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SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION 
UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 





PROCEEDINGS 


OF THE 


UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 





VOLUME 65 








WASHINGTON 
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 
1925 





ADDITIONAL COPIES 
OF THIS PUBLICATION MAY BE PROCURED FROM 
THE SUPERINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS 
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 
WASHINGTON, D. C. : 
AT 


$1.75 PER COPY (CLOTH) 
IL 


ADVERTISEMENT 


The scientific publications of the National Museum consist of two 
series—Proceedings and Bulletins. 

The Proceedings, the first volume of which was issued in 1878, are 
intended primarily as a medium for the publication of original papers 
based on the collections of the National Museum, setting forth newly 
acquired facts in biology, anthropology, and geology derived there- 
from, or containing descriptions of new forms and revisions of lim- 
ited groups. A volume is issued annually or oftener for distribution 
to libraries and scientific establishments, and, in view of the impor- 
tance of the more prompt dissemination of new facts, a limited 
edition of each paper is printed in pamphlet form in advance. The 
dates at which these separate papers are published are recorded in 
the table of contents of the volume. 

The present volume is the sixty-fifth of this series. 

The Bulletin, publication of which was begun in 1875, is a series 
of more elaborate papers, issued separately, and, like the Proceedings, 
based chiefly on the collections of the National Museum. 

A quarto form of the Bulletin, known as the “Special Bulletin,” 
has been adopted in a few instances in which a larger page was 
deemed indispensable. 

Since 1902 the volumes of the series known as ‘‘ Contributions from 
the National Herbarium,” and containing papers relating to the 
botanical collections of the Museum, have been published as Bulletins. 

WILLIAM DEC. RAVENEL, 
Administrative Assistant to the Secretary, 
United States National Museum. 
APRIL 25, 1924. 


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TABLE OF CONTENTS 





Aupricu, J. M. A new genus and species of two-winged flies 
of the family Chloropidae injuring Manihot in Brazil. No. 
De aie ppl. dune fy LIME a2 2 ee Sa 


New genus: Teleocoma. 
New species: Teleocoma crassipes. 


Cuapin, Epwarp A. Nematode parasites of the Brazilian 
land-tortoise, Testudo denticulata—Results of the Mulford 
Biological Exploration—Helminthology. No. 2526, pp. 
1=Gub September OwiOs4e 1G ssiG Ree - Ste ee 


New genus: Sauricola. 
New species: Sauricola sauricola, Deletrocephalus variabilis, Angusti- 
caecum brevispiculum. 


Donps, G. S. Notes on entomostraca from Colorado. The 
Shantz collections from the Pikes Peak region. No. 2531. 
ppieie May 12, 192406 - 924 -- atone aheieiic. 7407208 


Dunn, E. R. Amastridium, a neglected genus of snakes. 
Now 2he4epps t=3.-) April 1, 1924 % "2. -- ee 


Fisner, WARREN S. A revision of the West Indian Coleoptera 
of the family Buprestidae. No. 2522, pp. 1-207. March 
Fenn ee eee eee cae - aig lk 


New genus: Paracinyra. 

New species: Polycesta manni, Acmaeodera subcylindrica, A. jamai- 
censis, A. wickhami, A. gundlachi, Psiloptera (Lampetis) bahamica, 
Chrysobothris antillarum, C. bella, C. parvofoveata, C. wolcottt, 
C. hispaniolae, C. insulana, Paracinyra viridimaculata, Buprestis 
cubensis, B. decipiens, Mizochlorus elegans, Anthaxia bifoveata, 
Brachys thomae, Taphrocerus tenuis, T. subglaber, T. elegans, T. 
aeneocollis, T. aeneocupreus. 

New varieties: Psiloptera (Lampetis) torquata, var. jamaicensis, 
Actenodes auronotata, var. jamaicensis, Chrysobothris sexfasciata, 
var. jamaicensis. 

New name: Acmaeodera confusa. 


Gaunan, A. B. Some new parasitic hymemoptera with notes 
on several described forms. No. 2517, pp. 1-23... July 
Te ee ene sats as man VESGGE) OTe ae 

New Species: Lecaniobius capitatus, Eupelmus coccidivorus, A phel- 
inus sanborniae, A. jucundus, A. perpallidus, A. aureus, Encarsia 
formosa, Eupteromalus cognatus, Tetrastichus philodromi, Baeus 
rotundiventris, Phanurus promachiwvorus. 

New name: Aphelinus ashmeadi. 


1 Date of publication 


Article 


21 


13 


18 


tt 


VE TABLE OF CONTENTS 


GREENE, CuaRLEs T. Synopsis of the North American flies 
of the genus Scellus. No. 2529, pp. 1-18. September 
Q) TORE) ceil. fae ee oe ee 


Hamitton, Ciype C. Studies on the morphology, taxonomy 
and ecology of the larvae of Holarctic tiger-beetles (family 
Cicindelidae). No. 2530, pp. 1-87. April’24; 1925 Vita! 8 


Hay, Otiver P. Notes on the osteology and dentition of the 
genera Desmostylus and Cornwallius. No. 2521, pp. 1-8. 
Duly 19, V4 4s oye eS an Ce eee 


Hyman, O. W. Studies on larvae of crabs of the family 
Grapsidae. No. 2523, pp. 1-8. October Gy LOA Ene pe es 


JORDAN, Davin Srarr. Description of a recently discovered 
_ sculpin from Nevada regarded as Cottus beldingi. No. 
2519;\ppst-20 September 12.4024 tan shania aainace 2 


Mattocn, J. R., and W. L. McArTer. Keys to flies of the 
families Lonchaeidae, Pallopteridae, and Sapromyzidae of 
the eastern United States, with a list of the species of the 
District of Columbia region. No. 2525, pp. 1-26. Sep- 
temben:9;cl924 typ au. hatentour 4 _puiphtebog sn Bi ee 

New genus: T'rypetisoma. 
New species: Palloptera claripennis, P. subusta, Minettia buchanani, 
Sapromyzosoma deceptor, S. nudifemur. 

Ovproyp, T.S. The fossils of the Lower San Pedro fauna of 
the Nob Hill cut, San Pedro, California. No. 2535, pp. 
DOD AIATY. UG OO! 0. ile ee i 

New species: Acteocina pedroensis, Turbonilla (Strioturbinilla) 
pecora, T. (Pyrgolampros) collisella, T. (P.) idae, T. (Pyrgiscus) 
himerta, T. (Mormula) eptphanea, Odostomia (Ivara) amava, O. 
(Chrysallida) gomphina, O. (C.) scelera, O. (Evalea) tersa, O. (E.) 
athea, O. (E.) manca, O. (E.) cwitella, O. (E.) fitella, O. (A maura) 
menzola, O. (A.) trochilia, O. (A.) sanesia, O. (A.)  timessa, 
Epitonium continuatum, Linularia magna. 

New subspecies: Marginella jewettti nanella, Alia tuberosa major. 

Pitspry, Henry A. Miocene and Pleistocene Cirripedia from 
Haiti. No. 2515, pp. 1-3. May DO Wie Ib Pa Sere Phe 2 oar oie 

New species: Balanus poly porus. 

New subspecies : Balanus concavus eseptatus. 

Ransom, B. H. Hookworms of the genus Uncinaria of the 
dog, fox, and badger. No. 2533, pp. 1-5. July 8, 1924 1__ 


Reese, Joun B., jr. A new Nautiloid cephalopod Eutre- 
phoceras sloani, from the Eocene of South Carolina. No. 
2518, pp. 1-4... May 10, 19241 ___22see RAD, louie 9 

New species: Eutrephoceras sloani. 


1 Date of publication. 


Article 


16 


Le 


10 


12 


22 


20 


TABLE OF CONTENTS vil 


Article 
SaNDHOUSE, GRACE ADELBERT. New North American species 
of bees belonging to the genus Halictus (Chloralictus). No. 
2532, pp. 1-43. September 9, Opa ieee ae retary eC ees nie 19 
New species: Halictus (Chloralictus) olivarius, H. (C.) ellisiae, H. 
(C.) sedi, H. (C.) academicus, H. (C). actinosus, H. (C.) liguanensis, 
H. (C.) admirandus, H. (C.) tenaz, H. (C.) pacatus, H. (C.) alius, 
H. (C.) caducus, H. (C.) impavidus, H. (C.) comis, H. (C.) meritus, 
H. (C.) arcanus, H. (C.) latus, H. (C.) wnicus, H. (C.) absimilis, 
H. (C.) vintonensis, H. (C.) gaudialis, H. (C.) paululus, H. (E>) 
exalbidus, H. (C.) actuarius, H. (C.) sagaz, H. (C.) perexiguus, 
H. (C.) occultus, H. (C.) evestigatus, H. (C.) pikei, H. (C.) obnubilus, 
H. (C.) insulsus, H. (C.) consonus, H. (C.) praepes, H. (C.) astutus, 
H. (C.) abundus, H. (C.) tranquillus, H. (C.) pudicus, H. (C.) 
lactineus, H. (C.) callidus, H. (C.) apertus, H. (C.) genuinus, H. (C.) 
basilicus, H. (C.) mactus, H. (C.) pensitus, H. (C.) accentus, H. (C.) 
mollis, H. (C.) merosus, H. (C.) malinus, H. (C.) insolitus. 


Scuaus, Witt1am. New species of moths in the United 
States National Museum. No. 2520, pp. 1-74. ‘June 2, 
MODQA AG Tarek. bt. ris. SOAs 4i-- asa Sy Bel -Eaoa 7 


New genera: Pseudaethria, Carilephia, Vulmara, Jorgensenia, Sort- 
tena, Tolytia, Tytocha. 

New species: Sphecosoma besasa, Isanthrene rorert, Autochloris 
ethela, A. solimoes, Sarosa albraamea, Gymnelia ducet, G. cennocha, 
G. ludga, Pheia dosithea, P. proteria, Loxophlebia tibba, Chrosto- 
soma enna, C. lea, Cosmosoma joavana, C. greta, Psilopleura senana, 
Saurita anselma, S. geralda, Dycladia marmana, D. basimacula, 
Macrocneme euphrasia, Pseudaethria cessogae, Episcepsis satania, 
Anticholris lamalissa, Lymire lacina, Horama serena, Leucopleura 
ciarana, Chlorostola anusia, Agyrta macasia, Delphyre nilammon, 
Heliura nathalan, H. cadroe, Eucereon duthaca, E. theophanes, E. 
cyneburge, E. chosica, Propyria morelosia, P. fridolinia, Progona 
rioma, P. ignata, Crambidia cinnica, Ilema armogasies, Disoide- 
mata nicephora, Agylla tygriusa, Paraona hampsoni, P. grahami, 
Cisthene ducei, Pachycerosia colmana, Darantasia palladia, D? 
rumolda, Carilephia moninna, Vulmara drostana, Eudoliche os- 
valda, Thyone theodula, Illice bonitensis, Jorgensenia cunegunda, 
Talara thea, Asura modvena, Schistophleps hedda, Caulocera aliba, 
Chamaita edelburga, Hemipsilia grahami, Cyclosiella pulchrina, 
Torycus domingonis, Boenasa toryca, B. angelica, Neritos cucufas, 
N. cybar, Parevia vulmarva, Automolis postradiata, Soritena haba- 
nera, Ammalo ramsdeni, Pelochyta nabor, Elysvus rufin, E. 
macasia, Amastus vandgregisili, Halisidota agatha, H. valentina, 
H. orooca, H. ephrem, H. dinora, Dirphia oridocea, D. binasa, 
Heliconisa carilapha, Colla manni, Apatelodes olaus, A. schreitert, 
Olceclostera friburgensis, Colobata thea, Prorifrons granula, P. 
hempsteadi, Tolype abdan, Tytocha temperata, Titya avita, T. 
angala, T. arpiana, T. everildis, T. guthagon, T. viuda, Artace 
argentina, A. menuve, A. sisoes, A. helier, Euglyphis planita, E. 
senucis, E. maha, E. serapion, E. vistorica, E. audifaz, E. schadet, 





1 Date of publication. 


VIII TABLE OF CONTENTS 


E. gundlea, E. vandrilla, E. aldegondes, E. casimir, E. suramis, E. 
plechelm, Antiopha pittieri, Dicentria manni, Rifargia cinga, Hemi- 
ceras cadoca, Chliara svidberti, Phiditia minor, Podalia schadei, 
Megalopyge braulio, Pilocrocis nalotalis, Conchylodes vincentalis, 
Dichocrocis nimalis, Piletosoma tacticalis, P. chaquimayalis, P. 
guianalis, Sylepta mitanalis, Margaronia celestinalis, M. culmi- 
nalis, M. delicatalis, M. tolimalis, Megastes olivalis, Azochis esse- 


quebalis, Polygrammodes dubialis, Liopasia purpurealis, Anarmodia- 


arcadiusalis, A. salviusalis, A. elongalis, A. monjealis, A. lojalis, 

A. repandalis, Microcausta demeridalis, Baeotarcha fallalis, Chilo 
gildasellus. 

SHANNON, Eart V. Benjaminite, a new sulphosalt mineral of 

the klaprotholite group. No. 2537, pp. 1-9. June 17, 1924? 


SPRINGER, Frank. A Tertiary crinoid from the West Indies. 
No.-2516. ppidss. Whey Ao nlQo4d wc tea 


New species: Balanocrinus haitiensis. 


STEINER, G. A remarkable new genus and species of Mermi- 
thid worms from Jamaica. No. 2527, pp. 1-4. April 25, 


New genus: Allomermis. 
New species: Allomermis trichotopson. 

Sr. GrorGe, R. A. Studies on the larvae of North American 
beetles of the subfamily Tenebrioninae with a description of 
the larva and pupa of Merinus laevis (Olivier). No. 2514, 
Ppl 2 2 dally NOLO Ok Se oe ut coe eee 


TREADWELL, A. L. A new marine annelid from Chile. No. 
2036; pp. 1-3. Ausust’9) 1924 Us. nek AN aera Nag 


New species: Lagisca crassa. 


WuiTeBREAD, Cuartes. The magic, psychic, ancient Egyp- 
tian, Greek, and Roman medical collections of the division 
of medicine in the United States National Museum. No. 
2528, pp. 1-44. November 24, 19241________...__.____. 


Article 


24 


14 


23 


15 





1 Date of publication. 


LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS 


PLATES 


STuDIES ON THE LARVAE OF NortTH AMERICAN BEETLES OF THE SUBFAMILY 
TENEBRIONINAE WITH A DESCRIPTION OF THE LARVA AND PUPA OF MERINUS 
LAEVIS (OLIVIER) 


By R. A. St. George 
Facing page 


elianvae: Oleh eneorvoninde ane oo er parr ace. deh al gly a pS 22, 
we warvaec.and.pupae.of Lenebrion~nae jae socer . Sega, soi te eee 22 
SS PLALV AC TOLMER COTMONINOE 2 eas eS ah oe Lye pale raf mapa ag yay 22 
Ameen AC LOL ETE DT TOTUTI ME smats anja et me ie ey ye ee 22 


MI0cENE AND PLEISTOCENE CIRRIPEDIA FROM HaitTI 
By Henry A. Pilsbry 
1. Balanus concavus eseptatus and B. polyporus__........----------2--- 3 
A TERTIARY CRINOID FROM THE WEsT INDIES 
By Frank Springer 
i A new Lertiary crinoid from the West. Indies..<..0. 0 =~ 2.02.2. 8 


A new NAUvTILOID CEPHALOPOD EUTREPHOCERAS SLOANI, FROM THE EOCENE OF 
SoutH CAROLINA 


By John B. Reeside, jr. 


ine huirephoceras sloant. keeside, back View----=.=.- =... 4 > 2 4 
2. Eutrephoceras sloani Reeside, front view....----.--.-.-------------- 4 
2. Eutrephoceras sloani Reeside, side view_=-2..-..--...-------------- 4 


DESCRIPTION OF A RECENTLY DISCOVERED SCULPIN FROM NEVADA REGARDED 
AS COTTUS BELDINGI 


By David Starr Jordan 
1. Cottus beldingt Eigenmann and Eigenmann________________________-_ 2 


NOTES ON THE OSTEOLOGY AND DENTITION OF THE GENERA DESMOSTYLUS AND 
CoRNWALLIUS 


By Oliver P. Hay 


ieeDesmostyltusiand Cornwallis ass Ret suo ets at ee pe eer 8 
Zh, beeth-of .Cornwalliiuss 2222-007 PRE gs0 Sous Py Arran g 4 ae Oe for ye 8 
STUDIES ON LARVAE OF CRABS OF THE FAMILY GRAPSIDAE 
By O. W. Hyman 
1. Larvae of Planes minutus (1-10) and Sesarma cinerea (11-12)_______- 8 
De NUATVAG OF SCSATING NELICULALE Ba el ene dete ale paths n ene. aah ates cube el! 8 
SLA LVACIOR LACRYgGTa DSUs MATMONAlus. oe Ae Re a 8 


45554—25— Proc. N.M.vol.65——2 


xX LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS 


Krys TO FLIES OF THE FAMILIES LONCHArIDAE, PALLOPTERIDAE, AND SAP- | 
ROMYZIDAE OF THE EASTERN UNITED STATES, WITH A LIST OF THE SPECIES OF 
THE DistRICT OF COLUMBIA REGION 


By J. R. Malloch and W. L. McAtee 


Facing page 
1. Structural detals of Lonchaeidae and Sapromyzidae___._.-_-_---_--_-- 26 
2. Hypopyria of Sapromyzidae = 22. 22 oe ee eee ee 26 
NEMATODE PARASITES OF THE BRAZILIAN LAND-TORTOISE, TESTUDO 
DENTICULATA 
By Edward A. Chapin 
1 Sauricolaisauricola, new-sSpeciess=. 2a... === a 6 
2. Deletrocephalus variabilis, new species, and Angusticaecum brevispi- 


Culim; TOW SPeCles= 6.2422 Ss eee 6 

A REMARKABLE NEW GENUS AND SPECIES OF MERMITHID WORMS FROM JAMAICA 
By G. Steiner 

1—2. A new genus of Mermithid. worms_ =~ --2.-----—.---=-- = =-22--. 4 


THE MAGIC, PSYCHIC, ANCIENT EGypTiAN, GREEK, AND ROMAN MEDICAL COL- 
LECTIONS OF THE DIVISION OF MEDICINE IN THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL 
MvusEUM 

By Charles Whitebread 


1. History of medicine exhibits. East Gallery_-...---.--------------- 1 
22; Medical’exhibits—magice medicines 25. outs. S2e4L te se CEE eee: 2 
§. Medical exhibits—psychie medicines=? 222 te 5. S28 2 Se Sone 16 
4. Exhibits of ancient Egyptian medicine. —~__............_.-.--.._--- 22 
5) ‘Exhibits of Greek and. Roman medicine. ~~ 2528222 S25 35 eee 30 
SyNopsis oF THE NorTH AMERICAN FLIES OF THE GENUS SCELLUS 
By Charles T. Greene 
1=—35) North AmericanvScellushi lise as Spee eee eee eee 18 


STUDIES ON THE MORPHOLOGY, TAXONOMY AND ECOLOGY OF THE LARVAE OF 
HOLARCTIC TIGER-BEETLES (FAMILY CICINDELIDAE) 


By Clyde C. Hamilton 


1. Lateral view of larvae of tiger-beetles_ -_.._.....-.--__--.-------- 74 
2. Heads of various tiger-beetlellanvaecse = eee ae ee eee 75 
3. Labia, antennae, maxillae, and legs of tiger-beetle larvae__._------- 76 
4. Labra, thoraces, and abdomina of tiger-beetle larvae____----------- dade 
5. Pronota and setal plans of tiger-beetle larvae__--.._-.__------------ 78 
6. Pronota and setal plans of tiger-beetle larvae__-...------------=--- 79 
7. Pronota, setal plans, and abdominal segments of tiger-beetle larvae__ 80 
8. Third abdominal segments and setal plans of tiger-beetle larvae _ - --_- 81 
9: Inner’ hooks of tiger=beetle lanvacs= === 45 =a = ee eee 82 
10. Pronta and setal plans of tiger-beetle larvae_-_-_------------------- 83 
11. Third abdominal segments and setal plans of tiger-beetle larvae _ - -- - 84 
12. Collyris, species Emarginatus dejean or bonellit Guérin_ ------------ 85 


LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS XI 


HooKWORMS OF THE GENUS UNCINARIA OF THE DOG, FOX, AND BADGER 
By B. H. Ransom 
Facing page 
lemtiookworms ofthe dogs fox, and badger. 2225) sae eee ee 


THE FOSSILS OF THE LowER SAN PEDRO FAUNA OF THE Nos HI.Lu cut, San 
PEDRO, CALIFORNIA 


By T. S. Oldroyd 


me Lower san Pedro: Pyramidellids-—2 2a EL ek 38 
DeelLowenmsanvuledrotossileshellsa2 23 i 20 e Sheed See see eee et Baek Se 39 


TEXT FIGURES 


A NEw NAUTILOID CEPHALOPOD EUTREPHOCERAS SLOANI, FROM THE EOCENE OF 
SoutH CAROLINA 


By John B. Reeside, jr. 
Page 
1. Cross section of whorl of Hutrephoceras sloani Reeside at diameter of 
140 mm., natural size. a@, suture, of Enclimatoceras ulrichi White, 
Eocene at diameter of 140 mm. (X 7/10). 6, suture of Nautilus 
pompilius Linnaeus, recent, at diameter of 140 mm. (X 7/9). c, 
suture of Eutrephoceras sloant, Reeside, Eocene at diameter of 120 
mm. (X 7/9). d, suture of Hutrephoceras dekayi (Morton) of Meek, 
Cretaceous, at diameter of 100 mm., natural size_______-_--------- 3 


NOTES ON THB OSTEOLOGY AND DENTITION OF THE GENERA DESMOSTYLUS AND 
CoRNWALLIUS 


By Oliver P. Hay 


1. Tooth of Cornwallius sookensis. View from inner side___------------ 4 
2. Side view of skull of Desmostylus hesperus. Fr, frontal; Ju., jugal; 
La., lachrymal; Pa., parietal; Mz., maxilla; Na., nasal; Proz., pre- 
TAXI SS G..° SCQUAMORAl= oe ee Sod oe mets ew en ee eee eae 7 


THE MAGIC, PSYCHIC, ANCIENT EGYPTIAN, GREEK, AND ROMAN MEDICAL COLLEC- 
TIONS OF THE DIVISION OF MEDICINE IN THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


By Charles Whitebread 


(incdianimedicine mans Tatton —— 22-2 ses) 28 se ee ee ee 3 
mmm ATV SU TET SUG Kees ass ees hy ay ne ew ea la ree 4 
SREP MOE ACCA LIT eis sere ee Seen eine Wire ee hee, t Peers See tg ee eee 
A CRZOGIACISLONe Siete ta pate: Lae eA Seah eye ee 8 
SUOMI aes Versa SOR Me oe as okies oh oe ee Le See le ad | ae 12 
Grup liadianehe tic nase soee eee ere Se ae Carers een ere ee re Ne ot 13 
PMaViecetableglann basa ha age ee a ee ee a Bg es ek 14 
8. Charms worn for protection against the evil eye_________-__-_----- 16 
OMPT OVGIATED AT ees shear nea y a Se ORR NE ERLE? Hee ete oi 17 
HO Sesivan peOnrOL Aen dst.. SNR Ee ke APSE y ec ae SL 19 
11. Douchpieces for distribution at the healings__._.....-...--=---_=-+ 20 
Ee MiCrorahyipnotizen. seamen ee 2 RIN ae Orr eS eae ee 21 
iS eebhOt Osiris sis, Moris lnlnOtep a... ee as eee eee 23 


14. A photographic copy of a section of the papyrus Ebers, reduced in size. 
Taken from a facsimile, in colors, of the original____._.___------- 25 


XII LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS 


LS: Prescription tromibhe papy Lusi DCES === eee ee ee 
16bieyptian medicine chest and stonercase= eee se ee ee 
17. Five lines from the papyrus Ebers, with translations into hieroglyphic 
characters and into English 
18. Medicine vials 
1... ChirOn 26 oe Se ESS Spe as oe Ra: er TA nate De yt pa 
20. The Hieron or sacred place at Epidaurus. Outline restoration_-_--_-- 
21. The temple of Aesulapius at Epidaurus. Transverse section showing 
the statue of Aesculapius 
22. Copy of a memorial tablet found on the site of a temple of Aesculapius 
on the island of the Tiber at Rome 
23: Hippocrates. 22 202 he 3 Sa ee ee een ee a 
24. Claudius Galen 


Nores oN ENTOMOSTRACA FROM COLORADO—THE SHANTZ COLLECTIONS FROM THE 


Pikes PEAK REGION 
By G. 8S. Dodds 


1. Graphic representation of altitudinal range of the species of Entomos- 
traca collected by H. L. Shantz in the Pike’s Peak region 


A NEW MARINE ANNELID FROM CHILE 
By A. L. Treadwell 


1. Lagisca crassa, new species. Fig. 1. Anterior end X 10; Fig. 2, Para- 
podium X 17; Fig. 3, Neuropodial seta 170; Fig. 4, Notopodial 
seta X 170 


BENJAMINITE, A NEW SULPHOSALT MINERAL OF THE KLAPROTHOLITE GROUP 
By Earl V. Shannon 


Fig. 1. Sketch of polished surface of benjaminite showing relation of ben- 
jaminite to quartz and chalcopyrite and replacement of chal- 
copyrite and benjaminite by covellite. Fig. 2. Sketch of pol- 
ished surface showing relations of benjaminite, molybdenite, 
chaleopyrite;and quartz.) 222s 2 ee ee ee 2 

3. Sketch of polished surface showing relations of benjaminite, molyb- 
denite, chalcopyrite; and quartz. 92s)" ee eee 


STUDIES ON THE LARVAE OF NORTH AMERICAN 
BEETLES OF THE SUBFAMILY TENEBRIONINAE 
WITH A DESCRIPTION OF THE LARVA AND PUPA OF 
MERINUS LAEVIS (OLIVIER). 


By R. A. Sr. Grorar, 
Of the Bureau of Entomology, United States Department of Agriculture. 


INTRODUCTION. 


The present paper gives a revised systematic characterization of 
the larvae of the subfamily Tenebrioninae; discusses a suggested close 
relationship between the larvae of this subfamily and those of the 
Blaptinae; it enumerates and gives a detailed account of the larvae of 
the genera of Tenebrioninae which are present in the National Collec- 
tion, it further discusses LeConte’s old genus Meatus, and gives a 
generic key. In conclusion it has a general morphological descrip- 
tion of the hitherto undescribed larva and pupa of Merinus laevis. 
(Olivier). 

Family TENEBRIONIDAE. 


The larvae of the family Tenebrionidae were characterized by 
Schiddte, 1879.1 

The characterization is still applicable, and comparatively few 
additions and changes in the original diagnosis are needed in spite of 
the great number of new larval types described since Schiddte’s work 
was published. 

The following family diagnosis is therefore to be considered as a 
mere translation of his Latin text with some of the original descrip- 
tive terms modified to suit the modern nomenclature and with a few 
new characters added and other slightly changed.? 


FAMILY CHARACTERIZATION. 


Tarsus and claw fused into a single, unguliform article. Legs 
short, fitted for digging and walking; coxae conical, inclinate, 
prothoracic coxae (normally) approximately contiguous. Head 

1De metamorphosi Eleutheratorum Observationes Tenebriones Naturhist. Tidsskr., 
ser. 3, vol. 10, pp. 479-598, pls. 5—12. 

2 Insertions into the original text are inclosed by parenthesis. 

No. 2514—PROCEEDINGS U. S NATIONAL Museum, VOL. 65, ArT. I. 
1 


2 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 65. 


nutant, no collum, foramen occipitale posterior. Second and third 
pairs of mouthparts retracted, with large, plicate, moderately con- 
vex maxillary articulating area. Clypeus distinctly separated. 
Labrum large, (nearly) covering the mandibles. Antenna inserted 
behind mandible, lateral, hardly longer than mandible, triarticulate ; 
membrane connecting antenna with acetabulum protruding, joint- 
like. Mandible with molar part robust, cutting part bi-ortridentate, 
ventrally excavate. Maxilla covered by mandible; cardo large, tri- 
angular; stipes well developed, broad; cardo and stipes connected 
with submentum by maxillary articulating area; maxillary mala 
single, obtuse (or acute), pectinate; maxillary palpus not much 
longer than mala, triarticulate, with annular basal membrane. 
Labial palpus short, conical, biarticulate; stipites labii concrete. 
Mentum large, (normally) barrel-shaped, free; submentum large, 
trapezoidal, connected with maxillary articulating area. Gula 
simple, (normally) quadrangular. Ligula small (acute or obtusely 
pointed), bispinose (or multispinose). Abdomen prolonged, ninth 
segment terminal with pygidium extending over anal segment. Anal 
segment short, (sometimes) with two projecting and retractile 
ambulatory warts (verrucae). Spiracles annular, open, with a single 
respiratory slit. 


Subfamily TENEBRIONINAE. 


The family Tenebrionidae is divided by modern systematists into 
a great many subfamilies; Leng’s catalogue of North American 
species records 22 subfamilies. Investigation of the larve seems 
to substantiate the correctness of this classification, which is based 
entirely on characters from the adults. However, the three main 
sections into which Schiddte divides the larvae can be considered 
only to a limited extent equivalent to three series of our subfamilies. 
Thus his first main section corresponds roughly to the subfamilies 
Scaurinae, Blaptinae, and Opatrinae; his third main section is 
equivalent to the subfamily Alleculinae; while his second main sec- 
tion represents at least five subfamilies. Among these is the sub- 
family Tenebrioninae (created by Gebien, 1910), with which the 
present paper is particularly concerned. 

The Tenebrioninae are represented in Schiddte’s work by only 
one genus, namely, Zenebrio, but in the National Collection there are 
some 13 genera referable to the subfamily and the representation in 
our collection of the other Tenebrionid subfamilies has increased 
proportionally. It is therefore obvious that Schiddte’s group char- 
acterizations are no longer adequate, and in this paper the writer is 
attempting the needed recharacterization only of the subfamily 
Tenebrioninae. The other subfamilies, however, have been studied 
as far as available larval material permitted. 


ART, 1 LARVAE OF AMERICAN TENEBRIONINAE—ST. GEORGE. 3 


The morphological structures here examined are those which 
Schiddte discussed in his-conspectus and upon the different develop- 
ment of which he formulated his diagnoses. It was due entirely to 
a lack of sufficient material when Schiddte’s conspectus was formu- 
lated that it is now antiquated. His methods of research, however, 
and his sound judgment are still unsurpassed. 


SUBFAMILY CHARACTERIZATION. 


Mandible with the back opposite the cutting edge, without mar- 
gination * and excavated opposite the molar part; without membra- 
nous elevation *; apically bifid or trifid; with or without additional 
dorsal tooth between apex and molar part. Ocelli* arranged in two 
transverse, crescent shaped or circular groups on each side of head, 
and with five more or less fused lenses; or with only opthalmic spots 
which vary from being distinct to vanishing. Antenna‘ with basal 
article distinctly longer than wide. Labrum dorsally without trans- 
verse, densely setose elevation. Leg with claw falcate, enlarged at 
base on exterior side. Pygidium apically bicornute, or without cerci 
and with side margins sharp and bearing short spine-like setae. 
Anal segment with or without projecting and retractile ambulatory 
warts (verrucae). Abdominal spiracles oval and transverse. 


AFFINITIES BETWEEN THE SUBFAMILIES TENEBRIONINAE AND 
BLAPTINAE. 


The value of the subfamily diagnosis of the Tenebrionidae as 
given above, depends more on the exact combination of the char- 
acters chosen than on a very special and exclusive development of 
the single characters; hence the diagnosis is formulated with rather 
liberal allowance for considerable variation in most of them. In 
this connection it is interesting to notice that through a series of 
genera these structures show a gradually increasing similarity to 
the corresponding structures in the genera Blaps, Eleodes, and E'm- 
baphion, which constitute an entirely different subfamily, namely, 
the Blaptinae. 

In the genera Xylopinus, Haplandrus, Polypleurus, Iphthimus, 
Alobates, and Glyptotus, which represent the most typical forms of 
the subfamily Tenebrioninae, the left mandible has a trifid apex (@?, 
a*, a*, fig. 832) and an additional tooth (¢) on the dorsal side near 
apex; the right mandible is also trifid (a+, a?, a°, fig. 33) but lacks 
the additional tooth (¢) between the apex and molar part. In U/pis, 





8 Except Rhinandrus and Zophobas, which have slight marginations and membranous 
elevations. 

In small immature larve the ocelli are more prominent and the proportions o 
antennal articles variable. In Scotobates the basal article is nearly as wide as long and 
the second article is long and globose. 


+4 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 65. 


Merinus, and Scotobates the mandible has changed slightly; both 
right and left mandibles are still apically trifid but both lack the 
additional dorsal tooth. (Figs. 2 and 5.) A still further modifica- 
tion of the mandible takes place in Coelocnemis and Tenebrio, which 
show the beginning of the mentioned affinity to the Blaptinae. In 
this subfamily the left mandible is bifid with a dorsal tooth near the 
molar part, and the right mandible is bifid with a dorsal tooth near 
apex. Moreover the back of the mandible has a slightly developed 
carinate edge opposite the cutting part, and opposite the molar part 
a well developed completely exposed membranous elevation with 
either a few rather strong setae arranged in groups anteriorly and 
posteriorly, or with many scattered, rather short and rigid setae. 
Compared with these structures in Blaptinae, we find in Coelocnemis 
each mandible bifid at apex, the left with an additional dorsal tooth 
near the molar part, the right with a tooth near apex (¢, fig. 54). 
In this particular development, all species of Tenebrio are identical 
with Coelocnemis. In the latter genus (fig. 54) and the two species, 
Tenebrio molitor and Tenebrio obscurus, there is only one seta an- 
teriorly and two setae posteriorly on the dorsal side of the back of 
the mandible (fig. 51) but in Tenebrio picipes (fig. 53) the setae are 
scattered and numerous as in some genera of the Blaptinae. Finally, 
the genera Zophobas and Rhinandrus demonstrate quite strongly the 
suggested affinity of the Tenebrioninae with Blaptinae, possessing in 
addition to the characters of Coelocnemus, Tenebrio molitor, and 
Tenebrio obscurus, a slight margin on the back opposite the cutting 
edge and also a membranous elevation opposite the molar part, two 
characters which do not occur in the other Tenebrioninae. In Zo- 
phobas the margin on the back of the mandible is rounded (c, fig. 
62) while in Rhinandrus it is sharp (ce, figs. 60 and 61) which is also 
typical of the Blaptinae (figs. 64 and 65, H'leodes). The setae on 
the anterior part of the membranous elevation are not as numerous 
in Zophobas and Rhinandrus as in the Blaptinae, but otherwise we 
find the whole structure developed exactly as in this subfamily. 

In the typical Tenebrioninae the pygidium is bicornute at apex 
with side margins rounded, and either without setae, or with setae 
arranged in a transverse series in front of the cerci. (Figs. 36, 41, 
and 45.) In Jenebrio molitor and Tenebrio obscurus it is apically 
bicornute, but with side margins sharp and with two short, spinelike 
setae on each side near apex. (Figs. 49 and 50.) In Zenebrio picipes 
the apex is acute, not bicornute (fig. 52) and side margins are sharp 
but with many setae, bearing a striking resemblance to the pygidium 
of Eleodes tricostata. (Fig. 63.) In Zophobas and Rhinandrus the 
pygidium is apically obtuse, without cerci and with side margins 
sharp and bearing two short spinelike setae on each side near apex. 


ART. 1 LARVAE OF AMERICAN TENEBRIONINAE—ST. GEORGE. 5 


(Figs. 56 and 57.) This form of pygidium shows a strong resem- 
blance to that of Hleodes opaca (figs. 66 and 67) and Eleodes car- 
bonaria (fig. 68). 

In regards to the size of the anterior legs, as compared with that 
of the second and third pairs, the Tenebrioninae show considerable 
variation. In Haplandrus, Scotobates, and Tenebrio the first pair 
of legs are only slightly larger than the second and third pairs so 
that all legs appear to be nearly of the same size (figs. 47 and 48) ; 
but in Polypleurus, Coelocnemis, Glyptotus, Xylopinus, Ipthimus. 
Upis, Merinus, Alobates, Zophobas, and Rhinandrus the first pair 
of legs are strong and robust, and the second and third pairs rather 
suddenly decrease in size (figs. 17, 22, 34, 35). This difference is 
greatest in Rhinandrus (figs. 58 and 59), less in the other genera, 
increasing slightly according to the sequence in which they are men- 
tioned. In this character Zophobas and Rhinandrus are close to the 
Blaptinae. 

The ocelli also differ somewhat in arrangement and prominence 
within the subfamily. They are arranged in two transverse, cres- 
cent shaped or circular groups. In prominence they may vary from 
being distinct to vanishing or apparently wanting. The various 
ocelli on each side of the head may be represented in the ocellar 
groups either by lenses, more or less fused, or only by pigmented 
spots which may be either distinct or indistinct. In one Central 
American species® in the national collection, apparently closely 
related to Coelocnemis, five distinct ocelli are present in two trans- 
verse groups and the lenses are separated and protruding. In Upis 
and AMerinus the ocelli in each of the groups are without spaces be- 
tween the lenses and less protruding. In Scotobates, Iphthimus, 
Haplandrus, Glyptotus, and Tenebrio the divisions between the 
lenses can not readily be seen and the latter are almost fused to- 
gether, so that each group of ocelli appears more or less as a single 
large ocellus. This is particularly the case in Z7’enebrio, where the 
two ocellar groups appear as two single ocelli and are so described 
by Schiddte. In Alobates, Coelocnemis, Rhinandrus, and Zophobas, 
the ophthalmic spots vary from being present to vanishing. By con- 
sidering the ocelli as two groups, even when each is fused into what 
appears to be a single ocellus, we can include all genera of the 
Tenebrioninae in our characterization. In the Blaptinae the ocelli 
are evanescent. 

The abdominal spiracles are oval and transverse in all genera ot 
both Tenebrioninae and Blaptinae. 





5 Labeled: ‘‘ Cacao, Trece Aguas, Alto Verapaz, Guatemala, collected April, 1906, by 
E. A. Sehwarz.” 


6 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 65. 


From the foregoing it is apparent that Rhinandrus and Zophobas 
more closely resemble the Blaptinae than do any other genera of the 
‘Tenebrioninae. In fact the only consistant character separating 
them from the Blaptinae is the absence of any transverse, densely 
setose elevation on the labrum, a character present in all Blaptinae 
and absent in all Tenebrioninae. | 


GENERA OF SUBFAMILY TENEBRIONINAE. 


Of the 23 genera of the subfamily Tenebrioninae in the United 
States, which Leng® recognizes, larvae of the following 13 were 
available for study: 

The genus Polypdelurus Eschscholtz, of which there are three 
species, is represented by germinatus Solier. The material consists 
of a larval skin and a reared adult. The larva was found by the 
author in a decayed oak twig at Falls Church, Virginia, July 25, 
1918, and reared September 7, 1918. 

Material of the genus RAinandrus LeConte consists of several 
larvae, larval skins, a pupa, pupal remains, and reared adults of 
sublaevis Horn. The larvae were taken by H. G. Hubbard from the 
nest of a rat (Neotoma albigula) in Tucson, Arizona, during the 
period from January to June, 1897, and reared by T. Pergande. 
Doctor Schwarz states that it is very difficult to separate the adults 
from those of Alobates sublaevis (Beauvois), and he was at first in 
doubt as to which genus they belonged. He has not had an oppor- 
tunity to examine the types. The larvae of these two genera, how- 
ever, can be easily separated by the characters given in the key. On 
the other hand, the larvae of Hubbard are hard to separate from 
Zophobas, closely allied to Rhinandrus. For this reason Doctor 
Schwarz, like the writer, feels quite certain that the above-mentioned 
material is referable to Rhinandrus. 

The genus Zophobas Blanchard contains only one species (morio 
Fabricius). A larval specimen was collected by E. A. Schwarz in the 
canal zone of Panama, February, 1911. Doctor Schwarz is not 
positive of the determination, but from a comparison of the char- 
acters of this with the closely allied Rhinandrus sublaevis, the writer 
feels quite certain that the determination is correct. Another larval 
specimen, collected by M. A. Palmer, in a cave at Guana Jay, Cuba, 
May 5, 1900, is very closely related to this genus. 

The genus Scotobates Horn, consisting of two species, is repre- 
sented in the national collection by calcaratus (Fabricius). Since 
this is one of the most abundant species in the eastern part of the 

®Leng, C. V., 1920, Catalogue of the Coleoptera of America, North of Mexico, pp. 


218-219. The names of Leng is followed throughout in discussing the material repre- 
sented under each genus. 


ART, 1 LARVAE OF AMERICAN TENEBRIONINAE—ST. GEORGE, 7 


United States, it is well represented. Many of the specimens have 
been reared. 

The genus Merinus LeConte is represented by its only species, 
laevis (Olivier). The material, associated with reared adults, con- 
sists of several larvae and pupae collected by the writer near Falls 
Church, Virginia, July 23, 1918. The rest of the larval material, 
not associated by rearing experiments, consists of the following 
specimens: one larva taken by H. S. Barber from a dead branch in 
the top of a cherry tree at Occoquan, Virginia, July 4, 1908; a second 
larval specimen taken from beneath the bark of a dead maple tree 
at Dead Run, Virginia (opposite Plummer Island, Maryland), Feb- 
ruary 17, 1915 (H. G. Champion, collector) ; and a third specimen 
taken by the writer from under chestnut bark at Black Pond, Fair- 
fax County, Virginia. 

The genus Xylopinus LeConte is represented by both its species, 
saperdioides (Olivier) and aenescens LeConte. The material con- 
sists of several specimens of saperdioides associated by rearing, 
as follows: larval skin (larva taken by A. B. Champlain from a de- 
cayed sycamore tree at Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, April 7, 1913, 
and adult reared June 10, 1913); several larvae taken by F. C. 
Craighead from the heartwood of a dead, dry oak log at Great Falls, 
Virginia, May 30, 1916 (pupa collected with these transformed June 
8, 1916) ; and several larvae taken by F. C. Craighead from beneath 
the bark of a decayed oak log near Great Falls, Virginia, May 25, 
1919 (adults reared June 4, 1919, from part of the same collection). 
The material representing the species aenescens, consists of two 
larval skins; one of larva taken by T. E. Snyder from beneath the 
bark of a decayed oak at Shipman, Virginia, October 11, 1913, and 
from which adult was reared May 28, 1914; another of larva taken 
by T. E. Snyder at Black Mountain, North Carolina, March 22, 1913, 
which pupated April 15 and transformed to imago May 9, 1913. 

The genus Haplandrus LeConte, of which there are three species, 
is represented by fudvipes (Herbst). The material associated by 
rearing consists of the following specimens: Four alcoholic larvae 
and one larval skin, the latter from a specimen which pupated May 
15 and issued May 23, 1913, all out of a collection of five larvae taken 
by A. B. Champlain from a dead white pine at Charter Oak, Penn- 
sylvania, April 10, 1913; and ten alcoholic larvae and one larval skin, 
the latter from a specimen which was reared through to adult April 
16, 1914, all out of a collection of eleven larvae taken by E. A. 
Schwarz and H. S. Barber in a dry trunk of redbud at Plummer 
Island, Maryland, August 27, 1913. Of the material not associated 
by rearing there are several specimens taken from a rotten oak at 
Plummer Island, Maryland, by Messrs, Schwarz and Barber. Other 
specimens were collected as follows: Larval skin and adult taken by 


8 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 65. 


R. C. Shannon from an oak log at Dead Run, Fairfax County, Vir- 
ginia, August 6, 1915; and a larva collected by C. G. Marshall at 
Silver Hill, Maryland, February 22, 1916. 

An undetermined larva, closely related to the genus Haplandrus, 
was taken by H. S. Barber at Brownsville, Texas, who suggests that 
it may represent a species belonging to the Mexican fauna. 

The genus Coelocnemis Mannerheim, of which there are five 
species, is represented by dilaticollis Mannerheim. The material con- 
sists of two larval specimens, not associated by rearing, collected 
by D. W. Coquillett in Los Angeles County, California. The rest 
of the material is without specific determination and consists of two 
larvae taken by H. S. Barber from under stones at Williams, Arizona, 
between May 30 and June 8, 1901; one larva taken by E. A. Schwartz 
from the ground at Oracle, Arizona, July, 1898; and a third larval 
specimen taken by Schwarz and Barber from Cacao trees at Aguas 
Alta, Verapaz, Guatemala, April, 1906. 

The genus 7phthimus Truqui, consisting of three species and three 
varieties, is represented by serratus (Mannerheim) and its varieties. 
The material representing the variety swblaevis Bland consists of: 
Larval specimens found in Pinus ponderosa at El Paso County, 
Colorado, February 26, 1914 (A. B. Champlain, collector), from a 
larva taken with them an adult was reared July 3, 1914; two larval 
specimens, not associated by rearing, taken by E. A. Schwarz 
and H. S. Barber at Williams, Arizona, during June, 1901; and a 
third larva taken from the decayed part of a telephone pole above the 
ground, on the Montgomery to New Orleans line, during August, 
1921. The remaining specimens of the species serratus, not associated 
by rearing, were collected as follows: One larva from a decayed 
log in a Tamarack swamp at Detroit, Michigan (H. G. Hubbard, 
collector) ; a second larva taken at Field Brooks, California, May 19, 
1903 (H. S. Barber, collector) ; and a third larval specimen from a 
sycamore log at Smith Point, Texas, November 15, 1918 (H. S. 
Barber, collector). One other larva, determined as /phthimus species, 
was taken by H. G. Hubbard from a decayed log at Hood River, 
Oregon, May 21, 1892. 

The material representing the variety lewist Horn consists of four 
larvae taken together with adults, from under the bark of a tree 
at Lake Tahoe, California, July 8, 1891 (H. G. Hubbard, collector), 
and three pupae and one adult taken by F. G. Schaupp at Kelly, 
New Mexico, July, 1890. 

The genus Alobates Motschulsky, of which there are three species, 
is represented by pennsylvanica (De Geer). As this species is very 
common in the eastern part of the United States there are many speci- 
mens of it. The larval material, of which part is associated by rear- 
ing, has been taken mainly from beneath the bark and in the outer 


ART, 1 LARVAE OF AMERICAN TENEBRIONINAE—ST. GEORGE, 9 


sapwood of maple, oak, chestnut, tulip, and sycamore trees. Adults 
of this species usually emerge about the first week in July. A single 
larval specimen, collected by D. W. Snyder at Luebo, Congo, Africa, 
appears to be closely related to this genus. 

The genus Glyptotus LeConte, containing the single species 
cribratus LeConte, is represented by only one larval specimen. It 
was taken by H. S. Barber from a dead limb of a palm tree (7hri- 
nax) on Big Pine Key, Florida, March 6, 1919. This specimen was 
determined by the writer, by locality, by comparison with size of 
adult and by a process of elimination of larval characters. Doctor 
Schwarz states that the species erébratus is about the only one there 
of its size and that it occurs in large numbers. 

The genus U/pis Fabricius is represented by its only species ceram- 
boides Linnaeus. The reared material consists of several larvae 
which were taken by S. A. Rohwer from beneath the bark of a dead 
white birch tree at Trout Lake, Wisconsin, September 23, 1913. 
Some larvae of this lot of material were caged September 27 and 
from them an adult emerged July 3, 1914. Of the material not 
associated by rearing experiments there are several larvae which 
were taken by H. G. Hubbard on the shores of Lake Superior, Michi- 
gan, July, 1876; and one larva taken from a decayed log by the same 
collector at Hood River, Oregon, May 21, 1892. 

The genus Z'enebrio Linnaeus, of which Leng recognizes the three 
species obscurus Fabricius, molitor Linnaeus, and picipes Herbst, is 
well represented by material from various parts of the United States 
and a few specimens from Europe. Part of the material from this 
country has been reared. 

The larval habits of the two first-mentioned species are interesting 
in view of the fact that they have so many hosts. Besides being found 
in stored grain, they have also been found in a nest of Bombus, débris 
of a flying squirrel’s nest, in 7?gridia, in roots of Althaea, and in 
hydrolyzed sawdust, which was being fed to cattle. 

The material representing picipes Herbst consists of the following: 
Larva and adult taken from a rotten log at Rockville, Pennsylvania, 
November 13, 1913 (H. B. Kirk, collector) ; three larvae and two 
adults found in nest of Bombus at Detroit, Michigan, probably in 
July, 1876 (H. G. Hubbard, collector) ; and a single larval specimen 
collected “on strawberries” at De Queen, Arkansas, March 26, 1921 
(J. W. Berg, collector). 


* 
DISCUSSION OF LECONTE’S OLD GENUS NEATUS. 


It may have been realized from the comments in the preceding dis- 
cussion that, in the little group of species which are included under 
the genus 7’enebrio Linnaeus, the species picipes Herbst occupies a 
position distinctly separate from the more typical forms, molitor 


10 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 65. 


Linnaeus and obscurus Fabricius. This is largely due to differences 
in structures exhibited by the larvae. These can be briefly summa- 
rized as follows: Setae on the dorsal side of the back of mandible are 
scattered and numerous, instead of grouped with one seta anteriorly 
and two setae posteriorly as in the two latter forms mentioned above; 
and pygidium is apically acute, without cerci and with many short, 
spinelike setae along the lateral margins, instead of bicornute and 
with only two spinelike setae along each margin near cerci. 

LeConte in his Classification of the Coleoptera of North America," 
founded a new genus Veatus, based on tenebriodes Beauvois. Later 
this species was identified with the European TVenebrio picipes 
Herbst. His genus was unfortunately lost sight of for many years. 

From the standpoint of larval characters it should be recognized 
either as a good genus or a marked subgenus. Seidlitz, in Erickson’s 
Naturgeschichte der Insecten Deutschland,’ gives a concise key to 
the larvae of Zenebrio which is here translated and slightly changed 
to properly set off Veatus LeConte as a distinct genus. 


1. The last dorsal segment terminating in two hook-shaped points, on the sides 
of which there are at most two small spines_________-______________ Bt 
The last dorsal segment terminating only in one point, near which on either 
side, are numerous small spines____-_-____-_-____ Neatus picipes Herbst. 
. The two points of the last dorsal segment distinctly bent upward_-___~_ 3. 
The two points on the last dorsal segment almost horizontal 
Tenebrio opacus Duftschmid. 
3. The last dorsal segment shorter than its width at the base; the two points 
are little divergent; the upper side light yellow 
Tenebrio molitor Linnaeus. 
The last dorsal segment as long as its width at the base; the two points are 
more strongly divergent; the upper side is dark brown 
Tenebrio obscurus Fabricius. 


to 


Later Mr. Edmund Reitter, in his Fauna Germanica ® treats Veatus 
as a subgenus of 7’enebrio without giving any characters. 

The genera previously described in this paper can be separated by 
the following characters: 


KEY TO THE GENERA OF TENEBRIONINAE. 


Back of mandible opposite molar part with membranous elevation (S, figs. 


GOH Gls G2 ) ce erb EE cae Ree pee eel aR eee ee Beene) ie BN ‘I. 
Back of mandible opposite molar part without membranous elevation (figs. 
hs Cy ETN feb) a Se i ok I a ee re 20 


1. Back of mandible opposite cutting edge with margin sharp (c, figs. 60 and 
61) ; near condyle for ventral articulation of mandible, two strong setae 
(Lower@alifornia and Arizona) —.______________- Rhinandrus LeConte. 

Back of mandible opposite cutting edge with margin round (fig. 62); near 
condyle for ventral articulation of mandible, one strong seta (Central 
and South America ‘and Plorida) 4-—=_--== "= ees Zophobas Blanchard. 


7Part 1, 1861, p. 233. § Vol. 5, 1896, pp. 628-630. ®Vol. 3, 1911, p. 347. 


ART. 1 LARVAE OF AMERICAN TENEBRIONINAE—ST. GEORGE, Et 


2. Mandibles apically trifid (a*, a’, a®) with (figs. 32) or without (figs. 2 and 


5) an additional dorsal tooth (t) between apex and molar part (m)-_- 3. 
Mandibles apically bifid (a’, and @’) with an additional dorsal tooth (?) 
between apex and molar part (figs. 51, 58, 60, and 62) ---_--______ 12) 

8. Left mandible with additional tooth between apex and molar part; right 
mandibleswithout toothipes!#= 2225 se tee sea es Se a 4, 
Both left and right mandibles without additional tooth between apex and 
MOAT Bb see ee eee Ese PR cee et ae ee eee 10. 


4. Ninth abdominal segment short and upwardly directed; dorsal shield of 
ninth articulating by lateral condyles with dorsal shield of eighth ring ; 
cerei with: basal projections (figs. 36; 37, 38, 39)—-2-—------_----_—— 5, 

Ninth abdominal segment not short and upwardly directed, dorsal shield 
continuous with that of eighth segment; cerci without basal projections 


(Gigs 4-640, 45.) 49) ae 2 oe Ae de Ss ee 6. 

5. Highth tergum posteriorly produced into a transverse series of conelike 
projections or teeth (fig. 36) -------------- An undetermined specimen. 
Eighth tergum entire, not produced into a transverse series of conelike 
DIO: CCU TOTUS (GELS icy) ea a a es Haplandrus LeConte. 

6. Pygidium with small seta-bearing spines anterior to cerci (figs. 9, 40, 41, 
Sip) eee cee NL OE as NR re € 


Pygidium without small seta-bearing spines anterior to cerci (fig. 45) 
Polypleurus Eschscholtz. 
7. Epipharynx with many short, spinelike setae on the soft skinned part 


(fig. 1) (eastern and southern species) -—------------ Xylopinus LeConte.; 
Epipharynx with only two short, spinelike setae on the soft skinned part 

(CG ry Team i pn yea ee ee ee te 8. 

8. Pygidium with transverse row of strong, hook-shaped, seta-bearing spines 
anterior sto Corel se we ee a eee Be eS Glyptotus LeConte. 
Pygidium with small, but not hook-shaped, seta-bearing spines anterior to 
Cerin (Higa) Lek Seis, BE a Ge a EE a ee ee Ee 9. 


9. Trochanter and femur of all legs similarly armed with small seta-bearing 
spines (figs. 42 and 43) (northern and western species) 
Iphthimus Truqui. 
Trochanter and femur of all legs not similarly armed; anterior pair with 
large, coarse, blunt, seta-bearing spines, second and third pairs armed 
with setae and a few small spines (figs. 34 and 35) 
Alobates Motschulsky. 
10. Pygidium with small seta-bearing spines anterior to cerci, dorsally with 
one pair stronger and bifid (figs. 9 and 14); prothoracie legs strong, 
considerably larger than rest; hypopharyngeal sclerite anteriorly tri- 
cuspidate, without median vertical projection (hse, fig. 8) ; anal segment 
without projecting and retractile ambulatory warts (verrucae) (figs. 12 
anys) si bod vasSOLt pMembranous2 a= ss ee i ee IIe 
Pygidium without seta-bearing spines anterior to cerci (fig. 45) ; prothoracic 
legs nearly the same size as rest (figs. 47 and 48) ; hypopharyngeal sclerite 
anteriorly tricuspidate with median, verticle projection bifid or grooved at 
apex (fig. 46); anal segment with two projecting and retractile ambu- 
latory warts (verrucae) (aw, fig. 45) ; body corneous__ Scotebates Horn. 
11. Epipharynx with many short, spinelike setae on soft-skinned part, no two 
of which are distinctly larger or more prominent than rest (eph, fig. 1) ; 
back of mandible with two setae, one anteriorly at base of teeth, other 
near fossa for dorsal articulation of mandible (figs. 2 and 15) ; trochanter 


12 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. you. 65. 


of prothoracic leg usually *® with four consecutive seta-bearing tubercles 
beneath callous wart on apex (figs. 16, 17). Eastern United States, 
Indiana: and Missouri) t= St 2 ee ee eee Merinus LeConte. 
Epipharynx with very few spinelike setae on soft-skinned part, two of 
which are distinctly larger and more prominent than rest (eph, fig. 15) ; 

back of mandible with four setae, two anteriorly at base of teeth and two 
posteriorly near fossa for dorsal articulation of mandible; trochanter of 
prothoracie leg usually with one small and two large set-bearing tubercles 
beneath callous wart at apex (fig. 18) (northern species)_ Upis Fabricius. 

12. Pygidium with apically bicornute cerci (figs. 49, 50, 55) _-______________ 13. 
Pygidium without cerel: (fig. 52) 20.22" eee Neatus LeConte. 

13. Pygidium without wartlike projections anterior to cerci but with two short, 
spinelike setae on each side near cerci (figs. 49 and 50); side margins 
sharp; anal segment with two projecting and retractile ambulatory warts 
(verrucae)? (a7, figs 49) 21 bee ae eee Tenebrio Linnaeus. 
Pygidium with a transverse series of wartlike chitinous projections anterior 

to cerci, each one apically with spinelike projections (fig. 55); side mar- 

gins not sharp; anal segment without projecting and retractile ambulatory 
warts’ (verrucae) *(figs*10'40544) Coelocnemis Solier. 


LARVA AND PUPA OF MERINUS LAEVIS (OLIVIER). 


While collecting in a wood lot near Falls Church, Virginia, July 
23, 1918, the author found several prepupal larvae, pupae, and adults 
under the bark of a large, decaying limb of a maple tree which had 
fallen to the ground. The material was determined by Dr. FE. A. 
Schwarz as Merinus laevis (Olivier). Previous records show that the 
larvae have also been taken from under the bark of chestnut, red oak, 
and cherry trees. According to Leng this species is found principally 
in the eastern part of the United States, but specimens in the national 
collection and in the collection of the Bureau of Entomology, Di- 
vision of Forest Insects, show that it occurs as far west as Indiana 
and Missouri. In the North, Aerinus is replaced by the closely 
allied genus Upis. 


GENERAL MORPHOLOGICAL DESCRIPTION OF THE LARVAE.” 


Length 40 mm., color testaceous with head somewhat darker, sub- 
mentum, presternum, prehypopleurum and anterior-lateral margin 
of the prothoracic tergum, castaneous-testaceous; anterior and pos- 
terior margins of prothorax and posterior margins of the following 
segments finely striated longitudinally. Surface coriaceous. Form 
elongate, cylindrical, about ten times longer than wide; dorsally con- 


10 The spines of the legs, while constant to a certain degree, sometimes vary in number 
and development in different specimens, and occasionally on opposite legs of the same 
specimens. 

1 Conforming with Doctor Bévying’s description of the larva of Embaphion muricatum 
(Journ. of Agri. Research, vol. 22, 1921, no. 6, ser. K., 103, pp. 323-334) to facilitate a 
comparison between the morphological structures of these two species, which represent 
the two distinct, but in many respects closely related subfamilies, Tenebrioninae and the 
Blaptinae. 


ART, 1 LARVAE OF AMERICAN TENEBRIONINAE—ST, GEORGE, 13 


vex, ventrally slightly flattened, pygidium, subtrapezoidal, apically 
bicornute. Head, thorax, and abdomen covered with pale, thin, 
reddish brown hairs. 

Cranium rounded, nutant, exserted, two-thirds broader than long 
(from epistomal margin (epi, fig. 3) to foramen occipitale), broadest 
medianly, dorsally somewhat convex. Anterior frontal angle ( fa) 
rounded. Frons (f) three-fourths the length of cranium, about half 
as long as wide, with extreme width anteriorly ; sides anteriorly and 
posteriorly convex, medianly concave; frons somewhat triangular, 
near the center two small circular impressions. Epicranial halves 
(epc) meeting dorsally ; epicranial suture about one-fourth the length 
of cranium; the halves ventrally separated by gula (qu, fig. 7) ; epi- 
cranium with evenly distributed thin setae. Gula distinct, coriaceous, 
barrel-shaped, with ventral tentorial pits (¢p) just below the middle 
of the side margins. Clypeus (cl, fig. 3) trapezoidal, widest behind, 
length to extreme width, one to three; medianly with a transverse 
deepening, set on each side with two well-developed setae near the 
lateral margin; anterior third testaceous, posteriorly castaneous-tes- 
taceous. Labrum (ad) well-developed, movable, transversely rec- 
tangular, a little more than twice as wide as long, anterior margin 
slightly crenate, anterior corners rounded; disk between the center 
and each lateral margin with two large setae,? the one nearer the 
margin a little more anteriorly placed; on the anterior half of the 
lateral margins and on the front margin a series of long, thin, slightly 
chitinized setae and between these many irregularly placed short, 
rigid setae; behind those on the anterior corner but on the ventral 
side of labrum, usually three shorter, stronger, curved setae. (Fig. 
1.) Ocelli composed of two groups on each side, just behind the outer 
antennal ring; both transverse, the anterior one composed of three, 
more or less fused lenses, the posterior one of two partly fused lenses; 
near ocelli a few slender setae. Antenna close behind the mandible, 
attached to distinctly colored rim below the dorsal mandibular fossa ; 
basal antennal membrane well developed, with posterior portion 
somewhat corneous; three articles; basal article clavate, about as long 
as clypeus; second article shorter than first, about as long as labrum, 
cylindrical; apical article very small, cylindrical, about one-third the 
length of the second, carrying one short seta; no supplementary ap- 
pendix from second article beside the apical article. Mandibles (figs. 
2 and 5) both alike, apically trifid (a?, a’, a), obtusely pointed, with 
the median tooth (a1) larger and longer; molar part (m) of right 
mandible with crown bearing four transverse somewhat arched ridges 
which fit into corresponding cavities of the left molar part; cutting 
part smooth, ventrally slightly excavated; exterior surface (“the 


4 These two setae occupy always the same position, while the number, size, and position 
of the rest of the labral setae vary somewhat according to different specimens, 


14 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 65. 


back of the mandible”), distally (¢) rounded above, without mar- 
gination, bearing a single weak seta on dorsal surface arising from 
slight excavation at base of apical teeth; proximally (p. fig. 5) 
(opposite the molar part) excavated, bearing two setae, a long thin 
one on dorsal surface above fossa and another short one on ventral 
surface near condyle. Maxilla dorsally almost completely covered by 
mandible, coriaceous; palpus surmounting mala (ma, fig. 7) with 
one-third of its own length; palpiger maxillae (pag) small, apically 
on outer side with semicircular chitinization, on inner side fused with 
stipes; three articles, basal article clavate, about one-third of the 
entire length of palpus, with minute seta near base on outer side; 
second article subequal with basal, cylindrical, bearing two thin setae 
anteriorly ; apical article, shorter than second, conical, with soft'tip, 
apically covered with minute tactile hairs; mala on dorsal (buccal) 
surface (ma, fig. 6) with a median longitudinal series of well-devel- 
oped somewhat curved setae and a corresponding series along the free 
margin, apically with a few strong setae beneath which extends an 
‘nner series of small, weak but distinct setae; mala on ventral (ex- 
terior) surface, (ma, fig. 7) apically bearing a few stiff setae. An- 
terior malar margin truncate, median emargination divided into two 
parts, inner part of which is chitinized and obtusely pointed; mala 
slightly concave on the inside, slightly convex on the outside. Stipes 
(sti) fused with mala; base of stipes (ba) near cardo articulation, 
narrowed, bearing a single, long, thin seta; proximal half of inner 
margin of stipes (%s,) connected with maxillary articulating area 
(ar), distal half (is,) immediately behind mala, free, bearing a short, 
weak seta near margin; just below palpiger, near exterior margin, 
three long, thin setae. Cardo (ca) about as long as maxillary palpus, 
entire, adjacent to curved hypostomal thickening (hyp) between fossa 
for ventral mandibular condyle (jm) and fossa for tip of cardo (fe) ; 
inner margin of cardo near center, with an indication of fusion with 
maxillary articulating area. Maxillary articulating area (ar) protu- 
berant, divided into halves; exterior half connected with maxilla, sub- 
divided into an upper and lower portion ; interior half connected with 
submentum, entire; no setae. Submentum (sz) distinct, trapezoidal, 
broadest posteriorly ; side margins slightly concave, near the middle 
of each, a long thin seta. Mentum (me) parrel-shaped, side margins 
free; on each side two long, thin setae. The two stipites labii (stla) 
fused into a slightly chitinized unit with a pair of long, thin setae. 
Labial palpus about half as long as maxillary palpus; two articles ; 
basal article cylindrical, slightly shorter than that of maxillary pal- 
pus; apical article conical, shorter than basal article, apex covered 
with minute tactile hairs. Ligula (li, figs. 6 and 7) of medium size, 
slightly broader than long, apically somewhat truncate, bearing 
several rather short, rigid setae along the front margin and on the 


ART, 1 LARVAE OF AMERICAN TENEBRIONINAE—ST, GEORGE, 15 


buccal surface.1% Hypopharyngeal sclerite ( Asc, figs. 4, 8, 13) sup- 
ported above the hypopharyngeal bracon (Abr) by a chitinous plate 
extending from the latter sclerite; nearly square, projecting, strong, 
heavily chitinized ; anteriorly tricuspidate; disk excavate, in center 
thinly chitinized. The hypopharyngeal bracon is a well-developed 
rod in the buccal membrane between the ventral mandibular articula- 
tions and the hypopharyngeal region; in the latter region the rod 
is heavily chitinized, and here somewhat fused with plate extending 
to the hypopharyngeal sclerite, near the former region slightly mem- 
branous. Epipharynx (ep, fig. 1) forming the buceal surface of Ja- 
brum, slightly coriaceous with a posterior, transverse, broad, sinuous, 
chitinous band, just behind which are two chitinous triedral projec- 
tions; on the slightly coriaceous part, anterior to the band, many 
short, rigid setae arranged in a somewhat semicircular manner about 
the chitinous band; medianly, near the anterior margin, a few scat- 
tered ring-shaped punctures. Legs well developed, surrounded at 
base by a large articulating area (ar). Prothoracic legs (figs. 14, 
16, and 17) considerably stronger than those of mesothorax and meta- 
thorax (fig. 22); coxae (cox) of the first pair attached so closely 
together that they are nearly contiguous at the base (fig. 20), nearly 
as long as wide, a few thin setae on exterior and interior surfaces, 
mostly along anterior margin near articulating membrane between 
coxa and trochanter; trochanter (tr), about as long as coxa, inner 
side distally with a callous wart, below which are usually four con- 
secutive spinelike projections or tubercles, each bearing short seta, 
near these a few thin setae; femur (fe), about as long as, and some- 
what wider than trochanter, armed with two spinelike, seta-bearing 
tubercles with a much smaller one near them, besides many strong 
scattered setae; tibia (¢2) slightly shorter and much thinner than 
femur, proportions about two to three, distally armed with three 
spinelike setae, besides many thin setae; tarsus (ta) a little more than 
half the length of tibia, claw-shaped and strong, basal portion en- 
larged,"* backward facing surface distally excavate, with proximal 
portion round, rather soft skinned, bearing a strong seta distally 
at base of excavation on either side. Second and third pairs of legs 
inserted farther apart than the first pair, but legs considerably 
thinner and not as long; the proportions of the articles also about 
the same as those of first pair, excepting the coxae which are nearly 
twice as long as wide. 

Presternal area (y, fig. 20), in the intersegmental region between 
head and prothorax, slightly chitinized, twice as wide as gula 375 


18 Ligula is conically pointed and apically set with one pair of long setae in Embaphion 
and also in certain species of Eleodes and in a few genera of Tenebrioninae. 

* Enlarged at base on exterior side more than that of Embaphion. 

1% Compare with Embaphion in which the united Presternal areas have nearly the same 
width as gula and are partly separated by the preeusternal subdivision of eusternum. 


16 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 65. 


anteriorly on each area with two minute hairs, and posteriorly below 
chitinizations with a long thin seta. Immediately below, and not 
separating the presternal areas, a suboval single area bearing two 
setae. This suboval area is a preeusternal subdivision of eusternum 
(peu). 

Ventral intersegmental region between prothorax and mesothorax 
and between mesothorax and metathorax, membranous, composed of 
distinct post-sternellar and preepipleural areas but with indistinct 
presternal areas.** 

Prothorax with eusternum (eu, fig. 20) large, subtriangular ; with 
prehypopleural chitinization (A,), large and strong, internally ad- 
jacent to ventral intersegmental region ; sternellum (stl), well de- 
veloped, somewhat smaller than eusternum, forming with eusternum 
a clepshydral region; poststernellum (z) transverse, somewhat 
spindled-shaped ; prothoracic tergal region (fig. 14) transverse, sub- 
quadrate, with anterior and posterior margins as mentioned above; 
just back of anterior margin and also near posterior margin, a trans- 
verse row of long, thin hairs, lateral margin with few scattered hairs. 
Mesothorax and metathorax with large subtriangular preeusternal 
regions (pew) bearing a few short hairs? and with V-shaped eu- 
sternal (pew) regions; near anterior part of prehypopleural chitiniza- 
tions (h) three small hairs; presternal areas not demarkated. Pre- 
hypopleural chitinizations (2) well developed ; posthypopleural chi- 
tinization (A,) very small, not to be confused with the adjacent 
rather large, oval chitinization in the articulating skin of the leg; 
coxae rather distant; sternellum anteriorly fused with eusternum; 
poststernellum of metathorax not present; preepipleurum of meso- 
thorax and metathorax (¢,) subtriangular, the former carrying first 
thoracic spiracle, the latter the rudimentary spiracle; median area 
of epipleurum (e¢) of both segments well developed, postepipleurum 
(e,) small; mesothoracie and metathoracic tergal shields (te, figs. 
14 and 20) transverse, subrectangular, about twice as wide as long, 
right behind anterior margin a dark serrated transverse line behind 
which a row of small oval elevations as long as the line, posterior 
margin with transversal band finely striated longitudinally; setae 
arranged as on prothoracic shield. 

The six anterior typical abdominal segments cylindrical, some- 
what wider than long, with fused sternal areas (ster) ; hypopleural 
region (Ap) indistinct; epipleural region (ep) narrow ; tergal region 
(ter) transverse, rectangular, having on the first abdominal segment 
right back of anterior margin, dark, serrated, transverse line 


(fig. 14) and behind this a row of elevations similar to those on the 


16 In Embaphion ventral intersegmental region is formed by distinct poststernellar, pre- 
epipleural, and presternal areas. : 
17In Embaphion preeusternal subdivision of eusternum small and indistinct. 


ART, 1 LARVAE OF AMERICAN TENEBRIONINAE—ST, GEORGE, Ly 


mesothorax and metathorax; on the second and third abdominal 
terga the serrated, transverse line is lacking but the elevations are 
present; on the rest of the terga both line and elevations are lack- 
ing; on the posterior margin of each tergum a faint transverse, 
longitudinally striated band; spiracles laterally placed, with faint 
horizontal line above. Setae scattered, rather soft, on sternal areas 
arranged in two transverse rows; on epipleura none; on terga, below 
spiracle a few scattered setae, above with two transverse series. The 
seventh and eighth abdominal segments are similar to the anterior 
ones but somewhat longer. The ninth abdominal segment (figs. 9, 
10, 12, 14) is somewhat smaller than the preceding segments; sternum 
soft, subtrapezoidal, widest anteriorly; tergum or pygidium, slightly 
raised longitudinally, apex bicornute ; proximally (anterior to cere) )', 
a pair of bifid seta-bearing spines, usually on either side and slightly 
anterior to these, another but much smaller pair; sometimes, about 
base of cerci, one or more minute seta-bearing spines; setae on ster- 
num arranged in two transverse series; on pygidium a continuous 
series along lateral and posterior-ventral margins, and two transverse 
series dorsally. The tenth abdominal or anal segment (figs. 10, 12, 
14), very small, with ventral lip inwardly faintly bilobed. Spiracles 
(fig. 11) annular, broadly oval, transversely placed, openings linear, 
unprotected by hairs at bottom of cup-shaped peritrema. 

General morphological description of pupa of Merinus laevis. 

Length 28 mm.; width of body 6 mm.; greatest width from knee to 
knee 9 mm. Color yellowish white; surface somewhat coriaceous; 
form elongate, subeylindrical, slightly arcuate; dorsally moderately 
depressed; head somewhat flexed against prosternum; appendages 
semitranslucent ; pygidium subtrapezoidal, apically bicornute. Head, 
thorax, with exception of elytra, and abdomen, sparsely haired. 

Head, concealed beneath prothorax (figs. 21, 23, 27) ; cranium con- 
vex, longer than wide (from clypeal margin to foramen occipitale) 
widest anteriorly, bearing a few weak hairs; frons, more or less dis- 
tinct (according to stage of development of pupa), transverse, about 
one-third as wide as long, separated from clypeus by a distinct 
transverse suture; between base of antenna and frons and fused with 
both, arises a conical projection, directed laterally; clypeus sub- 
trapezoidal, widest posteriorly, anteriorly indistinctly separated 
from labrum; along latter margin a transverse series of soft hairs ; 
labrum bent under, anterior margin bilobed; antenna curving back- 
ward against side of prothorax over profemora, at which point it is 


18 Wor the sake of convenient comparison, given in conformity with Doctor Blaisdell’s 
description of the pupa of Hleodes clavicornia Eschscholtz (U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 63, pp. 
500-501) of the Tenebrionid subfamily Blaptinae, which, as mentioned in footnote 11, 
is in many respects closely related to the Tenebrioninae. 


18 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 65. 


scarcely visible when viewed from below. Mandible apically chitin- 
ized, proximally with two short soft hairs, basally with a soft hair 
near each articulation. Pronotum convex, wider than long, sub- 
rectangular, anterior margin feebly and broadly emarginate, frontal 
angle rounded, side margins arcuate, posterior corners more angular, 
posterior margin broadly emarginate; all but part of posterior por- 
tion, covered with fine, short setae. Mesonotum, slightly convex, 
transverse, sparsely haired; elytral pads passing obliquely backward 
between tibia and tarsus of mesothoracic and metathoracic legs, api- 
cal fourth visible from beneath; scutellum trapezoidal, widest an- 
teriorly. Metanotum, a little longer than mesonotum, slightly sinu- 
ate behind; setae arranged as on mesonotum. 

Legs somewhat prominent laterally, not appressed against body, 
distinctly compressed, not very broad; tarsi separated from each 
other in median line, except the metatarsi which are in contact from 
base of metatarsus to claw; coxae and sterna visible in the median 
hne. 

Abdominal segments convex ventrally, less so dorsally ; first six 
terga transversely rectangular; seventh and eighth arcuate pos- 
teriorly; each tergum bearing two transverse rows of weak setae; 
lateral portion of terga of first seven abdominal segments produced 
into subrectangular, platelike processes.’® 

Lateral process of first abdominal tergum anteriorly (fig. 19) 
drawn out into a spur directed outward with tip chitinized, bearing 
at base a long, thin seta; medianly (m) deeply emarginate; posteri- 
orly (p) forming bifid spur directed laterally and with tip chitinized, 
base of anterior tooth (¢) bearing seta; second to sixth lateral proc- 
esses inclusive (figs. 24, 25), usually alike,” having anterior spur 
(a) bifid, with one tooth (¢) hooklike and directed inward and other 
tooth (¢) directed outward with seta at base, posterior spur (usually) 
bifid, directed posteriorly and with seta at base of tooth (¢) ; seventh 
process as sixth, except posterior spur (7, fig. 26) which is single 
with seta at base and is constant; eighth tergum (fig. 29) with plate- 
like processes reduced to two minute chitinous spines, one medianly 
(m) and one posteriorly placed ( p), each with a seta at base; ninth 
tergum or pygidium, subtrapezodial (figs. 28, 30) bearing apically 
two long, conical cerci, chitinized at tips and each bearing at base, 
on outer side, a short seta; ninth tergum medianly with two fleshy 
spinelike projections, the apices of which are bifid and chitinized; 
anterior margin of tergum concave, lateral margins slightly arcuate, 
Cae ee ae 


19 Blaisdell, in his description of the pupa of Eleodes dlavicornis, refers to these plate- 
like processes as arising from the pleurum. The author prefers to accept Schiodte’s view 
in which he refers to them as arising from the tergum. 

20 Sometimes the posterior spur may be single instead of bifid (p, fig. 24) on lateral 
process of second abdominal segment, or the opposite (t, fig. 26) on anterior spur of 
seventh segment. 


ART. 1 LARVAE OF AMERICAN TENEBRIONINAE—ST, GEORGE, 19 


posterior truncate; lateral margins bearing few short setae. Sterna 
of first six abdominal Segments (figs. 21 and 27) transversely rec- 
tangular, seventh and eight more arcuate posteriorly; ninth trans- 
verse, subtrapezoidal; tenth very small, tubular (fig. 30). First 
eight abdominal segments bearing two transverse rows of short, thin 
setae; ninth with three short setae on each lateroposterior margin; 
tenth without setae. Spiracles (fig. 21) annular, broadly oval. 


EXPLANATION OF PLATES. 


Figures drawn with aid of camera lucida by the author. All figures from 
1 to 30, inclusive, except 15 and 18, refer to Merinus laevis, the latter refer to 
Upis ceramboides. Figures 1 to 18, inclusive, 20, and 22 refer to the larvae; 
Figures 19, 21, and 23 to 30, inclusive, refer to the pupa; Figures 31 to 68, 
inclusive, refer to many different genera and species. 


PLATE 1, 


Fig. 1. Merinus laevis. Epipharynx (eph) and anterior margin of labrum. 
2. Merinus laevis. Dorsal side of right mandible; a1, a2, a3, the tricuspi- 
date apex;.m, molar part; ¢ rounded surface on exterior side of 

cutting edge; p, excavation opposite molar part. 

3. Merinus laevis. Head; lab, labrum ; cl, clypeus; fa, anterior angle 
of frons; epi, epistoma ; f, frons; epe, epicranium. 

4. Merinus laevis. Lateral] view of buccal cavity with mouth parts 
removed; cl, clypeus ; lab, labrum; eph, side of epipharhynx ; Ase, 
hypopharyngeal sclerite; oes, esophagus with entrance shown ; hor, 
hypopharyngeal bracon. 

5. Merinus laevis. Ventral side of left mandible. Explanation Same as 
for Figure 2. 

6. Merinus laevis. Maxillae seen from the buccal cavity ; hypopharyngeal 
region removed; ma, mala; li, dorsal (buccal) surface of ligula. 

7. Merinus laevis. Second and third mouth parts from ventral side; 
epe, epicranium; gu, gula; tp, ventral tentorial pit; sm, Submentum ; 
me, mentum ; stla, stipes labii; Ji, ligula ; hyp, hypostoma ; fm, fossa 
for ventral articulation of mandible; fe, fossa for cardo; ar, maxil- 
lary articulating area; ca, cardo; sti, stipes maxillaris; bs, base of 
Stipes; is, and is., inner margin of stipes; ma, mala maxillaris; 
pag, basal membrane of maxillary palpus. 

8. Merinus laevis. Hypopharyngeal region, esophagus and hypopharyn- 
geal bracon, corresponding to the piece removed from Figure 6, Ase, 
hypopharyngeal sclerite ; hor, hypopharyngeal bracon ; fm, mandibu- 
lar ventral fossa; oes, esophagus. 

9. Merinus laevis. Eighth and ninth terga; dorsal view. 

10. Merinus laevis. Ninth abdominal (“ pygidial ’’) Segment ; lateral view. 

11. Merinus laevis. First thoracic spiracle. 

12. Merinus laevis. Pygidium; ventral view ; IX, ninth abdominal (‘‘ py- 
gidial ’’) Segment; X, tenth abdominal (“ anal”) Segment, showing 
its upper lip; lower lip not visible. 

13. Merinus laevis. Hypopharyngeal region ; same structures as in Figure 
8 reversed; hse, base from which hypopharyngeal sclerite originates ; 
hor, hypopharyngeal bracon; fm, mandibular ventral fossa; oes, 
esophagus. 

14. Merinus laevis. Lateral view of larva. 


20 


Fic. 


Fig. 


15. 
16. 


at 
18. 
19. 


Zi. 
22. 
23. 
24. 


26. 


20. 
28. 
29. 


30. 


ol. 


30. 


34. 


3D. 


PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 65. 


PLATE 2. 


Upis ceramboides. Epipharynx (eph) and anterior margin of labrum. 

Merinus laevis. Right prothoracic leg, showing posterior face; coz, 
coxa; tr, trochanter ; fe, femur; ti, tibia ; ta, tarsus. 

Merinus laevis. Same leg as in Figure 16; anterior face; cox, coxa. 

Upis ceramboides. Right prothoracic leg; anterior face; cov, coxa. 

Merinus laevis. Pupa; lateral platelike processes of first abdominal 
segment; a, anterior spur; m, median emargination; P, posterior 
bifid spur; t, anterior tooth of posterior bifid spur. 


_ Merinus laevis. Larva; ventral view of part of head, of the thoracic 


segments and of the anterior portion of first abdominal segment ; 
epe. epicranium ; 9%, gula; y, presternum , peu, preeusternal subdivi- 
sion of eusternum ; et, eusternum ; stl, sternellum ; 2, poststernellum ; 
ar, articulating membrane of leg; /4, prehypopleurum ; Na, post- 
hypopleurum ; @, epipleurum ; &, preepipleurum ; €:, postepipleurum ; 
te, thoracic tergite; ster, sternal shield of abdominal segments ; hp. 
abdominal hypopleurum ; €P, abdominal epipleurum ; ter, abdominal 
tergite. 

Merinus laevis. Lateral view of pupa. ; 

Merinus laevis. Metathoracic right leg of larva; anterior face. 

Merinus laevis. Dorsal view of pupa. 

Merinus laevis. Pupa; lateral platelike process of second abdominal 
segment; 4, anterior spur; ™, median emargination; Pp, posterior 
spur; t, anterior tooth of spur; &, posterior tooth of spur. 


. Merinus laevis. Pupa; lateral process of sixth abdominal segment. 


Explanation of letters same as for Figure 24. 

Merinus laevis. Pupa; lateral process of seventh abdominal segment. 
Explanation of letters same as for Figure 24. 

Merinus laevis. Pupa; ventral view. 

Merinus laevis. Pygidium of pupa; dorsal view. 

Merinus laevis. Part of eighth tergite of pupa, showing lateral 
process reduced to two minute spines; ™, median spine; D2, posterior 
spine. 

Merinus laevis. Pygidium of pupa; ventral view; VIII, part of 
sternum of eighth abdominal segment ; IX, sternum of ninth abdomi- 
nal (‘ pygidial”’) segment; X, tenth (“anal’”’) abdominal segment. 


PLATE 38. 


Alobates pennsylvanica. Epipharynx (eph) and anterior margin of 
labrum. 


2 Alobates pennsylvanica. Dorsal side of left mandible; d:, @2, as, the 


tricuspidate apex; m, molar part; c, rounded surface on exterior side 
of cutting edge; e, excavation opposite molar part; f, additional tooth 
between apex and molar part on left mandible. 

Allobates pennsylvanica. Dorsal side of right mandible. Same ex- 
planation for letters aS on Figure 32. 

Allobates pennsylvanica. Right prothoracic leg, showing posterior 
face; cor, coxa; tr, trochanter ; fe, femur; ti, tibia; ta, tarsus.. 

Allobates pennsylwanica, Right mesothoracie leg, posterior face. See 
explanation of letters for Figure 34. 


ART, 1 


Fig. 36. 


37. 


38. 


39. 
40. 
41. 
42. 
43. 


44. 
45. 


47. 
48, 


49. 


50. 
ol. 


Fig. 52. 


53. 


o4. 


dO. 


56. 
57. 


58. 


LARVAE OF AMERICAN TENEBRIONINAE—ST. GEORGE, 91 


Undetermined species, Lateral view ; VIII, eighth abdominal segment, 
showing cp, conelike projections; 1X, ninth abdominal (“ pygidial ’’) 
sesment, showing bp, basal projections of cerci and cd, lateral articu- 
lating condyles; X, tenth abdominal (‘anal ”) segment, showing 
upper and lower lips. 

Undetermined species. Posterior view of same structures as in Figure 
36. Explanation same as for Figure 36. 

Haplandrus femorata. Wateral view ; VIII, eighth abdominal segment ; 
IX, ninth (“ pygidial ”) abdominal segment; X, tenth (“anal”) 
abdominal segment; bp, basal projections of cerci; ed, articulating 
eondyles. 

Haplandrus femorata. Posterior view of same strictures as in Figure 
38. Explanation same as for Figure 38. 

Haplandrus femorata. Lateral view of ninth abdominal (“ pygidial”’) 
segment. 

Haplandrus femorata. Posterior view of same structures as in Fig- 
ure 40. 

Iphthimus sublaevis. Right prothoracie leg, posterior face; cor, coxa. 

Iphthimus sublaevis. Mesothoracice leg, posterior face; cor, coxa. 

Iphthimus sublaevis. Lateral view of ninth abdominal segment. 

Scotobates calcarata. Lateral view of eighth, ninth, and tenth ab- 
dominal segments; X , tenth abdominal segment with upper and lower 
lips; aw, projected ambulatory wart. 


. Scotobates calcarata. Hypopharyngeal region, hypopharyngeal bracon 


and esophagus; hse, hypopharyngeal rite showing median pro- 
jection bifid at apex; hbr, hypopharyngeal bracon; fm, mandibular 
ventral fossa ; oes, esophagus. 

Scotobates calcarata. Right prothoracic leg; cox, coxa. 

Scotobates calcarata. Right mesothoracic leg, showing it nearly the 
same size as the prothoracie one. 

Tenebrio obscurus. Lateral view of pygidium. Explanation of letters 
Same as in Figure 45, 

Tenebrio obscurus. Pygidium, dorsal view. 

Tenebrio molitor. Dorsal view of left mandible; a’ and a’, the bicuspi- 
date apex; ¢, additional tooth near molar part; m, molar part; e, 
excavation opposite molar part; c, rounded surface on exterior side 
of cutting edge. 

PLATE 4. 


Neatus picipes. Pygidium; dorsal view. 

Neatus picipes. Dorsal view of left mandible. Explanation for letters 
as in Figure 51. 

Coelocnemis californica. Dorsal view of right mandible; @ and a’, the 
bicuspidate apex; t, additional tooth near apex; m, molar part; e, 
excavation opposite molar part; c, rounded surface on exterior Side 
of cutting edge. 

Coelecnemis californica. Dorsal view of ninth abdominal (“‘ pygidial ’’) 

segment. 

Rhinandrus sublaevis. Dorsal view of ninth abdominal segment. 

Rhinandrus sublaevis. Lateral view of ninth and part of tenth ab- 
dominal segment ; aw, ambulatory wart partly retracted. 

Rhinandrus sublaevis. Right prothoracic leg, posterior face; cor 
coxa. 


45554—25—Proe.N.M.vol.65——3 


22 


Via. 59. 


60. 


61. 


62. 


63. 


64. 


65. 


66. 
67. 


PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 65. 


Rhinandrus sublaevis. Right mesothoracic leg, posterior view 
Notice the difference in size between this leg and the prothoracic leg 
Figure 58. 

Rhinandrus sublaevis. Ventral view of right mandible; @* and a’, 
the bicuspidate apex; t, additional tooth near apex; m, molar part; 
e, excavation opposite molar part; 8, membranous elevation opposite 
molar part; ¢c, back with sharp margin of mandible opposite cutting 
part. 

Rhinandrus sublaevis. Dorsal view of right mandible. The mandible 
is old and worn, so that the apical teeth and molar part are not 
sharp as in Figure 60. Explanation of letters same as in Figure 60. 

Zophobas morio, Ventral view of right mandible; the back opposite 
the cutting part with round margin. Explanation of letters same 
as in Figure 60. 

Eleodes tricostat. Pygidium, dorsal view; apex acute. 

Eleodes tricostata. Ventral view of right mandible. Explanation of 
letters same as in Figure 60. 

Eleodes tricostata. Dorsal view of right mandible. Explanation of 
letters same as in Figure 60. 

Eleodes opaca, Pygidium, dorsal view, apex obtuse and rounded. 

EBleodes opaca. Lateral view; IX, ninth abdominal segment; X, tenth 
abdominal segment; aw, ambulatory wart. 


_ Eleodes carbonaria. Pygidium, dorsal view, apex obtuse and mu- 


cronate as in Blaps. 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 65, ART. | PL. | 


% $ VY 
odes PY 
Mi 


tae) | 
: ee | 





LARVAE OF TENEBRIONINAE 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PACE 19 


PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 65, ART. I PL. 2 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 





U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 65, ART. I PL. 3 





LARVAE OF TENEBRIONINAE. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGES 20 AND 21. 


PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 65, ART. | PL. 4 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 





LARVAE OF TENEBRIONINAE. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGES 21 AND 22. 


MIOCENE AND PLEISTOCENE CIRRIPEDIA FROM 
HAITI. 


By Henry A. Pirssry, 
Of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia. 


It is well known to workers on sessile barnacles that while the 
subgenera of the genus Balanus rest upon differences in the struc- 
ture of the walls and basis, the specific distinctions are mainly based 
upon the opercular plates. No species can be considered well estab- 
lished until these plates are known. Nevertheless, in dealing with 
forms of a restricted area it is not difficult to assort the specimens 
into species by characters of the walls alone, and to determine them 
if all described species of the region in question are accessible for 
comparison, either as specimens or represented by sufficient accounts 
of the wall characters. 

Thus, most or all of our American Tertiary Balani can be dis- 
tinguished from one another by characters of the walls. But part of 
them can not be compared with species of the European Tertiary 
which were defined by the opercular plates without regard to the 
internal structure of the wall plates. 


BALANUS, near EBURNEUS Gould. 


A small barnacle, about 11 mm. in greatest diameter. The plates 
of the wall are smoothish with broad radii, as in B. eburneus. The 
rostrum has 11 tubes. Except close to the base these are closely 
septate. The septa are closer than in any B. ebuwrneus examined, but 
in the absence of opercular plates the significance of this difference in 
a single specimen is doubtful. #2. eburneus has been found in 
Pleistocene deposits of the Panama Canal Zone. 

Station 9464 (W 151 F). Département de l’Ouest, north edge of 
Port au Prince, along road leading up to dwelling houses of the 
Haytian-American Sugar Co. From beds of Miocene age, 75 meters 
above sea level. One specimen, collected by W. P. Woodring. 

Cat. No. 352256, U.S.N.M. 


BALANUS CONCAVUS ESEPTATUS, new subspecies. 
Plate 1, figs. a, b. 
Conic or subcylindric barnacles of moderate size, similar to B. 


concavus pacificus so far as the walls are concerned. The parietes 
are smooth, radii wide with oblique summits. The parietal tubes 


No. 2515—PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. 65, ART. 2. 
1 


2 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 65. 


have no transverse septa; they are often wholly filled up in the 
fossils. In the largest specimens there are about 26 tubes in the 
rostrum. The basis is densely porcse, the pores septate towards 
the peripheral parts. Many specimens retain part of the color, 
being pink or clouded with pink. Opercular valves unknown. 

Carinorostral diameter 24 mm.; height 18 mm. 

This barnacle does not differ in the walls from B. concavus pacifi- 
cus, recent and Pleistocene in southern and Lower California; but 
as the several subspecies of B. concavus differ in the sculpture of 
the opercular valves, it is quite possible that these, when found, 
will show differences from the west coast form. At present the 
special name eseptatus is given to the Haitian form. Until the 
opercular valves can be examined, this seems less likely to lead to 
error than a provisional identification with the Californian B. c. 
pacificus. 

It differs from the Miocene subspecies of concavus from the 
Atlantic coastal plain and the Panama Canal Zone by various 
features of the walls, especially the entire absence of transverse 
septa in the parietal pores. 

Station 9464 (W 151 F). Département de l’Ouest, north edge 
of Port au Prince, along road leading up to dwelling houses of 
Haytian-American Sugar Co. From beds of Miocene age, 75 m. 
above the sea. Numerous specimens collected by W. P. Woodring. 

Type.—Cat. No. 352257, U.S.N.M. 


BALANUS POLYPORUS, new species 
Plate 1, fig. ¢. 


The walls are somewhat roughened but not ribbed, the radii wide. 
The parietal tubes are narrow and very numerous, 33 in the rostrum 
of the type, not transversely septate. The basis is calcareous, and 
where examined near the edge is not porose. 

In the type specimen the rostrum is notably longer than the other 
plates, as in Jf embranobalanus, bat this is doubtless merely an ac- 
cident of station. 

Carinorostral diameter 13 mm.; length of rostrum 17 mm. 

The numerous narrow and nonseptate tubes of the parietes differ- 
entiate this form from known American species; but as the opercular 
plates have not been obtained, its affinities are uncertain. Like all 
of the species treated in this paper, it belongs to the typical sub- 
genus of Balanus. 

Station 9750 (B 358 F). Miocene beds, same locality as 9464. One 
specimen collected by J. S. Brown, 

Type.—Cat. No. 352258, U.S.N.M. 





U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 65, ART. 2, PL 1 





BALANUS CONCAVUS ESEPTATUS AND B. POLYPORUS. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 3. 





ART. 2. FOSSIL CIRRIPEDIA FROM HAITI—PILSBRY. 3 
BALANUS AMPHITRITE Darwin. 


Two specimens without opercular plates agree with this species, 
which is abundant in the recent fauna, and has been found in the 
Caloosahatchie Pliocene. 

Station 9480 (K 2 F). Département de Ouest, road cut at foot 
of Morne & Bateau. Age of beds uncertain, possibly Pliocene or 
Pleistocene, rather than Miocene. W.S. Burbank, collector. 

Type-—Cat. No. 352259, U.S.N.M. 


EXPLANATION OF PLATE. 


Fics. a, b.—Balanus concavus eseptatus. Lateral view of the type. Rostral 
view of cotype, cut to show pores. X14. 
c.—Balanus polyporus. Wateral view of the type. X14. 


45554—25—Proc.N.M.vol.65——4 





A TERTIARY CRINOID FROM THE WEST INDIES. 


By Frank SprINGcER, 


Of the United States National Museum. 


In the year 1922 there were submitted to me by Dr. Wendell P. 
Woodring, of the Haitian Geological Survey, some fragmentary 
crinoidal remains discovered during a cooperative reconnaissance of 
the Republic of Haiti, which upon examination proved to belong to 
the pentacrinid genus Balanocrinus Agassiz in Desor. The fossils 
were derived from strata of early Miocene age in the interior of the 
island. 

The occurrence is of interest as being the second one of this genus 
recorded from North America, the first having been described by me 
in 1922 from Tamaulipas, Mexico, as Balanocrinus mexicanus, based 
upon material discovered by Dr. L. W. Stephenson, of the Geologi- 
cal survey.1. That species, however, is from Upper Cretaceous rocks, 
so that by the present occurrence the geological range of this Euro- 
pean genus in the Western Hemisphere is greatly extended. The 
known range of Balanocrinus in Europe is from Triassic to Miocene, 
most of the species having been described under the name Pen- 
tacrinus. The latest occurrence there is in the upper Helvetian of 
the middle Miocene in Piedmont, Italy, evidenced by stems described 
by Noelli in 1900 as Pentacrinus lorioli? and referred by Bather to 
Balanocrinus in the Zoological Record for 1900 (p. 143). 


The beds in which the crinoid remains under consideration were 
found belong to the Artibonite formation of the lower Miocene, 
equivalent to the lower part of the Yaque group of the Dominican 
Republic. This has been correlated by Cooke and Vaughan with 
the Burdigalian of the European time divisions.* A full account 
by Messrs. Woodring, Brown, and Burbank of the Tertiary strati- 
graphy of Haiti, containing a notation of the present discovery, 
will appear in a forthcoming report.‘ 


1 Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 61, art. 5, pp. 1-4. 

2? Contribuzione allo studio dei Crinoidi Tertiari del Piemonte, Atti. Soc. Ital. Sci. Nat., 
vol. 39, 1900, p. 28, pl. 1, figs. 33, 34. See also Bather, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, 
vol. 20, Dec. 1917, p. 405. 

® Geological Reconnaissance of the Dominican Republic Memoirs, vol. 1, 1921, pp. 57, 
65, and 96. 

“Geology of the Republic of Haiti: Republic of Haiti Geol. Survey (awaiting publica- 
tion). 





No. 2516—PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VoL. 65, ART. 3. 
1 


2 PROCEEDINGS Of THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 65. 


The history and characters of the genus Balanocrinus have been 
exhaustively discussed by Dr. F. A. Bather, of the British Museum, 
in connection with a rediscription of the two leading species from 
the middle and upper Eocene of the London clay and the Num- 
mulitic beds of Biarritz, France;* and reference should be had to 
this important paper for the fullest information upon the subject. 

The Haitian material consists of 24 stem-fragments, ranging from 
a maximum length of 41 mm. down to short pieces of only two or 
three columnals. The longer pieces from 25 to 41. mm. in length 
have 9, 10, 11, 12, 14, and 16 columnals, the number 14 being the 
most frequent. It seems probable that some of these represent com- 
plete internodes, or intersyzygia, although in none of them are two 
terminal syzygial faces perfectly shown. The preservation of the 
specimens is mostly rather poor, the surfaces being more or less 
covered with carbonate of iron and the edges at the joints often 
considerably frayed; but enough remain intact in several instances 
to disclose the joint faces characteristic of the genus. 

Comparison is naturally suggested with the Italian species of 
nearly equivalent horizon, but in order to establish the record it 
will be best first to describe the Haitian form as a new species, 


BALANOCRINUS HAITIENSIS, new species. 


Plate 1, figs. 1-10a. 


Known only from stem-fragments. One of the two longest is 41 
mm. in length, tapering from 7 to 6 mm. in diameter, composed of 
16 columnals averaging about 2.5 mm. in height (fig. 1); this prob- 
ably embraces a complete internode, of which the terminal ossicles at 
either end were cirrus bearing, the evidence of which is obscure, but 
is reinforced by comparison with the syzygial face in some other 
specimens. Another of nearly the same length (fig. 8) contains 12 
columnals 8.5 to 9 mm. in diameter; averaging 3 mm. high, plus a 
lower one at each end; one of these is clearly the epizygal, having 
two cirrus-facets at adjacent radii pointing obliquely upward (drawn 
with this end uppermost for better lighting), and faint indication 
of a third one opposite to these two; the corresponding columnal 
at the other end shows indistinct traces of three cirrus facets alter- 
nately placed. Two other pieces (not figured), 389 and 35 mm. in 
height, have 16 and 14 columnals, respectively, of which the terminal 
faces may be syzygial, thus giving 14 and 12 ossicles to the internode; 
these terminal ossicles seem rather shorter than the others, but 
cirrus-facets are not seen. A fifth piece of 33 mm. in length has 14 





5 British Fossil Crinoids, XI, Balanocrinus of the London Clay. Ann, and Mag. Nat. 
Hist., ser. 8, vol. 20, Dec. 1917, pp. 385-407. 


ART. 3, TERTIARY CRINOID FROM WEST INDIES—SPRINGER. 3 


columnals, of which the upper one, with the radial structures much 
injured by corrosion, may be a nodal, but no facets are visible (figs. 
4, 4a). In this specimen it is seen how the radial ridges have been 
partly decomposed, leaving the petal floors between them promi- 
nently preserved. This condition is further shown in Figure 6a, 
where the ridges are destroyed and the resulting pentamerism is 
emphasized. In Figures 4, 5, and 6 the effect of weathering and 
decomposition upon the sides of the stem is shown, producing more 
or less longitudinal projections, in some rounded and in some 
angular. Figures 2 and 3 show the distortion of the columnals by 
crushing. 

All the stem-fragments in their normal condition, that is, when 
unaffected by weathering, crushing, or chemical action, are strictly 
cylindrical in outline. The slightly quinquelobate aspect on some 
of the joint faces is due to peripheral abrasion along the weaker 
radial lines at the edge of the sectors. The stems range from 6 to 
9 mm. in diameter, with about 8 mm. preponderating. The side 
faces are invariably smooth except where injured, as shown in several 
figures. 

Returning, now, to the cirrus-facets, we are fortunate in having 
one specimen in which they are very plainly shown upon the syzy- 
gial face of one of the nodal segments, which I suppose to be the 
epizygal (figs. 9, 9a). They are three in number, two at adjacent 
radii and the third directly opposite these two, leaving the space at 
the intervening radii blank. They stand obliquely to the syzygial 
face, projecting somewhat from its general level, and their position 
is marked by obtuse ridges diminishing inward and engaging with 
corresponding depressions in the apposed face of the contiguous 
nodal segment. In another specimen, not figured, similar facets of 
the same number and position are faintly indicated. The two facets 
shown in Figure 8, with a third one opposite to them obscurely seen 
but not visible in the figure, are similarly disposed. Therefore 
upon the concurrent evidence of three specimens it may be fairly 
assumed that the normal number of cirri in this species is three to 
a nodal, distributed according to the definite plan described by Doctor 
Bather in his paper of 1917 (p. 396) as “not (all) adjacent, but one 
is opposed to the two others, being separated from them on each 
side by a blank radius . . . symbolized thus: 

AM be br eDr es 

He shows how the cirrus-facets alternate upon successive nodals, 
and the same thing probably happens here, there being, as already 
stated, some evidence of such an alternation in the facets on the 
terminal nodals in Figure 8. The cirrus-facets are extremely small 
compared with the size of the stem, not over half the height of the 
nodal pair, thus resembling those of the Eocene species, B. sub- 


+ PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 65. 


basaltiformis as figured by E. Forbes.* They are in marked con- 
trast to those of the enormous cirri of B. mexicanus,' in which the 
cirrus-facets fill almost the entire height of the combined nodals. 
In none of the specimens is any portion of the cirrus itself pre- 
served. 

The normal joint-face in nearly all the specimens is so much 
decomposed that the details of structure are usually obliterated, but 
as before there is fortunately one specimen in which these are well 
preserved, showing distinctly the unmistakable characters of Bala- 
nocrinus (figs. 10, 10a). The petaloid sectors are thoroughly well 
marked; the floors, or ligament fossae, are large, obtusely triangular, 
considerably depressed, or excavate. In each sector there are about 
10 peripheral crenellae at right angles to the periphery, with usually 
another one at either side next to the radius not reaching the pe- 
riphery, which according to Bather’s terminology would be called 
adradials, thus making 12 crenellae in all; they are short, those 
which are strictly peripheral being about one-forth the length of the 
radius, here again contrasting with those of B. mextcanus, in which 
the length of the crenellae is from one-third to two-thirds that of 
the radius. On the syzygial face the crenellae are shorter, but ap- 
parently somewhat less in number (fig. 9a). In other specimens 
the narrow radial ridges are conspicuous, straight, apparently sep- 
arated by the radial canal, but perhaps partly confluent (figs. 
4a, 5a). The axial canal is apparently round, and the lumen very 
small. 

The species with which comparison is invited is the one from the 
later middle Miocene horizon of Italy, already mentioned, Balano- 
crinus lorioli of Noelli. It is described from three stem fragments, 
of which two are figured, respectively 17 and 8 mm. in length, about 
6 mm. in diameter, with 9 and 4 columnals about 2.5 mm. in height. 
The columns are said to be subpentagonal, and have exteriorly some 
longitudinal furrows, with one or more rows of small pores alternat- 
ing with them, some of which may be exposed by weathering. Two 
normal joint faces are figured, both obscure in details of structure. 
According to the text each petal has 7 to 10 crenulae (denti) at the 
periphery. The differences shown by comparison of stem fragments 
alone are therefore of rather minor importance, not greater than 
might be found in different parts of the same stem. However, we 
have to make the best of such evidence as we have, considering the 
rarity and imperfection of the specimens. 

That which does give to our species a very special interest is the 
fact that its occurrence in the Miocene of the West Indies furnishes 


® Monog. Tertiary Echinod, Palacontogr. Soc., 1852, pl. 4, figs. 8, 9, 10. 
™ Proc. U..S. Nat. Mus., vol.. 61, 1922, pl. 1. 


ART, 8. TERTIARY CRINOID FROM WEST INDIES—SPRINGER. 5 


a notable addition to the extremely small number of Tertiary crinoids 
that are known. When we consider the vast extent of Eocene and 
Miocene sedimentaries of marine origin in Europe, Asia, Africa, 
Australia, the United States, West Indies, Central and South Amer- 
ica, many of them thousands of feet in thickness and richly fossil- 
iferous, abounding in crustaceans, corals, mollusks, and other or- 
ganisms everywhere associated with crinoids, in ages preceding the 
Tertiary as well as in the present seas, it is remarkable how few are 
the remains of crinoids which they have yielded. About 40 species, 
embraced in 8 or 9 genera, will cover all that have been described, 
most of them from very imperfect material, such as isolated colum- 
nals of pentacrinites and centrodorsals of comatulids, among which 
are doubtless a number of synonyms. Well-preserved specimens, 
such as are so frequent in the Jurassic and Cretaceous, are almost 
unknown in the Tertiary, about all we know of the crinoid life of 
that age being derived from the fragmentary remains above men- 
tioned, and even these are of rare occurrence. 

Of the restricted number of species hitherto known, only a single 
one has been derived from American rocks, namely, the cup of a 
small comatulid belonging to the Thalassometrinae from the Eocene 
of North Carolina, described by Emmons? as Microcrinus conoideus. 
A few other fragmentary remains, not hitherto noted or described, 
occur in the same beds, and specimens of a species of a comatulid, 
Nemaster, have been found in the Eocene of South Carolina—all 
fragmentary and extremely rare amid a profusion of other fossils. 

Therefore the present species coming from the West Indies is 
the first stalked crinoid of Tertiary age to be described from the 
Western Hemisphere. To it will be added another occurrence prob- 
ably of the same genus, from the island of Tierra del Fuego, which 
Doctor Bather informs me he will shortly describe. 

Recent investigations in the West Indies and Panama ?® have shown 
an extraordinary development of marine Tertiary formations, espe- 
cially in the Haitian and Dominican Republics, which in places 
aggregate as much as 1,200 to 2,400 meters in thickness, in many 
places filled with fossils. Yet out of the extensive collections made 
during these researches and those previously made by other geologists 
the 24 fragments upon which this species is based, from a single lim- 
ited locality, represent all the fossil crinoid remains that have been 
reported from the West Indies and adjacent lands, a region in the 
waters of which they are now quite plentiful, amounting as thus 





8 North Carolina Geological Survey, 1858, p. 311, figs. 246, 247. 

° Vaughan, T. W.. Contributions to the Geology and Paleontology of the Canal Zone, 
Panama, and geologically related areas in Central America and the West Indies, 1919. 
Bulletin 103, U. S. National Museum. 


6 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 65. 


far described to 51 species, distributed among 31 genera, of which 
12 species, belonging to 8 genera, are of the stalked type.*° 

The crinoids existed in the Mesozoic in great profusion, their fossil 
remains having been found to the number of upward of 400 de- 
scribed species, belonging to more than 40 genera, many of them per- 
fectly preserved and some of cosmopolitan distribution; while in 
contrast to the scant 40 species known from the Tertiary there are 
now described from existing seas 576 species of crinoids, belonging 
to 142 genera, of which 76 species, of 22 genera, are of the stalked 
variety. ‘The question naturally arises, what became of the crinoids 
in the meantime ? 

The scarcity of crinoids in the Tertiary, and the fragmentary con- 
dition of their remains, is indeed surprising when compared with 
their relative abundance in the Jurassic and Cretaceous and also in 
the recent seas. And yet if the present reefs and beaches were 
known only in a fossil condition we should find exactly the same 
state of affairs. 

The marine Tertiary sedimentaries are composed chiefiy of littoral 
and reef materials, laid down in shallow seas. The fossils which 
abound in them belong mostly to organisms of which the hard parts 
are firmly constructed and capable of enduring the effect of shore 
action. The crinoids of Cenozoic time, on the other hand, are 
delicately organized and of fragile construction, so that with a few 
exceptions like Holopus they are broken up with the least disturb- 
ance. 

When a comatulid dies—and comatulids are extremely sensitive— 
it at once disintegrates, and the only recognizable portion that re- 
mains is the radial pentagon with the controdorsal, or either of the 
two alone. 

The reefs of to-day support a crinoid fauna of approximately 245 
species, all of the comatulid type. Most of these are very local, 
occurring only in a few limited regions, and many are very rare. 
In the Caribbean region, where in the deeper waters crinoids are 
often abundant, the shore line records are: 

Nemaster grandis A. H. Clark: “ Mexico,” 1758. Nemaster iowen- 
sis (Springer): Tortugas, 1893; Bahamas. Antedon diibenii 
Bohlsche: St. Thomas, about 1850. Cenocrinus asteria (Linnaeus) : 
Barbados, about 1870. Holopus rangii D’Orbigny: Barbados, 6 
records; ? Bermuda. Democrinus rawsonii (Pourtales): Guade- 
loupe. 

A recent reef if fossilized might show, as extremely rare objects 
confined to a very few closely circumscribed localities, the radial 





10See Austin H. Clark, 1921. Report on the Crinoids collected by the Barbados- 
Antigua Expedition from the University of Iowa, in 1918. University of Iowa studies in 
Natural History, vol. 9, No. 5, pp. 12-14. 


ART, 3. TERTIARY CRINOID FROM WEST INDIES—SPRINGER. 7 


pentagons and centrodorsals of comatulids. Such remains have ac- 
tually been found at Newcastle, New South Wales, Singapore, Ta- 
ranto, and on the coast of Kent in England. 

Not far below the surface in a few widely separated localities 
live large pentacrinites, Zolopus, and Democrinus. 

The crowns of the pentacrinites are almost as fragile as the coma- 
tulids, and very soon go to pieces, while the arms of Democrinus are 
extremely fragile, and the column is rather brittle. 

Since Dr. W. B. Carpenter reported that once after a hurricane 
the beach at Barbados was strewn with pentacrinites of all sizes, 
and 7 of the 11 known specimens of Holopus rangii were found on 
the beach (6 of them at Barbados), and the first known species of 
Democrinus was described from a recent breccia at Guadeloupe con- 
taining a human skeleton, it follows that a recent reef if fossil might 
contain fragments of pentacrinite stems, fragments of Democrinus 
stems, or well-preserved specimens of /Tolopus. 

As the foregoing sketch gives a fairly complete survey of what 
we might expect if the present reefs and beaches were known only 
as fossil strata, we may hazard the assumption that the scarcity of 
crinoids in the Tertiary means nothing more nor less than that at 
that time the crinoids first began to exist chiefly under the conditions 
delimiting their occurrence at the present time. 

Horizon and locality.—Artibonite formation, lower Miocene, Ter- 
tiary. Divide on trail between La Chapelle and Mirebalais. Re- 
public of Haiti. Collected by J. S. Brown, December 18, 1920. 
U.S. Geological Survey loc. No. 9494. 

Type.—In U.S. National Museum, Cat. No. 352556. 


EXPLANATION OF PLATE. 
All figures are enlarged about two diameters. 
Balanccrinus haitiensis new species. 
Lower Miocene. Island of Haiti. 


Fig. 1. The longest stem-fragment, about 41 mm., with a longitudinal row of 
irregular pits along the radial line due to erosion or chemical action, 

Fies. 2, 3. Specimens showing distortion of the stem produced by crushing, 
the first having probably a cirrus-facet preserved. 

Fies. 4, 4a. Two views of a stem-fragment with the convex edge of some petals 
exposed by erosion at the side and top, and at the latter the remnant of what 
is probably the normal joint-face with the radial ridges much eroded, leav- 
ing petal floors rounded and prominent; only faint traces of crenulae remain. 

Fics. 5, 5a. Side and terminal views of a stem-fragment with sides eroded 
along longitudinal radial lines, leaving the interradial sectors convex; the 
upper face being possibly a syzygial joint, with obscure traces of cirrus- 
facets, the radial ridges rounded and their bordering furrows distinctly out- 
lined ; some peculiar striae are seen in two of the petal areas. 


8 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 65. 


Figs. 6, 6a. Side and terminal views of a stem-fragment altered somewhat 
like the last, but in which the radial structures have been destroyed by 
chemical action, leaving the more substantial petal sectors strongly outlined, 
but without trace of crenellae. 

(1c. 7. A stem with smooth, unaltered sides, except near the upper end, where 
there is the remnant of a cirrus-facet. 

Fre. 8. A smooth stem with probably a nodal columnal at each end. Two 
cirrus-facets are clearly shown at the upper face, at adjoining radii. 

Fics. 9, 9a. Two views of an unaltered stem-fragment, with the epizygal at 
the top (so posed in photographing for better lighting of the structures), 
showing 8 cirrus-facets well preserved, oblique to the general surface, two 
at adjoining radii, and the third one opposite, leaving the two intervening 
radii blank. The peripheral crenellae are distinct in some parts of this face, 
but no trace of radii can be seen upon it. 

Fics. 10, 104. Two views of a fragment consisting of two columnals, on one 
of which the normal joint-face is in good condition. The petal floors are 
depressed, as usual in the genus, the radial ridges slightly elevated between 
them, indented with faint narrow canals leading to the radial center; the 
peripheral crenellae are distinct, 10 or 12 in number to the sector, with the 
outer pair next to the radii slightly receding from the margin. 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 55, ART. 3 PL. 1 





A NEw TERTIARY CRINOID FROM THE WEST INDIES 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGES 7 AND 8 


SOME NEW PARASITIC HYMENOPTERA WITH NOTES 
ON SEVERAL DESCRIBED FORMS. 


By A. B. Gawan, 
Of the Bureau of Entomology, United States Department of Agriculture. 


In this paper will be found descriptions of nine new species of 
Chalcidoidea and two new species of Serphoidea together with notes 
on synonymy, distribution and hosts of several described species. 
The new species described include one species from Japan and two 
species from Panama, the remainder being from the United States. 


Superfamily CHALCIDOIDEA. 
Family ENCYRTIDAE. 


PLAGIOMERUS CYANEA (Ashmead). 


Comys cyanea ASHMEAD, Ent. Amer., vol. 4, 1898, p. 17. 
EHucomys cyanea Datua Torre, Cat. Hymen., vol. 5, 1898, p. 239. 
Habrolepis cyanea ASHMEAD, Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., vol. 12, 1900, p. 404. 

This species belongs in the genus Plagiomerus Crawford and is 
very similar to the genotype species, P. diaspidis Crawford, if not 
identical with that species. 

Only the type specimen is known. This specimen differs from 
typical diaspidis by having the mesoscutum strongly metallic blue in 
color instead of bronzy black and the hairs of mesoscutum appear 
paler in color and somewhat more numerous. Otherwise they appear 
to be alike. 


CHEILONEURINUS MICROPHAGUS (Mayr). 


Chetloneurus microphagus Mayr, Verh. zool. bot. Ges. Wien, vol. 25, 1875, 
p. 745. 

Cheiloneurus diaspidinarum Howarp, Ins, Life, vol. 7, 1894, p. 256. 

Aphidencyrtus aspidioti GirauttT, Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer., vol. 8, 1915, p. 283. 

Aphidencyrtus aspidioti, var. brittanicus GirRaAuLtT, Entomologist, vol. 48, 
1915, p. 217 (female). 

Cheiloneurinus microphagus (Mayr) Mercer, Faun. Iber., Encirtidos, 1921, 
p. 647. 


The United States National Museum has recently received through 
an exchange with Garcia Mercet a female specimen from Fuenter- 
rabia, Spain, determined by Mercet as Cheiloneurinus microphagus 





No. 2517.—PRocEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. 65, ART. 4. 
i 


2 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 65. 


(Mayr). Mercet’s identification of the species is based upon a sup- 
posed Mayr cotype and should be correct, although, as Mercet has. 
pointed out, the cotype differs from Mayr’s description in the color 
of the wings. 

As determined by Mercet the species is undoubtedly identical with 
Cheiloneurus diaspidinarum Howard, Aphidencyrtus aspidioti Gi- 
rault, and A phidencyrtus aspidioti, var. brittanicus Girault. 

Howard’s description of Cheiloneurus diaspidinarum was drawn 
from two females (only one of which can now be located) reared. at 
Liberty, South Carolina, from Lepidosaphes ulmi Linnaeus. 

Aphidencyrtus aspidioti Girault was described from three females 
said to have been reared from Aspidiotus perniciosus Comstock at 
Lansing, Michigan. Only the type slide bearing a single female 
has been located. The variety brittanicus was described from three 
females, two of which are in the National Collection on a single slide, 
and which were reared at Manchester, England, by A. D. lnms from 
Lepidosaphes ulmi. 

Tn connection with the description of Aphidencyrtus aspidioti, var. 
brittanicus, Girault mentioned specimens which he stated were ap- 
parently the males. Two slides bearing the name in Girault’s hand- 
writing and data similar to that of the type are in the national col- 
lection and undoubtedly constitute the material referred to by 
Girault. Both specimens are males of Anabrolepis zetterstedte 
(Westwood) and will be further discussed under that species. 

Besides the specimens already mentioned, the national collection 
contains eight card mounted females from the same source as the type 
material of Girault’s variety brittanicus but not part of the type ma- 
terial and three females labeled “ Par. of A/ytilaspis sp. and Aspidio- 
tus spurcatus, Pontvalains, Sarthe, France (P. Marchal).” Also a 
single female reared from the rose scale (Diaspis rosae) from Stan- 
ford University, California, by R. W. Doane. 


ANABROLEPIS ZETTERSTEDTII (Westwood). 


Encyrtus zetterstedtii WEstwoop, Philos. Magaz., vol. 10, 1837, p. 440. 

Habrolepis zetterstedtii Mayr, Verh. zool. bot. Ges. Wien, vol. 25, 1875, 
p. 752. 

Habrolepis zetterstedtii ASHMEAD, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 12, 1900, p. 
404. 

Aphidencyrtus aspidioti, var. brittanicus GrrauLtt, The Ent., vol. 48, 1915, 
p. 217 (male, in discussion). 

Aphidencyrtus aspidioti Grrautt, Psyche, vol. 24, 1917, p. 95 (misidenti- 
fication of male). 

Anabrolepis zetterstedtii TIMBERLAKE, Proc. Haw. Ent. Soc., vol. 4, 1920, 
p. 482, 

Habrolepis zetterstedtii Grrauttr, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 58, 1920, p. 
189. . 

Habrolepis zeiterstedtii Mercer, Fauna Iberica, Himenopteros, Fam. En- 
cyrtidos, 1921, p. 678. 


arr. 4. NEW PARASITIC HYMENOPTERA—GAHAN. 3 


Two females determined by J. C. Crawford as this species are in 
the National Museum, reared by A. D. Imms at Manchester, Eng- 
land, from Lepidosaphes ulmi (Linneaus). I can see no reason to 
doubt the correctness of the determination. These specimens 
were apparently reared from the same material as were the 
types of Aphidencyrtus aspidioti, var. brittanicus Girault, which 
species (as represented by the female type) has been shown to be 
a synonym of Cheiloneurinus microphagus (Mayr) (ante p. 2). 
Two males from the same source which are in the National Museum 
and which were described by Girault as apparently the males of his 
var. brittanicus are, however, undoubtedly males of Anabrolepis 
zetterstedtii instead. Four females in the National Collection labelled 
“Par. of Mytilaspis sp. & Aspidiotus spurcatus, Pontvalains, Sarthe, 
France, P. Marchal” and which have been previously determined, 
apparently by Ashmead, as Habrolepis dalmani (Westwood) are 
not that species but belong, in my opinion, to the present species. 

The species has been recorded from North America by Ashmead 
(1900) and again by Girault. Ashmead did not indicate the source 
of his specimens, which have not been located. Girault (1917) re- 
corded two males reared from Lepidosaphes ulmi at Monmouth, 
Maine, under the name of Aphidencyrtus aspidioti. Again (1920) 
he recorded a female from the same host and locality under the name 
Habrolepis zetterstedtii. Girault’s specimens, like those of Ashmead, 
are missing, but there can be little doubt that the males referred to 
in the first reference are really the same species as the female sub- 
sequently recorded, and the identification of the female was probably 
correct. 

In addition to the above records the writer has seen two females 
labeled as having been reared at Columbus, Ohio, by Robert A. 
Young from Diaspis ostreaeformis. These bear the name label Ha- 
brolepis dalmani, but appear to be zetterstedtiz. A single male 
specimen was recently received from J. McDunnough, of the Cana- 
dian Department of Agriculture, and which was reared at Vernon, 
British Columbia, from Lepidosaphes ulmi. 

Timberlake (1920) has transferred the species to his new genus 
Anabrolepis, where it apparently belongs. 


Family EUPELMIDAE. 
Genus LECANIOBIUS Ashmead. 


Lecanviobius ASHMEAD, Proc. Ent. Soe. Wash., vol. 4, 1896, p. 17. 
Zalophothrix CrawFrorD, Proe. Ent. Soe. Wash., vol. 9, 1908, p. 156. 
Female.—Head viewed from above strongly transverse, as wide as 
or wider than the thorax; occiput immargined; posterior orbits 
rather narrow and receding from the eye-margin; ocelli distant from 


4 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 65. 


the eye and arranged in a low triangle; front ocellus above the an- 
tennal groove; viewed from in front the head is broader than high, 
antennae inserted a little below the lower extremities of the eyes, 
widely separated at base, the antennal grooves deep and carinately 
margined, converging above but not confluent being separated above 
by a sharp carina; lateral margins of the antennal grooves higher 
than the inner margins and forming, laterad of the antennal fossae, 
a prominent ledge which curves outward to meet the eye-margin at 
or near the lower extremity of eye; scape reaching to the front ocellus, 
curved; flagellum gradually increasing in thickness from pedicel to 
club; the club obliquely truncate; eyes moderately large, and very 
faintly pubescent ; mandibles tridentate; mesoscutum concave behind, 
the lateral lobes longitudinally carinate posteriorly; axillae narrowly 
separated; scutellum convex, rounded behind with a distinct median 
longitudinal crest of black bristles; marginal vein shorter than the 
submarginal; stigmal and postmarginal subequal and each approxi- 
mately one-third as long as marginal; disk of forewing densely cili- 
ated with a transverse fuscous band; front femora distinctly swollen, 
subtriangular in outline, broadest between middle and apex; middle 
femora broad, concave beneath; middle tarsi moderately swollen and 
spined beneath; hind femora not much swollen, their tibiae com- 
pressed into a sharp carina behind and bicalcarate; abdomen ovate, 
not longer than the thorax, the tergites not incised at apex and the 
ovipositor not or barely exserted. 

Male.—Unknown. 

The above generic description is drawn from the Ashmead and 
Crawford types and the new species described below. Only two 
species are known, cockervelli Ashmead and the new species. Both 
species are, so far as known, neotropical in distribution. Crawford? 
has already pointed out that his species, Zalophothrix mirum, is a 
synonym of Lecaniobius cockerelli Ashmead. 


LECANIOBIUS CAPITATUS, new species. 


This species is at once distinguished from cockerelli by the fact 
that the head, as viewed from in front, is not nearly twice as broad 
as high, although distinctly broader than high; the area between the 
inner eye-margin and the margin of scrobe is nearly as broad at the 
lower extremity of the eyes as at the upper angle of the scrobe in- 
stead of much narrowed below; in dorsal aspect the head is more 
strongly transverse, the frons much less flattened and more nearly 
perpendicular; the antennal scape is longer, about six times as long 
as thick; the general color is much darker. 

Female.— Length 2.75 mm. Head finely and nearly uniformly 
shagreened and with conspicuous white pubescence, except on the 


1Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 41, 1911, p. 275. 


ART. 4. NEW PARASITIC HYMENOPTERA—GAHAN. 5 


cheeks and behind the eyes, where the sculpture is more reticulate 
and the pubescence confined to the upper portion being especially 
dense along the eye-margin; whole mesoscutum strongly pubescent, 
the median lobe densely punctate, lateral lobes on outer face a little 
less strongly sculptured, and the concave posterior portion rather 
weakly sculptured; scutellum very finely reticulated and opaque 
and for the most part without pubescence; axillae opaquely punc- 
tate and pilose; propodeum weakly sculptured and without pubes- 
cence except at the lateral angles which are pilose; mesopleura with 
fine shallow sculpture, destitute of pubescence on the greater part of 
the mespimeron but strongly pubescent anteriorly and ventrally, with 
an oblique stripe of very dense white pile extending from beneath 
the anterior wings to the front coxae; legs conspicuously hairy, the 
hind coxae outwardly above and below densely clothed with white 
pile; abdomen weakly sculptured all over, bare above but conspicu- 
ously hairy beneath. Head black with a slight bluish metallic tinge 
on frons, the lower part of face and cheeks and the antennal grooves 
within ferruginous; scape ferruginous, the flagellum brownish black, 
more or less tinged with ferruginous beneath; thorax mostly black, 
faintly tinged with bronzy above, more strongly metallic beneath; 
prothorax, except sternum, ferruginous; scutellum brownish ferru- 
ginous at base; legs bronzy black, the anterior and middle trochan- 
ters and femora beneath and the front tibiae on the inner side more 
or less dark ferruginous, the middle femora above with a white spot 
at the anterior apical angle; middle tibial spur pale ferruginous; all 
tarsi dark brown, spines on under side of middle tarsi black; fore- 
wing medially with a broad blackish transverse band of dark col- 
ored cilia which is margined proximally and distally by a narrow 
contrasting border of white cilia; basad of this band the wing is 
hyaline except for an elongated patch of dense dark cilia extending 
obliquely distad and caudad from the base of the submarginal vein 
but terminating before reaching the median transverse band; apical 
one-third of wing fusco-hyaline; hind wings entirely hyaline; abdo- 
men bronzy black, purplish at base; exserted tip of ovipositor yel- 
lowish-brown. 

Male —Unknown. 

Ty pe-locality.—Las Sabanas, Panama. 

T'ype.—Cat. No. 24990, U.S.N.M. 

Type and one female paratype reared from a wax scale, Ceroplas- 
tes, species, collected at Las Sabanas, Panama, by J. Zetek and I. 
Molino in June, 1921, and bearing their number Z-1502. 

These type specimens were evidently reared from the same lot of 
scale insects as was the type of Hupelmus cocidivorus Gahan, de- 
scribed herewith. Four male Eupelmines evidently from the same 
material were received, also. Owing to the great amount of antigeny 


6 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM, VOL. 65. 


existing in this group I have found it impossible to definitely asso- 
ciate these males with either species and consequently have re- 
frained from describing them until their identity can be more cer- 
tainly established. 


EUPELMUS COCCIDIVORUS, new species. 


This species resembles closely the description and figure of Z. 
saissetiae Silvestri? and apparently has the same habit of attacking 
scale insects, but it may be distinguished by the fact that the oviposi- 
tor is much less strongly exserted, and is not dark at tip, the wings 
appear to be less strongly infumated, the legs are somewhat differ- 
ently colored and the first tergite seems to be much more deeply 
incised at apex. 

Female—Length 2.75 mm. Head strongly sculptured, the face 
and cheeks with conspicuous silvery white pubescence; viewed from 
above, thick antero-posteriorly, twice as broad as long and as broad 
as the thorax at tegulae; occiput immargined; frons above the 
scrobes flattened, narrowest at the apex of scrobes where it is nar- 
rower than behind the posterior ocelli; ocelli in an equilateral tri- 
angle, the ocellocular line equal to the diameter of an vcellus; viewed 
from in front, the head is slightly broader than high, subtriangular 
with the vertex nearly straight and the sides and cheeks rounded; 
antennal groves deep and sharply defined, confluent above, separated 
below by a triangular plate which is sharply defined laterally and 
extends upward more than half the length of scrobes; front ocellus 
less than its own diameter above apex of scrobes, the latter more 
finely sculptured within than the remainder of head; eyes nearly cir- 
cular and covered with very short inconspicuous pile; malar space 
approximately as long as the rather short scape; scape distinctly 
shagreened and about four times as long as broad; pedicel approxi- 
mately two and one-half times as long as its apical breadth, very 
slightly longer than the third and fourth joints combined; third 
joint small, about twice as broad as long and about half as long as 
the fourth; fifth and sixth joints each longer than the fourth and 
longer than broad; seventh subquadrate; eighth to tenth inclusive 
slightly broader than long; club 3-jointed, subovate and about as 
long as the three preceding joints combined. Thorax pubescent, less 
strongly sculptured than the head, the mesepimeron finely lineolate- 
reticulate and destitute of pubescence; axillae narrowly separated at 
base; propodeum laterally and the hind coxae outwardly, except a 
triangular area down the middle, densely clothed with conspicuous 
white pubescence; marginal and submarginal veins subequal, post- 
marginal longer than stigmal, the submarginal with about eleven or 
twelve stiff bristles dorsally; wings more than ordinarily densely 


* Boll. Lab. Zool. Agr. Portici, vol. 9, 1915, p. 289. 


ART. 4. NEW PARASITIC HYMENOPTERA-—GAHAN., 7 


ciliated on the disk; abdomen about as long as head and thorax, 
pubescent, the first tergite deeply emarginate at the middle, the 
second to fifth tergites less deeply so; ovipositor visible from above 
tor a length about equal to the last joint of hind tarsus. Head 
metallic bluish-green, tinged with coppery on the frons and vertex; 
antennae black, the scape and pedicel tinged with bronzy; mandibles 
dark brown with their apices black; palpi pale; thorax mostly bluish- 
green with a coppery tinge, the scutellum and axillae coppery and 
the mesepimeron for the most part blackish; abdomen brownish 
black with coppery and greenish reflections; forewings subhyaline, 
with the discal ciliation basad of the union of marginal and sub- 
marginal veins pale, the ciliation distad of base of marginal vein 
darker and giving a faint dusky tinge to the wing; all coxae concolor- 
ous with the thorax; front legs pale yellowish, except a large brown- 
ish or somewhat coppery spot on the apical half of femora beneath ; 
middle legs yellowish with their femora and tibiae more or less 
fuscous; hind femora, except a pale line along dorsal margin, and 
the hind tibiae, except at apex, brownish; apical two or three joints 
of all tarsi brownish; spines on underside of middle tarsi black; 
ovipositor sheath blackish basally, pale yellowish apically. 

Type-locality —Las Sabanas, Panama. 

Type.—Cat. No. 26175, U.S.N.M. 

Type, a female reared from a wax scale, Ceroplastes, species col- 
lected at Las Sabanas, Panama, by J. Zetek and I. Molino in June, 
1921, and bearing their number “ Z-1502.” A single female paratype 
is said to have been reared from Saissetia nigra Nietner taken at 
Ancon, Canal Zone, by Mr. Zetek. 


Family APHELINIDAE. 
APHELINUS SANBORNIAE, new species. 


Very similar to mali Haldeman but may be distinguished at. once 
by the entirely black abdomen. The forewing basad of the hairless 
streak bears fewer hairs in the angle behind the marginal vein than 
does the wing of mali, the front tibiae are largely black or at least 
blackish basally and the ovipositor does not protrude beyond apex 
of abdomen. 

Female.—Length, 0.8 mm. Head and thorax smooth and polished; 
eyes hairy; antennae rather short, six-jointed; the scape spindle- 
shaped and approximately as long as the pedicel and three funicle 
joints combined; pedicel about twice as long as broad at apex and 
not quite as long as the entire funicle; first two funicle joints sub- 
equal and each approximately twice as broad as long; third funicle 
joint distinctly shorter than the pedicel but hardly one and one-half 
times as long as broad; club approximately equal to the scape in 


8 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM, VOL. 65. 


length; forewing distad of hairless streak thickly ciliated, basad of 
hairless streak with a single obliquely transverse row of hairs bor- 
dering the streak and from three to six similar hairs in the angle 
formed by the marginal vein and the transverse row of hairs; ab- 
domen triangular, smooth and polished; ovipositor barely visible at 
apex. Head, thorax, and abdomen shining black; antennal flagellum 
pale orange yellow, the scape black; legs black with the extreme 
base and apex of anterior and middle tibiae very narrowly, the hind 
femora entirely and all tarsi, except at apex, pale yellow; wings 
hyaline. 

Male.—Agrees with the female except that the third funicle joint 
is distinctly longer and thicker than the pedicel, about equal in length 
to the pedicel and first two funicle joints combined; the scape on the 
ventral side has three small round tubercle-like sensoria or glands 
which are visible only in slide mounts under high magnification ; 
and the abdomen is shorter and less distinctly triangular. 

Type-locality—Spring Mills, Pennsylvania. 

Type.—Cat. No. 26176, U.S.N.M. 

Host.—Sanbornia junipert Pergande. 

Described from four females and one male reared by E. A. Hartley, 
September 16, 1921, from the above named aphid. Antenna of al- 
lotype male and wing of a female paratype on one slide and antenna 
of female paratype on another. 


APHELINUS JUCUNDUS, new species. 


Resembles semflavus Howard but may be distinguished by the 
yellow face and somewhat shorter third funicle joint. Also re- 
sembles howardi Dalla Torre but differs from the description of that 
species in the more extensive and differently arranged ciliation of 
the forewing. 

Female.—tLength, 1.2 mm. Frons, mesoscutum and scutellum dis- 
tinctly finely shagreened; the frons nearly opaque; mesoscutum 
pubescent and more or less shining; propodeum very finely trans- 
versely rugulose; abdomen nearly smooth; mesopleura weakly sculp- 
tured and shining; hind coxae polished. Eyes hairy; antennal 
scape slender and approximately as long as the funicle and club 
combined; pedicel about one and one-half times as long as broad; 
first two funicle points each about twice as broad as long; third 
funicle joint subquadrate; club subequal to the combined pedicel 
and funicle; marginal vein of forewing as long as the submarginal; 
discal ciliation basad of the hairless streak considerably coarser than 
that distad, and covering the whole area behind the marginal vein, 
with a few hairs also in the area behind the submarginal; abdomen 
ovate, as long as the thorax, the ovipositor slightly exserted. Ver- 
tex, frons above, posterior orbits, more or less of cheeks, occiput, 


ART. 4. NEW PARASITIC HYMENOPTERA—GAHAN. 9 


entire thorax, and middle and hind coxae, black; abdomen, except 
at base, blackish or piceus; antennae entirely, lower part of frons, 
face, more or less of cheeks, front coxae, all femora, tibiae and tarsi 
and transverse band at base of abdomen pale yellowish; wings 
subhyaline. 

Male.—Unknown. 

Type-locality— Whittier, California. 

Type.—Cat. No. 26177, U.S.N.M. 

Host—Macrosiphum solanifoliti Ashmead. 

Described from nineteen card-mounted and five slide-mounted 
specimens, apparently all females, reared from the potato aphid 
by H. Compere, February 20, 1922, and received by the Bureau of 
Entomology from H. M. Armitage. Also two females taken at the 
same place by E. A. Hartley, who first called the writer’s atten- 
tion to this form. 


APHELINUS AUREUS, new species. 


Agrees very closely with avtomatus Girault but differs in its beau- 
tiful bright orange color and in having the scutellum and posterior 
half of the mesoscutum reticulated instead of shagreened. 

Female——Length, 1 mm. Pedicel barely as long as thick; first 
and second funicle joints small and transverse; third funicle joint 
subquadrate; club approximately four times as long as the penul- 
timate joint and somewhat thicker than usual. Mesonotum ante- 
riorly granular, the posterior half and the scutellum reticulate, the 
areas hexagonal or pentagonal and rather large; forewings moder- 
ately broad, the marginal and submarginal veins subequal, disk of 
wing distad of the hairless streak with moderately dense ciliation; 
basad of the hairless streak with very sparse coarse cilia; abdomen 
oval with the exserted portion of the ovipositor sheaths about equal 
in length to the hind metatarsus. Eyes and ocelli dark; head, thorax 
and abdomen bright orange or golden yellow but with a narrow 
median line on the mesoscutum and scutellum and the sutures for 
the most part paler; wings hyaline; the venation and the legs con- 
colorous with the body or only slightly paler. 

Male—Similar in every way to the female except that the 
abdomen is somewhat shorter. 

Ty pe-locality—Santa Paula, California. 

Type—Cat. No. 26178, U.S.N.M. 

Host.—Chaitophorus salicicola Essig. 

Described from a single female and two males mounted on slides 
and reared by E. O. Essig from the above named host. 

The writer at first determined these specimens as automatus 
Girault but after a study of all the species in the National Collection 
is now convinced that they should be held distinct. 


10 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 65. 


APHELINUS PERPALLIDUS, new species. 


This species differs from all of the other yellowish North Amer- 
ican species except aureus Gahan and automatus Girault by having 
the ciliation of the forewing basad of the hairless line very sparse 
and coarse. It differs from both aureus and automatus by having 
the first and second funicle joints not transverse but each about as 
jong as broad, the third funicle joint a little longer than broad, and 
the ovipositor not at all exserted. , 

Female.—Length, 0.9 mm. Antennal club not much thicker than 
the third funicle joint and about four times as long as that joint; 
eyes bare or practically so; frons, mesonotum and scutellum dis- 
tinetly finely shagreened; marginal vein of the forewing slightly 
shorter than the submarginal or subequal to it; discal ciliation of 
forewing distad of the hairless line moderately dense and short; 
basad of the hairless line sparse and irregular, scattered over most 
of the area behind the marginal vein and much coarser and longer 
than the cilia beyond the hairless line. Body above very pale green- 
ish yellow; beneath and including all legs nearly white; wings hya- 
line; venation pale yellowish; antennae pale. 

Male.—Agrees with female in every way except for the sexual ap- 
paratus. 

Ty pe-locality.— Sioux City, Towa. 

Type.—Cat. No. 26179, U.S.N.M. 

Described from five females and two males reared by C. N. Ainslie 
from an aphid on elm. Type female, two paratype females and a 
broken paratype male card-mounted. Allotype male and three para- 
type females mounted in balsam. 


APHELINUS MALI (Haldeman). 


Eriophilus mali HALDEMAN, Penna. Farm. Journ., Aug., 1851, p. 131. 
Aphelinus mali Howarp, Rept. U. S. Com. Agr. (1880), 1881, p. 356. 
Aphelinus varicornis GirAtLr, Psyche, vol. 16, 1909, p. 29. 


Three cotype specimens of varicornis Girault mounted on slides are 
in the National Collection and apparently differ in no way from 
specimens of mali Haldeman. The wings show no more infuscation 
than do those of mali, and the ciliation of the forewing proximad of 
the hairless streak is practically the same despite Girault’s statement 
to the contrary. 

APHELINUS SEMIFLAVUS Howard. 
Aphelinus semiflavus Howarp, Ent. News, vol. 19, 1908, p. 367. 
Aphelinus brevipennis GrrAuL?T, Descriptiones Stellarum Novarum, 1917, p. 
18. 

Types of both the above named species are in the National Col- 
lection and have been compared. Except for the abbreviated wings, 
the types of brevipennis differ in no way from typical semiflavus. 





ART. 4, NEW PARASITIC HYMENOPTERA—GAHAN. rt 


That this difference is not of specific value is apparent from an 
examination of the 20 specimens constituting the original type series 
of semiflavus. In this series the size of wings vary from normal 
to scarcely half normal size. The same tendency to vary is shown 
by a series of specimens reared from Myzus persicae Sulzer at Colum- 
bus, Ohio, by E. A. Hartley and the same tendency is shown by the 
three specimens constituting the type series of brevipennis. Both 
sexes show the same tendency to vary in the size of the wings but 
the reduction is apparently carried to a greater extreme in the male. 

In addition to a large number of specimens reared from Myzus 
persicae the National Collection possesses a male and female of this 
species reared from A/yzus, species on Adquilegia, at Lafayette, 
Indiana, May 7, 1916, by J. J. Davis. 


APHELINUS LONGICLAVAE Mercet. 


Aphelinus longiclavae Mercer, Assoc. Espan. Prog. Ciencias (sep.), 1911, 
p. 14. 
Aphelinus capitis Rust, Ent. News, vol. 26, 1915, p. 73. 


This species was originally described as a parasite of Aspidiotus 
hederae Vallot in Spain. Aphelinus capitis was described from 
California where it was said to parasitize a number of different 
species of scale insects including Aspidiotus hederae. While no 
European specimens of longiclavae have been seen by the writer two 
cotypes of capitis together with three other California specimens 
reared by E. O. Essig from Aspidiotus hederae have been compared 
with Mercet’s description and seem to agree so perfectly that I have 
no hesitation in declaring Rust’s species to be a synonym. 


APHELINUS CHRYSOMPHALI Mercet. 


Aphelinus chrysomphali MErcet, Bol. Real. Soe. espan. Hist. Nat., 1912, p. 
135; Trab del Mus. de Cien. Nat. de Madrid, 1912, No. 10, p. 67. 


Five slide-mounted specimens reared from Aspidiotus destructor 
Signoret on coconut palm at Rio Pedras, Porto Rico, October 17, 
1921, by G. N. Wolcott, have been determined by the writer as this 
species. The record is interesting as constituting the first identifica- 
tion of this European species from the Western Hemisphere. 


APHELINUS ASHMEADI, new name. 


Aphelinus howardii ASHMEAD, Trans. Ent. Soc. London, 1900, p. 264 (not 
howardit Datta Torre, Cat. Hymen., vol. 5, 1898, p. 221). 


This species was described from a single male specimen from the 
island of Grenada, West Indies. The type is in the British Museum. 
If really an Aphelinus the species should be easily recognized by the 
unusually long male antennae. 


12 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 65. 


APHELINUS MARLATTI (Ashmead). 


Bacocharis marlatti ASHMEAD, Kans. Agri, Exp. Sta. Bull. 38, 1888; Ap- 
pendix, p. v. 
Aphelinus subapterus GIRAULT, Ent. News, vol. 27, 1916, p. 405. 

Both of the above-cited descriptions are based upon ‘the same three 
identical specimens. The Ashmead description was apparently un- 
known to Girault. In addition to the three specimens mentioned as 
types by both authors the National Collection now contains two other 
specimens acquired by gift from the Kansas State Agricultural Col- 
lege in 1920, and which were reared by Mr. Marlatt at the same time 
and from the same source as were the types. Two of the type speci- 
mens have been mounted on a slide and ground to fragments beneath 
the cover-glass by Girault. The actual type specimen is mounted 
on a card point in good condition except for loss of both antennae, 
and the pin bears a label on one side of which is written the Ash- 
mead name and on the reverse side the Girault name. 

COCCOPHAGUS LECANII (Fitch). 
Platygaster lecanii Fircu, 5th Rept. Ins. New York, 1858, p. 25. 
Coccophagus lecanii SMirH, Amer. Nat., 1878, p. 661; Seventh Rept. State 
Ent. Ill., 1878, p. 130. 
Coccophagus ater Howarp, Rept. Ent. U. S. Dept. Agri., 1880, p. 359. 
Coccophagus cognatus Howarp, Rept. Ent. U. S. Dept. Agri., 1880, p. 359. 
Coccophagus flavoscutellum ASHMEAD, Florida Agri., vol. 4, 1881, p. 65. 
Coccophagus vividus Howarp, Bull. 5, Bur. Ent. U. 8S. Dept. Agri., 1885, 
p. 25. 

With the exception of flavoscutellum Ashmead and cognatus How- 
ard the above synonymy is that given by Doctor Howard in his 
Revision of the Aphelininae of North America. 

The writer recently had occasion to compare the types of Coc- 
cophagus lecanii (Fitch), C. cognatus Howard, and C. flavoscutellum 
Ashmead, all of which are in the National Collection. After care- 
ful comparison and study the conclusion was reached that all three 
names refer to the same species. Fitch’s species is slightly variable 
us to the extent of the yellow marking on the scutellum and both 
Howard’s and Ashmead’s types fall well within the range of this 
variation and can not be distinguished from lecanzi otherwise. 

The species attacks a long list of Lecaniine and other scale insects 
and is widely distributed, having been recorded from Europe by 
Masi* and others; from Japan by Nakayama;* from Hawaii by 
Fullaway * and in America it is known to occur from the Atlantic 
to the Pacific and from Florida to Ontario, Canada, as well as in 
several of the West Indian Islands. 


3 Boll. Lab. Zool. Portici, I, 1907, p. 239. 
4 Philippine Journ. Sci., vol. 18, 1921, p. 98. 
§ Proc. Hawaiian Ent. Soc., vol. 4, 1920, p. 242. 


ee 


ART. 4. NEW PARASITIC HYMENOPTERA—GAHAN. 13 


COCCOPHAGUS OCHRACEUS Howard. 
Coccophagus ochraceus Howarp, U. 8. Dept. Agr., Div. Ent., Bull. 1, 1895, 
. 38. 
ym bifasciaticorpus GIRAULT, Soe. Ent., vol. 31, 1916, p. 44. 

Types of both the above named species are in the National Collec- 
tion and are identical in every way. The species is rather easily 
recognized by reason of its conspicuous dark markings, a large blotch 
at the middle of pronotum, the entire propodeum, a transverse band 
on the abdomen sometimes embracing the whole apical half of abdo- 
men being black or blackish and the axillae usually dark brownish. 
The praescutum is uniformly and closely set with rather coarse hairs, 
but lacks paired setae except for one pair at the posterior margin 
just in front of the scutellum; the scutellum has three pairs of setae 
and is otherwise bare; the female antennae are distinctly clavate, the 
club distinctly thicker than the funicle and subequal to it in length; 
the first funicle joint although the smallest joint is somewhat longer 
than broad, while funicle joints two and three are subequal and each 
about as long as the pedicel. None of the funicle joints in the fe- 
male are strongly corrugated. The male is like the female except 
that the antennae are much longer, the first funicle is the thickest 
joint, the following joints successively diminishing in thickness and 
all of the flagellar joints are strongly corrugated. 

The types of ochraceus were from Alameda County, California, 
reared from Lecanium, species on Adenostema fasciculatum. The 
types of bifasciaticorpus were from Cape Town, South Africa, reared 
from Lecanium hemisphaericum Targioni. In addition to the type 
material the writer has seen specimens from Berkeley, California, 
sent in by E. O. Essig and from Queenstown, South Africa, collected 
by E. M. Rust and sent in by Harold Compere, all of which are said 
to have been reared from Saissetia oleae Bernard. 

Coccophagus javensis Girault is very similar to this species but 
differs in that the joints of the funicle in the female are all subequal 
in length and thickness and not narrower than the club which tapers 
gradually from base to apex and all of the flagellar joints are strongly 
corrugated. The propodeum is not as dark as in ochraceus although 
more or less fuscous and the axillae are not darker than the scutellum. 


ANERISTUS CEROPLASTAE Howard. 


Aneristus ceroplastae Howarp, Can. Ent., 1895, vol. 27, p. 351. 

Aneristus ceroplastae Howarp, Psyche, vol. 7, 1896, suppl. p. 18. 

Coccophagus orientalis Howarp, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 18, 1896, p. 683. 

Aneristus orientalis GirRAULT, Bull. Brooklyn Ent. Soc., vol. 12, 1917, p. 88. 

Prococcophagus orientalis TIMBERLAKE, Proc. Ent. Soc. Haw., vol. 8, 1918, 
p. 404. 


The types of Aneristus ceroplastae and Coccophagus orientalis 
have been carefully compared with the result that the writer is of 


14 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 65. 


the opinion that they are the same species. The former was de- 
scribed from specimens parasitic on Ceroplastes euphorbiae Cock- 
erell in Jamaica and the latter from specimens reared from Cero- 
plastes actiniformis Green as well as several other species of scale 
insects in Ceylon. 

The species is apparently widely distributed, the national collec- 
tion containing material from Hawaii; Los Banos, Philippine 
Islands; St. Croix, Virgin Islands; and Ancon, Canal Zone, in addi- 
tion to the type localities. 


PROSPALTELLA DIASPIDICOLA Silvestri. 


Prospaltella diaspidicola Stivestr1, Reale Accad. dei Lincei, vol. 18, 1909, 
. 564. 

or bgoditidttl niigatae NAKAYAMA, Philippine Journ. Sci. vol. 18, 1921, 
p. 99, pl. 1, fig. 2. 

The National Collection contains several slide mounted cotypes 
of diaspidicola Silvestri received from the author through Dr. L. O. 
Howard. A single slide-mounted cotype of négatae Nakayama is 
also in the collection. These cotypes have been compared and seem 
to be identical. The former name was proposed for specimens of a 
parasite reared from Aulacaspis pentagona (Targioni) from South 
Africa and the latter for a parasite of the same scale in Japan. 

The National Collection also contains three slides bearing a large 
number of specimens said to have been parasites on mulberry scale, 
Gifu, Japan, reared by U. Nawa, January 30, 1899. The mulberry 
scale mentioned was doubtless Aulacaspis pentagona. One slide in 
the collection bears two specimens reared from Aulacaspis penta- 
gona at Campinas, Brazil, by F. Noack. 

This species is quite similar to berlesei Howard, but apparently 
differs by having smaller wings with the marginal fringe a little 
more than half as long as the greatest wing breadth; the praescutum 
bears only two pairs of chaetae, the anterior pair being situated 
approximately midway between the anterior and posterior margins 
and about as far from each other as from the lateral margins, the 
posterior pair located just in front of the scutellum; the first dorsal 
segment of the abdomen is distinctly reticulated at base. 


ENCARSIA FORMOSA, new species. 


This species belongs to the Zuteola group in which the middle tarsi 
are 4-jointed, the fourth and fifth joints being connate. It differs 
from luteola Howard by having the dorsum of the thorax distinctly, 
almost opaquely, sculptured, and it is also to some extent darker in 
color. May be distinquished from guaintancet Howard by the 
wholly black scutellum. 

Female.—Length 0.6 mm. Antennae rather long and cylindrical; 
pedicel longer than the first funicle joint, the latter approximately 


ART. 4, NEW PARASITIC HYMENOPTERA—GAHAN. 15 


one and one-half times as long as thick; second, third, and fourth 
joints subequal and each slightly more than twice as long as thick; 
club 2-jointed, the joints subequal and each about as long as the 
fourth funicle joint; occiput distinctly sculptured and the vertex 
more finely so; mesoscutum, scutellum, and axillae, when viewed 
through a binocular microscope, with distinct, fine, nearly granular 
sculpture (mounted in balsam and under a compound microscope 
this sculpture is seen to be a fine reticulation, the enclosed areas on 
the middle of the scutellum compressed from the sides and forming 
elongate longitudinally arranged cells, while elsewhere on the scu- 
tellum, as well as on the mesoscutum and axillae, the enclosed areas 
are irregular and not especially compressed) ; forewings with the 
discal ciliation nearly uniform over the whole surface except caudad 
of the submarginal vein where they are for the most part bare; 
marginal cilia longest at the posterior apical border of the wing; 
marginal vein a little longer than the submarginal, the stigmal 
strongly curved; middle tibial spur about half as long as the basal 
joint of tarsus; middle tarsi 4-jointed, the fourth and fifth joints 
connate but with a slight constriction, indicating the original separa- 
tion; abdomen a little longer than the thorax; rounded at apex, and 
apparently sculptureless; ovipositor slightly extruded. Antennae, 
legs, and abdomen pale yellow or nearly white, the antennae very 
shghily infuscated; face, cheeks, and posterior orbits black; frons, 
reore or less of the vertex, and the occiput above very dark orange 
yellow or brownish; thorax dull black, with the groove separating 
axillae from mesoscutum faintly brownish; wings hyaline, venation 
fuscous; hind coxae blackish at base. 

Male—Length 0.6 mm. Antennal pedicel not much longer than 
broad, much shorter than the first funicle joint which is more than 
twice as long as thick, about as long as the second funicle joint and 
somewhat thicker; second, third, and fourth funicle joints and the 
basal joint of club subequal in length and breadth, about three and 
one-half times as long as thick; apical joint somewhat shorter; all 
funicle and club joints with distinct, widely separated, longitudinal 
striae; structure and sculpture otherwise like the female. Head 
mostly brownish yellow, darker on the cheeks and below the an- 
tennae; thorax blackish with the mesonotal grooves pale yellowish 
and the abdomen mostly blackish with sutures somewhat yellowish; 
antennae and legs as in the female. 

Type-locality—Twin Falls, Idaho. 

Type—Cat. No. 26180, U.S.N.M. 

Described from five females and one male mounted on a single 
slide and received from Ralph H. Smith who is authority for the 
statement that they are parasitic upon Aleurodidae infesting the 
leaves of the house geranium; also four females received from A. 


45554—25— Proc.N.M.vol.65 5 





16 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 65. 


Franklin Shull of Ann Arbor, Michigan who states that they were 
suspected of parasitizing the “common white-fly.”. Three of the 
latter specimens mounted on card points, the other one in balsam. 

Since the above description was drawn up additional specimens 
of this species have been received as follows: a large series from 
Wooster, Ohio, reared by J. S. Houser from pupae of 7’rialeurodes 
vaporariorum (Westwood) in a greenhouse, February 5, 1923; a large 
number of specimens reared March 8, 1923, from pupae of the same 
Aleurodid taken in a greenhouse on the Department of Agriculture 
grounds at Washington, D. C., by W. H. White. 

The host insects from which the type specimens came were not 
definitely determined but in all probability they were the same 
species which served as host for the Ohio and District of Columbia 
specimens. 

The parasitized Aleurodid pupae turn black in color and are easily 
distinguished from healthy pupae which are greenish. The parasite 
was reported as extremely abundant in both the Wooster, Ohio, 
and Washington, D. C., infestations. 


Family PTEROMALIDAE. 
RHOPALICUS PULCHRIPENNIS (Crawford). 


Spintherus pulchripennis CRAwForD, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 48, 1912, 
p. 168. 

Rhopalicus americanus GIRAULT, Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer., vol. 9, 1916, p. 296. 
Types of Spintherus pulchripennis Crawford and of Rhopalicus 
americanus Girault are in the U. S. National Museum and have been 
compared. The two are identical. In the opinion of the writer the 
species is more properly placed in Rhopalicus Foerster than in 

Spintherus Thomson. 


EUPTEROMALUS COGNATUS, new species. 


Very similar to viridescens (Walsh) but differs from that species 
by having the joints of the funicle slightly shorter, the occiput a 
little more concave, the antennal groove somewhat deeper, the occi- 
pital carina very weakly developed, and the punctation of the head 
and thorax a little stronger. 

Female.—Length, 2 mm. Head and thorax with the usual reticu- 
late-punctate sculpture common to the group but the punctures 
slightly deeper than in most of the other species; abdomen shining, 
with the tergites, except the first, very obscurely reticulated; scutel- 
lum sculptured alike all over or with only a very slight indication of 
a differently sculptured area at apex; propodeum punctate with a 
weak median carina. 

Head viewed from above broader than the thorax; occiput rather 
deeply concave medially and very weakly margined; posterior 





ART. 4. NEW PARASITIC HYMENOPTERA—GAHAN. LG 


orbits less sharply receding from the eye margins than in most of 
the other species; viewed from in front the head is perceptibly 
broader than high (about 6:5), truncate at the mouth, the cheeks 
rounded and the vertex distinctly though not greatly arched above 
the eyes; viewed from the side the front profile is weakly convex, 
the face below the antennae receding only slightly; mandibles each 
with four teeth; maxillary palpi 4-jointed, the apical joint the 
longest joint, the penultimate joint the shortest and hardly half the 
length of the last; labial palpi 2-jointed; antennal scape cylindrical 
and as long as pedicel, ring-joints and three first funicle joints com- 
bined; ring-joints distinct, subequal; funicle joints all subequal and 
each a little broader than long; club 3-jointed and equal in length 
to the last three funicle joints combined; mesoscutum about equal in 
length to scutellum, with the parapsidal grooves present anteriorly 
but effaced on the posterior one-fourth; scutellum moderately convex 
or at least not conspicuously flattened as in dubius Ashmead; 
propodeum moderately hairy laterally, the apical neck distinct but 
rather short, the spiracles elliptical and moderately large; marginal 
and postmarginal veins practically equal, the stigmal vein shorter; 
abdomen pointed ovate, not longer than the thorax and usually a 
little narrower than the thorax; first tergite comprising approxi- 
mately one-third the total length of abdomen; second tergite a 
little less than half the first; following tergites shorter. Color of 
head and thorax dark aeneous; abdomen mostly metallic blue-black 
with the first tergite metallic green; wings hyaline, venation pale 
yellowish; antennal flagellum dark brown, scape and pedicel reddish 
testaceous; coxae concolorous with thorax; all femora brownish 
testaceous, the tibiae usually a little clearer testaceous and the tarsi 
still paler. 

Male.—Length, 1.7mm. Agrees with female except that abdomen, 
viewed dorsally, is nearly circular in outline and not over two-thirds 
as long as thorax, and the funicle joints are all practically as long as 
broad. 

Type-locality.—Ballast Island in Lake Erie. 

Type.—Cat. No. 26181, U.S.N.M. 

The type series consists of twenty specimens, many of them more 
or less broken and imperfect, received from Miss Mary Auten and 
all reared by her from the egg capsules of spiders. The type, allo- 
type, and several paratypes were reared, according to the collector, 
from the egg capsules of Avranea frondosa Walckenaer taken on 
Ballast Island in Lake Erie. Other paratypes are said to have 
been reared from the capsules of petra sclopetaria Emerton taken 
on South Bass and Gibraltar Islands in the same lake while two 
specimens also taken on South Bass Island are said to have come 
from the capsule of Philodromus canadensis. 


18 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 65. 


Judging by host records of related species it seems more probable 
that this species is actually parasitic upon some dipterous or hy- 
menopterous larva infesting the egg capsules than that it is present 
as a parasite of the spider’s eggs. 


Family EULOPHIDAE. 
TETRASTICHUS PHILODROMI, new species. 


Resembles somewhat 7’. dolosus Gahan but is aeneous black in color 
instead of bluish, the abdomen in dorsal profile is only slightly 
longer than broad and less strongly sculptured, and the median 
groove on mesoscutum as well as the two parallel grooves on scutellum 
are almost effaced or very poorly developed. The postmarginal vein 
bears from two to four erect long bristles on the upper side. 

Hemale.—Length, 1 mm. Head collapsed, the sculpture of face not 
discernible, vertex, occiput and posterior orbits delicately reticulate; 
antennae short, the flagellum not equal in length to the dorso-ventral 
length of head; scape subcylindrical, approximately equal in length 
to the pedicel and first two funicle joints; pedicel longer than thick, 
and longer than the first funicle joint; ring-joints very short, the 
number not discernible; funicle 3-jointed, the joints subequal and 
subquadrate; club 3-jointed, pointed ovate, thicker than funicle, and 
about equal to funicle in length; mandibles distinctly tridentate, the 
inner tooth somewhat more acute than the other two on account of 
the deeper incision between it and the second; pronotum, mesoscutum, 
axillae, and scutellum finely and delicately reticulate, the enclosed 
areas on the praescutum and scutellum somewhat longitudinally 
compressed; mesoscutum with the median longitudinal groove very 
indistinct or absent and the scutellum also practically without 
grooves although there are faint indications of them; propodeum 
very faintly reticulated, almost polished, with a very obscure median 
carina; forewing slightly shorter than the length of the insect, 
evenly rounded at apex; marginal and submarginal veins approxi- 
mately equal, the former equal to two and one-half times the stig- 
mal; abdomen short ovate, equal in length to the thorax, about four- 
fifths as broad as long, the dorsal segments weakly reticulately sculp- 
tured. Color aeneous-black; antennae brownish, the scape slightly 
paler; coxae and basal three-fourths of all femora concolorous with 
the thorax; remainder of legs very pale yellow, the tarsal claws 
brownish; wings hyaline, the venation brownish. 

Male—Length, 1 mm. Antennal flagellum shorter than the dorso- 
ventral height of head; scape somewhat thickened, especially at base, 
as long as pedicel and three first funicle joints combined, on the 
ventral margin with an elongate sensory pore which extends from 
apex almost to base and which under high magnification in balsam 
appears as a row of subquadrate cells along the ventral margin; 






| 
; 


| 
| 
| 


ART. 4. NEW PARASITIC HYMENOPTERA—GAHAN., 19 


pedicel large, fully twice as long as the first funicle joint and equal 
to one-third the length of scape; ring-joints minute, number not 
determinable; funicle four-jointed, the joints all subequal and each 
slightly broader than long; club 3-jointed, ovate, slightly thicker 
and a little shorter than the funicle; abdomen elliptical, slightly less 
than twice as broad as long, narrower than the thorax but no longer; 
otherwise agrees with the female. 

L'ype-locality.—South Bass Island, Ohio. 

Type.—Cat. No. 26182, U.S.N.M. 

Described from twenty-one females and six males mounted on 
card points, and twenty-four females and five males mounted in 
balsam on seven slides. This material all received from Miss Mary 
Auten, of Ohio University, and all reared by her from the egg 
capsules of the Arachnid, Phélodromus canadensis, collected on 
South Bass Island in Lake Erie, during the month of July, 1921. In 
addition to the type material several hundred of unmounted speci- 
mens of this species were received from Miss Auten, all obtained 
from the same source. Six paratypes returned to Ohio University 
and two presented to the British Museum in London. Remainder 
of type material as well as a large part of the unmounted material 
retained in the National Museum. 


TETRASTICHUS BLEPYRI Ashmead. 
Tetrastichus blepyri ASHMEAD, Can. Ent., vol. 34, 1902, p. 302. 
Tetrastichus (Tetrastichodes) detrimentosus GAHAN, Proe. U. 8. Nat. Mus., 
vol. 46, 1913, p. 439. 

Letrastichus blepyri Ashmead was originally described from two 
specimens reared at Rosewell, New Mexico, by T. D. A. Cockerell as 
a secondary parasite of Phenacoccus cavalliae Cockerell. Its actual 
host is said to have been Blepyrus phenacocct Ashmead infesting the 
scale insect. 

1’. detrimentosus Gahan, the types of which are also in the national 
collection, was described from twenty specimens said to have been 
reared from Coccinella sanguinea at Lakeland, Florida, by G. G. 
Ainslie. A review of Ainslie’s notes shows that Homalotylus termi- 
nalis (Say) was also present in this rearing under circumstances 
which make it highly probable that the Womalotylus was the actual 
host of the 7'etrastichus. 

The writer has more recently received two specimens reared at 
Murray, Utah, August 24, 1918, by P. H. Timberlake from Micro- 
terys, species infesting Pulvinaria bigeloviae Cockerell; two speci- 
mens reared from Physokermes insignicola (Crawford) at Santa 
Maria, California, in April, 1912, by Timberlake; one specimen from 
Alhambra, California, reared from Saissetia oleae (Bernard), by 
Harold Compere; two specimens reared at Arcadia, California, by 


20 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 65. 


H. Compere, from Sazssetia oleae upon which they were believed to 
be secondary; one specimen from Santa Maria, California, reared 
by H. Compere, from Physokermes insignicola and probably para- 
sitic upon Aphycus physokermes Timberlake which was known to be 
present; and one specimen reared from S. oleae by H. S. Smith, in 
California, the exact locality not given. 

Study of this new and better material in conjunction with the 
types has convinced the writer that blepyri Ashmead and deteri- 
mentosus Gahan are the same species. 

The species is without much doubt normally a secondary parasite 
of various scale insects and Coccinellidae and appears to be quite 
widely distributed in North America and may also be found else- 
where. 


Superfamily SERPHOIDEA. 
Family SCELIONIDAE. 


Subfamily BAEINAE 
Genus BAEUS Haliday. 


All descriptions apparently credit the wingless females of this 
genus with having the scutellum absent. As viewed by the writer 
this is not strictly true of the species standing under this name in the 
National Collection. The mesoscutum is large, occupying most of the 
thoracic dorsum, but between this sclerite and the abdomen are two 
transversely linear sclerites, variable in size but always discernible. 
‘hese two plates apparently represent the scutellum and propodeum 
respectively. The anterior plate is usually somewhat longer (antero- 
posteriorly) than the posterior and the latter bears what appear to be 
the very minute spiracles. 


BAEUS ROTUNDIVENTRIS, new species. 


Very similar to B. piceus Ashmead but slightly larger, a little 
more strongly sculptured on thorax and abdomen, the abdomen more 
rotund, the antennal club blackish instead of reddish testaceous, and 
the head somewhat lighter in color. Also similar to niger Ashmead 
but may be distinguished at once by the broader and more rounded 
abdomen, which is more sparsely clothed with longer hairs, and by 
the somewhat longer though strongly transverse propodeal sclerite. 

Female—tLengths 0.8 mm. Wingless. Head, thorax, and abdomen 
more or less shining, but with distinct, fine reticulate sculpture and 
sparsely clothed with rather long hairs; eyes distinctly hairy; an- 
tennae 7-jointed, the club solid and longer than the funicle; first 
funicle joint the longest of the funicle joints, pedunculate at base; 
following joints of funicle slightly broader than long; pedicel large, 











ART, 4. NEW PARASITIC HYMENOPTERA—GAHAN. 21 


as long as the three succeeding funicle joints combined; scape slightly 
thickened and equal in length to the pedicel and funicle combined ; 
thorax about as long as broad; abdomen much broader than the 
thorax, nearly circular in outline as viewed from above. 

Head and prothorax dark reddish yellow; the vertex more or 
less infuscated; mesoscutum anteriorly usually more or less ob- 
scurely stained with reddish; remainder of thorax and abdomen 
entirely black; legs brownish mixed with yellowish without any very 
definite color pattern, the femora, apices of tibiae and the tarsi 
usually more or less yellowish; antennae dark brown. 

Male.—Length 0.95 mm. Wings fully developed. Head trans- 
verse, weakly reticulated; occiput concave and margined at vertex; 
antennae 12-jointed, scape slightly expanded beneath; pedicel a 
little longer than the first funicle joint, which is distinctly longer 
than broad, narrower at base than at apex and the longest of the 
funicle joints; joints 4 to 10 of the antennae moniliform; joints 11 
and 12 slightly longer and thicker and more closely joined together, 
forming a 2-jointed club; mesoscutum faintly reticulated and 
sparsely hairy; scutellum prominent, convex, broader than long, 
rounded behind and nearly smooth; propodeum rugulose, very short 
medially, sharply and perpendicularly truncate behind; abdomen 
shorter than the thorax and about as broad as the thorax, narrowed 
at base and broadest behind the middle; the first tergite longitudi- 
nally striate basally, smooth at apex; second tergite also striate at 
base, the apical two-thirds of second and all of the following tergites 
smooth; wings with rather coarse discal cilia; stigmal vein longer 
than the marginal; postmarginal subobsolete; basal vein present and 
distinct. Antennae and legs, except coxae, testaceous; head faintly 
piceus; thorax and abdomen black; wings hyaline. 

T'ype-locality.—Middle Bass Island, Ohio. 

Type.—Cat. No. 26183, U.S.N.M. 

Described from twenty-one females and three males reared by 
Miss Mary Auten, July 4, 1921, from an unknown spider’s nest 
taken under bark of a tree. Five female and one male paratypes 
in the collection of Ohio State University at Columbus, Ohio. Type, 
allotype, and sixteen paratypes in the United States National Mu- 
seum. Antenna of type female on a slide. 


Subfamily TELENOMINAE. 


PHANURUS PROMACHIVORUS, new species. 


Very similar to Phanurus tabanivorus Ashmead but differs by hav- 
ing the first funicle joint twice as long as broad and only a little 
shorter than the pedicel, the elevation on the dorsum of first abdomi- 
nal segment distinctly more prominent, and the forewings somewhat 


99, PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM, VOL. 65. 


more densely ciliated. The males differ from males of tabanivorus 
by having the first funicle longer than the pedicel, the second joint 
somewhat longer than first, the third subequal to the first, and the 
head, thorax and abdomen entirely black. 

Female.—Length, 1.15 mm. Vertex and posterior orbits, finely 
reticulate-punctate, remainder of head smooth and polished; eyes 
not hairy; antennae 11-jointed, clavate; scape subcylindrical, as long 
as the pedicel and first three funicle joints combined; pedicel about 
twice as long as thick; first funicle joint more slender than the pedi- 
cel, about twice as long as thick and fully three-fourths as long as 
pedicel; second funicle joint slightly shorter than the first, third a 
little longer than broad, fourth about as long as broad; club 5-jointed, 
approximately equal in length to the pedicel and funicle combined, 
the first and second joints very slightly broader than long, third and 
fourth subquadrate, fifth longer than broad and conical; mesoscutum 
convex, sculptured like the vertex; scutellum smooth; propodeum 
broadly and deeply excavated for reception of the protuberance on 
first abdominal segment, only the lateral angles visible from above 
and these small and triangular; wings extending to the apex of abdo- 
men and about one-third as broad as long; the marginal vein about 
two-thirds as long as the stigmal; postmarginal twice as long as 
stigmal; discal ciliation moderately dense; marginal cilia short, the 
longest cilia being at the posterior apical angle of wing; along the 
anterior margin of wing are about 28 nearly evenly spaced fine 
bristles between the base of submarginal and the apex of postimar- 
ginal veins; marginal cilia of hind wing equal to approximately two- 
thirds the width of wing; abdomen narrower than the thorax, 
pointed ovate, one-third longer than the head and thorax, abruptly 
narrowed beyond second segment, polished, the suture between first 
and second segments foveate; first segment broader than long with a 
prominent rounded protuberance above almost equal in height to 
the length of the segment; second segment comprising a little less 
than half the total length of abdomen; third segment narrower at 
base than the second at apex, the third and following segments gradu- 
ally tapering toward apex of abdomen; ovipositor slightly exerted. 
Black; trochanters, all tibiae and all tarsi brownish testaceous, the 
apical joint of all tarsi dark and the front femora more or less 
brownish; antennae entirely black; wings hyaline. 

Male.—Length 0.9mm. Antennae 12-jointed, not clavate; scape as 
long as pedicel and two first funicle joints together; pedicel nearly 
twice as long as thick; first flagellar joint as long and as thick as 
the pedicel; second longer than the first; third subequal to the 
first; following joints moniliform and subquadrate, the apical joint 
longer than broad and ovate; wings extending beyond the apex of 


ART, 4. NEW PARASITIC HYMENOPTERA—GAHAN. 23 


abdomen; abdomen as long as the thorax and about as broad, ovate, 
the first tergite without a protuberance above and striated at base, 
suture between first and second tergites foveolate, second tergite 
occupying fully half the total length of abdomen, the tergites beyond 
the second short. Black; legs, except coxae, testaceous; coxae piceus; 
antennal scape testaceous; pedicel and flagellum dark brown. 

Type-locality—Koiwai, Japan. 

Type.—Cat. No. 26184, U.S.N.M. 

Hight females and seven males received through the U. S. Depart- 
ment of Agriculture, Bureau of Entomology, from C. P. Clausen, 
by whom they were reared from eggs of Promachus yesonicus Bigot, 
an Asilid fly inhabiting Japan. 


45554— 25— Proe.N.M.vol.65 6 





‘a 








A NEW NAUTILOID CEPHALOPOD, EUTREPHOCERAS 
SLOANI, FROM THE EOCENE OF SOUTH CAROLINA. 


By Joun B. Ressipg, Jr., 


Of the United States Geological Survey. 


Species of the genus Hutrephoceras are rare in the Tertiary de- 
posits of the United States. Whitfield: described one, as Nautilus 
cookana, from the Shark River marl of New Jersey, probably of 
middle Eocene age, but none, so far as the writer knows, has been 
described from the Eocene of the southeastern United States. The 
specimen on which this paper is based is therefore of considerable 
interest, and, though it is perhaps not so complete as one might 
wish a type specimen to be, most of its essential characters can be 
made out and are worth recording for the benefit of future col- 
lectors. 

The specimen was found in silicified marlstone at Perkins Bluff 
on Black River, Georgetown County, South Carolina, by Earle 
Sloan, of Charleston, South Carolina., then State geologist, and 
listed as E'nclimatoceras ulrichi White.? It was borrowed from Mr. 
Sloan by Dr. C. Wythe Cooke, of the United States Geological 
Survey, in order to verify the identification, and when found to 
differ from the type of 2. ulrichi was placed in my hands for de- 
scription. At Doctor Cooke’s suggestion, Mr. Sloan has deposited 
the specimen in the United States National Museum. 

Because of the supposed presence of E'nclimatoceras ulrichi, a Mid- 
way species, the beds at Perkins Bluff, belonging to the Black Mingo 
formation, were regarded by Sloan as of Midway age.? However, 
as the rock matrix of the type of Hutrephoceras sloani contains 
impressions of a coral identified by Dr. T. W. Vaughan as 
Haimesiastraea conferta Vaughan, a species ranging through the 
Midway and Wilcox groups of Alabama, the geologic age of the 
beds might be either Midway or Wilcox. 


1 Whitfield, R. P., Gasteropoda and cephalopoda of the Raritan clays and Greensand 
marls of New Jersey: U. S. Geol. Survey Mon. 18, pp. 285-286, pl. 48, fig. 1; pl. 49, 
figs. 4, 5, 1892. 

2 Sloan, Earle, Catalogue of the mineral localities of South Carolina: South Carolina 
Geol. Survey, ser. 4, Bull. 2, p. 319, 1908. 

3 Vaughan, T. W., in Willis, Bailey, Index to the stratigraphy of North America: U. S. 
Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 71, p. 732, 1912. 





No. 2518—PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM, VOL. 65, ART. 5. 
Flt 


2 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, 65. 


Family NAUTILIDAE Owen. 
Genus EUTREPHOCERAS Hyatt. 
According to Hyatt: + 


This genus includes these forms like the type #. dekayi, which have globose 
ananepionic substages, increasing subsequently with great rapidity in all their 
diameters. The ana- and metanepionic substages are highly tachygenic and 
these shells have very small, and often hardly perceptible and much flattened, 
umbilical perforations. The siphuncles are subdorsan from the apex through 
the nepionic stage in some species, in others this position is not maintained, 
but the siphuncle is generally in the later stages near the dorsum and in the 
ephebiec stages it is dorsad of the center. 

The nepionie stage has longitudinal ridges and transverse bands, the tormer 
disappearing in adults which are smooth. 

The form of the whorl in section is nephritic from an early age and changes 
but little throughout life. 

The sutures are almost straight, having but slight ventral lobes, broad 
ventrolateral saddles, lobes on the umbilical zones, and deep lobes in the zone 
of impression. There are no annular lobes at any stage of development. 

Hyatt’s remarks about the genotype are all based on specimens 
from the Western Interior (“ Dakotah ”), whereas the true 2’. dekayi 
(Morton) is from New Jersey. it would seem, therefore, that the 
real genotype is the unnamed species mistakenly referred by Meek 
and most other writers to 2. dekay?, 

From the four other genera originally assigned to the family by 
Hyatt Hutrephoceras may be distinguished most easily as follows: 
From Digonioceras Hyatt in having a nephritic rather than sub- 
trigonal cross section of the whorl in the adult; from Cenoceras 
Hyatt in having a nephritic rather than subquadragonal cross section 
of the whorl in the adult; from Cymatoceras Hyatt in the lack of 
broad ribs on the shell and in the straighter suture; from Nautilus 
Linnaeus in the broad outline of all the later stages, the general posi- 
tion of the siphuncle dorsad of the middle of the septum, and the 
straighter sutures. (See fig. 16.) From the genera Hercoglossa 
Conrad (Enclimatoceras Hyatt) and Aturia Brown of the family 
Clydonautilidae, which also occur in the Eocene, L'utrephoceras 
differs sharply in suture. (See fig. 1a.) 

The writer has examined a number of specimens of L'utrephoceras 
of Cretaceous age. The sutures are very much alike in all of them; 
the shell of all of the larger specimens, when preserved, is nearly 
smooth; and the position of the siphuncle is very much the same in 
all. The conspicuous differences between them are in the form of the 
cross section of the whorl and the size of the shell. These seem to 
offer a valid basis for separation into species, and, so far as the 
writer’s material goes, form and size are constant within considerable 


*Hyatt, Alpheus, Phylogeny of an acquired characteristic: Amer. Philos. Soc. Proc., 
vol. 32, p. 555, 1894. 


ART. 5 A NEW NAUTILOID CEPHALOPOD—REESIDE. 3 


groups of specimens of the same age and restricted geographic distri- 
bution and differ between the respective groups. It is likely that if 
complete and well-preserved shells were available numerous other 
differences would be found, but it seems desirable to distinguish the 
various groups that can be recognized now even though some of them 
are difficult to separate on the basis of such details as are commonly 


preserved. 
EUTREPHOCERAS SLOANI, new species. 


Shell of medium size, the largest diameter of the type specimen 
preserved being about 140 mm. (the complete shell must have been 





Fig. 1.—CROSS SECTION OF WHCRL OF HUTREPHOCERAS SLOANI REESIDE AT DIAME'TER OF 
140 MIM., NATURAL SIZE. ad. SUTURE OF ENCLIMATOCERAS ULRICHI WHITE, EOCENE, AT 
DIAMETER OF 140 MM.(X7/10). 0, SUTURED OF NAUTILUS POMPILIUS LINNAEUS, RECENT, 
AT DIAMETER OF 140 mM. (X7/9). ec, SuTURE OF EUTREPHOCERAS SLOANI REESIDR, 
EOCENE, AT DIAMETER OF 120 MM. (X7/9). d, SUTURE OF EUTREPHOCERAS DEKAYI 
(MortToN) OF MEEK, CRETACEOUS, AT DIAMETER OF 100 MM., NATURAL SIZE. 


150 mm. in maximum diameter) ; stout, well rounded in all the stages 
visible. Cross section of whorl moderately compressed, nephritic, 
changing very little with increase in size of shell; height and breadth 
of the cross section about equal. Siphuncle dorsad of the center of 
the septum. Umbilicus closed. 

Surface of shell not seen. Cast of interior smooth in both early 
and late stages. 

Sutures are those of the genus—nearly straight with shallow ven- 
tral lobe, ventrolateral saddle, lateral lobe and saddle, and umbilical 
lobe. 

Holotype.—Cat. No. 352,559 U.S.N.M. 


4 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 65. 


Eutrephoceras sloani differs from #. cookana Whitfield ® chiefly 
in size, the latter species attaining a diameter of 300 mm. The cross 
section of the whorl is much the same in both species but is a little 
broader in the Shark River species. It is possible that further col- 
lecting will show that /. sloani attains a large size, has a considera- 
ble range of variation in form, and is therefore inseparable from 1’ 
cookana. However, it seems best with the material now in hand to 
consider the South Carolina species as distinct from the New Jersey 
species. The other American species of the genus Hutrephoceras 
known to the writer are Upper Cretaceous in age and have nearly all 
been referred at some time to /’. dekayi (Morton), though unques- 
tionably different. 4. dekayi (Morton), as refigured by Whitfield,° 
from the Navesink and Redbank formations of New Jersey is about 
the same size as /. sloani but is stouter, the proportion of height to 
width of the cross section of the whorl being about 3 to 4. Z. bryant 
(Gabb), as refigured by Whitfield,? from the Vincentown sand of 
New Jersey, is more compressed than /. sloaniz, the proportions of 
height to width of the cross section of the whorl being about 8 to 7. 
An undescribed species from the Ripley formation of Alabama is 
stouter and apparently of consistently smaller size than LZ’. sloani. 
Another from the Navarro formation of Texas is separated by the 
presence of a persistent flattened zone on the venter. <A third unde- 
scribed species from the Gulf region occurs in the zone of Alortonice- 
ras texanum and is stouter proportionately and much larger. A 
species occurring in the upper part of the Pierre formation and 
equivalent horizons in the Western Interior Province, called by 
Meek ® Nautilus dekayi Morton and forming the real type of the 
genus L'utrephoceras, is about the size of Z. sloant but is much 
stouter, the height to breadth of the cross section of the whorl! being 
about 3 to 4. An undescribed species from the Eagle sandstone of 
Montana attains a larger size (240 mm. diameter) and is stouter, the 
height to breadth of the cross section of the whorl being about as 
6 to 7. 

EXPLANATION OF PLATES. 
PLATE 1. 
Eutrephoceras sloani Reeside, back view, five-sixths natural size. 
PLATE 2. 
Eutrephoceras sloani Reeside, front view, five-sixths natural view. 
PLATE 3, 


Eutrephoceras sloani Reeside, side view, natural size. 


5 Whitfield, R. P., U. S. Geol. Survey Mon. 18, pp. 285-286, 1892. 

6 Whitfield, R. P., U. S. Geol. Survey Mon. 18, p. 243, pl. 37, figs. 1-6 

T Whitfield, R. P., U. S. Geol. Survey Mon. 18, p. 244, pl. 38, figs. 5, 6. 

8 Meek, F. B., Invertebrate Cretaceous and Tertiary fossils of the Upper Missouri 
country: U. S. Geol. Survey Terr., vol. 9, pp. 496—498, pl. 27, figs. 1, 2, 1876. 


; pl. 38, figs. 1-4. 





U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 65, ART. 5 PL. | 





EUTREPHOCERAS SLOANI REESIDE, BACK VIEW. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 4. 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 65, ART. 5 


EUTREPHOCERAS SLOAN! REESIDE, FRONT VIEW. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 2. 


Pew 2 





U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 65, ART. 5 PL. 3 


a 
¥ 





EUTREPHOCERAS SLOAN! REESIDE, SIDE VIEW. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 4. 





DESCRIPTION OF A RECENTLY DISCOVERED FOSSIL 
SCULPIN FROM NEVADA REGARDED AS COTTUS 
BELDINGI. 


By Davin Srarr Jorpan. 
Of Stanford University, California. 


I have received from Mr. F. B. Headley, superintendent of irriga- 
tion for the United States Department of Agriculture, stationed at 
Fallon, Nevada, a number of small fossil sculpins from deposits of 
Lake Lahonton. I identify these with a living species of the same 
region, Cottus beldingi Eigenmann and Eigenmann. 

COTTUS BELDINGI Eigenmann and Eigenmann. 


Head 3 times in length to base of caudal; depth about 4; pectoral 
about as long as head; dorsal rays VII to VIII, 17 to 19; anal 12 
to 14; ventral rays I, 4; the fin 3 in head; caudal a little longer than 
head; vertebrae about 12+20=32. Length of specimens in all cases, 
24 inches. 

Body moderately elongate; head large, more or less crushed in all 
examples so that individual bones can not well be traced. <A short 
forked spine on preopercle present in one example. Insertion of 
dorsal fin not far behind head; its spines very slender, the second 
longest, somewhat produced, about half head; other spines rapidly 
shortened; soft rays slender, rather high but shorter than longest 
spine (the last rays of dorsal and anal more or less obscure). Pec- 
toral rays 11 or 12, the fin broad; actinosts forming a considerable 
flat plate; ventrals shorter, 3 in head, entirely separate; thoracic, 
present in three examples, the rays strong and relatively long; verte- 
brae strong, short, and deep, hour-glass shaped, each with two prom- 
inent longitudinal ridges. Hypural strong; caudal broad, rounded, 
with 15 rays. No trace of scales or spinules. 

Of this species we have seventeen examples, all more or less 
broken, besides several fragments. These are imbedded in a chalky 
or calcareous deposit containing many diatoms, with fine sand of 
crushed chalcedony and quartz, mixed with more or less clay. 

Mr. Headley observes that the specimens were obtained from “a 
cave on the east side of the Carson Sink about five miles south of 








No. 2519.—PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL MuSEuM, VOL. 65, ART. 6. 
1 


2 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 65 


Stillwater. The cave is about 50 feet above the floor of the old 
Lake Lahontan and probably 350 feet below the highest beach line. 
The fossils were 6 feet below the surface of the ground. The walls 
of the cave were encrusted with tufa rock deposited by the old lake. 
The specimens were plentiful, in a layer not over one foot wide.” 

The question of the age of this deposit has been referred to Prof. 
J. C. Jones, of the University of Nevada, who decides, after per- 
sonal examination of the deposits, that “the fish skeletons were de- 
posited in Lahontan-time and probably not over a thousand or fifteen 
hundred years in age, if my conclusion as to the age of Lake Lahon- 
tan are correct. . . . Their living relatives should be found in 
Pyramid Lake, which is a remnant of Lake Lahontan. The greater 
bulk of the diatomaceous earth in Nevada was deposited during 
Middle Miocene time in western Nevada. The Lake Lahontan beds 
contain very little diatomaceous earth as the waters were rather 
muddy, but it is possible that in the protected cave, the diatoms 
lived in water clear enough to have formed rather pure diatomaceous 
earth of Lahontan age.” 

The specimens here figured are numbered 10905-10907 in the col- 
lection of the United States National Museum. Cotypes are in the 
collection of Stanford University. This description is drawn from 
the entire series, not one having all the fins complete. The species 
is evidently a Cottus, and it may be identical with one or more of the 
four fossil species described by Cope in 1883, from Pliocene deposits 
of the former Lake Idaho. (Cottus divaricatus, D. pontifex, D. 
hypoceras and C. cryptotremus.) These are all known only as 
many detached preopercles, and can not well be contrasted with 
Cottus belding?. 

The last named species, first described (in 1891) from Lake Tahoe 
and Donner Lake, is now found in all suitable waters throughout the 
Lahontan Basin, and is recorded from various localities in the upper 
Columbia (Jordan and Evermann). The only apparent differences 
are these: in Cottus beldingi the preopercular spine is simple and 
the ventral rays seem a little more slender than in the fossil. 


EXPLANATION OF PLATE. 


Fossil examples of Cottus beldingi Higenmann and Higenmann. Upper views 
are ventral aspects and the lower ones show dorsal views. Natural size. 


U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 65, ART. 6 PL. | 





COTTUS BELDING! EIGENMANN AND EIGENMANN 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 2 





NEW SPECIES OF MOTHS IN THE UNITED STATES 
NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


By Witi1aM Scuavs, 


Honorary Assistant Curator, United States National Museum. 


There have accumulated in the collections of the United States 
National Museum a large number of unidentified moths, many of 
them new to science, 150 of which are described in the present paper. 


Family AMATIDAE. 


SPHECOSOMA BESASA, new species. 


Male.—Antennae buff yellow, streaked and banded at middle with 
black followed by some white below, the terminal fourth black. 
Palpi yellowish white. Head black with a fine white line on vertex, 
the frons rubbed but apparently white; neck buff yellow. Tegulae 
buff yellow with a fine black line in front, broadly black behind. 
Thorax buff yellow, a black spot on metathorax; patagia edged with 
black dorsally and behind. Abdomen above antique brown on basal 
half, the terminal half black; underneath yellowish white, the three 
Jast segments black. Legs buff yellow, the fore and mid tarsi with 
minute dark rings. Wings hyaline, the veins very finely and cilia 
orange citrine. Fore wing with costal and vein 1 more thickly scaled 
at base. 

Expanse.—23 mm. 

Habitat.—Victoria, Brazil. 

Type.—Cat. No. 25870, U. S. N. M. 

Nearest S. linda Jones. 


ISANTHRENE RORERI, new species. 


Male——Antennae xanthine orange. Palpi, head, collar, and thorax 
ochraceous buff, palpi streaked above with black; base of antennae 
and a transverse streak on vertex black; tegulae edged with black; 
black lines on thorax; patagia edged with black; metathorax black 
posteriorly. Abdomen above black; basal segment with a dorsal white 
spot and an ochraceous buff spot on either side, also a lateral light 
orange yellow spot; the following three segments with broad light 





No. 2520—PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. 65, ART. 7. 
1 


my PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 65. 


orange yellow bands separated dorsally by a fine black line; these 
yellow bands extending sublaterally; terminal segments with trans- 
verse steel blue lines; underneath white with black segmental lines, 
the last segments black. Wings yellowish, hyaline, the veins black. 
Fore wing with the costa ochraceous; margins finely black, expand- 
ing somewhat at apex and base of inner margin, the latter with two 
ochraceous streaks. Hind wing with termen finely black; inner mar- 
gin black with orange yellow fringe and similar scaling at base and 
in cell. Fore wing below with only the terminal third finely black, 
the inner margin whitish. Hind wing below with inner margin light 
orange yellow. 

Expanse.—41 mm. 

Habitat—Near Macas, Ecuador. 

Type.—Cat. No. 25871, U.S.N.M. 

Received from Mrs. E. W. Rorer. 


AUTOCHLORIS ETHELA, new species. 


’emale.—Antennae black. Palpi, head, and thorax fuscous black; 
metallic azurite blue scales on vertex behind. Abdomen above mostly 
fuscous black; large paired white spots on first and second segments; 
light squill blue and white irrorations subdorsally on third segment; 
on the following three segments fine lines posteriorly of blue irrora- 
tions not meeting dorsally; last segments entirely scarlet red with a 
black dorsal line; segments 4-6 laterally scarlet red, ascending 
obliquely towards dorsum; underneath fuscous. Legs fuscous; some 
white scales at throat, on fore coxae, and white lines laterally at mid 
and hind femora. Wings hyaline white, the veins and margins nar- 
rowly black. Fore wing with hyaline streaks on basal half above 
and below costal vein; base narrowly black; an upright antemedial 
black bar from median to submedian; a similar bar on discocellular 
to costa. 

Expanse.—40 mm. 


Habitat.—Banos, Ecuador. 
L'ype.—Cat. No. 25872, U.S.N.M. 


Received from Mrs. E. W. Rorer, in whose honor I name this 
species. 
Near A. cuma Druce. 


AUTOCHLORIS SOLIMOES, new species. 


Female.—Head and body black; some metallic blue on frons, ver- 
tex behind, tegulae, metathorax and dorsally on basal segment of 
abdomen, the same segment with crimson subdorsal spots and a 
more outset crimson line on following segment. Legs black; a crim- 
son streak on inner side of fore coxae. Wings hyaline white, the 
veins black. Fore wing with termen rather broadly black, its inner 


il ttt tee 


ART. 7. - NEW SPECIES OF MOTHS—SCHAUS. = 


edge curved and angled at vein 2; costa and inner margin narrowly 
black; a large black spot on discocellular. Hind wing with cell 
and costa at base broadly black; termen black. 

Expanse.—26 mm. 

Habitat—Mouth of Rio Teffé and Rio Solimoes, Brazil. 

L'ype.—At Cornell University. 

Paratype.—Cat. No. 26166, U.S.N.M. 

Collected by the Cornell University Expedition, September 5, 
1920. We are indebted to the university for the paratype. 


SAROSA ALBRAAMEA, new species. 


Male.—Antennae black tipped with buff yellow and white. Palpi 
avellaneous with a fine lateral black line. Head, collar, and thorax 
buff yellow; large black spots on tegulae; thorax at middle and 
edges of patagia black, the dorsal edge very broadly so. Abdomen 
above black with transverse buff yellow lines, the basal segment en- 
tirely buff yellow with a black dorsal spot; underneath fuscous 
black with short segmental white lines to either side, the valve white 
with some black and buff yellow scaling at base. Legs entirely buff 
yellow. Wings hyaline, the veins mostly buff yellow thickly irro- 
rated with black. Fore wing; costal margin orange buff with semi- 
hyaline streaks on basal half above and below costal vein; outer 
margin fuscous black expanding slightly toward apex and at sub- 
median fold and vein 2. Hind wing with termen fuscous black, 
expanding below vein 2 to anal angle; costa straw yellow; inner mar- 
gin narrowly buff yellow; an inangled spot at discocellular. Hind 
wing below with the cell and costa buff yellow, the latter fringed 
with fuscous scales from just before middle to apex. 

Expanse.—27 mm. 

Habitat.—Rio Potaro, British Guiana. 

LT'ype.—Cat. No. 25873, U.S.N.M. 

Near S. atritorna Dognin. 


GYMNELIA DUCEI, new species. 


Female.——Antennae black with a white point at base. Head and 
body black; collar edged behind with xanthine orange and a similar 
streak on patagia; a short buff yellow segmental line on either side 
of basal segment of abdomen; subdorsal transverse blue bands on 
following segments, also lateral and sublateral blue spots; end of 
abdomen orange; ventrally the two basal segments white. Legs black 
partly irrorated with blue. Fore wing hyaline tinged with yellow 
ochre along veins; margins finely black; a buff yellow streak below 
submedian; apex rather broadly black. Hind wings hyaline white, 
the margins finely black, expanding before anal angle. 


4 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 65. 


Expanse.—32 mm. 

Habitat—Head of Carare River, Colombia. 
Type.—Cat. No. 25874, U.S.N.M. 

Collected by T. Duce. 

To be placed near G. frutera Schaus. 


GYMNELIA CENNOCHA, new species. 


Female——Antennae black; a white point at base in front. Palpi 
black with a few white scales in front. Head and thorax black; 
frons white; tegulae almost entirely cerulean blue; a similar streak 
along dorsal edge of patagia. Abdomen black with broad marine 
blue bands, the last two segments and anus orange buff; two orange 
spots on basal segment; a lateral white spot on basal segment; under- 
neath black; base white; terminal segments orange. Legs black, 
partly streaked with blue; white spots on mid and hind coxae. 
Wings hyaline, the veins black. Fore wing: an orange streak above 
subcostal vein from middle of wing to apical space; a white point on 
base of costa; base and inner margin black, the latter with black 
reaching submedian vein on basal third; termen black, expanding 
somewhat at vein 2, and from vein 3 to costa so the apex is broadly 
black; a black bar on discocellular. Hind wing with the termen nar- 
rowly black, expanding below vein 2 and suffusing with the rather 
broad black inner margin; upper portion of cell black; a black spot 
on lower part of discocellular. 

Expanse.—33 mm. 

Habitat—Rio ‘Trinidad, Panama. 

Type.—Cat. No. 25875, U.S.N.M. 


Near G. colona Schaus. 





GYMNELIA LUDGA, new species. 


Female.—Antennae black; a cream white spot at base in front. 
Palpi black, the base and second joint below cream color. Head 
black, the frons with cream color scales at sides and above; frons with 
metallic blue scales. Tegulae black, edged with buff yellow, the cen- 
ter ovate in shape. Thorax black; metallic blue scaling on front of 
patagia and metathorax; some yellow hairs below shoulders. Legs 
black streaked with blue; coxae with blue spots; mid tarsi orange. 
Abdomen black; red spots subdorsally on basal segment, and large 
lateral blue spots on other segments; sublateral blue spots on two 
basal segments. Wings hyaline, the veins black. Fore wing: inner 
margin and apex narrowly black; cilia black. Hind wing: cilia 
black; a small black patch at anal angle; upper portion of cell black. 
Hind wing below with upper portion oi cell with whitish scales 
edged below by a black line. 


ART. 7. NEW SPECIES OF MOTHS—SCHAUS. 5 


Expanse.—27 mm. 
Habitat.—Colombia ? 

Type.—Cat. No. 25876, U.S.N.M. 
Received from Dr. H. G. Dyar. 


PHEIA DOSITHEA, new species. 


Female.—Antennae fuscous with gray streaks at tips; a white 
point at base. Palpi and head black; some white scaling in front; 
some blue scales on vertex; neck white. Tegulae, thorax, and ab- 
domen fuscous; some blue scales on tegulae and buff yellow streaks 
on dorsal edge; similar broad streaks on patagia downangled in front 
on shoulders; a broad yellow white band on basal segment of abdo- 
men, the other segments with fine buff yellow segmental lines and 
traces of subdorsal and lateral blue scaling, the anal hairs buff yel- 
low. Abdomen below with white segmental lines on two basal seg- 
ments. Legs fuscous, the mid and hind tarsi clay color; white points 
on coxae. Wings hyaline, the veins fuscous black. Fore wing: inner 
margin and termen fuscous black, expanding above vein 4 to costa 
and at vein 2; an ochraceous buff line on costal vein, similar streaks 
above and below vein 1 to near middle. Hind wing: termen rather 
narrowly fuscous black, the inner margin more broadly black; upper 
part of cell and disco-cellular with dark scaling; costa white. Hind 
wing below with costa to beyond end of cell and upper part of cell 
buff yellow. 

Expanse.—27 mm. 

Habitat—Aroa, Venezuela. 

Type.—Cat. No. 25877, U.S.N.M. 

Can be placed near P. serpensis Kaye. 





PHEIA PROTERIA, new species. 


Male-—Head and body black; scarlet spots on tegulae and shoul- 
ders; a transverse yellow white spot on basal segment of abdomen, 
blue black bands on following segments, slightly metallic on last two 
segments. Antennae streaked with white before tips; fore coxae, a 
lateral spot on pectus, and spots on mid and hind coxae white; base 
of abdomen below and ventral valve white. Wings hyaline, the veins 
black. Fore wing: margins black, the termen broadly so especially 
from vein 4 to apex, also below vein 2; a black fascia on discocellu- 
lar widest on costa; a scarlet spot at base below cell. Hind wing: ter- 
men black, widest at apex. 

Hixpanse.—25 mm. 

Habitat—Cabima, Panama. 

Type.—Cat. No. 25878, U.S.N.M. 

Collected by A. Busck. 

Near P. haematosticta Jones. 


6 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 65. 
LOXOPHLEBIA TIBBA, new species. 


Male.—Antennae blue black with a white streak below before tips. 
Body blue black; an orange red line on shoulders. Legs black; the last 
joint of hind tibae and basal half of hind tarsi white on upper side; 
a white streak on base of fore tarsi. Wings hyaline, the veins black. 
Fore wing: base and margins black, the outer margin expanding 
above vein 2 to costa; discocellular obliquely black. Hind wing with 
margins and cell black. Wings below as above. 

Expanse.—20 mm. 

Habitat—Aroa, Venezuela. 

Type.—Cat. No. 25879, U.S.N.M. 

Near LZ. masa Druce. 


CHROSTOSOMA ENNA, new spccies. 


Female.—Antennae and palpi fuscous. Head, collar, and thorax 
black; pectus and legs fuscous. Abdomen orange buff; the anal and 
posterior portion of adjoining segment black; underneath with only 
the anal segment black. Wings hyaline, the veins black. Fore wing 
with the margins narrowly black expanding at apex and vein 2; 
a hyaline streak on costa from base to above discocellular. Hind 
wing; termen narrowly black expanding at apex and before anal 
angle. 

Expanse.—27 mm. 

Habitat.——Colombia ? 

Type.—Cat. No. 25880, U.S.N.M. 

From Staudinger as Cosmosoma stibostictum Butler. Hampson 
gives as Ab. 1, a form without white points at base of fore wings or 
white on head, thorax, and coxae; this form has been named dealbata 
by Draudt. It is possible that both Hampson and Draudt failed to 
examine the venation and that it is the same as C. enna Schaus. 


CHROSTOSOMA LEA, new species. 


Male.—Body above and legs black; a crimson spot on shoulders 
and a large spot on patagia; lateral white patches at base of abdo- 
men. Body below yellowish white, the abdomen with fine black 
segmental lines. Fore wing hyaline smoky white, the veins black; 
inner margin fuscous black and similar irrorations from termen 
along vein 2 to near cell, also about discocellular; apex black. Hind 
wing hyaline white, the veins black; termen suffused with black, 
especially at apex and before anal angle. 

Expanse.—25 mm. 

Habitat.——Potaro River, British Guiana. 

Type.—Cat. No. 25881, U.S.N.M. 

Near C. dolens Walker. 





art 7. NEW SPECIES OF MOTHS—SCHAUS. 7 
COSMOSOMA JOAVANA, new species. 


Male.—Antennae black tipped with white. Head and body black; 
frons metallic blue and similar spots on tegulae; broad orange ru- 
fous lines on patagia; a blue patch on metathorax; dorsal, lateral, 
and sublateral blue spots on abdomen; metallic blue on pectus and 
fore femora; fore tibiae inwardly streaked with whitish. Wings 
hyaline, the veins black. Fore wing: an orange rufous streak cn 
costa and on inner margin to near termen; a short streak above sub- 
median at base; similar spots between veins 2 and 4 at cell, and one 
subterminally between veins 1 and 2; termen black, expanding from 
vein 4 to costa; a black bar on discocellular. Hind wing with the 
margins black, the cilia tipped with white at apex. Fore wing 
below with the inner margin black; a salmon orange streak along 
costa and similar spots at cell between veins 2 and 4. Hind wing 
below as above; a broad salmon orange streak on basal half of costa; 
the terminal area clothed with rough scales. 

Expanse.—32 mm. 

Habitat.—Juan Vinas, Costa Rica. 

Type.—Cat. No. 25882, U.S.N.M. 

Allied to C. proton Druce and C. purulha Schaus. 


COSMOSOMA GRETA, new species. 


Male.—Palpi, head, abdomen, and legs black, metallic blue patches 
on frons, vertex, and fore coxae, large lateral spots on abdomen, and 
sublateral spots on basal half; base of abdomen below white; tegulae, 
thorax, and patagia dragon’s blood red; some blue scaling on thorax ; 
fuscous hairs on edge of patagia. Fore wing hyaline white, the 
veins and margins black, the apex broadly so; a black bar on dis- 
cocellular; a dragon’s blood red line above subcostal to black apical 
space, a similar line below submedian, and basal scaling from cell to 
vein 1, also patches between veins 2 and 4 from cell, reaching near 
tornus below vein 3, shorter above 3. Hind wing black; a hyaline 
streak below cell, one at lower angle in cell, and two beyond cell. 
Wings below with orange red scaling at base of costa on fore and 
hind wing, the patch between veins 2 and 4 entirely black; hind 
wing with termen clothed with rough scales. 

Expanse.—33 mm. 

Habitat.—Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. 

Type.—Cat. No. 26062, U.S.N.M. 

Near (. remotum Walker. 


PSILOPLEURA SENANA, new species. 


Female.—Palpi and body black; some metallic blue on frons, 
vertex, tegulae, and forming subdorsal spots on abdomen; a scarlet 


8 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 65. 


red spot on shoulder, and a similar dorsal spot at base of abdomen. 
Body below and legs fuscous black; white scaling on pectus and fore 
femora. Fore wing hyaline irrorated with black hairs on basal 
half; veins, inner margin, and termen narrowly, apex broadly black; 
a smoky shade across end of cell and discocellular from costa to 
inner margin. Hind wing hyaline white irrorated with black hairs 
towards the black termen and especially on submedian fold; costa 
narrowly black. Underside as above. 

Expanse.—26 mm. 

Habitat.—Porto Velho, Madeira River, Brazil. 

Type.—Cat. No. 25883, U.S.N.M. 

A male from the same locality and evidently belonging to this 
species has the hind wing more densely scaled, white. The inner 


margin of fore wing below white, the pectus and abdomen below - 


white, and white streaks on fore and hind femora. 
SAURITA ANSELMA, new species. 


Male.—Antennae fuscous black. Frons white; vertex black with 
scarlet hairs behind. 'Tegulae and thorax scarlet. Abdomen black, 
the basal segment with blue scaling dorsally and subdorsal vertical 
scarlet lines. Legs black, the fore tibiae inwardly grayish. Wings 
black. Fore wing: the base scarlet, broader on costa than on inner 
margin; a hyaline streak in cell, bifurcating towards end of cell; a 
hyaline streak below cell to vein 2; some blue scaling on lower disco- 
cellular; cilia grayish white. Hind wing: cilia grayish white. 
Wings below with base scarlet, on hind wing broadest on costal 
margin; some light mouse gray shading at tornus of fore wing and 
on termen of hind wing, upbent above submedian. 

Expanse.—28 mm. 

Habitat—Tabernilla, Panama. 

Type.—Cat. No. 25884, U.S.N.M. 

Collected by A. Busck. 


SAURITA GERALDA, new species. 


Female—Antennae black with gray tips. Head black; blue scal- 
ing on frons and vertex. Tegulae and thorax orange rufous, the 
tegulae edged with opalescent blue scales, and some similar irrora- 
tions on patagia and shoulders; metathorax thickly irrorated with 
opalescent blue scales. Abdomen black; a dorsal bluish white line; 
a lateral dull whitish line. Legs fuscous black. Wings smoky hya- 
line, the veins black. Fore wing: the margins narrowly black, ex- 
panding at base of inner margin to submedian fold; subbasal blue 
scaling on costa and median vein; discal fold with a black line pro- 
jecting into cell; some blackish suffusions before termen from vein 


ART. 7. NEW SPECIES OF MOTHS—SCHAUS. 9 


3 to costa forming short streaks on interspaces. Hind wing with the 
margins black, rather wider on inner margin than on termen. 
Expanse.—22 mm. 
Habitat.—San Esteban Valley, Venezuela. 
Type.—Cat. No. 25885, U.S.N.M. 
Received from Dr. H. G. Dyar. 


DYCLADIA MARMANA, new species. 


Female.—Palpi fuscous. Antennae black with white before tips. 
Head and body fuscous black; frons and vertex with metallic blue 
scaling; bluish white spots on tegulae in front, points on shoulders, 
and irrorations on thorax; some faint bluish white scaling on ab- 
domen dorsally, and similar Jateral patches; underneath with ochra- 
ceous shading on basal segment. Legs fuscous; a streak on inner side 
of fore femora, mid and hind tarsi, also throat cream buff. Fore 
wing fuscous black; a blue point at base. Hind wing fuscous black 
fantly tinged with blue black; cilia on inner margin white. Wings 
below fuscous black; some white hairs at base of fore wing below 
cell. The antennae are pectinated, the hind tibiae and tarsi smooth; 
otherwise it might be taken for a Macrocneme. 

Expanse.—31 mm. 

Habitat.—Potaro River, British Guiana. 

Type.—Cat. No. 25886, U.S.N.M. 





DYCLADIA BASIMACULA, new species. 


Male.—Palpi ochraceous orange, the third joint, except narrowly 
at base, and tips of second joint black. Head black; a transverse 
band in front of antennae ochraceous orange. Antennae black, the 
basal joint ochraceous orange. Body above black; outer edge of 
tegulae, the patagia and a lateral stripe on abdomen ochraceous 
orange; some black hairs on outer edge of patagia. Legs black; fore 
coxae capucine yellow, other coxae, and base of tarsi pale orange 
yellow. Fore wing semi-hyaline pale ochraceous buff; a large black 
spot at base and one at end of cell with a black fascia below it to 
termen, this fascia extending from vein 3 to inner margin; a large 
black spot occupying the apical space; costal margin and inner 
margin to middle cinnamon rufous; termen between veins 3 and 5 
narrowly fine orange; veins across semi-hyaline portions orange buff. 
Hind wing capucine yellow, the termen black broadly from vein 2 to 
costa. Wings below similar but the basal spot or fore wing much 
smaller. 

Expanse.—30 mm. 

Habitat—Caura Valley, Venezuela; also from Trinidad. 

Type.—Cat. No. 260638, U.S.N.M. 


10 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 65. 


It is possible that this is the true D. correbiodes Felder as his 
figure shows some black at base of fore wing, and it would be neces- 
sary to examine the type; should this prove to be the case I suggest 
the name of D. felderi for the race from Colombia and Panama 
which usually goes under the name of D. correbioides; it differs in 
having no black spot at base of fore wing, the lateral line on abdomen 
much shorter, not reaching beyond middle of abdomen, the legs black 
with the base of tarsi and coxae yellow. In collection from Merida, 
Venezuela, and Panama. The race found from Costa Rica to 
Mexico has all the coxae black and for this I suggest the name of 
D. emerita. 

MACROCNEME EUPHRASIA, new species. 


Male.—Antennae black tipped with white. Palpi fuscous black, 
laterally white at base. Head black; frons with lateral white spots; 
some white irrorations on vertex. Collar and thorax black; tegulae 
with metallic golden green scaling and white lines on dorsal and 
lateral edge; thorax mottled with golden green and a similar streak 
on patagia. Abdomen above golden bronze; basal segment with sub- 
dorsal black patches containing a white spot; sublateral white spots 
on two basal segments; underneath black with transverse green bands 
and ventral white spots except on last two segments. Legs black, 
white points on coxae; hind tibiae with white fringe at tips. Fore 
wing fuscous black; two white points at base; some golden green 
scales on base of costa, a broad streak below cell on basal fourth, and 
a streak along inner margin to beyond middle. Hind wing fuscous 
black, faintly tinged with blue black; a white spot at base of cell. 
Fore wing below with golden green irrorations on basal half of 
costa, in cell to beyond middle and a streak below cell; some white 
hairs at base of median, and a blue white line on submedian medially. 
Hind wing below with a golden green streak on costa and one in cell. 

Expanse.—35 mm. 

Habitat—Potaro River, British Guiana. 

Type.—Cat. No. 25887, U.S.N.M. 

This species comes nearest J/. lades Cramer, which has only a 
golden green spot at base. 

The species identified by Hampson as lJades is quite different and 
must stand as W/. leucostigma Perty. 


PSEUDAETHRIA, new genus. 


Male.—Proboscis fully developed; palpi upturned reaching vertex 
of head, smooth, the third joint short; antennae bipectinate with 
short branches dilated at extremity, the apical part serrate; abdomen 
slightly constricted at base, the last segment with lateral tufts. Fore 
wings normal, the outer margin oblique; vein 2 from just beyond 








| 


arr. 7. NEW SPECIES OF MOTHS—SCHAUS. 11 


middle of cell; 3 from before angle; 4 and 5 from angle; 6 from up- 
per angle; 7 to 10 stalked; 11 from cell. Hind wing with vein 2 
from long before angle; 3 and 4 stalked from angle; 5 from above 
angle; 6 and 7 from upper angle. 

Type of the genus —Pscudaethria cessogae Schaus. 

Near Aethria. 


PSEUDAETHRIA CESSOGAE, new species. 


Male.—Antennae black with a short white streak on shaft beyond 
middle. Head and body above ochraceous orange, underneath yel- 
jow; some black streaks on palpi and fore coxae; tarsi partly black; 
Jast segment of abdomen below black crossed by a metallic blue line; 
anal and lateral tufts fuscous black; anal segment above light metal- 
lic blue. Wings hyaline, the veins black. Fore wing: the base 
ochraceous orange, indentate below cell; inner margin, costa, and 
apex narrowly black; cilia black. Hind wing: costa and termen very 
narrowly black, expanding somewhat below vein 2 and more so at 
anal angle; inner margin finely orange. Underneath both wings 
with yellow at base. 

Eixpanse.—33 mm. 

Habitat.—Joinville, Brazil. 

Type.—Cat. No. 25888, U.S.N.M. 

Received from Julius Arp. 


EPISCEPSIS SATANIA, new species. 


Male.—Palpi, head, thorax, legs, fore wing, and basal hairs on 
abdomen sepia. Abdomen blue black with some silvery green scaling 
on terminal segments, also on head, irrorations on tegulae, a slight 
transverse bar on thorax, and fine streaks on patagia; fore coxae 
entirely silvery green. Hind wing blue black; a streak below cell 
whitish, thinly irrorated with black. Wings below fuscous; hind 
wing with a white streak below cell, and a broader white streak be- 
fore inner margin. 

Expanse.—26 mm. 

Habitat—Santa Rosa, Mexico. 

Type.—Cat. No. 25889, U.S.N.M. 

The hind wing above without tuft of long hair at base of inner 
margin. 

ANTICHLORIS LAMALISSA, new species. 


Male.—Antennae blue black. Palpi fuscous black; a lateral white 
line on first joint. Head, collar, and thorax black; metallic blue 
green scaling on frons, vertex, and tegulae; metallic green scaling on 
thorax and streaks on patagia. Abdomen above golden green with 
subdorsal black stripes; a lateral white spot on second segment and 
sublateral white stripes, macular on two terminal segments; ven- 


12 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 65. 


trally golden green. Legs fuscous black; transverse white lines on 
fore coxae. Fore wing blue black; a small blue green spot on base of 
costa; a metallic green streak in cell from well beyond base, bifur- 
cating and not reaching end of cell; similar streaks from base below 
cell and fold, and a narrow streak below vein 1 which is the shortest 
and does not reach middle of wing. Hind wing black tinged with 
purple, the costa broadly ochreous white. Fore wing below mostly 
dark purplish blue, the disk shaded with blue green, the space cov- 
ered by hind wing whitish partly covered with fuscous hairs. Hind 
wing below tinged with purple, the costa and cell blue green. 

Expanse.—38 mm. 

Habitat.—Sitio, Costa Rica. 

Type.—Cat. No. 25890, U.S.N.M. 


LYMIRE LACINA, new species. 


Female.—Palpi, throat, fore coxae, and back of head capucine 
orange. Frons, tegulae, thorax, and fore wing light drab. Abdomen 
above fuscous, underneath white. Legs light drab streaked with 
whitish gray. Fore wing with costal edge toward apex and cilia 
whitish; underneath brownish drab the apical area suffused with 
white, and a whitish streak at base below costa. Hind wing above 
thinly scaled brownish drab, the base whitish; underneath similar. 

Expanse.—35 mm. 

Habitat.—Matanzas, Cuba. 

Type.—Cat. No. 25891, U.S.N.M. 

Probably a local form of L. edwardsti Grote, with darker wings. 


HORAMA SERENA, new species. 


Male.—Antennae black with yellow tips. Palpi, head, collar, and 
thorax buff yellow; a fuscous streak on outer edge of patagia. Ab- 
domen saccardo’s umber; two dorsal white spots on first segment, 
uniting in front; ventral valve laterally edged with white. Legs 
mostly orange or orange buff; fore tibiae and tarsi whitish butt; 
joints of hind tibiae fuscous. Fore wing tawny olive. Hind wing 
orange buff at base to middle of costa and inner margin before angle; 
termen tawny olive. Wings below tawny olive, the costal margin of 
hind wing broadly capucine yellow. 

Expanse.—28 mm. 

Habitat.—Canal Zone, Panama. 

Type.—Cat. No. 25892, U.S.N.M. 

The antennae are pectinated, the hind tibiae and tarsi naked. 


LEUCOPLEURA CIARANA, new species. 


Male.—Antennae black. Palpi black; a few white hairs at tip 
of first joint and at base of third joint. Head and body black; frons 








———-—— 


ART. 7. NEW SPECIES OF MOTHS—SCHAUS. 13 


white; metallic blue spots on tegulae; white points on shoulders; two 
small white spots on thorax in front edged with blue scales, and some 
blue irrorations between them; metathorax with dorsal blue patch 
and lateral white tufts. Abdomen with subdorsal lines and ventral 
white stripe; white spots on coxae; hind legs inwardly white. Fore 
wing blue black; a white and blue point at base of costa; a blue 
stripe below cell from base to an antemedial ovate hyaline white 
spot; some blue at base of inner margin; an oblique hyaline fascia 
beyond the cell from veins 3-7, but interrupted between 5 and 6, 
only a short fine streak remaining below 6. Hind wing metallic 
spectrum bine partly changing to paris blue; costa narrowly, a fine 
terminal line, and cilia black; a submarginal black stripe on inner 
margin, and a black shade below vein 2 expanding on termen and 
irrorated with blue; a hyaline streak below cell, and hyaline spots 
beyond cell above and below vein 5. Wings below with metallic blue 
on basal half. 

Expanse.—31 mm. 

Habitat—Tabernilla, Panama. 

Lype.—Cat. No. 25893, U.S.N.M. 

Collected by A. Busck. 

Differs from ZL. cucadma Druce by the reduced hyaline fascia on 
fore wing and the entirely blue hind wing. 


CHLOROSTOLA ANUSIA, new species. 


Mate—Black; antennae tipped with white; a white point above 
eye; tegulae with white dorsal points and lateral white spots; white 
spots on shoulders; bluish white points on patagia; coaxe white; 
abdomen with dorsal white points on first two segments, sh¢ht light 
blue subdorsal marks on other segments; similar points laterally and 
sublateral white spots on first three segments, the following segizents 
laterally and ventrally also the last segment above rufous, the latter 
with a black dorsal line. Fore wing with antemedial metallic dull 
deep yellow green band; two slight hyaline streaks in middle of cell 
and a spot below it; two spots towards end of cell and a speck above, 
base of vein 2; a fine green line on discocellular; four hyaline spots 
beyond cell followed by a metallic dull deep yellow green space in- 
bent below vein 3 to middle of inner margin. Hind wing with hya- 
line patch in end of cell, a large spot below cell, and a small spot on 
inner area; two conjoined spots beyond the cell. 

Expanse.—42 mm. 

Habitat—Cordoba, Mexico. 

Type.—Cat. No. 25894, U.S.N.M. 

Only differs from C. corydon Druce in the rufous terminal color- 
ation of abdomen. 


14 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 65. 
AGYRTA MACASIA, new species. 


Female.—Palpi black, first segment below scarlet red. Head black; 
frons edged with white; vertex behind and neck scarlet red. Collar 
black tinged with cyanine blue. Thorax cyanine blue, the patagia 
black. Abdomen above cyanine blue, with upright lateral black 
lines; underneath pale cerulean blue. Legs fuscous, the tarsi tinged 
with parula blue. Fore wing blue black; a hyaline streak in cell 
along median, not reaching base, subcostal, or end, its upper edge 
rounded terminally; a narrower streak below cell from nearer base; 
a large spot between veins 2 and 3, diverging from vein 3 and not 
reaching termen; an oblique semi-hyaline white spot towards apex cut 
by vein 5; a cyanine blue streak from base above and below sub- 
median; cilia black. Hind wing black shot with cyanine blue, 
faintly showing a slightly hyaline streak on underside below cell 
from base to near termen. Fore wing below duller; a fine blue 
streak on costa and one in cell below subcostal. 

Expanse.—27 mm. 

Habitat.——Below Macas, Ecuador. 

Type.—Cat. No. 25895, U.S.N.M. 

Received from Mrs. E. W. Rorer. 


DELPHYRE NILAMMON, new species. 


Male.—Head and thorax drab gray; palpi darker in front, black- 
ish at sides and behind; antennae black with white tips; frons medi- 
ally white; white tufts at base of antennae and a white streak on 
shaft at base; back of head orange; blackish spots on collar, and 
similar streaks on edge of patagia. Abdomen light orange yellow 
above, the last two segments black; anal segment white medially, 
fuscous laterally; underneath the last three segments black; a lateral 
black line; tibiae and tarsi black; coxae hght orange yellow. Fore 
wing pale drab gray; a fuscous streak at base of costa and blackish 
line from base of inner margin suffusing with postmedial line at 
middle of margin; an antemedial fuscous line from median, outan- 
egled at fold; two fuscous lines in outer half of cell, the upper line 
divided by a small drab shade; a small fuscous spot beyond disco- 
cellular and elongated spots from cell between veins 2 to 5, the long- 
est between veins 3 and 4; a fuscous postmedial line from a blackish 
spot on costa, outcurved, suffusing with the postcellular spot below 
vein 4, apparent again from middle of spot above vein 2 and inbent 
to middle of inner margin; three subterminal fuscous spots from 
costa, and much smaller spots above and below vein 2 and above vein 
1; a streak on inner margin to tornus; large terminal spots, suffusing 
at apex; the spot between veins 2 and 3 reduced to a streak. Hind 
wing whitish, the outer and inner margins broadly fuscous black. 








ART. 7. NEW SPECIES OF MOTHS—SCHAUS. 15 


somewhat narrower between veins 2 and 5. Fore wing below white 
without basal markings, the discal spots suffusing and joining the 
tornal spot; apex broadly fuscous black from above vein 3. Hind 
wing below with the costa also fuscous black. 

Expanse.—40 mm. 

Habitat.—Rio Potaro, British Guiana. 

Type.——Cat. No. 25896, U.S.N.M. 

In appearance very much like Hucereon inconspicua, female, 
Lathy figured by Hampson,' but the venation is of course different. 


HELIURA NATHALAN, new species. 


Female.—Antennae black, the base and a short streak on shaft 
cream white. Palpi fuscous black in front, otherwise black. Head 
and thorax light drab; back of head orange; tegulae and patagia 
edged with black; metathorax buff yellow. Abdomen fuscous black, 
the subdorsal hairs blue black; the fifth and sixth, also front of 
seventh segment buff yellow; underneath buff yellow except on two 
last segments; legs black; coxae buff yellow. Fore wing cream buff 
faintly tinged with gray, the markings black except a buff yellow 
spot at base followed by a black line expanding to base on inner 
margin and toothed on vein 1; a spot on costa and one in cell before 
middle; a faint line from origin of vein 2 to fold, then inbent and 
thick; a bar from costa across discocellular, followed by irregular 
spots forming a postmedial series, vertical to vein 3, inbent from 3 to 
2, outangled on vein 1; a broad subterminal line from costa to vein 
5; blackish marginal suffusions at apex; an upright bar between 
veins 3 and 5, and an inangled spot below vein 2. Hind wing fus- 
cous black; basal half of costa whitish. Wings below fuscous black ; 
fore wing with some white in cell, and a streak below it from base; 
two postmedial white spots between veins 5 and 7, and two spots 
outset between 3 and 5; hind wing with the cell and a streak below 
it white. 

Expanse.—36 mm. 

Habitat.—Rio Potaro, British Guiana. 

Type.—Cat. No. 25897, U.S.N.M. 

I can not compare this to any other species. 


HELIURA CADROE, new species. 


Male——Antennae fuscous. Head and thorax drab gray; a small 
blackish spot on vertex; peach red spots behind head; patagia be- 
hind blackish, the dorsal edge of patagia broadly so; dark lines 
on shoulders, and a short line on patagia outwardly; some white on 
metathorax. Abdomen fuscous black; traces of fine scarlet seg- 
mental lines on terminal half; anal hairs buff white. Legs mostly 





1Lep. Brit. Mus. supplements, vol. 1, pl. 19. fig. 9% 


16 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 65. 


fuscous; coxae light pink. Fore wing drab gray, the markings 
black; basal, antemedial, postmedial, and subterminal streaks on 
costa; a black streak at base below cell outwardly downcurved; a 
streak on submedian fold, and a broad oblique streak at base below 
submedian; a short antemedial streak on inner margin, slightly 
upbent with a small spot just beyond above vein 1; a round spot in 
middle of cell; a small spot at lower angle of cell, and a larger 
spot above it; a spot beyond cell between veins 5 and 6, and a small 
spot above 6; a spot below vein 3 at cell, one below vein 2 and a 
streak on inner margin; elongate streaks between veins 3 and 5 and 
spots below vein 2 and at tornus; large subterminal spots from 
costa to below vein 6; terminal spots, large at apex, decreasing to a 
point below vein 2. Hind wing black; base of costa, cell, and a 
streak below cell whitish. Fore wing below black; a white spot 
in cell, and a large spot below it; postmedial white spots from vein 
8 to 5, and outset from vein 5 to tornus. Hind wing below with the 
costa black. 

Expanse.—36 mm. 

Habitat—Potaro River, British Guiana. 

Type.—Cat. No. 25898, U.S.N.M. 

Near H. thysbodes Dognin. 


EUCEREON DUTHACA, new species. 


Male.—Palpi deep mouse gray, the first joint whitish in front. 
Head, collar, thorax, and fore wings hght cinnamon drab; two faint 
pale ochreous spots behind vertex; a fine black medial line from 
head to metathorax; faint fuscous spots on tegulae; black lines on 
either side of patagia. Abdomen above scarlet; a fuscous black 
dorsal patch on three basal segments; anal hairs black; a broad 
black lateral line; underneath pale salmon color, the last segment 
partly black. Legs drab gray streaked with deep mouse gray, the 
tarsi black; coxae pale salmon color, the fore coxae only partly so. 
Fore wing: a black antemedial line thick and outbent on costa, 
curved, fine, and deeply inbent to fold with a projecting line to a 
black angled basal line below cell, from the fold it is again outbent 
to above submedian, bifurcating shortly at its tip; a curved black 
line along inner margin to near termen; a quadrate black spot in 
middle of cell, its lower edge outbent to a black discocellular line; 
a short fuscous streak medially below cell; veins from cell streaked 
with fuscous; a very fine double, fuscous, postmedial line, outcurved 
beyond cell, the inner line starting from a black spot on costa, the 
outer line from vein 7, obsolescent below vein 3; a postmedial and 
a subterminal thick short black streak between veins 2 and 3; a 
subterminal dentate fuscous black line from vein 8 to vein 5, and 
fuscous streaks on submedian vein and below it; marginal fuscous 


art. 7. NEW SPECIES OF MOTHS—SCHAUS. 17 


black streaks on interspaces. Hind wing fuscous black terminally, 
paler shaded towards base, the cell and space just beyond almost 
semi-hyaline whitish. Fore wing below fuscous black, the inner 
margin faintly whitish; a white spot in cell towards discocellular ; 
postmedial white spots between veins 5 and 8 and subterminal white 
spots between veins 5 and 3. Hind wing below whitish, the veins 
and margins fuscous black. 

Expanse.—39 mm. 

Habitat—Sao Paulo, South East Brazil. 

Type.—Cat. No. 25899, U.S.N.M. 

Received from H. von Ihering. 

The markings very similar to those of ZL’. complicatum Butler. 





EUCEREON THEOPHANES, new species. 


Male.—Antennae black, the shaft on terminal half grayish olive. 
Palpi black, in front deep grayish olive; some white at base of first 
joint. Frons blackish; vertex drab with a large black spot; orange 
spots behind; tegulae grayish olive, broadly black behind; thorax 
black with grayish olive hairs in front and on metathorax, the latter 
tipped with yellow; grayish olive streaks on patagia and a line on 
shoulders outwardly edged with orange yellow. Abdomen above 
black to beyond middle then orange yellow, part of last segment and 
anus black; a broad lateral black line; underneath light orange 
yellow, the last segment black. Legs fuscous black, the coxae white. 
Fore wing pale drab gray, the costal and inner margins and veins 
olive ocher, the spots black; base consisting of spots increasing in 
size to inner margin, interrupted at base of median by a small 
ochraceous spot; antemedial spots on costa, below cell, and above sub- 
median; a medial point in cell and spots above and below vein 1; a 
large irregular spot at end of cell, a streak above it on costa, and an 
oblique spot below it between veins 2 and 3, another spot below this 
and a streak on inner margin; a spot beyond discocellular and a 
point above vein 6; elongated spots between veins 5 and 8 at cell, the 
lower spot the longer with a small spot below vein 2; subterminal 
large spots from costa to vein 5; terminal spots, the smallest between 
veins 2 and 4, and 5 and 6. Hind wing with the basal half semi- 
hyaline white, the outer and inner margins broadly black. Fore 
wing below black; a quadrate medial white spot in cell, and a large 
spot below it joining the white inner margin; postmedial white spots 
from vein 8 to vein 2, those between 2 and 5 outset. Hind wing 
helow with the costa black. 

Expanse.—31 mm. 

Habitat.—Rio Potaro, British Guiana. 

T'ype.——Cat No. 25900, U.S.N.M. 

In appearance of wings somewhat like eliura thysbodes Dognin. 

45554—25—Proe.N.M.vol.65-—_7 


18 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 65. 
EUCEREON CYNEBURGE, new species. 


Female.—Palpi white, the second joint with a broad black band, 
the third joint with a black ring at base, the tip yellowish. Head 
white faintly tinged with yellow; a short oblique black line on frons 
laterally; a black point on vertex. Tegulae and thorax white; tri- 
angular black spots posteriorly on collar, similar spots on shoulders, 
and a short streak on dorsal side of patagia. Abdomen above light 
orange yellow, the dorsum broadly fuscous at base, narrowing on 
following segments, the edges saw shape, the anal and previous seg- 
ment entirely light orange yellow; a lateral fuscous line; underneath 
white. Legs white, the tibiae and joints streaked with fuscous black, 
also similar shading on fore coxae; fore and mid tarsi black, hind 
tarsi white. Fore wing white, the veins pallid purplish gray, the 


markings black; four spots on costa; a subbasal triangular mark 


below cell, and a short line on inner margin; antemedial points 
below median and above submedian, an inset streak below submedian; 
two inversely semilunar lines at middle of cell and two small spots 
at end of cell; a postmedial series of points inbent to middle of inner 
margin from below vein 7, the point below vein 4 outset; an irregular 
outer series of short streaks and points, the streaks below veins 3, 6, 
and 7; a small subapical spot above vein 7; terminal points above 
tornus forming a short thick streak. Hind wing light cinnamon 
drab, the base and just beyond cell whitish. Fore wing below white, 
the veins fuscous, also a round spot in middle of cell, a large spot 
over discocellular and the base of interspaces between veins 3 and 5; 
the outer spots fuscous mostly suffusing, the terminal spots as above. 
Hind wing below with the whitish portion more distinct and extend- 
ing to inner margin and near anal angle. 

Expanse.—43 mm. 

Habitat—West Indies without precise locality. 

Type—Cat. No. 25901, U.S.N.M. 

Nearest EZ’. ochrota Hampson. 





EUCEREON CHOSICA, new species. 


Male——Body and wings avellaneous; yellow streaks on tegulae, 
shoulders and dorsal side of patagia; tip of abdomen yellow. Abdo- 
men below whitish on middle segments. Fore wing: faint tilleul 
buff streaks on interspaces postmedially forming a curved shade be- 
yond cell which is followed by a darker shade; a dark spot on dis- 
cocellular; a subterminal tilleul buff line. Hind wing thinly scaled 
buffish white suffused on outer half with avellaneous. Wings under- 
neath avellaneous, the fore wing with a quadrate white spot beyond 
cell between veins 5 and 7, the hind wing somewhat whitish in disk. 

Expanse.—30 mm. 


Arr. 7. NEW SPECIES OF MOTHS—SCHAUS. 19 


Habitat.—Chosica, Peru. 

Type.—aAt Cornell University. 

Collected, May 25, 1920, at Chosica, Peru, by the Cornell Univer- 
sity Expedition. 

The female is larger and darker, the markings similar to the male. 

Expanse.—40 mm. 

Paratype.—Cat. No. 26167, U.S.N.M. 

The Museum is indebted to Cornell University for the paratype. 
The species is allied to Z. costulatum Herrich-Schaeffer. 


PROPYRIA MORELOSIA, new species. 


Male.—Head, body, and legs silky black. Fore wing carmine, the 
margins black, narrow at base of costa expanding slightly before 
middle of wing, on inner margin narrow on basal fourth, then ob- 
liquely expanding to vein 3 at lower angle of cell; the carmine space 
is slightly constricted beyond cell, then somewhat spatulate. Hind 
wing black, the costal margin, cell, and a streak below cell carmine, 
the apex remaining black. Fore wing below as above, the veins from 
middle of wing to black terminal margins olive gray, the black be- 
low cell and veins 2 and 3 reduced to irrorations. Hind wing as 
above. 

Expanse.—24 mm. 

Habitat——Morelos, Mexico. 

Type.—Cat. No. 25902, U.S.N.M. 


PROPYRIA FRIDOLINIA, new species. 


Female—Head and body fuscous black; shoulders and patagia 
maize yellow. Fore wing fuscous black; costal margin broadly maize 
yellow from base to beyond end of cell, its end oblique, the yellow 
below subcostal not reaching end of cell. Hind wing cadmium yel- 
low, the termen broadly black, its inner edge sinuous; inner margin 
with a few black scales. Fore wing below light orange yellow from 
costa to well below cell; outer margin broadly black, projecting above 
submedian toward base; inner margin whitish yellow to beyond 
middle. Hind wing below as above. 

Expanse.—22 mm. 

Habitat —Volcan Sta Maria, Guatemala. 

Type.—Cat. No. 25903, U.S.N.M. 





Family ARCTIIDAE. 


SUBFAMILY LITHOSIINAR. 
PROGONA RIOMA, new species. 


Male.—Head, body, and fore wing deep brownish drab. 
Hind wing fuscous. 


20 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 65. 


Expanse.—20 mm. 
Habitat—Vera Cruz, Mexico. 
Type.—Cat. No. 26055, U.S.N.M. 
Collected by H. Schwarz. 


PROGONA IGNATA, new species. 


Male.—Palpi, head thorax, abdomen, and hind wing benzo brown; 
tegulae light buff; anal segment and hairs ochraceous buff. Fore 
wing light drab, a whitish line along costa. 

Expanse.—13 mm. 

Habitat.—Sao Paulo, Brazil. 

Type.—Cat. No. 26056, U.S.N.M. 

Near P. wanthwra Schaus. 


CRAMBIDIA CINNICA, new species. 


Male.—Head, collar, and thorax ecru drab. Abdomen drab gray, 
the anal hairs hght buff. Fore wing drab, the veins finely light buif. 
Hind wing smoky drab; cilia tipped with whitish. } 

mxpanse.—23 mm. | 

Habitat.—Tampico, Mexico. 

Type.—Cat. No. 26057, U.S.N.M. | 

Collected by Dr. KE. A. Schwarz. 


ILEMA ARMOGASTES, new species. 


Female—Palpi fuscous. Head, collar, thorax, and fore wing 
mouse gray irrorated with white scales; cilia mottled with white. 
Abdomen and hind wing drab gray. Fore wing below drab gray 
with some white irrorations on costa and termen. Hind wing below 
with grayish white irrorations on terminal half. 

Expanse.—35 mm. 

Habitat.—Baguio, Benguet, Philippine Islands. 

Type.—Cat. No. 26297, U.S.N.M. 

Collected by C. F. Baker. 


Comes near /. basinota Moore. 
DISOIDEMATA NICEPHORA, new species. 


Male.—Palpi fuscous; head light buff; tegulae white; thorax and 
abdomen light buff; anal hairs pale ochraceous buff. Fore wing 
white suffused with light ochraceous buff on costa, on terminal inter- 
spaces, on base of inner margin and below end of cell and vein 2: 
antemedial and postmedial diffuse lines, the former outcurved from 
near base of costa across cell to median and vein 2 where it is down- 
bent to inner margin before middle, the postmedial outbent from 
costa above middle of cell, almost vertical from vein 6 to vein 3, 
slightly upturned along 3 not reaching cell, and downbent to inner 


ART. 7. NEW SPECIES OF MOTHS—SCHAUS. SR 


margin; a fuscous point on discocellular. Hind wing white. Fore 
wing below white; a black streak on costa at base; a fuscous patch 
beyond cell from vein 11 to vein 3; a tuft of long black hairs on inner 
margin. Hind wing below white. 

Expanse.—15 mm. 

Habitat.— Cayuga, Guatemala. 

Type.—Cat. No. 26058, U.S.N.M. 


AGYLLA TYGRIUSA, new species. 


Male—Palpi mouse gray fringed with white. Head, collar, and 
thorax deep quaker drab; a white point on frons; collar finely edged 
with white except behind. Abdomen white, the anal tufts pinkish 
buff; legs whitish, the fore and hind tibiae and tarsi streaked with 
fuscous black. Fore wing broad; apex acute; outer margin straight, 
rounded at tornus; inner margin slightly rounded; costal half cream 
white; space below cell and vein 2 to inner margin, also interspaces 
between veins 2 and 4 to near termen deep quaker drab. Hind 
wing longer than fore wing, white. Fore wing below cream color; 
termen obliquely from apex to middle of inner margin fuscous 
black, its proximal edge shortly cut by paler veins, the scaling 
thick like fine androconia. Hind wing below white. 

Expanse.—32 mm. 

Habitat—Rio Pescado, Ecuador. 

T'ype.—Cat. No. 26298, U.S.N.M. 

Can be placed near A. metewrva Hampson. 


PARAONA HAMPSONI, new species. 


Male——Head, thorax, and fore wing dull grayish brown very 
faintly glossed with blue. Palpi except at tips, pectus, femora, and 
ventral surface of abdomen light salmon orange; tegulae english 
red. Abdomen above and hind wing dark mouse gray. Tibiae and 
tarsi grayish black. Wing below dark mouse gray. 

Expense.—Male, 45 mm; female 50 mm. 

Habitat—Mount Omei, Szechuen, China. 

Type.—Cat. No. 26299, U.S.N.M. 

This species is evidently the same as P. staudingeri Hampson not 
Alpheraky. The true staudingert has the wings deep green, almost 
black, the veins distinct; veins 4 and 5 on hind wing are from angle 
of cell and not stalked as in P. hampsoni. 

Both species received from D. C. Graham. 


PARAONA GRAHAMI, new species. 


Male.—Palpi light buff streaked with gray and tipped with black. 
Frons drab gray, vertex whitish. Tegulae and thorax light drab, 
the metathorax whitish. Abdomen white; legs pale drab gray. 


992 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 65. 


Fore wing olivaceous drab, paler on costa; base of costal edge black; 
a small smoky spot on costa above end of cell with a very faint 
cblique shade from it around cell, more distinct and downturned 
from vein 3 to inner margin; a faint pale almost whitish subterminal 
shade parallel with termen preceded by some dark shading except 
on costa. Hind wing above and below white. Fore wing below 
hair brown, the costa narrowly, the termen broadly cream color. 

Expanse.—35 mm. 

Habitat—Mount Omei, Szechuen, China. 

Type.—Cat. No. 26300, U.S.N.M. 

Collected by D. C. Graham. 


CISTHENE DUCEI, new species. 


Male.—Antennae, frons, body below and legs blue black; vertex 
and tegulae orange; thorax black with light orange yellow hairs 
on metathorax. Abdomen above blue black with transverse orange 
yellow segmental lines. Fore wing black faintly tinged with blue, 
the two lines light orange yellow; the medial line two mm. wide, 
straight, vertical from subcostal to inner margin, and a short streak 
above subcostal; subterminal line curved, slightly narrower than 
medial line and ending in a point at tornus. Hind wing black; a 
broad orange yellow fascia on basal half from costa to inner margin, 
leaving only the base black. Underneath the yellow fascia on hind 
wing is cut by black lines on subcostal and median into three spots, 
the costal spot medial and small. 

Expanse.—35 mm. 

Habitat. Between Rio Tocario and Rio Upia, Colombia. 

Type.—Cat. No. 26060, U.S.N.M. 

Collected by Terry Duce. 

Near (. unicincta Hampson. 


PACHYCEROSIA COLMANA, new species. 


Female—Palpi black; frons deep mouse gray; vertex, tegulae, 
and thorax whitish gray irrorated with fuscous black. Abdomen 
above deep mouse gray, underneath and anal hairs buff white. Fore 
wing pale drab gray irrorated with fuscous black scales; basal edge 
of costa black; a short subbasal black streak on subcostal vein; an 
antemedial small black spot on costal edge and a larger spot below 
it from whieh a very fine and indistinct line is outcurved across cell 
and slightly inbent to inner margin; a small medial spot on costa and 
a large black point at lower angle of cell; a postmedial spot on costa 
and from it a fine line outbent to below vein 8, then wavily dentate 
and vertical to inner margin; faint subterminal markings, more 
distinct at veins 7, 4, and 3; a small black spot on termen above 
tornus; cilia crossed by a dark line. Hind wing deep mouse gray; 





ART. 7. NEW SPECIES OF MOTHS—SCHAUS. 23 


cilia paler crossed by a dark line. Fore wing below deep mouse gray, 
the cilia as above. Hind wing below light quaker drab. 
Expanse.—16 mm. 
Habitat—Mount Makiling, Luzon, Philippine Islands. 
Type.—Cat. No. 26301, U.S.N.M. 
Received from C. F. Baker. 


DARANTASIA PALLADIA, new species. 


Male.—Head, collar, and thorax light orange yellow; a black 
streak between antennae, large spots on tegulae, patagia and meta- 
thorax. Abdomen above blue black; segmental orange yellow lines 
at base and on three terminal segments; underside similar, the anal 
hairs yellow; legs mostly orange yellow, the fore tarsi mostly black, 
the hind tibiae with black streak. Fore wing black with light orange 
yellow markings; an elongated subbasal spot covering base of cell, 
and a triangular spot between fold and submedian; medial and post- 
medial elongated spots below costa; a wedge-shaped spot above inner 
margin; a long wedge-shaped spot from below cell antemedially to 
near subterminal band, its upper edge straight; a subterminal band 
between veins 7 and 2 ending in a point below. Hind wing velvety 
black; basal half of costa, an elongated spot from below middle 
of cell, a marginal spot before anal angle which it reaches narrowly 
on termen and a faint subterminal spot below vein 6 orange buff 
with some black irrorations. Fore wing below as above. Hind wing 
below light orange yellow; costa narrowly, termen somewhat more 
broadly, a vertical line from costa before apex to termen on vein 5, 
a streak in cell and a broad fascia from base below cell to termen 
bifurcating at anal angle black. 

Expanse.—22 mm. 

Habitat—Mount Makiling, Luzon, Philippine Islands. 

Type.—Cat. No. 26302, U.S.N.M. 

Received from C. F. Baker. 

Alhied to D. cuneiplena Walker. 


DARANTASIA ? RUMOLDA, new species. 


Female.—Antennae blue black, the tips white. Head, body, and 
fore wing hair brown, the hind wing paler tinged with dark gray. 

Expanse.—17 mm. 

Habitat—Cayamas, Cuba. 

T'ype.—Cat. No. 26303, U.S.N.M. 

Collected by E. A. Schwarz. 

The venation agrees with Darantasia except that the specimen 
is a female and veins 3 and 4 on hind wing are coincident, not stalked 
as is usual in the females of the genus. The antennae are slightly 
dilated and minutely serrate. 





24 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 





CARILEPHIA, new genus. 


Female.—Proboscis fully developed; palpi slender upturned 
barely reaching frons; antennae minutely ciliated; hind tibiae with 
spurs moderate; fore wing long and narrow, the termen oblique; 
vein 2 well before end of cell; 3 and 4 stalked; 5 from well above 
angle; 6 from upper angle; 7 and 8 stalked: 9 absent: 10 and 11 free 
or from a point. Hind wing: costa straight, termen rounded; vein 
2 from well before angle; 3 and 4 coincident; 5 from well above 
angle; 6 and 7 stalked; 8 from middle of cell. 

Type of genus —C. monnina Schaus. 

Differs from //eliosia Hampson in the absence of vein 9. 


CARILEPHIA MONINNA, new species. 


Female.—Palpi ochraceous with some fuscous hairs. Head, collar, 
and thorax ochraceous buff; spots on thorax and shoulders, also tips 
of patagia dull black. Abdomen above hair brown suffused with 
black terminally; underneath and legs light buff, the fore tibiae 
streaked with hair brown, the fore tarsi hair brown with a light 
buff ring. Fore wing light ochraceous buff, the markings fuscous 
black; a subbasal line from costa to below cell; an antemedial line 
outangled in cell, interrupted on fold and not reaching inner mar- 
gin; a broad vertical medial line; a spot towards end of cell, and one 
on discocellular; a spot from vein 2 at cell, expanding, distally inden- 
tate; a broad postmedial line, slightly curved, somewhat constricted 
beyond cell, widest at vein 2; termen, a subapical streak, and a spot oa 
veins 3 and 4 suffusing with termen. Hind wing hair brown suffused 
with fuscous black on terminal half. Wings below smoky hair brown, 
the inner margin of fore wing and costa of hind wing ochraceous butt. 

Hixpanse.—-21 mm. 

Habitat.—Mount Makiling, Luzon, Philippine Islands. 

Type.—Cat. No. 26304, U.S.N.M. 

Received from C. F. Baker. 


VULMARA, new genus. 


Female.—Proboscis fully developed; palpi upturned, slender, not 
reaching vertex; antennae pubscent; tibiae with the spurs moderate. 
Fore wing narrow, the costa straight; vein 2 from towards angle; 
3 from before angle; 4 and 5 from angle; 6 from upper angle; 7, 8, 9, 
stalked, 7 beyond 9; 10 and 11 free. Hind wing with vein 2 from 
beyond middle of cell; 3, 4 coincident from angle, 5 from angle; 6 
and 7 stalked; 8 from before middle of cell. 

Type of genus—Vulmara drostana Schaus. 

Can be placed near Halone Walker. 





ART. 7. NEW SPECIES OF MOTHS—SCHAUS. 25 


VULMARA DROSTANA, new species. 


Female.—Head, body, legs, and hind wing fuscous hair brown. 
Fore wing hair brown, faintly tinged with purplish. 

Expanse.—18 mm. 

Habitat—Chejel, Guatemala. 

Type.—Cat. No. 26305, U.S.N.M. 


EUDOLICHE OSVALDA, new species. 


Female.—Palpi and head white; a few brown scales on palpi. 
Collar, thorax, and abdomen pale drab gray. Fore wing drab gray, 
the costa white not sharply indicated. Hind wing white. 

Expanse.—24 mm. 

Habitat.—Baracoa, Cuba. 

Type.—Cat. No. 26061, U.S.N.M. 

This species has longer, narrower wings than typical H'udoliche 
and vein 11 on fore wing anostomoses with 12, otherwise the vena- 
tion is the same. 

THYONE THEODULA, new species. 





Male.—Palpi and lower part of frons pale yellow orange; head 
otherwise, tegulae, patagia, and fore wing bittersweet orange; ab- 
domen above and hind wing strawberry pink; abdomen below and 
legs pale yellow orange; fore tarsi blue black at base and tips, the 
end of hind tibiae and tips of tarsi black. Fore wing: a subbasal 
black spot on median shot with dark metallic blue; black lines, 
partly tinged with dark blue, on subcostal, median and submedian 
veins from antemedial space to near termen, the upper line expand- 
ing at outer end, the line on median slightly dilated at outer end, 
the line on submedian dilated at both ends; an oblique black line on 
costa from middle to vein 10; cilia deep mouse gray. Hind wing: 
cilia mouse gray at apex, otherwise light gray. 

Vein 11 on fore wing free. 

Expanse.—18 mm. 

Habitat.—Chejel, Guatemala. 

Type.—Cat. No. 26059, U.S.N.M. 


ILLICE BONITENSIS, new species. 


AMale.—Head, collar, thorax, and fore wing drab gray; front of 
collar and neck flesh color. Abdomen flesh color. Hind wing flesh 
color, the termen broadly drab gray, narrowing at anal angle. Fore 
wing below drab gray; a flesh color streak below costa on basal half. 
Hind wing below whitish buff suffused with flesh color on costal and 
inner margins, the termen as above. 

Expanse.—13 mm. 

Habitat—Bonito, Province of Pernambuco, Brazil. 

Type.—Cat. No. 26306, U.S.N.M. 

45554— 25— Proce. N.M.vol.65—_8 


26 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 65. 
JORGENSENIA, new genus. 


Male.—Antennae with rather long pectinations ending in a long 
cilia, the pectinations shortly ciliated; female antennae serrate with 
short bristles. Palpi obliquely upturned reaching above vertex, 
smoothly scaled. Legs smooth; hind tibiae with two pairs of short 
spurs. Body smooth. Fore wing: costa almost straight, outer mar- 
gin oblique; vein 2 from towards angle of cell; 3 from close to angle; 
4 and 5 on short stalk; 6 from upper angle; 7, 8, 9 stalked, 7 before 
9; 10 from cell; 11 anostomosing with 12. Hind wing: veins 2 and 
3 stalked from angle of cell; 4 absent; 5 from just above angle; 6 
and 7 coincident. 

Type of genus.—Jorgensenta cunegunda Schaus. 


JORGENSENIA CUNEGUNDA, new species. 


Female.—Body and wings above black suffused with dusky green 
The wings below duller. 

Expanse.—32 mm. 

Habitat—Esquina Grande, Argentine Republic. 

Type.—Cat. No. 26054, U.S.N.M. 


Received from Don Pedro Jorgensen. 
TALARA THEA, new species. 


Male.—Head, collar, and thorax light mouse gray. Abdomen 
black. Fore legs black, coxae and hind legs white, the hind tibiae 
and tarsi tipped with black. Fore wing grayish white; a streak in 
cell, and broad postmedial space from vein 6 to inner margin black; 
inner margin broadly black; termen narrowly black, costa finely 
black except on medial space; cilia black. Hind wing black. Wings 
below black, the apex of fore wing rather broadly white, the cilia 
remaining black. 

Expanse.—20 mm. 

Habitat—Ecuador. 

Lype.—Cat. No. 26307, U.S.N.M. 





ASURA MODVENA, new species. 


Male.—Palpi fuscous. Head, collar, and thorax maize yellow; a 
black point on shoulders, black tips to collar medially and a point on 
patagia. Fore wing maize yellow, the markings black; a double 
basal streak in cell, a streak on basal third of costal edge; inbent 
antemedial spots above subcostal vein and in cell, an inset spot below 
cell, an outset spot above submedian and an inset spot below it; a 
medial line incurved from costa to end of cell at vein 3, then out- 
curved to submedian and inbent; postmedial line remote sinuous 
from below costa with short projecting lines on veins 8, 6, and 4 











ART. 7. NEW SPECIES OF MOTHS—SCHAUS. 27 


almost touching the black terminal line, below vein 3 incurved and 
suffusing with terminal line at tornus; cilia whitish with some brown 
at base. Hind wing thinly scaled, yellowish white; a dusky shade on 
termen from apex to vein 8. Wings below whitish yellow; fore wing 
with markings similar, smoky black, the outer line connected with a 
black spot on costa; hind wing with the terminal shade distinct, 
black. 

Expanse.—14 mm. 

Habitat—Mount Makiling, Luzon, Philippine Islands. 

L'ype.—Cat. No. 26308, U.S.N.M. 

Received from C. F. Baker. 


SCHISTOPHLEPS HEDDA, new species. 


Male.—Head, body, and legs white; extremity of fore tibiae and 
fore tarsi suffused with drab. Wings white, thinly scaled. Fore 
wing with markings light ochraceous buff; a spot at base below cell; 
a series of four antemedial spots deeply outcurved; medial spots out- 
bent on costa then vertical to inner margin, the spots more widely 
separated in cell and above submedian, those on costa suffusing to 
cell; a spot in end of cell; postmedial spots outbent on costa and suf- 
fusing, then downbent to tornus, between veins 3 and 5 expanding 
to cell; marginal spots from above vein 6 to vein 3. 

Expanse.—17 mm. 

Habitat—Mount Makiling, Luzon, Philippine Islands. 

Type.—Cat. No. 26309, U.S.N.M. 

Received from C. F. Baker. 

Can be placed near S. albida Walker. 

What is probably the female of this species has the spots much re- 
duced and evanescent, the antemedial spot on submedian obsolete, 
the postmedial spots outcurved and inbent to inner margin; a series 
of subterminal spots emitting streaks on veins to smaller terminal 
spots, these also connected on termen by a fine terminal line. 

Expanse.—21 mm. 

Habitat —Baguio, Benguet, Philippine Islands. 

In case this female is distinct I suggest the name of heddina for it. 

Received from C. F. Baker. 


CAULOCERA ALIBA, new species. 


Male.—Head, collar, thorax, and abdomen white; faint yellowish 
suffusions on vertex and tegulae; abdomen dorsally shaded with drab 
gray. Fore wing white; some pale smoke gray shading at base fol- 
lowed by a blackish line on cellular fold, the other markings anti- 
mony yellow; three oblique elongated spots before middle of costa to 
subcostal vein; a large quadrate spot from celi and vein 2 to inner 
margin; a postmedial fascia outcurved around cell, expanding from 


28 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 65. 


veins 6-2 basad to cell, below vein 2 consisting of a fine vertical line 
to inner margin, closely followed below vein 5 by an oblique spot to 
near termen below vein 3; a large spot at tornus; a small spot on 
costa before apex. Hind wing white, thinly scaled; a terminal pale 
smoke gray shade on termen from apex to vein 3, darkest on veins; 
inner margin faintly suffused with light buff. 

Expanse.—14 mm. 

Habitat—Mount Makiling, Luzon, Philippine Islands. 

Type—Cat. No. 26310, U.S.N.M. 

Received from C. F. Baker. 

Allied to @. crassicornis Walker. 


CHAMAITA EDELBURGA, new species. 


Female.—Head, body, and legs white; light pale suffusions on 
tegulae and patagia; fore and mid tarsi pinkish buff. Fore wing 
white, thinly scaled, the markings pinkish buff; a narrow subbasal 
fascia from subcostal to inner margin; a sinuous antemedial line 
interrupted above fold; a small medial spot in cell; postmedial line 
outbent from costa before end of cell, curved around cell to vein 2, 
interrupted on fold and outbent below it; subterminal line more 
maculate, slightly sinuous; terminal elongated spots on veins. Hind 
wing white, semihyaline, the costa tinged with opalescent pale 
vinaceous lilac, the rest of the wing tinged with light sky blue. 

Expanse.—23 mm. 

Habitat—Mount Makiling, Luzon, Philippine Islands. 

Type.—Cat. No. 26311, U.S.N.M. 

Received from C. F. Baker. 


HEMIPSILIA GRAHAMI, new species. 


Male.—Head, collar, and thorax maize yellow. Abdomen above 
and legs light buff; abdomen below white. Fore wing maize yellow 
the markings warm buff; a subbasal spot below cell; an antemedial 
line, almost medial, outangled at median and vein 2; a small spot 
near end of cell; a postmedial macular fascia, its outer edge evenly 
curved, its inner edge projecting basad on interspaces; subterminal 
spots even on proximal side projecting on terminal side. Hind 
wing semihyaline white faintly suffused with yellow. 

fixpanse.—22 mm. 

Habitat—Shin Kai $i, Szechuen, China. 

Type—Cat. No. 26312, U.S.N.M. 

Received from D. C. Graham. 


CYCLOSIELLA PULCHRINA, new species. 


Male.—Antennae peach red with a black line on shaft above be- 
fore tip. Palpi, head, collar, and thorax orange buff, partly suf- 








ART. 7. NEW SPECIES OF MOTHS—SCHAUS. 29 


fused with peach red, especially on anterior half of patagia, 
Abdomen orange pink above, underneath capucine buff; legs out- 
wardly orange pink. Fore wing maize yellow; costa and termen 
peach red also the other markings; the cell from near base to mid- 
dle; a basal spot; an antemedial oblique spot from submedian fold 
to inner margin, a line from it on inner margin connecting with 
a curved medial spot from below outer half of cell; a spot above 
outer half of cell suffusing with costal markings; a line along 
median to the streak on discocellular; postmedial line from upper 
angle of cell along vein 6 outcurved and inbent below vein 3 to 
inner margin with lines from it on veins 5 and 3 to lower angle of 
cell, also suffusing with termen between veins 2 and 3; termen nar- 
Pes at apex and cilia maize yellow. Hind wing orient pink; 
cilia cream color. Fore wing below yellowish suffused with orient 
pink. 

Expanse.—18 mm. 

Habitat—Los Bafios, Philippine Islands. 

Type—Cat. No. 263138, U.S.N.M. 

Received from C. F. Baker. 


TORYCUS DOMINGONIS, new species. 


Pemale.—Head, collar, shoulders, abdomen, and hind wing pallid 
mouse gray. Thora: gn color. Legs whitish partly etd 
with brownish. Fore wing fawn color thickly irrorated with black 
and fuscous except on Paranal space, the irrorations forming a 
black subterminal line; two black points on discocellular; a ehacn 
line from base below cell, downcurved to near middle of inner 
margin. 

Expanse.—13 mm. 

Habitat—Santo Domingo, West Indies. 

Type—Cat. No. 26314, U.S.N.M. 

Collected by A. Busck. 

In Torycus the venation of fore wing is similar to Boenasa 
Walker, but the hind wing has all the veins present. 


BOENASA TORYCA, new species. 


Male.—Palpi, frons, thorax, and patagia dark olive brown. Shaft 
of antennae, vertex, and tegulae white. Abdomen and hind wing 
shell pink. Fore wing silky olive brown, the termen suffused with 
white; a broad white fascia from pase below cell filling inner 
margin to beyond middle, its upper edge curved; a curved oe white 
line on discocellular distally edged with black; a faint curved outer 
line consisting of fuscous irrorations. Fore wing below dull hair 
brown; a fine pink line on discocellular. 

Expanse.—17 mm. 


30 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 65. 


Habitat—Cayamas, Cuba. 

Type.—Cat. No. 26315, U.S.N.M. 

In appearance like the lithosid genus Zorycus of Herrich-Schaef- 
fer. My new species of Boenasa show the ocelli distinctly and 
should be removed to the Arctiinae; they are both allied to B. nigro- 
rosea Walker. 

BOENASA ANGELICA, new species. 


Male——Antennae with shaft white crossed by dark brown lines. 
Palpi, frons, and thorax dark olive brown; vertex, collar, and a 
line on outer edge of patagia shell pink with fine brown irrorations. 
Abdomen and hind wing grenadine pink. Fore wing silky olive 
brown; inner margin broadly white, more narrowly at tornus, irro- 
rated with olive brown and partly suffused with shell pink, and a 
dark oblique line at its base; space above to cell darker shaded with 
a similar narrow shade extending from it to costa close to apex: 
some white irrorations on apical half of termen and at tornus. Fore 
wing below light drab, the inner margin shell pink; a shell pink 
streak in end of cell. 

Expense.—18 mm. 

Habitat—Santo Domingo, West Indies. 

Type.—Cat. No. 26316, U.S.N.M. 

Collected by A. Busck. 

Closely allied to B. toryca Schaus. 


Subfamily Arcrinae. 


NERITOS CUCUFAS, new species. 





Male.—Palpi light buff: a streak behind and small spots at tips 
of second and third joints brownish; a fine reddish lateral streak. 
Frons brownish drab with a small white spot below behind palpi; 
vertex light orange yellow. Collar and thorax deep brownish drab. 
Abdomen above brownish drab, underneath white, legs white with 
light buff tufts. Fore wing deep brownish drab, the markings maize 
yellow; a large spot from costa medially, slightly constricted to sub- 
costal vein, then irregularly rounded to below cell at vein 2 and 
across veins 3-5; a small spot at apex; a terminal spot from below 
vein 5 becoming narrower to vein 2; cilia above vein 5 yellow. 
Hind wing buif yellow. Fore wing below with the dark portion 
fuscous. 

Eixpanse.—30 mm. 

Habitat—Tumatumari, Potaro River, British Guiana. 

Type.—Cat. No. 26317, U.S.N.M. 

Looks like a large Paranerita declivis Schaus with more extended 
yellow markings. 


| 
| 





ART, 7. NEW SPECIES OF MOTHS—SCHAUS. 31 


NERITOS CYBAR, new species. 


Male—Palpi, frons, and basal joint of antennae eosine pink, the 
palpi fringed with light ochraceous buff; vertex pale orange yellow. 
Collar and thorax ocher red, the patagia with a yellow streak. Abdo- 
men above peach red, underneath cream color; legs cream color, fore 
coxae and tibiae eosine pink. Fore wing cinnamon rufous suffused 
with carrot red; antemedia! and medial small round buff yellow 
spots, circled with peach red, above and below submedian; a large 
maize yellow space on middle third of costa extending to vein 2 and 
vein 4, both sides concave; termen broadly maize yellow narrowing 
to a point at apex and tornus; postmedial dark space broad on costa 
narrowing to a point at vein 4, sometimes the yellow medial patch 
suffuses with the termen at vein 4, all the dark portions edged with a 
peach red line. Hind wing cream color. Fore wing below with the 
dark space at base and along inner margin eosine pink, the apical 
spot with darker suffusions. 

Female.—Fore wing geranium pink, the antemedial and medial 
small spots as in male; the yellow medial space with edges oblique, 
the subterminal band equally broad from costa to vein 4. 

Expanse.—26 mm. 

Habitat.—Tucuman, Argentina. 

Type.—Cat. No. 26318, U.S.N.M. 


PAREVIA VULMARIA, new species. 


Female.—Palpi light coral red streaked in front with purple drab. 
Frons and thorax purple drab; vertex orange buff edged by a red 
line in front and one behind. Abdomen above light coral red, under- 
neath light buff. Legs maize yellow, the fore legs streaked with red. 
Fore wing purple drab edged with hght coral red from costa. ante- 
medially following the contour of the drab space where excurved by 
the marginal orange buff spots; a spot on costa near middle to within 
cell, extending narrowly on costa beyond; a minute spot on costa 
postmedially and a small spot before apex; a spot on termen above 
vein 4 incurved to near vein 5, then downbent to vein 3 near termen 
and shghtly incurved to tornus; cilia orange buff. Hind wing light 
coral red; costa narrowly and cilia buff pink. Fore wing below 
marked as above but more reddish, the marginal spots paler. Hind 
wing below salmon color. 

Expanse.—25 mm. 

Habitat—Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. 

L'ype.—Cat. No. 26819, U.S.N.M. 


AUTOMOLIS POSTRADIATA, new species. 


Female.—Palpi black; frons black with metallic blue spot; vertex, 
collar, and thorax orange buff: a black spot on vertex, and fine black 


32 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. Vor. 65. 


lines edging tegulae dorsally and laterally. Abdomen orange buff; 
a dorsal triangular black spot on second segment and small paired 
lines on following segment; terminal three segments black with dor- 
sal metallic blue spots; lateral metallic blue transverse lines edged 
with black; underneath with narrow black segmental lines. Legs 
black with orange buff streaks and a spot on fore coxae. Wings 
orange buff; hind wing with median, veins 2, 3, 5, and a broad streak 
before inner margin black, also terminal black suffusions between 
veins 2-5. Underside with the black markings reduced. 

Expanse.—42 mm. 

Habitat——La Cumbre, Colombia. 

Type.—Cat. No. 26320, U.S.N.M. 

Received from E. Phillip. 


SORITENA, new genus. 


Male.—Antennae shortly bipectinate. Palpi obliquely upturned 
reaching above vertex, smoothly scaled, the third joint short. Legs 
smoothly scaled, the hind tibiae with very short spurs. Fore wing 
moderately broad, the tornus rounded, the inner margin rounded; 
vein 2 well before angle; 3, 4, 5 slightly apart at lower angle; 6 
from upper angle; 7, 8, 9 stalked, 7 before 9; 10 and 11 free. Hind 
wing; costal margin rounded, also the apex, the costa and upper half 
of cell clothed below with coarser scales; vein 2 from near base of 
cell; 3 from angle; 4 and 5 shortly stalked from angle; 6 and 7 coin- 
cident; 8 from middle of cell sinuous. 

Type of genus.—S, habanera Schaus. 

Can be placed near Bertholdia. 


SORITENA HABANERA, new species. 


Male.—Head, thorax, and fore wing maize yellow. Abdomen above 
light orange yellow, underneath light buff. Legs mouse gray. Wind 
wing white. Fore wing below and costa of hind wing light buff. 

Expanse.—29 mm. 

Alabitat—Havana, Cuba. 

Type.—Cat. No. 26321, U.S.N.M. 


AMMALO RAMSDENI, new species. 





Female.—Palpi, head, collar, and thorax mouse gray; a scarlet spot 
behind antennae; some pale ochraceous buff mottling on edge of 
tegulae; small scarlet tufts on metathorax. Abdomen dorsally suf- 
fused with blue black on basal half, with greenish black on terminal 
half, the basal tufts and underside deep mouse gray. Legs mouse 
gray, the coxae and tibiae streaked with scarlet. Fore wing pale ecru 
drab, the veins black except submedian which is light ochreous buff; 
a small subbasal fuscous spot on costa, and a larger spot below cell: a 











ART. 7. NEW SPECIES OF MOTHS-—SCHAUS. oo 


medial and shorter postmedial streak on costa light buff, and a similar 
streak on subcostal from near base to near end of cell; a black streak 
in cell with semihyaline whitish streaks above and below it; the 
medial space from cell to submedian semihyaline whitish; very faint 
traces of fine smoky antemedial and medial lines from cell to sub- 
median; a large fuscous black spot at end of cell and just beyond it, 
reaching costa above discocellular, and expanding between veins 3 
and 5; a fine whitish buff line on discocellular; postmedial semihya- 
line white spots between veins 5 and 8; a fine black postmedial line 
from vein 3, inangled on vein 2, then outbent to inner margin before 
tornus; fuscous terminal streaks on interspaces, short between veins 
3 and 5, and 7 and 8, below vein 3 reaching postmedial line; a fine 
terminal black line. Hind wing hair brown, the cell and a spot 
below it semihyaline white. Wings below hair brown, the fore wing 
with postmedial spots as above, and two smaller spots outset between 
veins 3 and 5 which are only faintly indicated on upper side; the cel- 
lular spot on hind wing not reaching base. 

Expanse.—36 mm. 

Habitat.— Guantanamo, Cuba. 

Type.—Cat. No. 26322, U.S.N.M. 

Received from Doctor Ramsden. 

Looks more like an Eucereon than an Arctian. 


PELOCHYTA NABOR, new species. 


Male.—Head and body army brown, the abdomen dorsally clothed 
with long tilleul buff hairs to beyond middle; fore legs darker shaded 
in front. Fore wing wood brown, the markings fawn color irrorated 
with fuscous black scales; an oblique shade from base of costa; a 
broad antemedial fascia with a slight projection on median and vein 
2; a patch at end of cell; a postmedial fascia broad at vein 8, inbent 
to inner margin, constricted between veins 3 and 4; termen irregu- 
larly spotted; all the markings very diffuse and sometimes reduced 
to lines of fuscous black irrorations. Hind wing white; termen from 
vein 2 to apex, very narrowly avellaneous, also cilia; cilia below 
vein 2 white. Fore wing below whitish in disk and on inner margin, 
otherwise wood brown. Hind wing below as above, the costa nar- 
rowly wood brown. 

Expanse.—38 mm. 

Habitat—Oconeque, Peru. 

Type.—Cat. No. 26324, U.S.N.M. 


ELYSIUS RUFFIN, new species. 


Female.—Palpi and head orange buff, the third joint of palpi 
light drab. Collar, thorax, and abdomen light orange yellow, the 


34 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 65. 


dorsal hairs flesh color. Legs mostly ochraceous buff, the fore coxae 
light orange yellow. Fore wing light orange yellow irrorated and 
striated with orange chrome; the inner margin, an oblique line from 
base of costa, a broad antemedial fascia oblique from costa, con- 
stricted on submedian fold, then downbent, a quadrate patch at end 
of cell, and termen broadly from post-medial outcurved line suffused 
with drab gray and edged with hair brown; the terminal area con- 
taining an irregular series of large spots of ground color; the fasciae 
with some drab striae. Hind wing white suffused with flesh color. 
Fore wing below duller. 

Expanse.—45 mm. 

/Tabitat.—Petropolis, Brazil. 

Type—Cat. No. 26325, U.S.N.M. 

Collected by Captain W. Robinson. 

Allied to #. sebrus Druce, differing in the brighter coloring, the 
constricted antemedial fascia and curved postmedial line. 





ELYSIUS MACASIA, new species. 


Male.—Head, collar, and thorax brazil red; third joint of palpi, a 
small spot on shoulder, a dorsal line on thorax and dorsal edge of 
patagia black. Abdomen above orange buff, the three basal segments 
clothed with long peach red hairs, with a small round, black, dorsal 
spot on third segment; other segments with large black dorsal and 
subdorsal semilunar spots; underneath bittersweet pink. Legs fus- 
cous; fore coxae scarlet, base of legs partly streaked with peach red. 
Fore wing cameo brown mottled with long, fine, orange buff striae: 
peach red hairs at base and on basal part of inner margin; a large 
orange buff antemedial spot from costa to vein 1, an oval spot at end 
of cell, smaller spots below veins 2 and 3, all orange buff thickly 
striated and irrorated with scarlet; a similar broad postmedial spot 
from costa to vein 4, followed by some morocco red spots on inter- 
spaces and subterminally between the orange buff striae. Hind wing 
semihyaline white, the costa, termen narrowly, and cilia, also the 
inner margin more broadly geranium pink. Fore wing below straw- 
berry pink, the terminal third suffused with roseate brown with 
ochraceous striae. 

Eixpanse.—60 mm. 

Habitat.—Macas, Ecuador. 

Type.—Cat. No. 26326, U.S.N.M. 

Very similar to Mazaeras conferta Walker, but vein 10 free. 


AMASTUS VANDREGISILI, new species. 


Female.—Palpi carmine, the third joint and tip of second black; 
frons white; vertex carmine; collar in front and shoulders white 
edged behind by a fine black line; collar behind, and front of patagia 





ART. T. NEW SPECIES OF MOTHS—SCHAUS. 35 


hazel, the latter becoming hazel behind and tipped with brazil red 
hairs, a dark line in center, and the dorsal edge with a narrow black 
edged white line. Abdomen above zinc orange, the basal hairs brazil 
red; lateral black annuli filled with white; a triangular white spot 
on last segment edged with black; a sublateral interrupted white 
line; underneath drab. Thorax below and fore coxae carmine; legs 
mostly drab, streaked below at base with carmine; mid and hind 
tarsi streaked below with ferruginous. Fore wing thinly scaled cin- 
namon brown; cilia on inner margin white on termen tipped with 
white; a faint smoky fuscous patch on discocellular, and a similar 
broad postmedial shade, also subterminal darker shading defining a 
narrow line between them of ground color. Hind wing semihyaline 
whitish tinged on margins with hght ochraceous buff; cilia cinnamon 
brown. 

Expanse.—75 mm. 

Habitat.—Kcuador. 

Type.—Cat. No. 26327, U.S.N.M. 

Can be placed near Z’. psevdocollaris Rothschild. 


HALISIDOTA AGATHA, new species. 


Male.—Antennae with long pectinations light brown. Palpi, head, 
and thorax fuscous black; hairs on patagia adjoining wing vinaceous 
pink basally. Abdomen above fuscous black, the hairs laterally on 
basal segments sayal brown; underneath suffused with sayal brown. 
Thorax below and fore legs fuscous black; hind tibiae and tarsi 
pinkish buff. Fore wing fuscous black, the costal edge and cilia on 
termen and inner margin warm buff. Hind wing light buff with 
darker suffusions on termen and a dark line on discocellular. Fore 
wing below dull brownish drab, the costal edge, subcostal vein and 
cilia light buff. Hind wing below with the costa broadly brownish 


drab. 
Expanse.—43 mm. 
Habitat.—Incachaca, Cochabamba, Bolivia. 
Type.—Cat. No. 26065, U.S.N.M. 
Unlike any other species. 


HALISIDOTA VALENTINA, new species. 


Male.—Head, collar, and thorax sayal brown; palpi with a sepia 
line behind and some ochreous hairs in front especially at base. 
Abdomen above snuff brown becoming sayal brown terminally; 
underneath light buff. Legs light buff; fore and mid femora, 
tibiae, and tarsi streaked with sayal brown. Fore wing sayal brown: 
an oblique antemedial fascia from costa to median, inset below 
median and inbent to submedian, a double short streak in end of 


36 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM, VOL. 65. 


cell, and a series of postmedial spots ochraceous buff, the postmedial 
spot between veins 5 and 6 larger with a narrow fuscous shade ex- 
tending from it to termen below apex, the other postmedial spots 
outwardly edged with fuscous scaling; an ochraceous buff streak on 
costa above discocellular, and a series of subterminal spots partly 
edged with fuscous; termen narrowly ochraceous buff limited by a 
wavy brown line. Hind wing bister, the costa and cilia whitish. 
Wings below drab; fore wing with apical area light drab; the spots 
light buff; hind wing with a subterminal darker smoky shade at 
apex, and indistinctly along termen. 

Expanse.—42 mm. 

Habitat.—St. Jean, French Guiana. 

Type.—Cat. No. 26328, U.S.N.M. 

Closely allied to H. cedon Druce but quite different in color. 


HALISIDOTA OROOCA, new species. 


Male.—Palpi and frons black; vertex and tegulae honey yellow, 
the latter with black points; thorax cream buff with a black dorsal 
line and black streaks on patagia. Abdomen above apricot buff, the 
base, dorsal tufts, and anal hairs cream buff; a lateral black line; 
underneath white with a black ventral line. Legs apricot buff, the 
tarsi fuscous, also the mid and hind tibiae, the latter with a white 
line; fore coxae honey yellow with black points. Fore wing cream 
buff with a few black irrorations on outer half, forming faint spots 
before and beyond discocellular, minute postmedial spots, larger 
subterminal spots, and small terminal markings, all on interspaces: 
a black line from near base along median, expanding slightly and 
ending well beyond cell between veins 4 and 5 with a short streak 
beyond it above vein 5; a black line on submedian medially. Hind 
wing thinly scaled smoky fuscous, the median vein broadly, veins 
2 to 5, inner margin, costa, and termen narrowly, cream buff. Fore 
wing below almost as above, but without medial black line on sub- 
median. Hind wing below as above. 

Expanse.—35 mm. 

Habitat——Tucuman, Argentina. 

Type.—Cat. No. 26064, U.S.N.M. 

Belongs to the group with moderately pectinated antennae and 
can be placed near H. lineata Schaus. 


HALISIDOTA EPHREM, new species. 





Male—Head, collar, and thorax light ochraceous buff with some 
tawny mottling on upper part of frons, vertex, tegulae, and patagia. 
Abdomen above warm buff, underneath light buff; fore femora with 
orange streak, fore tibiae and tarsi suffused with drab. Fore wing 





anv. 7. NEW SPECIES OF MOTHS—SCHAUS. ou 


light buff, the veins cinnamon edged above with warm buff, the trans- 
verse markings cinnamon, all on interspaces; a fine dark line through 
cell; small fuscous black spots between costal and subcostal veins; 
longitudinal lines above and below submedian to postmedial line; a 
fine outcurved antemedial line; two curved lines medially in cell 
below subcostal; postmedial space with three rows of deep lunular 
lines, almost inangled, partly shaded with fuscous; a deeply indentate 
subterminal line proximally suffused with fuscous; a fine marginal 
line lunular dentate towards termen; cilia whitish buff. Hind wing 
thinly scaled white. Fore wing below light buff with a few fuscous 
lunules postmedially between costa and vein 5, also subterminal fus- 
cous spots from costa to below vein 1. Hind wing below with a post- 
medial black point on costa. 

Expanse.—37 mm. 

Habitat.—Rurrenabaque, Bolivia. 

Type.—Cat. No. 26329, U.S.N.M. 

Collected by Dr. W. Mann. 

The antennae are moderately pectinated, vein 10 shortly stalked 
with 7, 8, 9. 





HALISIDOTA DINORA, new species. 


Male.—Palpi black with some buff hairs at base. Frons whitish, 
vertex black; whitish tufts behind antennae, basal joint of antennae 
orange buff. Tegulae, thorax, and patagia white; black annuli on 
tegulae and shoulders; an ovate black line on patagia. Abdomen 
above orange buff; dorsal black spots, larger terminally, containing 
white scales; lateral triangular white spots edged with black; sub- 
lateral linear black spots containing each a black point; underneath 
white with transverse black lines medially and oblique black lines at 
sides. Legs with black orange and white markings. Fore wing white 
faintly tinged with buff, the markings fuscous black except a small 
orange buff spot at base; veins fuscous black; a point at base; a sub- 
basal curved line; antemedial forming a double series of annuli 
partly suffusing; medial annuli, large on costa, two in cell; small 
from vein 38 to vein 1; a postmedial and a subterminal series of 
annuli, all larger from vein 5 to costa; dark suffusions on interspaces 
from vein 5 to vein 8 between medial and postmedial annuli, and 
between the latter and subterminal annuli; cilia black with white 
spots. Hind wing white, the veins, an antemedial, medial, postme- 
dial, and terminal line benzo brown; inner margin broadly suffused 
with benzo brown; cilia white. Wings below very similar to upper 
side. 

Expanse.—44 mm. 
| Habitat—Tucuman, Argentina. 
Type.—Cat. No. 26320. U.S.N.M. 





ee ee 


88 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 65. 


Family SATURNIIDAE. 


DIRPHIA ORIDOCEA, new species. 


Male—Palpi and head mahogany red. Thorax verona brown 
with some pinkish buff hairs. Abdomen above black, the base ma- 
hogany red; anal hairs and fine segmental lines ochraceous orange; 
lateral and sublateral round white spots; venter ochraceous tawny ; 
tibiae and tarsi mahogany red. Fore wing verona brown; a large 
white spot at base from below costal edge to submedian, continued 
as a line to inner margin, its proximal edge oblique, its distal edge 
outcurved, partly irrorated with some faint tawny scales; an elon- 
gated cream white antemedial spot below cell; a large irregular 
white spot at end of cell with a broad line projecting from it along 
vein 5 to beyond postmedial line, containing a large cluster of apri- 
cot yellow scales; postmedial line erect, defined by pallid vinaceous 
drab scaling beyond it which extends to apex and termen from vein 
2 to tornus, leaving a curved terminal clear brown space. Hind 
wing sayal brown with fuscous postmedial and subterminal shades, 
the latter followed by pallid vinaceous drab scaling not reaching 
termen; an oval pinkish buff spot over discocellular containing 
some darker scales. Fore wing below broadly lhght buff on inner 
margin, otherwise suffused with brown, the cell fuscous; a pale 
shade on discocellular; a sayal brown straight postmedial line 
distally edged with pallid vinaceous drab, and similar subterminal 
shading as on upper side. Hind wing below sayal brown suffused 
with pallid vinaceous drab except on costa, medial and postmedial 
broad lines, a finer subterminal line, lunular between veins 2 and 4, 
and the termen. 

Expanse.—67 mm. 

Habitat.—Peru. 

Type.—Cat. No. 26351, U.S.N.M. 


DIRPHIA BINASA, new species. 


Male.—Palpi mouse gray, the fringe below tipped with cinnamon. 
Frons hair brown, laterally cinnamon. Antennae cinnamon. Body 
above black with scattered pinkish cinnamon hairs, especially on 
thorax; patagia mottled with white hairs; anal hairs bittersweet 
orange; body below and innerside of legs light ochraceous buff, 
outside of legs black. Fore wing whitish almost entirely effaced 
by the overlying scales and hairs; costal edge and veins from post- 
medial line to termen ochraceous orange, and a similar spot at base 
of inner margin; a black line on fold from base to antemedial line, 
the space above it mottled isabella color and white, below it mouse 
eray and white; antemedial line, almost medial, wood brown, double, 





srt. 7. NEW SPECIES OF MOTHS—SCHAUS. 39 


whitish between, very dentate and irregular, incurved below cell, 
outbent on costa, inbent on inner margin; medial space irrorated 
with isabella color and mouse gray; a large irregular spot from end 
of cell, almost triangular, its three sides incurved, wood brown 
darker edged on two sides, from veins 3-4 with black suffusing 
with a postmedial lunule; a slight wood brown line from costa 
to upper edge of spot; postmedial line double, lunular, fine from 
costa to vein 4, below 4 black filled in with orange cinnamon; inter- 
spaces beyond irrorated with mouse gray; a white subterminal line 
straight from costa to vein 4, then lunular; cilia isabella color with 
white spots at veins and tipped with black at interspaces. Hind 
wing pale ochraceous buff, the inner margin broadly suffused with 
salmon color; a large fuscous black spot over discocellular, con- 
taining a fine sooty black curved line, suffusing with a coarse black 
postmedial line; a broad black subterminal band, its outer edge 
lunular, the veins beyond it orange; marginal interspaces white, 
thickly irrorated with black; cilia with black spots terminally at 
interspaces. Wings below light buff irrorated with black, the veins 
and a terminal line orange buff; a black postmedial line; a sub- 
terminal whitish lunular line preceded by thick clusters of black 
scales; fore wing with an oblique black bar on discocellular, the 
costa ochraceous orange. 

Expanse.—42 mm. 

Habitat——Tucuman, Argentina. 

Type.—Cat. No. 26071, U.S.N.M. 

Comes close to D. basina Maassen. 





HELICONISA CARILAPHA, new species. 


Female—Palpi black. Head, tegulae, and thorax fuscous, the 
latter mottled with ochraceous tawny hairs. Abdomen black over- 
laid with ochraceous tawny hairs. Wings cinnamon drab with irreg- 
ular short fuscous black streaks on outer half; cilia fuscous black. 
Fore wing: veins strongly black; an oblique white line on discocel- 
lular proximally edged with black on lower half. Hind wing: cell 
and space below to middle of wing clothed with vinaceous fawn 
hairs; veins finely black; a large round black spot over discocellular. 
Wings below buffy brown, the veins and broad lines on discocellulars 
black. 

Expanse.—132 mm. 

Habitat—Montevideo, Uruguay. 

Type—Cat. No. 26352, U.S.N.M 

Received from Dr. F. Felippone. 


40 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 65. 


Family BOMBYCIDAE. 


COLLA MANNI, new species. 


Male——Body white; antennae with shaft mottled white and raw 
sienna, the pectinations of the latter color; edges of frons, a large 
dorsal spot at base of abdomen, tips of tufts over matathorax, and 
anal hairs orange citrine, also a few similar hairs on other segments 
of abdomen dorsally. Legs white, the fore and hind femora and 
tibiae olive brown. Fore wing white, the disk faintly tinged with 
hydrangea pink; a silver bar on discocellular; a silver line on sub- 
median fold; costal edge cinnamon buff; a postmedial short, oblique, 
clay color line on costa, followed by a finer drab gray line to vein 6; 
a double drab gray postmedial line across vein 5 with short black 
streaks on vein 5; a subterminal series of drab gray spots on inter- 
spaces, obsolescent between veins 3 and 4; similar marginal spots, 
almost forming a line cut by veins; cilia white with a faint drab gray 
line at base. Hind wing white, thinly scaled except along inner 
margin; two orange citrine spots on inner margin; terminal drab 
gray spots from vein 4 to anal angle. Fore wing below without 
markings. Hind wing below with two small fuscous spots on inner 
margin, and a double subterminal spot below vein 2. 

Expanse.—25 mm. 

Habitat—Rurrenabaque, Bolivia. 

Type.—Cat. No. 26066, U.S.N.M. 

Taken by Dr. W.-M. Mann on the Mulford Biological Expedition, 
1921-1922. 

The species comes near C. gaudialis Schaus. 


Family KUPTEROTIDAE. 


APATELODES OLAUS, new species. 


Male.—Palpi ochraceous orange. Head mottled tawny and white. 
Collar and thorax fawn color with some white hairs. Abdomen 
mikado brown terminally suffused with ochraceous orange. Legs 
mikado brown, the fore tibiae ochraceous orange. Fore wing fawn 
color crossed by snuff brown lines; a subbasal line on costa; ante- 
medial line fine outbent on costa, less so from median vein to inner 
margin. Medial line broader almost vertical and a similar post- 
medial line from lower angle of cell to inner margin; some white 
scales on discocellular, and an oblique line on costa above forming 
origin of postmedial; a fine outer line outcurved below costa to vein 
4 then sinuous; termen from vein 4 to apex tinged with bronzy sayal 
brown. Hind wing glossy antimony yellow; a faint darker medial 
and postmedial line. Wings below antimony yellow crossed by 


sre aS 











ART. 7. NEW SPECIES OF MOTHS—SCHAUS. 4] 


two darker lines, also fine streaks on discocellulars; some white irro- 
rations at apex of fore wing. 

Expanse.—40 mm. 

Habitat—Tucuman, Argentina. 

Type.—Cat. No. 26353, U.S.N.M. 

Allied to A. signata Druce. 


APATELODES SCHREITERI, new species. 


Male—Palpi and head cinnamon rufous. Collar and thorax pale 
vinaceous fawn; a reddish brown dorsal line from behind head, the 
thoracic tufts tipped with dark brown and fuscous. Abdomen above 
7inaceous buff irrorated with black scales; body below russet vinace- 
ous. Fore wing avellaneous suffused with light drab; black irrora- 
tions on base; antemedial line fine, fuscous, outcurved from costa, 
incurved between cell and submedian, preceded by a fuscous spot 
on inner margin; a very fine postmedial lunular line from a small 
reddish-brown spot on costa and with similar points on veins, fol- 
lowed by a short natal brown streak below vein 7 ending in a semi- 
hyaline white spot; a small brown angled spot above vein 7 edging 
a small white spot and a fine similar line above it; there are faint 
traces of a line before the postmedial. Hind wing pecan brown; 
a fine dark postmedial line outwardly edged with buff pink, slightly 
apcurved below vein 2, and down angled close to inner margin, di- 
viding a ferruginous streak along inner margin; cilia drab. Fore 
wing below light buff irrorated with hazel; the termen from vein 2 
to apex hazel, the subterminal spots at apex white. Hind wing 
below hazel, the termen broadly and inner margin buff pink irrorated 
with hazel; a medial ferruginous line closely followed by a fine black 
line up angled below vein 2 and again downcurved. 

Expanse.—30 mm. 

Habitat.—Tucuman, Argentina. 

Type.—Cat. No. 26353, U.S.N.M. 

Received from Don Rodolfo Schreiter. 

Can be placed near A hiantha Dyar. 


OLCECLOSTERA FRIBURGENSYS, new species. 


Male.—Palpi above sayal brown; fringe of palpi, collar, thorax, 
and fore wing pale cinnamon pink irrorated with sayal brown; 
frons, vertex and dorsal edge of tegulae almost entirely sayal brown. 
Abdomen dorsally light cinnamon drab irrorated with sayal brown, 
underneath paler. Legs pale cinnamon pink irrorated with sayal 
brown, the tarsi fuscous brown. Fore wing with four sayal brown 
lines, the antemedial, medial. and postmedial straight, parallel, in- 
bent from costa to inner margin, the subterminal from apex inbent 


42 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 65. 


to below vein 5 then downbent to vein 2 near termen, this line much 
straighter than in the allied species, the last two lines edged with 
whitish proximally; a terminal black line with brown points on 
veins; cilia white tipped with saccardo’s umber; cilia on inner 
margin saccardo’s umber, from base to antemedial white, also at 
tornus, the latter with a brown line at base; a sayal brown line 
on costa from base to apex, partly edged in front with white. Hind 
wing whitish at base to a fine dark antemedial line; a dark line on 
discocellular; wing beyond vinaceous fawn with a diffused whitish 
postmedial line expanding towards inner margin; a fuscous ter- 
minal line; cilia mottled with white at base and tipped with white. 
Fore wing below whitish faintly tinged with vinaceous; some dark 
irrorations at apex; postmedial line distinct, the others indicated in 
transparency. Hind wing below pale cinnamon pink thickly ir- 
rorated with saccardo’s umber and fuscous except on inner margin; 
dark scales on discocellular; a faint medial line; terminal black 
points on veins. 

Expanse.—38 mm. 

Habitat.—Nova Friburgo, Brazil. 

Type.—Cat. No. 26355, U.S.N.M. 

Received from J. Arp. 

Allied to O. ostenta Schaus, O. wmbrilinea Schaus, O. trilineata 
Dognin, and O. hezia Druce. 

O. tanais Druce and O. quadrilineata Schaus have the hind wing 
narrower from costa to anal angle. 


COLOBATA THEA, new species. 


Male.—Palpi, head and collar mottled ight buff, drab, and black; 
a lateral line on palpi and throat fuscous. Shaft of antennae white 
irrorated with black. Thorax and basal joint of abdomen light buff; 
patagia white mottled with dark brown scales. Abdomen above 
drab gray irrorated and mottled with light buff and hair brown, the 
second and third segments suffused with mikado brown; fine black 
segmental lines; a lateral wavy black stripe; underneath and legs 
white thickly irrorated with fuscous scales. Fore wing orange yellow 
thickly irrorated with buffy brown; basal third of costa and a medial 
patch white with dark irrorations; some white scaling on and below 
costa postmedially ; a fine fuscous antemedial line, indentate on costa, 
incurved across cell, angled and more deeply incurved from vein 2 to 
fold and outcurved across vein 1, inwardly edged with white from 
costa to median; a vertical buffy brown medial line expanding into a 
broad shade in cell; postmedial line fuscous outbent on costa to vein 
5, vertical to 4, then inbent to inner margin, followed by a fine dark 
lunular line; some dark shading beyond this last line between veins 





a 


. 





arr. 7. NEW SPECIES OF MOTHS—SCHAUS. 43 


6 and 7; a marginal fine lunular line and a dark line along the crenu- 
late termen. Hind wing buffy light yellow; a faint line on discocellu- 
lar and buffy brown medial line outcurved beyond cell; a finer more 
evenly curved postmedial line followed by broad drab shading; a 
fine terminal dark line; cilia broadly tipped with fuscous. Fore wing 
below buff white, the costa broadly suffused with drab; postmedial 
line outcurved beyond cell; a fine outer line slightly curved: sub- 
terminal crescents between veins 4 and 7 inwardly white edged be- 
tween veins 5 and 7. Hind wing below buff white thickly irrorated 
with fuscous; medial line thick, fuscous, outwardly dark shaded; 
outer line lunular dentate, the shading beyond also dentate; inner 
margin and termen with fewer irrorations. 

Expanse.—40 mm. 

Habitat—Tucuman, Argentina. 

Type.—Cat. No. 26856, U.S.N.M. 

Very near Colobata lineosa Walker but with the termen of fore 
wing crenulate. 


Family LASIOCAMPIDAE. 


PRORIFRONS GRANULA, new species. 


Male—Palpi vinaceous brown. Antennae, head, tegulae, thorax, 
and base of abdomen vinaceous buff; abdomen otherwise above and 
hind wing fawn color; body below suffused with vinaceous brown, 
the tarsi deep mouse gray with whitish rings. Fore wing on hasal 
area vinaceous buff, crossed by a wavy fawn color line its proximal 
side paler edged; medial space fawn color, 10 mm. wide on costa, 3 
mm. wide on inner margin, proximally slightly outangled on costa 
and wavily vertical to inner margin, distally incurved from vein 5 
to inner margin; a white point in cell followed by a dusky shade to 
postmedial line; postmedial space ochraceous buff darker before ter- 
minal area, crossed by a line, minutely lunular from costa to vein 4, 
defined by fawn color shading proximally; terminal area broadly 
fawn color its proximal side very irregular with black points at sub- 
median. Hind wing with medial and postmedial darker lines. Wings 
below fawn color thickly irrorated with light buff and crossed by two 
buff lines, much broader on hind wings. 

Expanse.—85 mm. 

Habitat—Cayuga, Guatemala. 

Type.—Cat. No. 26216, U.S.N.M. 

This species shows considerable variation, the coloring more uni- 
form, the medial space narrower, the subterminal black points more 
numerous extending to near costa. The wings are broad as in P. 
conradti Druce, but not so variegated; the outer edge of medial space 
is not so oblique as in P. prosper Dyar from Mexico to which it is 
more closely allied. 


44 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 65. 
PRORIFRONS HEMPSTEADI, new species. 


Male.—Palpi vinaceous brown. Antennae, head, tegulae, and 
thorax light ochraceous buff. Abdomen fawn color shaded with buff 
laterally; throat, fore coxae, and tibae vinaceous brown; tarsi vina- 
ceous brown irrorated with white and with faint whitish rings. 
Fore wing: base to medial space light pinkish cinnamon irro- 
rated with vinaceous fawn; antemedial line fawn color sinuously 
curved, proximally edged with whitish buff; medial space fawn 
color irrorated with whitish buff except on edges, 5 mm. wide 
on costal and inner margins, narrower between veins 5 and 1; a 
white point in cell; postmedial space buff white with fawn shading 
beyond cell, the postmedial line indicated by faint vinaceous gray 
edging followed by a broad light ochraceous buff shade, its outer 
edge very irregular with some small black spots; terminal space 
broadly fawn thickly irrorated with buff. Hind wing fawn color 
the termen irrorated with white; cilia cinnamon tipped with white. 
Wings below fawn color thickly irrorated with white; medial and 
postmedial whitish lines across both wings. 

Expanse.—80 mm. 

Habitat.—Chejel, Guatemala. 

Type.—Cat. No. 26217, U.S.N.M. 

Named after Don Roberto Hempsted at whose hospitable house 
innumerable specimens were collected. 


TOLYPE ABDAN, new species. 


Male.—Palpi and side of frons black, front and top of palpi nar- 
rowly white; frons white. Collar, thorax, and abdomen white. Fore 
wing white, thinly scaled ; antemedial and postmedial brownish quad- 
rate spots on costa; faint traces of subbasal and antemedial lines; an 
outcurved, postmedial series of short dark streaks on veins; a sub- 
terminal cinnamon buff line, inbent on costa, outset at vein 9 and 
rather broad to vein 6, narrower between veins 6 and 4, slightly 
broader again between 4 and 3, narrow again between 3 and 2; a 
streak of longer white scales on discocellular; termen narrowly more 
thickly scaled; three fuscous points at apex; cilia white. Hind 
wing smoky black; a whitish shade in disc; a narrow subterminal 
white shade; cilia tipped with white. Fore wing below white with 
traces of markings. Hind wing below white with long smoky 
streaks on interspaces postmedially. 

Expanse.—30 mm. 

Habitat.— Panama. 

Type.—Cat. No. 26218, U.S.N.M. 

Received from C. L. Pollard. 

The cell of the hind wing is remarkably short, so that vein 6 arises 
from 7 close to base, 8 apparently from 9. 








ART. 7. NEW SPECIES OF MOTHS—SCHAUS. 45 
TOLYTIA, new genus. 


Male.—Palpi: first joint with long fringe, porrect; second joint 
upturned with thick fringe; third joint porrect, short, resting on 
fringe of second joint. Antennae short, pectinated to tips. Abdo- 
men with broad dorsal tufts. Tibiae and tarsi with long tufts. Fore 
wing broad, the outer margin rounded; vein 2 from near base of cell; 
3 well before angle; 4 and 5 from lower angle; 6 and 7 on short 
stalk from upper angle; 8 from upper angle; 9 absent; 10 and 11 
from cell. Hind wing: costa slightly rounded at base; termen and 
anal angle rounded; vein 2 from beyond middle of cell; 3 before 
lower angle; 4 and 5 from lower angle; 6 from 7 before end of cell; 
& and 9 from near base. 

Type of genus.—T olytia multilinea (Tolype) Schaus. 

Tolype sanguilenta Dognin also belongs here. 


TYTOCHA, new genus. 





Male.—Palpi upturned to frons, clothed with long hairs which 
conceal the third joint. Antenna with long pectinations on basal 
half, shorter on terminal half. Abdomen with dorsal tuft at base. 
Legs clothed with long tufts except on terminal half of hind tarsi. 
Fore wing moderately broad, the termen oblique and crenulate; vein 
2 from near base of cell; 3 from just beyond middle of cell; 4 and 
5 from lower angle; 6 and 7 stalked from upper angie; 8 absent; 
9 and 10 on long stalk from end of cell; 11 free approximating 12. 
Hind wing: costa produced at base, then excurved, the termen 
rounded and slightly crenulate; vein 2 from before angle; 3, 4, 5 
from lower angle; cell half the length of wing; 6 from 7 before 
upper angle; 8 and 9 from near base. 

Type of genus—Tytocha temperata Schaus. 

Tolype crassilinea Dognin also belongs here. 


TYTOCHA TEMPERATA, new species. 


Male.—Palpi and frons whitish, the former with cinnamon buff 
shading behind. Body pale pinkish buff with faint transverse vina- 
ceous buff lines on collar and abdomen dorsally. Legs vinaceous 
buff mottled with white. Fore wing pale pinkish buff crossed 
by sinuous vinaceous buff lines; a subbasal spot below cell; three 
antemedial lines; a fuscous line on discocellular with smoky shading 
on either side; three postmedial lines followed by a fourth broken 
line, and a broader subterminal similar shade; terminal cinnamon 
buff lines on interspaces and base of cilia. Hind wing pale pinkish 
buff, the veins whitish buff; a fine buff streak on discocellular. Wings 
below whitish, the lines on fore wing less distinct. 


46 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. von, 65. 


Expanse.—33 mm. 
Habitat—Cayuga, Guatemala. 
Type.—Cat. No. 26219, U.S.N.M. 


TITYA AVITA, new species. 


Male.—Palpi, head, and body black; shoulders, side of collar, outer 
half of patagia, and a transverse line dorsally at base of abdomen 
pale flesh color; abdomen at end below and laterally salmon buff; 
thorax below and underside of legs whitish. Wings hyaline smoky 
gray with minute black irrorations. Fore wing more heavily scaled 
on base and along inner margin; veins partly very finely white; some 
white hairs at base; antemedial line white, fine, double, vertical to 

- vein 2, angled and inbent; a black line on discocellular; postmedial 
line white, fine, double, outcurved below costa and again at vein 4, 
inangled on vein 2 almost reaching antemedial and connected with it 
by a white line on vein 2; a very fine and faint subterminal sinuous 
whitish line; a fine dark gray terminal line preceded by a few white 
scales; cilia short, white. Hind wing with the inner half clothed 
with smoky black hairs. Underside of wing showing faintly the 
markings of upper side. 

The female has similar markings, but the wings are more opaque. 

Expanse.—Male, 36 mm.; female, 59 mm. 

Habitat.—Sio Paulo, Southeast Brazil. 

Type.—Cat. No. 26220, U.S.N.M. 

The species is allied to 7. proxima Burmeister and 7’. vitreus 
Dognin. 


TiITYA ANGALA, new species. 


Male.—Palpi black mottled above with some grayish hairs. Body 
above black; a faint whitish line across front of collar; outer side 
of collar, shoulders, and outer half of patagia pale ochraceous sal- 
mon; some white hairs terminally on abdomen above; lateral tufts 
of abdomen, sides of thorax below, underside of legs, and anal open- 
ing buff white. Fore wing pale ochraceous salmon, largely obli- 
terated by the fuscous black markings as follows: a spot at base; 
a double antemedial line, outangled on vein 2, the inner portion much 
broader below cell; a large medial space from costa to vein 3, its 
inner edge curved, its outer edge incurved between veins 6 and 4, con- 
taining a small black pale edged spot on discocellular; an elongated 
spot medially on inner margin; a very wavy postmedial line some- 
what interrupted towards inner margin, followed from costa by a 
broad space to vein 6, its outer edge lunular, below vein 6 parallel 
with and close to postmedial; an interrupted slight subterminal 
shade; terminal elongated spots on interspaces. The veins mostly 
ochraceous buff; cilia short, white. Hind wing smoky black; termen 


» 
a 





ART. 7. NEW SPECIES OF MOTHS—SCHAUS. 47 


narrowly pale ochraceous salmon with black points on interspaces. 
Fore wing below mostly black with subterminal white spots on inter- 
spaces. Hind wing below black; a whitish streak from base of cell 
and on interspaces between veins 2 and 5 

Expanse.—35 mm. 

Habitat.—Rurrenabaque, Bolivia. 

Type.—Cat. No. 26221, U.S.N.M. 

Collected by Dr. William Mann. 

The species is closely allied to 7. taruda Schaus. 


TITYA ARPIANA, new species. 





joint almost entirely white. Head and body whitish buff; some avel- 
laneous mottling on frons and a fuscous lateral spot adjoining palpi; 
avellaneous lines on collar, similar bands on thorax and abdomen 
above. Fore wing whitish buff, the markings avellaneous; a basal 
line; a subbasal spot below cell followed by three broken and irregu- 
lar lines; a darker spot at end of cell and a broken line below it to 
inner margin; terminal half crossed by four lines, outbent from costa, 
angled or outcurved at vein 7; a fifth line close to termen, macular 
foi vein 4 to tornus; terminal spots on interspaces. Hind wing 
thinly scaled, white suffused with avellaneous on inner half; a streak 
on discocellular; a subterminal line and terminal spots extending 
on cilia on both wings. Wings below opalescent white, the lines 
faintly indicated. 

Expanse.—36 mm. 

Habitat.—Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. 

Type.—Cat. No. 26222, U.S.N.M. 

Closely allied to 7. septemlinea Schaus. 


TITYA EVERILDIS, new species. 


Female—Head and thorax fuscous. Abdomen natal brown, the 
two last segments fuscous. Fore wing ecru drab; veins on postmedial 
and subterminal space streaked with fuscous; base of wing smoky 
black; a smoky black spot below cell at vein 4, inbent, ending in a 
point at vein 2; a poruned i smoky black shade, broad on costa, its 
edges lunular from vein 5 to inner margin and from vein 6 divided 
by a faint ecru drab line; a similar LanpaennAl line, its outer edge 
crenulate; cilia smoky black. Hind wing smoky drab gray, the veins 
buffy brown; a fine dark subterminal line; cilia fuscous. 

Expanse.—44 mm. 

Habitat. roi Parana. 

3, U.S.N.M. 

The HS is Aaa quite different; it is allied to 7. comerascens 

Walker of which the male is also unknown. 








48 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 65. 
TITYA GUTHAGON, new species. 


Female—Head and thorax snuff brown. Abdomen wood brown, 
the two last segments snuff brown mottled with whitish hairs. 
Wings thinly scaled, avellaneous. Fore wing: some fuscous hairs at 
base above submedian; a white antemedial line, almost vertical, 
curved between cell and submedian; median vein on medial space 
tinged with fuscous expanding into a small spot at discocellular; a 
white postmedial line downcurved to vein 7, outangled and incurved, 
outcurved slightly below vein 4; some darker scaling after line on 
vein 7, beyond it a fine double dark line approximating postmedia] 
from vein 5 to inner margin; a faint whitish buff subterminal line, 
wavy, lunular; a terminal whitish line, extending on to cilia at veins, 
so the termen appears crenulate; cilia on interspaces wood brown. 
Hind wing avellaneous; cilia with whitish spots at veins; a very 
faint medial whitish shade more distinct on underside. 

Expanse.—50 mm. 

Habitat.—St. Jean, Maroni River, French Guiana. 

Type.—Cat. No. 26224, U.S.N.M. 

Belongs to the group of 7’. rivulosa Butler. 


TITYA VIUDA, new species. 


Female.—Head, thorax, and abdomen above avellaneous suffused 
with drab, rather paler underneath. Fore wing whitish thickly 
irrorated with avellaneous and drab: two black points on discocel- 
lular; a very faint light cinnamon drab postmedial line, outcurved 
and wavy, closely followed by a fine smoky black parallel line out- 
wardly followed on costa by a smoky black shade to the subterminal 
line, the latter drab, suffusing between veins 6 and 4 with the similar 
terminal line; two small cinnamon drab spots, outwardly edged with 
black and placed obliquely between veins 2 and 4, the upper spot 
below discocellular; cilia cinnamon drab. Hind wing buff white 
irrorated with light drab except on costa; cilia light buff. Fore 
wing below buff white irrorated with light drab except on inner 
margin; lines of upper side faintly indicated; cilia light buff tipped 
with light drab. Hind wing below as on upper side. 

Iixpanse.—34 mm. 

Habitat——Formosa, Argentina. 

Z'ype.—Cat. No. 26225, U.S.N.M. 

Allied to 7. nana Druce group. 


ARTACE ARGENTINA, new species. 


Male.—Palpi black, the third joint mottled with white hairs. 
Head and body white, the thorax suffused with pallid mouse gray, 
the abdomen dorsally with mouse gray bands. Legs white, the fore 








ART. 7. NEW SPECIES OF MOTHS—SCHAUS. 49 


tibiae with deep neutral gray spots, the tarsi with broken black 
streaks. Fore wing opalescent white suffused with pallid quaker 
drab; a basal black point; subbasal points on costa and base of vein 
2; double antemedial points superposed on costa, a single point on 
base of vein 3, and one below it on vein 2; two points on discocel- 
lular; a medial series of points on veins; also a postmedial series; a 
subterminal series of small smoky spots on interspaces; a fine ter- 
minal black line adjoining black spots on interspaces. Hind wing 
white; a very fine terminal black line; a smoky shade from vein 2 
near termen to anal angle. 

Expanse.—Male, 27 mm; female, 45 mm. 

Habitat—Tucuman, Argentina. 

Type.—Cat. No. 26226, U.S.N.M. 

The black palpi and absence of terminal streaks on veins dis- 
tinguish this species from allied forms. 


ARTACE MENUVE, new species. 


Male—Palpi black. Body white dorsally suffused with drab 
gray. Legs white; fore tibiae with only a few black hairs, mid 
tibiae black above. Fore wing white, the cell and interspaces thinly 
scaled, slightly opalescent; the black points as in A. argentina 
Schaus; black streaks on veins terminally; no terminal black line, 
only the spots on interspaces. Hind wing white, the inner margin 
clothed with pale drab gray hairs. 

Expanse.—29 mm. 

Habitat—Sao Paulo, South East Brazil. 

Type.—Cat. No. 26227, U.S.N.M. 


ARTACE SISOES, new species. 


Male—Palpi fuscous black above, white in front. Body white, 
the collar, thorax, and abdomen dorsally suffused with drab gray. 
Legs white, the fore tibiae with some black hairs, the fore tarsi with 
black rings and white and black tufts; mid tarsi black. Fore wing 
white, the cell and interspaces thinly scaled and opalescent; the 
series of black points as in A. argentina and A. menwve, but the post- 
medial row forming short streaks on veins; a subterminal smoky 
line cut by veins; some black irrorations on veins terminally; termi- 
nal black spots on interspaces. Hind wing opalescent white, the 
veins white; inner margin broadly covered with white hairs; an 
interrupted terminal black line; a smoky black subterminal line, only 
distinct at anal angle. 

Female.—Fore wing pale smoke gray, the points on veins smoky 
drab, the antemedial] and medial points connected by a fine line; sub- 

45554—25—Proe.N.M.vol.65——9 


50 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 65. 


terminal spots on interspaces, followed by a marginal smoky drab ~ 


gray line. Hind wing drab gray; a subterminal broad white line. 
Expanse.—Male, 30 mm.; female, 52 mm. 
Habitat—Cayuga, Guatemala; also from Quirigua, Guatemala. 
Type.—Cat. No. 26228, U.S.N.M. 





ARTACE HELIER, new species. 


Male.—Palpi fuscous, the third joint crimson. Frons white mot- 
tled with fuscous hairs, its sides fuscous. Collar, thorax, and abdo- 
men white mottled thickly with mouse gray hairs, the abdomen 
showing dorsally fine dark transverse lines. Legs clothed with 
white hairs, the fore coxae shaded with fuscous. Fore wing pallid 
neutral gray, the lines pale neutral gray, the costa and veins white, 


lines obliquely inbent from ccsta, basal, sukbasal, and antemedial 


lines slightly curved on costa then nearly straight; medial line, be- 


yond cell, lunular; postmedial lines less distinct, sinuous, all these 
lines marked with short streaks on veins; a subterminal macular — 
shade, curved and broader at costa; terminal neutral gray spots on | 


. 


interspaces extending on the white cilia. Hind wing white, the inner 
margin clothed with drab gray hairs; a fine terminal line and base 
of cilia pale neutral gray. Fore wing below almost entirely drab 
gray; a postmedial white spot on costa and traces of whitish lines 


beyond. Fore wing below white, a faint subterminal macular pale — 


neutral gray line and similar spots on base of cilia. 

Female——Hind wing thinly scaled white suffused with pallid 
neutral gray; a darker subterminal shade and line on base of cilia. 

Expanse.—Male, 24 mm.; female, 82 mm. 

Habitat.—Castro, Parana. 

Type.—Cat. No. 26229, U.S.N.M. 

Belongs to the group of A. albicans Walker and A. rubripalpis 
Felder. Nearer the former species. 


EUGLYPHIS PLANITA, new species. 


Male.—Head and thorax mottled sulphur white and black. <Ab- 
domen above mottled drab and grayish, underneath fawn color. 
Fore wing dark olive buff irrorated with black; lines fine, sorghum 
brown, followed by some white scaling on costa; antemedial out- 
curved hardly perceptible; post-medial faint, outbent on costa, dentate 
and inbent below vein 9; an oblique brown subapical line from costa, 
also followed by some white scales; cilia fuscous tipped with white. 
Hind wing sorghum brown, the costa broadly, the termen narrowly 
irrorated thickly with white scales with fine dark subterminal and 
terminal line at apex; cilia fuscous, partly light buff at base and 
tipped with white. Wings below cinnamon drab, the veins and 

















ART. 7. NEW SPECIES OF MOTHS—SCHAUS. 51 


termen suffused with light ochraceous buff; cilia fuscous black tipped 
with white. 

Expanse.—24 mm. 

Habitat.—Villarica, Paraguay. 

Type.—Cat. No. 26230, U.S.N.M. 

Near 2. plana Walker, but without the oblique terminal lines. 





EUGLYPHIS SENUCIS, new species. 


Male.—Head, thorax, and abdomen above mottled dark olive brown 
and white, abdomen laterally vinaceous russet, underneath light buff. 
Fore wing mostly dark olive buff suffused with buffy brown; ante- 
medial black and olive brown scaling in cell mottled with whitish 
scales which extend over medial area; some tawny hairs at base 
of inner margin; veins from cell streaked with black expanding into 
small spots on termen; a dark point at end of cell; postmedial line 
fuscous outbent on costa where it is followed by a parallel line, 


below vein 8 minutely lunular with white points on veins, vertical 


to inner margin; subterminal line fuscous outbent on costa, incurved 
between veins 6 and 4, indentate between 4 and 3, then wavy to 
tornus; cilia drab with whitish spots at veins. Hind wing pale 
ochraceous buff, the inner margin with tawny hairs; costal margin 
like fore wing; veins terminally streaked with fuscous brown; a 
subterminal wavy dark line from costa to vein 5. Wings below 
mostly light buff; cilia fuscous brown becoming paler at anal angle 
of hind wing; lines faintly indicated on costa, the subterminal line of 
fore wing very fine and evenly curved. Fore wing with veins 6 and 
7 on short stalk, 8 from angle of cell. 

Expanse.—27 mm. 

Habitat.—Villarica, Paraguay. 

Type.—Cat. No. 26231, U.S.N.M. 


EUGLYPHIS MAHA, new species. 


Male.—Head, collar, thorax, and legs deep brownish drab finely 
irrorated with white. Abdomen brownish drab. Fore wing: basal 
space to near middle deep brownish drab outwardly mottled with 
whitish scales, limited by a fine black line, vertical, slightly in- 
curved below vein 2 to just above vein 1, followed throughout by 
a narrow white fascia which touches a black point on discocellular ; 
outer half brownish drab minutely irrorated with white; a faint 
fine postmedial darker line, outcurved below costa, sinuous below 
vein 6 and defined by whitish points on veins; a faint fine and 
sinuous darker subterminal line; cilia dark brown with light buff 
spots. Hind wing brownish drab, the costa, apex, and termen to 
vein 2 irrorated with white; an inbent blackish brown line from 
apex to cell; termen at apex crenulate. Wings below wood brown 


52 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 65, 


with darker postmedial and subterminal lines, the latter broader, 
macular. 

Expanse.—30 mm. 

Habitat.—Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. 

Type.—Cat. No. 18537, U.S.N.M. 

Closely allied to ’. temblora Schaus which is smaller and has the 
line on hind wing medial and vertical. 

Received from J. Arp. 


EUGLYPHIS SERAPION, new species. 


Male.—Palpi kaiser brown fringed with drab gray. Head and 
thorax mottled kaiser brown and pale drab gray. Abdomen cin- 
namon drab. Fore wing olive buff thickly irrorated with fuscous 
and brown to beyond middle; base of inner margin vinaceous fawn. 
Antemedial indicated by small clusters of white scales on costa and 
below cell; a small black spot at end of cell; postmedial indicated 
by short white streaks on veins; subterminal line fuscous, oblique 
on costa, then macular, parallel with termen, incurved below vein 3, 
veins beyond cell finely liver brown irrorated with white; cilia butty 
brown with olive buff spots at veins and partly tipped with white. 
Hind wing cinnamon drab, the costal area to median and vein 5 as 
on forewing crossed by three postmedial white points; subterminal 
darker and only faintly indicated; terminal half of costa crenulate 
as well as termen. Wings below wood brown, the veins pinkish buff: 
cilia darker shaded in cross light. 

-Expanse.—31 mm. 

Habitat.—E]1 Sitio, Costa Rica. 

Type.—Cat. No. 26232, U.S.N.M. 

Can be placed near Z. ihavan Druce. 


EUGLYPHIS VISTORICA, new species. 


Male.—Palpi, head, and body wood brown, a kaiser brown line 
on palpi behind. Fore wing wood brown thickly mottled with 
whitish scales, and on basal area with liver brown, the scales on 
medial area upturned; inner margin narrowly and veins warm buff 
irrorated with liver brown; antemedial line, faintly indicated, whit- 
ish; postmedial line fine, whitish, outbent on costa, sinuous; sub- 
terminal consisting of whitish lunules on interspaces with dark spots 
on proximal side; a fine light buff line on cilia at base and some 
whitish tips to cilia, also indistinct spots at veins. Hind wing above 
sayal brown, the costal area broadly like fore wing; a wavy white 
postmedial line, faint below vein 6; a wavy white subterminal line, 
macular towards costa. Wings below wood brown, palest on inner 
margin of fore wing, and costa of hind wing; veins pinkish buff; 

















ART. 7. NEW SPECIES OF MOTHS—SCHAUS. 53 


a postmedial line, and macular darker subterminal line, both paler 
edged distally. 

Expanse.—359 min. 

Habitat—Las Quiguas, San Esteban Valley, Venezuela. 

Type.—Cat. No. 26233, U.S.N.M. 

Closely allied to Claphe fusconigra Dognin, but larger, the post- 
medial line of underside absent in Dognin’s species. 





EUGLYPHIS AUDIFAX, new species. 


Male-—Palpi light buff with a lateral chestnut brown spot at base. 
Head, tegulae, and thorax pale drab gray, the tegulae slightly mot- 
tled with brown hairs; a chestnut brown spot on metathorax. Ab- 
domen light drab. Legs with drab gray hairs, the fore tibiae more 
whitish. Fore wing whitish, the base thickly mottled with chestnut 
brown hairs, mostly upturned, limited by a fine line inangled below 
cell; a fuscous black spot at end of cell, the space beyond to post- 
medial line suffused from vein 3 to costa with light drab; postmedial 
line fine, double, outangled below costa, slightly ineurved and out- 
angled below vein 4, then inbent to inner margin, consisting of 
brownish scales, followed on costa by a small quadrate chestnut 
brown spot and a similar double spot between veins 4 and 6, the 
latter forming part of a smaller series of subterminal spots; termen 
shaded with light cinnamon drab except at apex and tornus; cilia 
hair brown with white spots at veins. Hind wing cinnamon drab, 
the apical half of costa, apex, and termen white; a subterminal 
outangled line from costa, inangled below vein 6; cilia as on fore 
wing. Wings below drab, the veins light buff; termen whitish buff; 
subterminal smoky brown spots; a fine postmedial line on hind 
wings. 

Expanse.—32 mm. 

Habitat—Callao, Peru. 

Type.—Cat. No. 26234, U.S.N.M. 

Collected by Mrs. M. J. Pusey. 

Allied to £’. ogenes Herrich Schaeffer, 2. bochica Schaus, and F, 
murina Moschler. 

EUGLYPHIS SCHADEI, new species. 


Female.—Head and thorax mottled brownish olive and light mouse 
gray, the latter color predominating. Abdomen drab. Fore wing 
light mouse gray irrorated finely with brownish olive, the basal third 
with black irrorations, the markings smoky black; a faint outcurved 
subbasal line; antemedial wavy, vertical, inbent below vein 2; post- 
medial near cell, outcurved on costa, wavily lunular to just beyond 
middle of inner margin; subterminal line macular from an outbent 
line on costa, incurved at vein 5, the spots from vein 5 to tornus 


54 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, 65. 


partly dentate, above vein 5 small, round. Hind wing similar, the 
inner margin broadly covered with drab hairs; a black medial hne 
from costa to lower angle of cell; a fine irregular subterminal line, 
lunular from vein 3 to anal angle; cilia on both wings brownish. 
Wings below light drab, the apices irrorated with white; traces of 
subterminal and medial lines; a brownish terminal line; cilia at base 
buff gray. 

Expanse.—54 mm. 

Habitat.—Villarica, Paraguay. 

Type.—Cat. No. 26235, U.S.N.M. 

Can be placed near /’. herberti Schaus. 


EUGLYPHIS GUNDLEA, new species. 


Female—Palpi wood brown, the hairs in front tipped with fuscous. 
Head and collar vinaceous fawn mottled with gray. Thorax wood 
brown mottled with white. Abdomen wood brown with faint fus- 
cous transverse lines. Fore wing drab gray; basal area to near mid- 
dle of costa, and one third of inner margin vinaceous brown, crossed 
by a darker subbasal curved line and a double curved antemedial line 
incurved above vein 1, the outer line limiting the basal area; a double 
vinaceous brown postmedial line, outbent on costa then sinuous, 
somewhat lunular; a dark gray subterminal line, partly shaded with 
white. Hind wing benzo brown, the apical area drab gray. 

Expanse.—32 mm. 

Habitat.—Rurrenabaque, Bolivia. 

Type.—Cat. No. 26236, U.S.N.M. 


EUGLYPHIS VANDRILLA, new species. 


Female.—Head, thorax, and hairs on legs brownish drab, the hairs 
terminally pale mouse gray. Abdomen and hind wing drab. Fore 
wing brownish drab thickly irrorated with pale mouse gray except 
on lines, the antemedial thick, wavily curved, followed by a more 
irregular finer line, the postmedial almost vertical, faintly incurved 
on costa, preceded by a finer line; a dark point at end of cell; a wavy 
subterminal row of small brownish drab spots; cilia brownish drab. 
Hind wing with some pale mouse gray irrorations at apex and on 
termen to vein 2. Wings below drab, the veins faintly ochraceous 
buff. 

Expanse.—28 mm. 

Habitat.—Villarica, Paraguay. 

Type.—Cat. No. 26239, U.S.N.M. 





EUGLYPHIS ALDEGONDES, new species. 


Male.—Head, collar, and thorax mottled vinaceous rufous and 
light buff. Abdomen above cinnamon rufous, underneath pinkish 











ART. 7. NEW SPECIES OF MOTHS—SCHAUS. 55 


buff. Fore wing cinnamon rufous, at end of cell and before sub- 
terminal line tinged with light vinaceous fawn; costa mottled like 
thorax on basal half, then mottled with gray to apex; traces of 
antemedial and medial lines, more ferruginous in color, the medial 
with black points on veins; postmedial line oblique on costa, con- 
sisting of short black and white streaks on veins, from vein 6 to 4 
forming a straight black line, below vein 4 slightly wavy to inner 
margin, outwardly paler edged and followed by a parallel fer- 
ruginous line; subterminal line thick, black, very pronounced, out- 
bent on costa, incurved below vein 6, outcurved to vein 3, then down- 
turned to inner margin; a terminal ferruginous line and similar 
streaks on veins. Hind wing mostly cinnamon rufous, only the 
costa, apex, and termen to vein 3 with grayish white mottling; sub- 
terminal line thick, black, wavy. Wings below almost entirely 
vinaceous rufous, the fore wing shaded with black beyond cell, the 
subterminal line finer, less distinct, the hind wing with traces of 
subterminal line and some black shading at anal angle. 

Expanse.—30 mm. 

Habitat—Rurrenabaque, Bolivia. 

Type.—Cat. No. 26240, U.S.N.M. 

Collected by Dr. William Mann. 

Termen of fore wing roundly oblique; costa of hind wing rounded 
at base, the anal angle somewhat prolonged. 


EUGLYPHIS CASIMIR, new species. 


Female.—Palpi and head orange cinnamon. Thorax and abdomen 
sayal brown. Fore wing rood’s brown suffused with benzo brown, 
the inner margin suffused with orange cinnamon; two black points 
at end of cell; a double subterminal white line, parallel with termen, 
the outer line lunular. Hind wing rood’s brown; a few white hairs 
on termen and cilia at apex. Wings below rood’s brown with- 
out markings. 

Expanse.—30 mm. 

Habitat—St. Jean, Maroni River, French Guiana. 

T'ype.—Cat. No. 26241, U.S.N.M. 

Can be placed near /’. guttularis Walker. 


EUGLYPHIS SURAMIS, new species. 


Male.—Palpi ferruginous. Head black with ferruginous lines at 
sides of frons. Collar and thorax fuscous black, the shoulders 
mottled with hazel hairs. Abdomen hazel overlaid at base and later- 
ally with fuscous black hairs. Legs mikado brown, the fore legs 
mottled with whitish hairs. Fore wing narrow, apex acute, termen 
very oblique, the basal space kaiser brown, the veins black with white 


56 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 65. 


irrorations; basal, subbasal and antemedial liver brown spots form- 
ing curved lines; a medial chestnut brown line, curved below cell, 
dentate outwardly at veins and emitting in cell a line to discocel- 
lular; space beyond to the rather remote postmedial, liver brown, 
mottled between veins 5 and 6 and on inner margin with apricot 
buif; postmedial line very indistinct, lunular, kaiser brown, defined 
by some apricot buff scales from vein 5 to vein 2; apical third of 
costa kaiser brown, a fuscous shade below it, a subterminal fuscous 
brown irregular shade; termen apricot buff irrorated with kaiser 
brown; cilia kaiser brown with faint light buff points at veins. 
Hind wing greatly produced on inner margin and anal angle, the 
outer margin slightly incurved, seal brown; a broad postmedial line 
from costa to vein 4, apricot buff irrorated and divided by a kaiser 
brown line; edge of termen and base of cilia apricot buff irrorated 
with kaiser brown, and with some small white spots on tips. Wings 
below uniform chestnut brown. 

Expanse.—30 mm. 

Habitat Cayuga, Guatemala. 

Ty pe.—Cat. No. 26242, U.S.N.M. 

Can be placed near /’. cacopasa Dyar and EF. aldegondes Schaus, 
the hind wing more produced than in those species. 


Family CERURIDAE. 


ELYMIOTIS PLECHELM, new species. 


Male.—Palpi light buff above, natal brown below. Head buffy 
brown mottled with natal brown. Collar mostly citrine drab, the 
scales behind partly tipped with black. Thorax buffy brown. Ab- 
domen above benzo brown, the dorsal tuft at base army brown, 
underneath whitish buff irrorated with dark olive gray; a black 
ventral line; fore coxae and throat bone brown. Fore wing cinna- 
mon drab; the median vein, a basal space below cell, the interspaces 
near cell between veins 2 and 4, and a streak on costa whitish buft, 
the latter irrorated with black and crossed by numerous dark lines; 
a short fuscous streak from base of costa obliquely to subcostal; fine, 
geminate subbasal and antemedial lines above and below cell; a dark 
brown streak through cell interrupted by short medial lines, beyond 
cell fine, fuscous black to near termen; a velvety black point at lower 
angle of cell, and a smaller point above it; another point in cell 
below subcostal; medial line double with tuft of raised scales below 
cell, a dark shade from it to submedian at antemedial line; space 
beyond cell between veins 4 and 6, also termen suffused with pur- 
plish brown; postmedial line dark brown, double, consisting chiefly 
of small lunules across veins; a subapical curved whitish line irro- 
rated with orange cinnamon between veins 7 and 8; fine black sub- 


a sae - : . <n ech 















arr. 7. NEW SPECIES OF MOTHS—SCHAUS. 57 


terminal lunules on interspaces; veins terminally fuscous; a fine 
wavy terminal line. Hind wing white, the outer half and costa 
bronzy cinnamon drab; cilia white. Hind wing below with the 
white more extended, reaching anal angle. 

Expanse.—40 mm. 

Habitat.—Peru. 

Type.—Cat. No. 26357, U.S.N.M. 

Can be placed near #. audaxr Druce. 


ANTIOPHA PITTIERI, new species. 


Male.—Palpi bone white above, the base of third joint fuscous, 
the fringe below fuscous with a few white hairs. Head, collar, and 
thorax white mottled with fuscous. Abdomen above bone white with 
drab gray segmental lines. Body below and legs whitish; fore and 
mid femora fuscous irrorated with white, the fore and mid tarsi 
fuscous with white rings. Fore wing whitish thickly irrorated with 
drab and grayish olive; base of costal margin fuscous, also a spot 
below cell limited by a subbasal irregular white line, followed by a 
fuscous patch on costa reaching median vein; a white antemedial 
line outangled below cell, partly shaded with cream white and edged 
with some fuscous scales, forming a thick line distally from fold 
to just below vein 1; a large dark olive patch from within lower part. 
of cell, edged with fuscous black scales, its proximal side oblique 
to vein 2, above sinuous with a clear white line above it, followed 
from vein 4 by a broad fuscous fascia to costa near apex, with clearer 
white before it and distally edged with white, from below vein 4 a 
fine dark olive, irreguiar line, extends from the outer edge of the 
fascia to inner margin; termen from vein 3 to apex suffused with 
dark grayish olive; a fine subterminal and a terminal interrupted 
black line with white points on veins; cilia dark olive. Hind wing 
white, thickly suffused with drab, the cilia white. Hind wing below 
white with a fine terminal fuscous line not reaching anal angle. 

Expanse.—27 mm. 

Habitat.—Valera, Venezuala. 

Type.—Cat. No. 26358, U.S.N.M. 

Collected by H. Pittier. 

Very similar to A. marcella Schaus, smaller, brighter, and with 
white celia on hind wing. 


DICENTRIA MANNI, new species. 


Male—Palpi cinnamon buff with a lateral black streak behind; 
head russet with some black hairs on vertex; thorax fuscous, the 
patagia, lateral tufts, and tegulae cinnamon buff mottled with drab 
and gray, the front of tegulae dark russet. Abdomen ahove fuscous, 

45554—25—Proe. N.M.vol.65——_10 


58 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 65. 


the base and anal hairs light cinnamon drab; a black dorsal tuft at 
base; underneath pale pinkish buff with a fine dark ventral line. 
Fore wing: base to antemedial line mostly fuscous with some cinna- 
mon buff scaling along fold and inner margin, the space between 
silvery gray with darker irrorations; antemedial line black, outbent 
on costa, inangled to near base below subcostal; medial line outbent 
on costa, then nearly vertical to below cell where it bifurcates, the 
inner branch wavy and incurved on submedian, the outer branch 
wavy and outcurved on submedian, both vertical and parallel below 
submedian; some whitish scaling in end of cell; a velvety black 
brown line on discocellular followed by a broad fuscous shade from 
vein 6 to vein 2; postmedial line double, fine, black, outbent and close 
together on costa, then rather widely apart, the inner line suffusing 
with the fuscous shade beyond cell, the outer line deeply dentate, 
the space between partly light quaker drab, the angles on outer side 
filled in with light ochraceous buff; costa from above discocellular 
to apex pale grayish; terminal area mostly russet, the veins mottled 
quaker drab and whitish; fine black lines on interspaces, faintly bi- 
furcating before termen enclosing small terminal black points; a 
velvety brown black streak subterminally at vein 8; a small sub- 
terminal quadrate white spot between veins 2 and 3; the postmedial 
area above inner margin whitish; cilia white on interspaces. Hind 
wing whitish with hair brown scaling, the margins broadly suffused 
with hair brown. Fore wing below fuscous with faint whitish spots 
on termen. Hind wing below whitish. 

Expanse.—34 mm. 

Habitat—Rurrenabaque, Bolivia. 

Type.—Cat. No. 26067, U.S.N.M. 

Collected by Dr. William M. Mann during the Mulford Biological 
Expedition. 

RIFARGIA CINGA, new species. 


Female.—Palpi cartridge buff streaked above with black. Head 
mottled light buff and white. Collar and thorax cinnamon; patagia 
gray white, the dorsal edge mottled with black and cinnamon. Ab- 
domen whitish gray, with dark irrorations, overlaid except on two 
last segments with dull brownish and light cinnamon hairs, under- 
neath whitish. Legs mostly clothed with buff white hairs, the tarsi 
dark brown with white rings. Fore wing mostly silvery white with 
grayish irrorations; a fine black line from base of costa, outbent and 
irregular to inner margin followed by a small black spot below cell; 
antemedial line black, double, oblique on costa, outset on subcostal 
and outcurved to vein 1 where it is slightly inangled, a short double 
line above it on costa; a broad oblique buffy brown shade from costa 
across antemedial line to postmedial from vein 3 to inner margin; 





TaD ees Wie, ee Re 0 a ie epi 














art. 7. NEW SPECIES OF MOTHS—SCHAUS. 59 


reniform finely outlined in black; postmedial line fine, black, double, 
almost straight to vein 3, incurved below vein 3, and again below 
vein 1; terminal space iridescent buffy brown with a very faint and 
irregular whitish shade; a fine subterminal black line, lunular from 
vein 4 to tornus, the points reaching termen. Hind wing dull buffy 
brown. 

Expanse.—54 mm. 

fabitat—Rockstone, British Guiana. 

Type.—Cat. No. 26359, U.S.N.M. 

Close to 2. apella Schaus; recognized easily by the straighter post- 
media] line. 

HEMICERAS CADOCA, new species. 


Male.—Palpi above, head, and collar tawny, palpi in front, a line 
on vertex and tufts at base of antennae white. Thorax and fore wing 
light ochraceous buff irrorated with grayish olive. Abdomen above 
tawny; body below and legs whitish, some tawny irrorations on 
venter; fore femora and the tarsi tawny. Fore wing: veins finely 
grayish olive, the two lines and cilia pecan brown, the medial side of 
veins edged with dark olive gray; first line from beyond middle of 
costa straight and inbent to a slight projection on inner margin be- 
fore middle; second line from costa close to apex inbent to inner 
margin beyond middle, the lines further apart on costa than on inner 
margin; a narrow subterminal dark olive gray shade from vein 4 to 
vein 2; base of median more heavily dark shaded; an oblique pecan 
brown line from base below cell to vein 1 near first line. Hind wing 
white, the inner margin broadly, the termen narrowly tawny; stigma 
pecan brown. Wings below white, the costal margin and apical area 
of fore wing tawny. 

Expanse.—40 mm. 

Habitat.—Victoria, Espiritu Santo, Brazil. 

Type.—Cat. No. 26360, U.S.N.M. 


CHLIARA SVIDBERTI, new species. 


Male-—Antennae bipectinate, the shaft whitish, the pectinations 
avellaneous. Head, collar, and thorax avellaneous, the palpi black 
in front, the head and collar with some fuscous hairs. Abdomen 
above and thorax underneath vinaceous fawn; abdomen below vina- 
ceous buff. Fore wing vinaceous buff; basal third with apparently 
four very indistinct darker wavy, vertical lines; a fifth line more 
distinct and lunular forms the antemedial and is marked by black 
points on subcostal, in cell, and on submedian fold; black and white 
points along subcostal, median and submedian from base to ante- 
medial line; medial space a trifle darker, broadest from costa to 
vein 4; black points along upper edge of cell and on discocellular 


60 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 65. 


the latter with a small white spot above vein 4; black and white 
points beyond cell on veins 5 and 6 followed by a faint darker line 
and some more points on veins 5 to 7; postmedial line double, very 
faint, lunular, slightly darker than ground color, inbent from costa 
to vein 4, then incurved to inner margin; subterminal wavy; black 
and white lines on interspaces; some clusters of black scales on 
termen. Hind wing pinkish buff, the inner margin cinnamon buff. 

Expanse.—43 mm. 

Habitat— Cayuga, Guatemala. 

Type.—Cat. No. 26068, U.S.N.M. 


Family LIPARIDAE. 


PHIDITIA MINOR, new spccies. 


Male.—Head cinnamon drab. Thorax benzo brown. Abdomen 
cinnamon drab dorsally suffused with benzo brown. Legs grayish 
cinnamon; fore femora with dark streaks; fore coxae and palpi hazel. 
Fore wing mostly benzo brown with light grayish olive irrorations 
on inner side of antemedial line, on costa, and between postmedial 
and subterminal lines; lines fuscous, the antemedial outcurved below 
costa, vertical below cell, the medial parallel with it, the postmedial 
lunular slightly outcurved below costa then vertical; a fuscous point 
on discocellular followed by a lunule from costa conjoined with 
medial line below it; costal edge tawny; a fuscous subterminal line 
outangled on vein 7, then incurved to termen at vein 3, followed by 
a tawny line between veins 6 and 7; cilia cinnamon drab tipped with 
white. Hind wing benzo brown, the outer half suffused with gray- 
ish; a dark medial and postmedial line. Wings below suffused with 
tawny; a fuscous medial shade; a postmedial fine fuscous line, out- 
wardly edged with grayish, vertical and straight on fore wing, 
curved on hind wing. 

Expanse.—29 mm. 

Habitat—Trinidad, Paraguay. 

Type.—Cat. No. 26361, U.S.N.M. 

Allied to P. cuprea Kaye. 


Family MEGALOPYGIDAE. 
PODALIA SCHADEI, new species. 


Male.—Shaft of antennae white, the pectinations drab very finely 
streaked with white. Palpi fuscous black. Body whitish with drab 
markings as follows: lines on tegulae in front and behind, thorax 
medially, large spots on patagia, lateral streaks on metathorax, trans- 
verse lines on abdomen. Body below without markings; the tibiae 


= ea 


a es 








ArT. 7. NEW SPECIES OF MOTHS—SCHAUS. 61 


and tarsi fuscous black. Fore wing drab; base below costa white, 
extending as a line to middle of wing below subcostal, also a fine 
white line above subcostal vein; an angled white line at end of cell 
before a drab spot, suffusing beyond it with a white annulus con- 
taining a drab spot; a postmedial inbent lunular white line, the points 
of lunules slightly produced basad on veins; terminal space with 
fine white lines on veins, and thicker white streaks on interspaces, 
the latter diverging on termen and enclosing drab spots. Hind wing 
rather paler with drab hairs on inner area and terminal spots on 
interspaces. 

Expanse.—47 mm. 

Habitat.—Villa Rica, Paraguay. 

Type.—Cat. No. 26069, U.S.N.M. 

Received from Don Pedro Jorgensen. 


Named after Mr. Schade of Villa Rica. 
MEGALOPYGE BRAULIO, new species. 


Male.—Antennae vinaceous buff, a streak on shaft and tips of 
pectinations white. Palpi ivory yellow shaded laterally at base 
with bister. Head and body bister; ivory yellow spots on vertex, 
shoulders, front of thorax and dorsally on first segment of abdomen, 
the following segments with white spots expanding gradually to 
anal segment; some whitish hairs on tegulae. Body below and legs 
bister. Fore wing drab; some white at base and a bister subbasal 
point; a white shade at end of cell enclosing a fuscous discal spot; 
a whitish postmedial shade from which white streaks extend on in- 
terspaces to near termen, the veins terminally finely streaked with 
white; basal half of costa with white streaks above and below costal 
vein. Hind wing whitish, the veins broadly drab. Wings under- 
neath white, the veins drab, broadly so terminally on fore wing which 
also has the cell drab to near end. 

The female has no white on termen of fore wing; a white wavy 
line on basal half of costa, and the usual crinkly hairs from base to 
beyond middle, the postmedial white hairs forming wavy lines. 
Hind wing thinly scaled, hair brown, the veins slightly darker. 

Expanse.—Male, 30 mm.; female, 39 mm. 

Habitat.—Villa Rica, Paraguay. 

Type.—Cat. No. 26070, U.S.N.M. 

Differs from M7. albicollis Walker and M. superba Henry Edwards 
in the drab color of wings, and in the less intense white markings 
of postmedial area of fore wing. 

Received from Don Pedro Jorgensen. 


62 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, 65. 


Family PYRALIDAE. 
Subfamily Pyrausrinar. 
PILOCROCIS NALOTALIS, new species. 


Male.—Palpi greenish olive, the first joint mostly white, the sec- 
ond partly fringed with white; frons cupreous; vertex mottled deep 
brownish drab and naples yellow; collar deep brownish drab, with 
naples yellow spots outwardly; thorax naples yellow, the patagia 
mottled brownish drab and naples yellow; abdomen above deep 
chrome, with fine segmental fuscous black lines, the anterior line on 
second segment broader, a short thick line on pre-anal segment and 
a white line on same segment behind; anal segment with dorsal 
fuscous streak, and subdorsal ochraceous white lines; body below 
and legs silvery white, the fore and mid tibiae with dark streaks, 
the fore tarsi with fuscous spot near base and at joint with tibiae. 
Fore wing dark purple drab, the markings naples yellow; a basa! 
line, a curved antemedial line, a small quadrate spot in cell contain- 
ing a dark point, a small spot below cell, a postmedial fascia from 
vein 7 to vein 2, its outer edge expanding between veins 5 and 3, 
some spots beyond from costa to vein 6, and smaller spots from 
veins 5 to 2; cilia mostly neutral gray, with a fine pale line at base. 
Hind wing naples yellow, the lines and termen broadly cupreous 
dark purple drab; antemedial line straight, rather broad, not reach- 
ing anal angle; postmedial line separated from termen by a sinuous 
naples yellow narrow fascia from costa to close below vein 2; cilia 
neutral gray with a pale line at base and white tips. Underside 
almost the same, but duller, the antemedial line of hind wing divided 
in cell by a pale line. 

Hxpense.—30 mm. 

Habitat.—Loja, Ecuador. 

Type.—Cat. No. 26051, U.S.N.M. 

A cotype in collection Dognin, to whom I am indebted for a 
specimen. 

CONCHYLODES VINCENTALIS, new species. 


Female——Palpi, head, collar, and thorax white; black spots on 
vertex, tegulae, shoulders, thorax, and patagia. Abdomen above 
white on basal segments, with a broad black transverse line on sec- 
ond segment, and dorsal black points on next two segments, the 
others orange buff with segmental white lines. Legs white, the 
fore tibiae with a fuscous streak; tarsi with fine black rings. Fore 
wing white, the lines black; a subbasal line from costa to below cell; 
antemedial line oblique; a small medial annulus across cell; a large 
annulus around discocellular; postmedial inbent on costa, outcurved 
at vein 6 and downbent to near inner margin where it is retracted 











art. 7. NEW SPECIES OF MOTHS—SCHAUS. 63 


to discocellular annulus, curved and downbent to inner margin; 
subterminal line straight parallel with terminal line, the two con- 
nected by a bar above vein 5; cilia white. Hind wing white; a black 
point on discocellular; a postmedial line from vein 6 to below vein 
2, retracted to cell, sinuous to inner margin above angle, inter- 
rupted near cell and before inner margin; subterminal and _ ter- 
minal lines faint towards anal angle. 

Expanse.—21 mm. 

Habitat— Buena Vista, Bolivia. 

Type.—Cat. No. 26052, U.S.N.M. 

Near C. argentalis Cramer. 





DICHOCROCIS NIMALIS, new species. 


Male—Palpi white streaked with reddish brown above. Head 
silky white. Collar white shaded in front with buff. Thorax buff, 
the patagia outwardly white. Abdomen dorsally brown at base, 
with white spots, terminally gray with white segmental lines; under- 
neath white. Legs white. Fore wing thinly scaled iridescent gray 
brown; base darker; two small spots antemedially in cell, and two 
streaks medially, with whitish shades around them; a darker streak 
on discocellular, somewhat divided by a whitisk line; a subterminal 
broad white line from costa to vein 5; whitish shading terminally, 
and small brown spots on interspaces; cilia white mottled with pale 
brown. Hind wing semihyaline white, the costal margin and 
termen broadly grayish brown, crossed by a wavy subterminal 
white line; a terminal white line; cilia dark brown at base, then 
paler and tipped with white. Wings below grayish white showing 
indistinctly the markings of upper surface. 

Expanse.—20 mm. 

Habitat.— Bolivia. 

Type.—Cat. No. 25596, U.S.N.M. 

Belongs near ). prosalis Druce. 


PILETOSOMA TACTICALIS, new species. 


Ma@e—Palpi fuscous brown, the base below, throat, and fore 
femora silvery white. Head fuscous gray, the frons shot with blue. 
Thorax fuscous gray with vivid metallic blue markings. Abdomen 
above ochraceous gray tinged with metallic blue, underneath fuscous 
gray tinged with blue and with four segmental white lines. Legs 
fuscous. Fore wing iridescent purple, tinged with blue on basal 
half; the immediate base, costal and inner margin brilliant dark blue; 
cilia fuscous with paler tips. Hind wing iridiscent purple, the base 
and inner margin tinged with blue; cilia black at base, broadly 
tipped with white. Wings below duller with bluish tinge only on 
inner margin of hind wing. 


64 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 65. 


Expanse.—30 mm. 
Habitat.—Tactic, Guatemala. 
Type.—Cat. No. 25606, U.S.N.M. 
The antennae are simple. 


PILETOSOMA CHAQUIMAYALIS, new species. 


Male——Antennae simple, dark brown above, whitish below, also 
tips. Palpi fuscous, base below, throat, and fore femora light 
orange yellow. Body above purplish fuscous, underneath and legs 
whitish yellow. Wings rather thinly scaled in disk vandyke brown 
tinged with iridescent purple, the veins on fore wing and costal 
margin fuscous purple. Wings below paler. 

Expanse.—32 mm. . 

Habitat—Chaquimaya, Peru. 

Type.—Cat. No. 25607, U.S.N.M. 


PILETOSMA GUIANALIS, new species. 


Male.—Palpi orange buff with a grayish streak above. Antennae 
with ridge of hairs along the third fourth, brown, the terminal 
fourth white. Frons fuscous gray with metallic blue scaling; vertex 
sayal brown. Collar and thorax dusky slate-violet. Abdomen above 
dusky slate-violet, underneath orange buff; thorax below orange buff, 
the legs whitish yellow, fore femora orange buff. Fore wing silky 
vandyke brown, the costa dark purplish; faint semihyaline markings 
at end of cell, below cell and beyond cell on interspaces, these mark- 
ings are more pronounced in the female. Hind wing the same, but 
the semihyaline markings still less distinct, the termen narrowly 
tinged with black; anal angle slightly lobed with small fovea. Wings 
below lighter brown. 

Expanse.—27 mm. 

Habitat.—Rockstone, British Guiana; also from French Guiana. 

Type.—Cat. No. 25608, U.S.N.M. 


SYLEPTA MITANALIS, new species. 


Female.—Palpi white, the end of second joint with a buff ring. 
dead white; frons with some drab shading. Collar gray brown 
tipped with white. Thorax dark purple in front, white behind; 
patagia silky gray, dorsally edged with cream color. Abdomen dor- 
sally buff brown with medial dark brown spots; laterally with fus- 
cous brown spots; none of the spots extend on to the last two segments. 
Legs and tarsi white. Fore wing silky brownish drab; costal 
margin white between the two lines; basal and subbasal interrupted 
white lines across costal margin and cell; a white basal spot on inner 
margin; a fine dark antemedial line defined by whitish shading on 
either side and with a more distinct small white spot inwardly be- 














ART. 7. NEW SPECIES OF MOTHS—SCHAUS. 65 


low cell, and similar spots on either side on inner margin; a small 
white shade near end of cell, and a white shade beyond cell between 
veins 5 and 7; a faint dark subterminal line, faintly lunular dentate; 
a darker terminal shade with small white spots on interspaces; cilia 
gray with a darker basal line. Hind wing semihyaline white shaded 
with drab, except at base; a darker postmedial line outwardly edged 
with white; termen with white lunules forming a line from vein 3 
to anal angle; cilia white with dark spots at veins. Underneath 
duller the spots on fore wing showing through, the hind wing 
whitish with only a dark postmedial line. 

Ixpanse.—30 mm. 

ITabitat—Y ahuarmayo, Peru. 

Type.—Cat. No. 25594, U.S.N.M. 

Close to S. ewcelsalis Schaus. 


MARGARONIA CELESTINALIS, new species. 


Male.—Fore wing with down-turned fringe at base of costa below 
concealing tufts of long hairs. Palpi orange brown fringed below 
with white. Head, collar, and thorax white; front of collar and a 
line on shoulders orange brown. Abdomen creamy white above, the 
anal hairs black. Body below and legs white, the fore tibiae and 
tarsi yellow brown. Fore wing above bright iridescent gray, the 
margins narrowly duller, the base white; a white streak below sub- 
costal; costa yellow brown with a silver streak above subcostal; a ter- 
minal dark line broken into spots near apex. Hind wing less bril- 
liantly iridescent, the base and inner margin more whitish; terminal 
line continuous. Wings below with the outer margins broadly dark 
shaded, the basal half of costa of hind wing white. 

Expanse.—31 mm. 


Habitat—Yahuarmayo, Peru. 
Type.—Cat. No. 25601, U.S.N.M. 


MARGARONIA CULMINALIS, new species. 


Male.—Body above clay color; base of palpi below and throat 
white; lateral black tufts on anal segment. Body below white, tibiae 
partly clay color. Fore wing above silky clay color; an oblique 
black shade from below cell antemedially to middle of inner margin; 
discocellular finely fuscous; subterminal semihyaline white spots 
edged with fuscous above and below vein 6, and a white point above 
vein 7; from vein 5 to inner margin a semihyaline white line out- 
wardly edged with fuscous, the space before it more thinly scaled; 
cilia with basal darker points. Hind wing semihyaline white; a 
black point on discocellular; termen faintly whitish clay color, de- 
fined by faint subterminal and terminal fine darker lines. Wings 


66 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 65. 


below similar, paler; hind wing with a black point also at upper 
angle of cell. 

Expanse.—38 mm. 

Habitat.—Loja, Ecuador. 

Type.—Cat. No. 25602, U.S.N.M. 

Paratype in collection Dognin. 


MARZARONIA DELICATALIS, new species. 


Male—Head black. Tegulae fuscous with large white spots. 
Thorax fuscous brown, patagia white. Abdomen white with dorsal 
fuscous brown line. Legs white. Fore wing iridescent white, thinly 
scaled; costa and outer margin narrowly fuscous brown; a small 
triangular spot its base on costa above discocellular; a brown line 
from costa near apex almost suffusing with terminal line from vein 
6 to tornus where it joims a fuscous brown line which extends from 
base along submedian vein, the inner margin remaining white. Hind 
wing iridescent semihyaline white; the outer margin narrowly 
fuscous brown; cilia on both wings fuscous tipped with white and 
with a buff line at base. Wings below similar. 

Expanse.—23 mm. 

Habitat.—Tucuman, Argentina. 

Type.—Cat. No. 25603, U.S.N.M. 

Received from P. Dognin. 

Belongs to the group of JZ. heliconialis Guenée. 


MARGARONIA TOLIMALIS, new species. 


Male—Palpi fuscous with some white hairs below. Frons reddish 
brown with lateral white lines; vertex reddish brown; thorax fuscous, 
the patagia with dorsal edge broadly white. Abdomen fuscous with 
some fine segmental white lines, dorsally. Thorax below, throat, and 
fore femora silvery white; legs mostly fuscous. Fore wing fuscous 
brown; an oblique antemedial semihyaline iridescent white fascia 
from subcostal to submedian fold beyond middle of wing: a similar 
postmedial fascia from subcostal to vein 2, less oblique with its inner 
edge nearly straight, its outer edge rounded; a subterminal whitish 
line from vein 8 to inner margin near tornus. Hind wing semi- 
hyaline, iridescent white, the margins broadly fuscous brown. 
Wings below similar, the subterminal line of fore wing very in- 
distinct. 

Expanse.—29 mm. 

Habitat.—Canon del Tolima, Colombia, at 1,700 meters. 

Type.—Cat. No. 25604, U.S.N.M. 

A paratype in collection Dognin has the markings somewhat 
broader. 

Near MW. riolalis Schaus. 


Se POR RO DT DPMP GU DE Le 


7 














ant. 7. NEW SPECIES OF MOTHS—SCHAUS. 67 
MEGASTES OLIVALIS, new species. 


Male—Antennae with the shaft whitish buff, the pectinations 
black. Palpi inwardly white, outwardly drab. Head, collar, and 
thorax buff white shaded with pale drab gray according to light. 
Abdomen above drab with paler lines posteriorly on segments; basal 
segment cinnamon with a short transverse white line in front, its 
ends downbent; second segment with a white line in front expand- 
ing laterally into triangular spots, followed subdorsally by a small 
oval white spot; a sublateral wavy black band; ventral surface like 
dorsum but without white markings. Fore wing grayish olive; a 
white streak medially along costa; inner margin broadly white at 
base; a black basal line on costa, and a similar subbasal line from 
costa across cell; antemedial line black, outcurved to below cell, then 
slightly incurved; medial space whitish, with a large grayish olive 
spot in cell, an ovate spot below cell, and an irregular spot on inner 
margin; a quadrate dark spot at end of cell with black lines on either 
side; postmedial line black, remote, irregularly wavy to vein 2, then 
upbent and curved below end of cell and downbent to near middle of 
imner margin, followed by semihyaline white spots, larger between 
veins 8 and 6, then small to vein 2 and again larger from cell to in- 
ner margin; costa on terminal third light buff; cilia whitish buff with 
small dark spots at veins, also divided by a fine dark line. Hind 
wing semihyaline white; a small black spot on discocellular; a faint 
postmedial line from costa, outcurved below vein 5 to near termen 
and hardly traceable, reappearing as a small spot on submedian fold; 
termen narrowly black, reduced to small spots between veins 2 and 5; 
cilia cream color tipped with white. Fore wing below whitish, the 
costa and termen grayish olive; a black annulus in cell, and quadrate 
spot at end of cell; postmedial line less distinct, only the two hyaline 
spots between veins 8 and 6 apparent. Hind wing below with termi- 
nal markings fainter, the discal spot larger. 

Hapanse.—36 mm. 

Habitat.—Trinidad, Paraguay. 

Type.—Cat. No. 26053 U.S.N.M. 


AZOCHIS ESSEQUEBALIS, new species. 


Female.—Palpi black, basal half below white. Head, body, and 
legs white; a fine black edge to frons laterally and in front; sub- 
dorsal black spots at base of abdomen; two transverse black bands 
medially, with a dorsal spot on preceding segment, and a_ black 
spot on anal segment. Wings thinly scaled, iridescent white, the 
markings black. Fore wing: basal points on costa, in cell, and 
below submedian; subbasal patches on costa, in cell, and below 
submedian; a thick antemedial outcurved line; a medial streak 


68 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 65. 


from costa entering cell, suffusing on subcostal with a thick line 
from costa across discocellular to veins 3 and 4; a thick inbent 
line from vein 5 to inner margin; a thick vertical line from costa to 
vein 5 beyond, with a finer line from its outer edge, outbent and 
gradually expanding to a large spot at tornus; a large marginal 
spot, broad below vein 6 and diminishing to near vein 3; marginal 
black points above and below vein 7; termen narrowly more thickly 
scaled. Hind wing: a fine streak on discocellular; medial clusters 
of scales at veins 5 to 3, before vein 2, and toward inner margin; 
a postmedial line from veins 7-5, then downbent to termen at vein 2; 
a marginal spot between veins 6 and 8, and another from below vein 
6 to vein 4; the termen more thickly scaled; cilia on both wings 
creamy at base, with fuscous scaling at veins. 

Expense.—28 mm. 

Habitat—Rockstone, British Guiana. 

Type.—Cat. No. 25598, U.S.N.M. 


POLYGRAMMODES DUBIALIS, new species. 


Female.—Palpi reddish brown above, white below. Head white. 
Collar white tipped with hazel. Thorax hazel, crossed in front by 
a white shade. Abdomen above hazel; dorsal white points on basal 
segment, large spots on next two segments, then white stripes on 
following segments, interrupted by the hazel segmental lines; lat- 
eral white spots; underneath white. Legs white; fore tarsi banded 
with hazel. Fore wing white, the veins and markings hazel; the 
basal third, except a white line on inner margin, suffused with 
hazel; a white point at middle of cell, and a transverse white spot 
beyond it, crossed by a hazel crescent on its outer edge; traces of an 
antemedial line with a projecting line below cell; discocellular line 
heavy, suffusing with costa, below it a thick line from base of vein 
2 to submedian, and a short line below submedian shghtly inset; 
postmedial somewhat lunular, vertical from costa to vein 5, then 
outset, finer from vein 5 to vein 2; subterminal cross lines on inter- 
spaces, somewhat inangled from vein 5 to inner margin; a fine ter- 
minal line; between veins 5 and 2 the interspaces are faintly tinged 
with yellow. Hind wing white, the veins beyond cell hazel; an ante- 
medial wavy line; postmedial line finer and more irregular; sub- 
terminal line not extending below vein 2. Wings below white, with 
the lines faintly indicated; no suffusions on fore wing, only a small 
round spot in cell, and a large spot on discocellular. 

Expanse.—43 mm. 

Habitat—Hamburgerberg, Brazil. 

Type.—Cat. No. 25605, U.S.N.M. 











! 


SE > 


Ss 





anv. 7. NEW SPECIES OF MOTHS—SCHAUS. 69 
LIOPASIA PURPUREALIS, new species. 


Female.—Palpi fuscous purple tipped with reddish, fringed below 
at base with white. Head dull bister brown with some darker scal- 
ing behind. Collar and patagia fuscous purple, the thorax medially 
dull bister brown. Abdomen above brownish purple, the dorsum 
with two lines of longer hairs; a large dorsal yellow spot near base, 
broadly edged in front with black and two white points. Body below 
and legs white. Fore wing purple; an elongated black spot irrorated 
with some yellow scales at middle of cell, below cell broader and 
inbent towards base on its proximal side, followed on its outer edge 
by some yellow markings; end of cell lilacine with a velvety brown 
irregular spot containing yellow scales; a curved velvety black shade 
on outer edge of discocellular with some yellow scales in front; a 
lilacine shade from cell to termen between veins 3 and 5; a black 
streak on submedian fold from medial shade to near termen with 
some yellow irrorations on it postmedially; a yellow spot from 
above vein 6 to close to termen, widest on costa and crossed by black 
subterminal spots, its outer edge indentate on vein 7; a yellow spot 
at tornus; subterminal black spots with yellow points, except be- 
tween veins 4 and 5, the largest near inner margin; cilia fuscous 
and purple, but white at tornus. Hind wing fuscous brown, the 
cilia mostly tipped with white. Wings below brown black; base of 
costal margins streaked with white; fore wing with white spots at 
apex and tornus. 

Expanse.—37 mm. 

Habitat.—Yahuarmayo, Peru. 

Type.—Cat. No. 25597, U.S.N.M. 


ANARMODIA ARCADIUSALIS, new species. 


Male.—Palpi peach red, the first joint white in front. Head, 
body above, and fore wing ochraceous orange; body underneath pale 
orange yellow; mid and fore tibae, also base of fore tarsi fer- 
ruginous, the tarsi otherwise whitish. Fore wing irrorated with cin- 
namon rufous striae; antemedial line fine, fuscous, oblique from 
costa; a point in cell, and double line on discocellular; postmedial 
line fuscous faintly curved on costa, slightly inbent to inner margin 
followed from vein 6 to inner margin by a broad opalescent shade; 
cilia on inner margin fuscous, on termen crenulate, fuscous, tipped 
with white on interspaces. Hind wing opalescent maize yellow, the 
termen from apex to vein 2 broadly deep chrome, from vein 2 to 
anal angle fuscous; a black point on discocellular; a postmedial 
sinuous fuscous line from vein 6, not reaching inner margin. Wings 
underneath opalescent, the veins and termen broadly yellow ocher, 
the hind wing irrorated with silvery white scales; cellular mark- 


70 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 65. 


ings as above: postmedial line of fore wing finer, seen in trans- 
parency ; postinedial line of hind wing broader. 

Expanse.—50 mm. 

Habitat.—Carabaya, Peru. 

Type.—Cat. No. 26047, U.S.N.M. 

Allied to A. inflevalis Snellen, the fore wing broader, the apex 
acute, not falcate as in inflevalis, which also has the postmedial line 
of hind wing reaching costa. 


ANARMODIA SALVIUSALIS, new species. 


Male.—Palpi peach red, the first joint whitish fringed with capu- 
cine orange. Head, collar, and thorax capucine orange, the latter 
mixed with lght orange yellow. Abdomen above orange yellow, 
underneath ferruginous; all the tibiae with ferruginous streaks, also 
base of fore tarsi, otherwise whitish. Fore wing capucine orange, 
the veins and lines army brown; an antemedial oblique lhne from 
costa to near middle of inner margin connected with postmedial by 
a dark line along inner margin; a minute point in cell and bar on 
discocellular; postmedial fine, well outcurved beyond cell and inbent. 
to near middle of inner margin; cilia crenulate, army brown at base, 
white tipped on interspaces. Hind wing lght orange yellow; a 
dark point on discocellular; a fine purplish postmedial line from 
vein 6 to just below vein 2; cilia brown tipped with white and with 
orange buff spots at veins 2-8. Fore wing below opalescent light 
orange yellow, the costa and termen dark shaded; point in cell larger 
the bar on discocellular well marked. Hind wing below with the 
margins silky pinkish cinnamon, the disk light purplish vinaceous 
with scattered white scales; a faint dark line on discocellular, the 
postmedial line barely visible. 

Expanse.—40 mm. 

Habitat.— Jimenez, West Colombia. 

Type.—Cat. No. 26048, U.S.N.M. 

Somewhat like A. arcadiusalis Schaus, the apex not acute and dis- 
tinguished immediately by the postmedial line outcurved beyond cell. 





ANARMODIA ELONGALIS, new species. 


Male.—Palpi brown fringed with white below on basal half. 
Head and body bister, the collar darker tinged; abdomen with a 
lateral dark line, the venter whitish gray irrorated with black. 
Fore wing pale bister; basal third of costa darker shaded; the termi- 
nal half of costal margin broadly ochreous yellow; faint pale reddish 
brown streaks at base below cell, also in middle and end of cell; 
inner margin finely black; a black point at middle of cell; fine faint 
black lines on either side of discocellular; postmedial line fine, black, 

















ART. 7. NEW SPECIES OF MOTHS—SCHAUS. TL 


with streaks on veins, outcurved below costa, inbent to near middle 
of inner margin, crossing a fuscous shade below vein 6 which ex- 
tends to termen and apex; marginal dark shading on interspaces; 
a terminal dark punctiform line; cilia fuscous with white mottling 
near tornus. Hind wing thinly scaled, grayish, the veins ocher 
yellow; a dark line on discocellular; a postmedial fuscous line with 
black points on veins, very indistinct from vein 2 to inner margin; 
termen darker shaded; cilia white divided by a gray line and with 
fuscous spots at veins. Wings below paler, almost bone color with 
scattered black scales; the fore wings with a black streak on disco- 
cellular. The fore wing of this species is narrower for its length 
than in any other species in the genus. 

Expanse.—40 mm. 

Habitat—Volcan de Santa Maria, Guatemala. 

Type.—Cat. No. 25600, U.S.N.M. 


ANARMODIA MONJEALIS, new species. 


Male.—Palpi hay’s brown, the base in front white. Head and 
collar sorghum brown. Thorax cinnamon drab. Abdomen lght 
cinnamon drab above, underneath thickly irrorated with cinnamon 
drab; a sublateral white line on basal half; legs mostly vinaceous 
brown, the tarsi and hind tibiae white. Fore wing sayal brown, 
faintly iridescent; scales on inner margin white at base; a fine black 
antemedial line outcurved from costa; a black point in middle of 
cell; a small black annulus on discocellular; costa from above 
discocellular to apex narrowly ochraceous buff, crossed by the outer 
punctiform black line which is evenly outcurved from costa to vein 
2, then inbent; fuscous black spots on interspaces beyond line from 
vein 5 to inner margin, generally suffusing between veins 3 and 5; 
cilia mostly black tipped with white. Hind wing thinly scaled 
suffused with iridescent cinnamon drab, darker shaded on termen; 
a fuscous line on discocellular; a fuscous postmedial line with pro- 
jecting short black streaks on veins. Wings below lght buff ir- 
rorated with fuscous; fore wing with a black point in cell, and spot 
on discocellular, outer dark streaks on veins, and dark shading on 
termen from vein 6 to tornus; costa of hind wing whitish, the post- 
medial line lunular dentate from vein 5 to near inner margin; 
both wings with an interrupted marginal line. 

Expanse.—45 mm. 

Habitat—Loja, Ecuador. 

Type.—Cat. No. 26049, U.S.N.M. 

Several specimens received from Mr. Dognin who has a paratype 
in his collection. Near A. bistralis Guence. 


72 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 65. 
ANARMODIA LOJALIS, new species. 


Male.—Palpi pecan brown, the base in front white. Frons pecan 
brown; vertex and collar vinaceous tawny; thorax and abdomen 
above cinnamon drab, underneath whitish, the venter with a few 
dark irrorations; fore and mid tibiae and basal joint of fore tarsi 
cinnamon drab, hind tibiae and tarsi white. Fore wing vinaceous 
tawny; a fine black antemedial line wavily outbent to below cell, 
then downbent to just below vein 1; a black point in cell; a small 
black annulus on discocellular, its proximal side more heavily 
marked; outer line black, punctiform, evenly outcurved to vein 2 
then inbent, linear, followed by fuscous suffusions on interspaces; 
cilia fuscous. Hind wing thickly scaled golden cinnamon buff; 
a black point on discocellular; a postmedial fuscous black line with 
black streaks on veins; termen suffused with fuscous black nar- 
rowing to anal angle; veins terminally orange buff; cilia smoky 
gray tipped with white and with black spots at veins. Fore wing 
below light pinkish cinnamon, the veins whitish: termen darker 
shaded; point in cell, and discocellular spot larger, black; minute 
black outer streaks on veins and a black spot on costa; linear black 
marginal spots on interspaces. Hind wing below whitish, only 
faintly suffused with lhght pinkish cinnamon; fuscous and silvery 
white irrorations scattered over the wing; a black point on discocel- 
lular; the postmedial line lunular dentate; an incomplete black line 
on margin. 

Expanse.—42 mm. 

Habitat—Loja, Ecuador. 

Type—Cat. No. 26050, U.S.N.M. 

A paratype in collection Dognin. 

Closely allied to A. corylalis Guenée and A. longinqualis Lederer. 


ANARMODIA REPANDALIS, new species. 


Male.—Palpi russet, basal half in front white. Body above 
ochraceous tawny, somewhat darker on collar and terminal segments 
of abdomen; a sublateral mars brown line on abdomen; body below 
white; legs and tarsi white, the mid tibiae, upper side of fore tibiae, 
and base of fore tarsi brownish drab. Fore wing ochraceous tawny 
with tawny irrorations, the termen from below vein 7 to inner mar- 
gin broadly natal brown; a fine dark antemedial line, very oblique 
and straight to near middle of inner margin; a dark point in cell and 
curved line on discocellular; postmedial line fine connecting short 
dark streaks on veins, well outcurved beyond cell; a fuscous marginal 
line interrupted by veins; cilia fuscous. Hind wing yellow ocher; 
a dark streak on upper discocellular; a fine black postmedial line 
curved below costa, not quite reaching inner margin; an interrupted 


RE ET et AES 








arr. 7. NEW SPECIES OF MOTHS—SCHAUS. 73 
terminal fuscous black line preceded by smoky suffusions on inter- 
spaces above vein 5; cilia dark tipped with white on anal half. - Fore 
wing below pale ochraceous buff, the terminal area cinnamon drab 
with fuscous black irrorations between veins 3 and 5; point in cell 
and discocellular line more pronounced: marginal line as above. 
Hind wing below whitish irrorated with brownish drab; a short 
black line on upper discocellular; postmedial line punctiform from 
costa to vein 3, then dentate, interrupted on anal fold; irrorations 
forming a broad shade on terminal area; an interrupted terminal 
line. 

Expanse.—40 mm. 

Habitat.—La Union, Carabaya, Peru. 

Type.—Cat. No. 26046, U.S.N.M. 

Received from Paul Dognin who has a paratype in his collection. 

Comes nearest A. remotalis Dognin which has the antemedial line 
curved and the apex more produced. 


MICROCAUSTA DEMERIDALIS, new species. 


Female.—Palpi outwardly black, inwardly white. Head, collar, 
thorax, and fore wing yellow ocher. Abdomen gray with dorsal 
black points. Legs whitish ocher, the fore tibiae and tarsi gray. 
Fore wing: basal third of costa black; a large black spot medially 


_on costa; a black antemedial point below cell with inbent. black 


scaling below it expanding on inner margin; from medial spot i 
fine sinuous line of black scales to inner margin; some black scales 
on discocellular; a remote postmedial black line, thick and vertical 
from costa to vein 5, then fine, dentate, inbent to vein 2 and again 
vertical to inner margin followed by some scattered black scales: 
terminal interspaces streaked with silvery gray; large terminal 
black points on veins; cilia silvery mottled with black hairs. Hind 
wing thinly scaled, smoky gray; cilia mostly white. Wings below 
smoky gray, the fore wing showing faintly a brownish tinge and 
traces of a medial spot and outer line. 

Expanse.—27 min. 

Habitat—Volcan de Santa Maria, Guatemala. 

L'ype.—Cat. No. 25599, U.S.N.M. 


BAEOTARCHA FALLALIS, new species. 


Male—Palpi brown above, white below. Frons grayish brown 
edged with white; vertex whitish. Collar and thorax gray brown. 
Abdomen gray brown with white segmental lines and white anal 
hairs. Legs light brown, tarsi white. Fore wing pale straw color, 
costal margin to above end of cell benzo brown: base of cell, a small 
round spot medially below subcostal, and a large spot at end of cell 


74 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, 65. 


amber brown; a thick antemedial amber brown line, almost vertical, 
crossed by a fine dark streak below ceil and some dark irrorations on 
submedian fold; a postmedial narrower line outbent from costa and 
outcurved beyond cell to vein 2, then slightly inbent to inner margin 
where it is connected with the antemedial line by a fine dark line; 
a fine terminal brown line; cilia white. Hind wing semihyaline 
white; a short postmedial fuscous line from vein 5 to vein 2; small 
terminal spots not extending below vein 2. Fore wing below white 
without dark shading on costa; no antemedial line, only a short 
streak below cell; a dark point in cell and annular spot at end of 
cell; postmedial line thickest at costa. 

Expanse.—21 mm. 

Habitat.—Castro Parana, Brazil. 

Type.—Cat. No. 25595, U.S.N.M. 








Subfamily CRAMBINAE. 


CHILO GILDASELLUS, new species. 





Female——Palpi, head, and body tawny, the patagia dorsally 
fringed with antimony yellow, the abdomen above with similar seg- 
mental lines; abdomen below buff white. Fore wing glossy antimony 
yellow; costal margin fuscous; a tawny streak on subcostal and one 
below median; a black and white point at origin of vein 2, and a 


similar point below it, slightly outset on submedian; some tawny ~ 


scales on discocellular; black and white scaling on veins 4 and 3 near 
cell, also on vein 2, these last extending along vein to near termen; 
small subterminal clusters of similar scales on veins 3 to 5, also clus- 
ters near termen on veins 6 and 7; cilia yellowish white. Hind wing 
white, the termen faintly shaded with grayish yellow; cilia white. 
Fore wing below and costa of hind wing pale clay color. 

Expanse.—31 mm. 

Habitat.—Formosa, Argentina. 

Type.—Cat. No. 26073, U.S.N.M. 

Collected by P. Jorgensen. 




















NOTES ON THE OSTEOLOGY AND DENTITION OF THE 
GENERA DESMOSTYLUS AND CORNWALLIUS. 


By Ouiver P. Hay, 


Associate of the Carnegie Institution, of Washington. 


From Dr. Edward M. Kindle, of the Canada Geological Survey, 
the writer has received for examination a large tooth of Desmostylus, 
which was presented to the Victoria Memorial Museum, at Ottawa, 
by Dr. C. W. Newcombe, of Victoria, British Columbia. It had been 
purchased from a dealer in curiosities and was reported to have been 
brought from Alaska. This report may be true, but it is hardly to be 
depended upon. The tooth no doubt belongs to Desmostylus, but in- 
asmuch as neither the locality nor the formation is known it would 
be unsafe to identify it specifically. It appears to be a left upper 
molar. 

The tooth sent from Victoria (pl. 1, figs. 1,2) had not yet come into 
use, the unabraded summits of its columns showing each the peculiar 
depression and central nipple-like elevation. Only the base of the 
reot is present, and there are indications that it consisted of two 
fangs. The greatest length of the tooth is 61 mm.; the height 57 
mm., including the base of the root. From the edge of the enamel 
to the summit of the columns is 51mm. The thickness, where great- 
est, is 88 mm. The tooth consists of eight columns. Of these, three 
form a front transverse row; then come two rows, each of two 
columns; and at the rear is a single column. The transverse rows 
are oblique to the axis of the tooth, being directed from the outside 
inward and backward, as may be seen by figure 1 cited. 

As will be observed, the intervals between the columns are occu- 
pied by cement, and this is of a lighter color than the surface 
of the enamel. This cement rises from the root to the summit of 
the columns. Below the bases of the second and the third columns 
the cement continues to the center of the base of the root, lying 
evidently in a valley which seems to mark the division of the root 
into two fangs. The front of the tooth presents two tracts of 
cement, one on each side of the median column, and it spreads over 
the front of these anterior columns nearly half way to their sum- 
mits. It is probable that originally a large part of the crown was 





No. 2521I—PrRoOcEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. 65, ART. 8. 
1 


2 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, 65. 


covered with a thin coat of cement. On the inner face of the tooth 
there still adheres a part of the maxiliary bone. So far as the 
writer sees, it is impossible to determine where in the molar series 
this tooth belongs. No surface shows contact with a tooth in front 
or behind. 

The determination of the dentition of Desmostylus is a matter 
of great interest. An examination of Yoshiwara and Iwasaki’s 
figures? shows that there is, in front of their first molar, a small 
tooth consisting of only four columns. In the skull from Oregon, 
which the writer described in 1915,2 there is in front of a molar 
(pl. 57, 23) apparently corresponding to that figured by the Japanese 
authors, and composed of the same number of columns, 8, the base 
of a smaller tooth which was regarded ‘as the first molar (pl. 
57, 22). This supposed first’ molar, instead of being made up of 
eight columns, appears to have only five. The tooth in front of 
this (pl. 57, 21) is represented by the base of the crown and the 
root, and it has a diameter of 17 mm. On plate 58 of the paper 
cited, was presented the figure of a tooth which had four columns 
and which was believed to be the fourth premolar. This appears 
to correspond to the hinder premolar described by Yoshiwara and 
Iwasaki. Now, according to these identifications, the Oregon skull 
differs from the one found in Japan in having between the sup- 
posed last premolar with four columns and the molar with eight 
columns another tooth possessing apparently only five columns. It 
is improbable that the two species differed in such an important 
respect. 

An examination of my figure® shows that the molar indicated by 
23 was emerging behind and above the supposed first molar 22. 
This tooth 22 can hardly be a premolar, for this might be expected 
to appear only after the molar behind it had come into action. One 
might insist also that it is not a milk tooth, because there appears 
to be no premolar to replace it, as shown by Yoshiwara and Iwasaki’s 
figure. Plate 2 of the Japanese authors shows that another molar 
(their M?) was moving downward and forward to take its place 
against the molar then in action—that is, it appears that the upper 
molars, on coming into place, move downward and forward as in 
the mastodons and elephants. 

If, now, we grant that, as the supposed first molar (22) of the 
Oregon specimen became worn down, the next molar (23) moved 
forward, pushed it out, and took its place, the condition seen in 
Yoshiwara and Iwasaki’s specimen would be produced. According 
to this interpretation, the hinder premolar of the paper last cited 


OS See 
1 Journ. Coll. Sci., Japan, Imp. Univ., vol. 16, 1902, pl. 2; pl. 3, fig. 4. 
2 Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 49, p. 381, pl. 57. 
8Tdem, pl. 57. 


soa eneE RE he eo shane BND. 


a es 


eh 





ART. 8. THE GENERA DESMOSTYLUS AND CORNWALLIUS—HAY. 3 


would be the fourth premolar and the tooth immediately behind it 
the second molar, while the molar shown at a distance behind would 
be the third. 

In 19234 the writer proposed the new name Cornwallius, based on 
_ Desmostylus sookensis Cornwall.2 Through Director Francis Ker- 
mode, of the Provincial Museum of Natural History, Victoria, Brit- 
ish Columbia, the writer received for examination both of the teeth 
figured by Cornwall. These teeth are illustrated on the plates (pl. 
1, figs. 4, 5, and pl. 2, figs. 1-5). 

It has occurred to the writer that these teeth may be milk teeth 
of Desmostylus and that the larger one (pl. 1, figs. 1, 2, pl. 2, figs. 
4,5) may correspond to that called in my paper of 1915 the first 
molar. The tooth is of appropriate size. The length is 48.5 mm., 
the width 34mm. The corresponding dimensions of what the writer 
regarded as the first molar ® were estimated to be in length 40 mm., 
and width 28 mm., but the measurements were taken at the somewhat 
narrowed base of the tooth. The low crown of the tooth of C. soo- 
kensis accords with the idea that it is a milk tooth. 

it seems certain that the tooth which in my paper of 1915 (pl. 57) 
was designated by the numeral 27 is either a milk molar or the pre- 
molar which would follow it; also that 1t corresponds in position to 
the tooth Pm of Yoshiwara and Iwasaki’s plate 2, and to the small 
tooth of their plate 3, figure 4. The Oregon skull belonged evi- 
dently to a younger animal than did the Japanese skull. In the 
latter it seems that the premolar, if such it is, had not yet been 
pushed out to the level of the molar behind it. In the Oregon speci- 
men it is possible that the milk tooth 27 had not yet been replaced. 

As already said, the tooth designated 23 was lying immediately 
above the greater part of the tooth 22. The former might, there- 
fore, be taken as fourth premolar. Because of the great size of the 
tooth and the number of its columns, this appears wholly unlikely. 
The tooth 23 must be a molar. 

We may possibly get an explanation of the dentition of Desmo- 
stylus from that of the mastodons. In some of these the premolars are 
retarded in their development, in others even wholly suppressed. 
‘he suppression of premolars began with the hindermost one. The 
same modification of the dentition has been demonstrated in the 
Szrenia. In the earliest members of the group, as Protosiven frassi,' 
the tooth formula was the typical one, 1. 3, c. 1, pm. 4,m. 3. Accord- 
ing to Andrews® the dental formula was the same in Hotherium 
aegypticum. Abel tells us that since the middle Eocene there has 


4Pan-Amer. Geologist, vol. 39, p. 106, text-fig. 4. 

5 Canad. Field-Naturalist, vol. 36, p. 122, 4 figs. 

6 Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 49, pl. 57, 22. 

7 Abel, Jahrb. Min., Geol., Pal., 1906, vol. 2, pp. 50, 51. 
§Cat. Tert. Vert. Fayum, 1906, p. 207. 


4 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 65. ! 


a 


been a progressive reduction of the replacement teeth. In Halithe- 
rium the hindermost premolar was not developed, and the corre- 
sponding milk tooth assumed the form of a molar. 

We may then regard it as possible that the tooth 22 of my plate 
57 is a milk tooth which was assuming the form of a molar, and which 
was not to be displaced by a premolar, but by the first molar. The 
tooth in front of it is then the third premolar, or the corresponding 
milk molar. A deep pit in front of it represents the second pre- 
molar or milk molar, and a minute pit in front of that represents the 
first juvenile tooth. 

As to the tooth on which I based the genus Cornwadllius it is then 
possible that it is the hindermost milk tooth of Desmostylus,; but this 
is for the future to determine. I proceed to give a description of it: 

‘The tooth (pls. 1, 2, figs. 4, 5) has suffered some loss of enamel on 
two columns, as shown by the figures. All of the columns have 
suffered some wear, but that they were of small height originally is 
evident. In two of them the wear had 
not reached the core of dentine. The 
columns taper rapidly from the base 
to the summit. Text figure 1 presents 
a view of this tooth before a fragment 
of the second inner column had been 
cemented in its place. It shows that 
Fic. 1.—Toorn or Cornwatrius the dentine core, broad at its base, 

SOOKENSIS. VIEW FHOM INNER tapers rapidly to its summit, as was 

necessary in a low-crowned tooth. As 
seen from the figures, there are in front two large columns, and be- 
lind these two somewhat smaller ones. At the rear is a column of 
which a part is gone. It appears quite certain that the snag of 
enamel at the right of the gap (pl. 1, fig. 4) formed part of a cusp 
which adhered to the hinder column. Whether it could be counted 
as the sixth column is doubtful. The tooth is taken to belong in 
the right maxilla. 

The length, measured in the axis of the tooth, is 45 mm.; the total 
length 48.5 mm.; the greatest thickness, 34 mm.; the height of the 
crown in front, 23 mm. On the front end there is a cingulum which 
does not occupy the whole width of the tooth. At the inner end of 
this are two small cusps.. Rootward from the edge of this cingulum 
there is a surface 10 mm. long and 4 mm. deep, which is worn from 
contact with a tooth in front. Between the cingulum and the grind- 
ing surface there is on each of the two anterior columns an extensive 
worn surface. No such surface is seen on the hinder end of the 
tooth. The cingulum is not developed on the sides and rear of the 
tooth; but at the outer end of the first transverse valley there is a 
large tubercle, worn at the summit and showing a pit of dentine. At 














ART. 8. THE GENERA DESMOSTYLUS AND CORNWALLIUS—HAY. 5 


the inner end of the same valley is a much smaller tubercle. A single 
tubercle appears at the outer end of the second valley and is closely 
applied against the hindermost column. The rear of this column is 
missing. 

There belonged to this tooth quite certainly two roots, but these 
are broken off (pl. 2, fig. 5). A considerable pulp cavity remains, 
27 mm. long and 15 mm. wide. It is slightly constricted near the 
middle of the length, indicating thus the parting of the roots. 

From Director Kermode was received also the tooth which was 
described and figured in 1917°, as Desmostylus hesperus, and which 
Cornwall, in his paper cited, figured as Desmostylus sookensis. It 
was found in the sandstone cliffs near the mouth of Coal Creek, 
British Columbia, by Miss M. Egerton. It was sent to L. M. Lambe, 
paleontologist in the Geological Survey, Ottawa, whose remarks on 
it are published on the page above cited. Mr. Lambe identified it 
provisionally as the upper right first molar. He did this possibly 
relying on my identification of the first molar in my paper of 1915. 

The length of the tooth (pl. 2, figs. 1-8) is 33 mm.; the width 24 
mm.; the height of the crown, 16 mm. It is somewhat more worn 
than the tooth described in the previous paragraph, but it is evi- 
dent that the columns were originally low. It had two well-devel- 
oped roots (pl. 2, fig. 3) of equal size. These are now broken off 
squarely just below the crown. The transverse diameters of these 
roots are close to 18 mm. At the plane of fracture they are not en- 
tirely separated from each other. The tooth is supposed to belong 
to the left side of the lower jaw, because the cingulum is better de- 
veloped on the left side of the tooth. It consists of six columns 
arranged in three transverse pairs. Of the anterior pair the inner 
column is the largest of all. The inner column of the third pair is 
very small and the wear had not exposed the dentine. Cornwall, 
perhaps correctly, did not count it as one of the columns. On the 
front of the tooth, in the midline, is a broad tubercle which may be 
regarded as a talon or a part of a cingulum. On the outer face 
there is a slight cingulum-like ridge at the bases of the two front 
columns. Between the second and third columns is a tubercle or cusp. 
On the inner face there is little or no trace of the cingulum. On 
the front end of this tooth there is an extensive surface polished by 
contact with a tooth in front. This begins at the level of the grind- 
ing surface and descends not only to the talon, but in a narrowing 
strip nearly to the base of the crown. Above the talon the polished 
surface is 15 mm. wide from side to side. A small polished surface 
is found on the hinder end of the tooth. 


® Rep. Provincial Mus. Nat. Hist., Victoria, B C., for 1916, p. 42, pl. 9, figs. 2, 3. 


6 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 65. 


This tooth does not agree in structure with any yet described. It 
most resembles the teeth described by Yoshiwara and Iwasaki’ as 
lower second premolars. In those teeth, however, there are three 
columns in the hinder transverse row. 

There are some reasons why the larger of the two teeth referred to 
Cornwallius sookensis can not be regarded as identical with the 
tooth 23 of the Oregon specimen. These are as follows: 

(1) The outer border of the Oregon tooth is straight; in the Vic- 
tcria tooth this border is strongly curved. (2) The transverse rows 
of columns in the Oregon tooth appear to be arranged more obliquely 
to the long axis of the tooth than in that from Victoria. (3) The 
hinder end of the Victoria tooth is considerably broader than in the 
one from Oregon. 

Until some lucky discovery shall decide the matter one way or 
the other, the writer proposes to maintain the genus Cornwallius 
and to regard the larger of the two teeth (pls. 1, 2, figs. 4,5) as an 
upper molar, and the smaller one (pl. 2, figs. 1-3) as a lower molar, 
not the hindermost. The larger tooth is taken as the special type of 
Cornwallius sookensis. 

The cliffs in the vicinity of Sooke, Vancouver Island, ought to be 
carefully and frequently searched for additional materials of this 
sirenian. 

In their description of the skull of Desmostylus Yoshiwara and 
Iwasaki attribute to Desmostylus two pairs of lower tusks and one 
pair of upper ones. The lower tusks projected some distance from 
the jaw. The upper tusks were said not to have yet come into 
full growth, only the left tooth being slightly visible beneath the 
ruptured surface of the maxilla. Their figure? shows what was 
seen of this tusk. 

In my description of Desmostylus from Oregon I referred to what 
seemed to be an upper tusk. Although this was said” to show 
only on the right side, there is on each side a projection at the 
front of the specimen which represents the same structure. As 
shown by my figures, a fragment of the snout about 30 mm. long had 
been broken off in exhuming the skull and had later been cemented 
in its place. Recently, wishing to come to a decision regarding this 
supposed tusk, the writer removed the fragment and cleaned off 
both surfaces of the break. The view presented was not satisfac- 
tory. The circumference of the supposed tusk could not be traced 
on the side next the mid-line. Next, the matrix was ground down 
and polished to see whether any structure was hidden. What was 
revealed is shown in figure 3 of plate 1. On each side there ap- 


0 Pl. 3, figs. 2 and 3. . 
11 Journ. Coll. Sci., Japan. Imp. Univ., vol. 16, 1902, pl. 1, Up I. 
Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 44, p. 391. 








ART. 8. THE GENERA DESMOSTYLUS AND CORN WALLIUS—HAY. 7 


peared a number of cell-like spaces separated by thin walls of bone. 
It is evident that we have here a section across the right and left 
maxilloturbinal bones. There is no trace whatever of any upper 
tusk. 

The writer is led, therefore, to question the existence of an upper 
tusk in the Japanese specimen. What the describers very naturally 
took to be a tusk may be only the sandstone cast of one side of the 
nasal cavity. Over the surface of the cast naturally adhered some 
flakes of bone. Had a section been made across this region, the 
maxilloturbinal would probably have been discovered. The for- 
merly supposed tusk of the Oregon specimen where it projects in 
front has the appearance of the end of a turbinal bone. In this 
specimen the bone seems to end a little behind the middle of the 
length of the nasal opening. Although in the Japanese specimen 
the supposed tusk is shown as continuing nearly to the front of the 





I'ig. 2.—SIDE VIEW OF SKULL OF DESMOSTYLUS HESPERUS. Fr, FRONYAL: Ju, 
JUGAL; La, LACHRYMAL}; Pda, PARIETAL; Mav, MAXILLA; Na, NASAL; Prox, PRE- 
MAXILLA; Sq, SQUAMOSAL, 


nasal opening, it is possible that only the rounded surface of the 
matrix was seen. 

Recently +8 in the discussion of the position and connections of 
the jugal bone in Desmostylus, the writer published a figure illus- 
trating the right side of the skull of the Oregon specimen. Through 
inadvertence the lower branch of the hinder end of the frontal bone 
was represented as cut off by a suture and was lettered os. This 
figure is here reproduced (text fig. 2) with the necessary correction. 
It will be seen that the jugal terminates at about the middle of 
the lower border of the zygomatic process of the squamosal. 

In his paper of 1923 just cited the writer proposed to divide the 
Sirenia into two suborders, Desmostyliformes and Trichechiformes. 
Some of the characters of the Demostyliformes may be expressed as 
follows: 

Postorbital part of the skull broad and depressed. Preorbital 
part narrowed and moderately decurved. Temporal ridges feebly 





13 Pan-Amer. Geologist, vol. 39, p. 108, text fig. 5. 
45554—25—-Proe.N.M.vol.65——11 


8 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 65. 


developed. External nares far in front of the orbits. Nasal bones 
well developed, embraced by the premaxillae. Periotic bones tightly 
wedged among the adjacent bones. Grinding teeth composed of 
closely adhering columns, usually hypsodont. Enamel very thick. 
Two pairs of tusks in lower jaw; none in upper jaw. Genera 
Desmostylus and Cornwallius. 


EXPLANATION OF PLATES. 
PLATE 1. 


Fies. 1-8. Desmostylus. Teeth and part of skull. X1. 

1. Upper left molar of undetermined species of Desmostylus. Showing 
unworn grinding surface. On the left is a patch of the maxilla, ma. 
Between the columns of the teeth is seen the cement. Front end 
upward. 

2. View of same tooth showing the outer face. Front end toward the 
left. Between the columns are seen the tracts of cement. At the 
bottom of the figure the layer of cement passes between the bases 
of two fangs of the root. 

3. Section across the snout of Desmostylus hesperus. Showing sections 
across maxilloturbinal bones. 

4. Supposed upper molar of Cornwallius sookensis. Showing grinding 
surface. Type. Front end upward. 

5. Same molar showing the outer face. Front of tooth toward the left. 


PLATE 2. 


Fics. 1-5. Teeth of Cornwallius sookensis (Cornwall). X1. 

1. Supposed left lower molar. Showing grinding surface. Front end 
upwards. 

2. View of same tooth. Showing outer face. Front end toward left. 

8. View of same tooth, showing a section of fracture across the base of 
the root. Surrounding all is the enamel (e) of the crown. Inside of 
this is seen the blackened dentine (d@). In the center of each fang is 
seen the matrix filling the pulp cavity (p. ¢.). Front end upward. 

4. View of supposed upper molar. Showing the inner face. Front end 

toward right. 

. View of same molar. Showing, around all, the base of the enamel e. 
Within this is the blackened layer of dentine, d. Within this is 
seen the yet large pulp cavity, pe. The front part of this is in a 
deep shadow. Front end upward. 


oO 





PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 65, ART. 8 PL. | 


DESMOSTYLUS AND CORNWALLIUS 
FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 8 





U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 














U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 65, ART. 8 PL. 2 








TEETH OF CORNWALLIUS 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 8 








A REVISION OF THE WEST INDIAN COLEOPTERA OF 
THE FAMILY BUPRESTIDAE 


By Warren S. FIsHEer 


Of the Bureau of Entomology, United States Department of Agriculture 


INTRODUCTION 


The present paper is the results of a study of the material of this 
family from the West Indies found in the collection of the United 
States National Museum, together with such material as could be 
borrowed from other sources. Specimens have been received at 
various times for identification, but since the material in the col- 
lection was mostly unidentified, the descriptions widely scattered, 
and the species of the family from that region having never been 
treated in a synoptical way, it seemed advisable to bring together as 
much material from other sources as possible, so that the subject 
could be treated in a more exhaustive manner, which would facili- 
tate the identification of material by future students. 

Three-fourths of the number of species of Buprestidae hitherto 
known to inhabit the West Indies have been studied by the writer 
in the preparation of this paper, the 21 species not seen by him, so 
for as known, are represented mostly by unique types which were 
not available for study. The adults of this family, although abund- 
ant in nature, are so agile that their capture by collectors are not 
frequent and the fauna here treated appears to have been greatly 
neglected, but by assembling material from a number of Museums 
and private collections, a fairly good representation has been 
brought together, so that in addition to the 80 species previously 
known, one new genus, and 26 more species are described as new. 

The Buprestidae of the West Indies have been treated by a number 
of authors in a general way. Jacquelin Duval was the first of these 
authors to consider this family from that regien? (published in 
French and reissued the same year in a Spanish edition), and records 
five genera and 12 species, 4 of which are described as new. Auguste 


1Ramon de la Sagra’s Histoire physique, politique et naturelle de Vile de Cuba, 1857, 
pp. 56-65. 





No. 2522.—PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. 65, ART. 9. 
1 


2 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 65 


Chevrolat in his Coléoptéres de Vile de Cuba? records 16 genera 
and 30 species from material in the collections of Gundlach, 
Poey, and Chevrolat, of which 11 are described as new. Dr. A. 
Stahl * lists two species, one each of the genus Buprestis and Chryso- 
bothris from Porto Rico. Ed. Fleutiaux and A. Sallé published a 
List des Coléoptéres de la Guadeloupe * in which they record 9 genera 
and 14 species from Guadeloupe, one of which is described as new. 
Dr. Juan Gundlach ® records the same number of genera and species 
from Cuba as Chevrolat, without describing any new species, but 
giving more definite localities for the species. The same author, in 
La Fauna Puerto Riquefia,® lists 2 genera and 4 species from Porto 
Rico. Charles W. Leng and Andrew Mutchler, in A Preliminary 
List of the Coleoptera of the West Indies as Recorded to January 
1, 1914," list 24 genera and 66 species from that region, which are 
decreased by synonymy in their supplement to the above paper ® 
to 64 species. 

In the present paper are included 29 genera and 107 species. 

The term West Indies as used in the present paper includes the 
islands lying in the Caribbean Sea and Gulf of Mexico and may be 
divided into four groups. First the Bahamas, which consist of about 
700 small islands, composed mostly of low lying heaps of calcareous 
shell and coral debris deposited on a submarine plateau of vast 
area, forming a submerged link with the mainland of Florida; second 
the Greater Antilles, including Cuba, Jamaica, Haiti, Porto Rico, 
and the Virgin Islands, of these Haiti is the center and summit of the 
Antillean Range, and from Mount Tina, which is 10,000 feet above 
the sea level, the Antilles slope gently down to western Cuba and 
Jamaica, and to the Virgin Islands on the east; third the Lesser 
Antilles, consisting of a large number of small islands lying in two 
rows, an outer row of limestone and coral inlets and an inner row of 
volcanic formation; and fourth a number of islands lying along 
the northern coast of South America, of which Trinidad and Tobago 
are the most important, and which in a remote period were severed 
from the continent by the wearing of the equatorial currents. These 
islands, with the exception of those along the northern coast of South 
America, are supposed to be of more recent formation than the 
portions of the adjacent continents. The Greater Antilles during 
the Tertiary period are supposed to have been a series of active vol- 


2 Ann. Soc. Ent. France, ser. 4, vol. 7, 1867, pp. 571-616. 

*Fauna de Puerto Rico, 1882, p. 171. 

‘Ann. Soc. Ent. France, ser. 6, vol. 9, 1889 (published in 1890), pp. 425-484. 

§ Contribucion & la Entomologia Cubana, vol. 3, pt. 5, 1891. (Issued in sheets with the 
Anales R. Acad. Cien Havana.) 

5 Ann. Soc. Espa. Hist. Nat., ser. 2, vol. 2z, 1894, p. 623. 

T Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., vol. 33, 1914, pp. 429-431. 

3 Idem, vol. 37, 1917, p. 205. 





} 
\ 





arr. 9 WEST INDIAN BUPRESTIDAE—FISHER 3 


canoes, attaining a considerably higher elevation than at present and 
forming a single large island. 

The climate of these islands varies according to the elevation, 
latitude, and to some extent by the degree to which they are exposed 
to the influence of the trade winds and warm ocean currents, but as 
a rule it is purely tropical. These conditions offer a bewildering 
variety of tropical fauna, but whose distribution is by no means 
uniform. The low lying Bahamas provide little support for vege- 
tation and some are almost barren. 

Researches by Charles Simpson® and those of John Small? 7 
have shown a close affinity between the fauna of the extreme southern 
part of Florida, the Florida Keys, and some of the Antilles, just as 
the fauna of the islands along the northern coast of South America 
is allied to that of the coast with which they were once connected. 
In the Greater Antilles the forests are tropical, in some parts con- 
sisting of various species of palms, mahogany, tree ferns, and various 
trees furnishing edible fruits, while on the upper slopes the fauna 
becomes more characteristic of the temperate zone, and up to an 
elevation of 4,000 feet are often clothed with pines; farther up, with 
increased precipitation, rank growth of deciduous trees appear, while 
the summits are thickly overgrown with ferns. 

Since the species are more or less limited in their distribution to 
certain islands, and on account of the great variety of plants and 
variation in the temperature, the family Buprestidae from this region 
should be exceedingly rich in species. Very little collecting has been 
done, especially in the mountainous sections, where are to be expected 
a number of new forms. This is especially true of the smaller species, 
which are mostly leaf and twig miners, and since these forms have 
been practically neglected by collectors, the number of species will 
be largely increased by careful collecting. 

As the descriptions of the species are widely scattered throughout 
various publications, some of which are not available to most stu- 
dents, each species is herein redescribed from specimens which are 
as nearly typical as is possible for the writer to determine from the 
descriptions. Where specimens of a species are not available for 
study, a translation of the original description is given. 

No attempt has been made to give a complete bibliography; only 
the more important papers and those which apply to the region cov- 
ered by the present paper have been cited. References to the species 
listed in the Leng and Mutchler Catalogue, which has been of the 
greatest aid to the writer, have not been cited under the species. The 
collector’s name, when known, is given in parenthesis after the local- 


® Lower Florida Wilds, 1920. 
10Wlora of Miami, Florida, 1913. 
4 Journ. New York Botanical Garden, 1916, 1917, and 1918. 


4 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 65 { 


ity record, and the collections in which the various species are 
located are also indicated. 

The writer greatly appreciates the loan of material during his 
study of this family and wishes to thank the following entomologists 
for their assistance: Nathan Banks, Museuin of Comparative Zool- 
ogy, Cambridge, Mass., for a collection made by Dr. W. M. Mann in 
Haiti; Dr. Henry Skinner, for a collection from the Academy of 
Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, containing the Poey collection 
from Cuba; Dr. W. J. Holland, for material from his private collec- 
tion, as well as for the loan of material from the Carnegie Museum 
of Pittsburgh, collected on the Isle of Pines and Jamaica; Prof. 
H. F. Wickham, University of Iowa, for material from the Bahamas 
and Haiti; and George N. Wolcott, of the Insular Experiment 
Station, Rio Piedras, Porto Rico, for material collected in Porto 
Rico. G. B. Merrill, Gainesville, Florida; E. G. Smyth, Bureau 
of Entomology, United States Department of Agriculture; and 
Frank B. Mason, Philadelphia, have also furnished valuable addi- 
tions to the material studied. Stephen C. Bruner, chief of the 
Department of Entomology and Vegetable Pathology, Estacion Ex- 
perimental agronomica, Santiago de las Vegas, Cuba, has sent an 
interesting collection taken in Cuba, and has also examined the 
material in the Gundlach Museum at Habana and furnished the 
writer with a list of the species contained in that collection. The 
writer is under great obligations to Dr. F. E. Lutz and A. J. 
Mutchler for the loan of a valuable collection from the American 
Museum of Natural History, including collections made by the ex- 
peditions conducted by that museum to the various islands in the 
West Indies, and also those made by the New York Academy of Sci- 
ences in conjunction with the museum, as well as other material col- 
lected by private individuals and sent to that museum for identifica- 
tion. I am especially indebted to Dr. Charles J. Gahan for the 
loan of material from the British Museum. ‘This collection con- 
tained many species which had been compared with the types of 
Thompson, Gory, Chevrolat, ete., by the late Charles O. Waterhouse, 
and has been of the greatest help in my studies. 

The writer desires to express his deep appreciation and sincere 
gratitude to Dr. E. A. Schwarz, of the United States National 
Museum, for the many helpful suggestions during the course of the 
work, for his kind and valuable criticism, and for aiding generally 
in every possible way in the preparation of this paper. 


CLASSIFICATION 


The family of Coleoptera treated in the present paper has been 
a great favorite with collectors on account of the large size and 











ART. 9 WEST INDIAN BUPRESTIDAE—FISHER 5 


splendid color of many of the species which compose it. The species 
are generally elongate and more or less cylindrical, although some 
are very robust and appear ungraceful in form, but this is compen- 
sated by the incomparable richness of their colors and markings, 
and for this reason they have been named “ Richards” by some of 
the older authors. The larvae are variable in form, and live in both 
living and dead plants, and the adults are found feeding on the 
flowers and foliage of various plants, or sunning themselves on the 
trunks of trees during the warmer part of the day. 

The genera as defined in the following paper may be tabulated 
as follows: 

KEY TO THE GENERA 


1. Sternal cavity formed entirely by the mesosternum (tribe Polycestini)_ 2. 
Sternal cavity formed by the mesosternum and metasternum, or entirely 


byathesmetasternum Le 32. 2 ae he eile ed aseh i ebly rte torent Bs 

2. Scutellum visible; tarsal claws simple_.___-_____________ Polycesta Solier. 
Scutellum invisible; tarsal claws dentate________ Acmaeodera Hschscholtz. 

3. Sternal cavity formed by the mesosternum and metasternum; lateral 
branehes of the metasternum elongate_________-_________ 4, 


Sternal cavity formed nearly or entirely by the metasternum lateral 
branches of the metasternum very short and compressed on the sides 


ORMUNISIDI Grats ee cess ee ee ea ee card bev bb age ay oe 

4, Antennal pores diffused upon both sides of the serrate joints (tribe Chal- 
cophorin)i SOrtatiie Srly iets ar ee aie iar Quit oi an ron! a Sirti dD. 
Antennal pores concentrated in a pit on the serrate joints____________ iets 

5. First joint of posterior tarsi short, only a little longer than the second 
CO EE Leese we ae a ee a a i ee ake del 6. 
First joint of posterior tarsi long, as long, or nearly as long as the fol- 
LOWINESAGW Om] ONES) UD Led 2 Se gee ee th 

6. Prosternal process longitudinally grooved________________ Psiloptera Solier. 
Prosternal process not longitudinally grooved____________ Euchroma Solier. 
fharsiamoredor lessadepressed..=- 2-2. 2 ee ee ee 8. 
Tarsi laterally compressed_____________ ~+ Pelecopselaphus Solier. 

8. Pronotum with a longitudinal median groove or carina_____________~ 9. 


Pronotum without a logitudinal median groove or carina. 
Chrysesthes Solier. 
9. Hind margin of posterior coxae strongly dentate between two emargina- 


ETO TL SSSR BOI ENS Od EPR RED EO EER EON EY PETE Hilarotes Thomson, 
Hind margin of posterior coxae normal, not dentate__________________ 10. 
10. Prosternal process longitudinally grooyed_____________ Chalcophora Solier. 


Prosternal process not longitudinally grooved_ Halecia Castelnau and Gory. 
11. Front of head narrowed by the insertion of the antennae (tribe Chryso- 


DO EOI) ae PON: AIT. Oy Eee eee BEAL ae C4 RT EE noe 
Front of head not narrowed by the insertion of the antennae (tribe Bupres- 
CAA PEO cere SOY fee OC ent epee dees pM eer te Es 13. 

12. Third tarsal joint armed with two long spines______ Actenodes Lacordaire. 
Thirditarsal jointiunarmed_20 21 <2 _teit7 2s Chrysobothris Eschscholtz. 

13. Metasternal epimeron entirely uncovered___._—.. —-__-___-___________ 14, 


Metasternal epimeron partially concealed by the lateral prolongation of 
CHET ADCOMENASS A esa AM LATS? eA OATEAARL! So eR R RIES CUFT EY DS BETS. 19. 


14. 


15. 


16. 


17. 


18. 


23. 


24. 


25. 


26. 


28. 


PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 65 
Hyes oblique and distinctly converging above______________-____--____ 15. 
Byes parallel or only feebly converging above_________________-____-___ 17. 
First joint of posterior tarsi longer than the second____________--_-____ 16. 


First joint of posterior tarsi not longer than the second. 
Dicerca Eschscholtz. 
Pronotum wider in front than behind; body subcylindrical. 
Paracinyra Tl isher. 
Pronotum narrower in front than behind; body not subcylindrical. 
Cinyra Castelnau and Gory. 
Pronotum with three more or less deep depressions at the base________ 18. 
Pronotum without three depressions at base, sometimes longitudinally sul- 
Catena tf? Thebanidal le Sa eeet eg SE MEAS a ah eee ee Buprestis Linnaeus 
Pronotum wider in front than behind ___________ Mixochlorus Waterhouse, 
Pronotum narrower in front than behind_________ Peronaemis Waterhouse. 


. Antennal cavities concealed by a transversely oblique carina. 


Aglaostola Thomson. 


Antennal cavities small, rounded, and not concealed by a carina________ 20. 

; Pronotum distinctly sinuate-at base. eee ee a Zl: 
Pronotum truncate or only feebly sinuate at base____ Anthaxia Hschscholtz, 

. Elytra long, covering the abdomen_______________ Melanophila Eschscholtz, 
Elytra short, not covering the abdomen________ Tetragonoschema Thomson. 

. Sternal cavity formed almost entirely by the metasternum; base of pro- 
notum more or less sinuate (tribe Agrilini) _.______________________ 23. 
Sternal cavity formed entirely by the metasternum; base of pronotum trun- 
eate- (tribe: Mastogenini) = a ee ee enya es 28. 
Middle coxae more widely separated than the anterior ones_____________ 24. 
Middle coxae not more widely separated than the anterior ones______..__ Zhe 
Antennae lodged in a distinct deep groove in the prosternum___________ DoE 


Antennae free in repose, not lodged in a groove in the prosternum. 
Trachys Fabricius. 
Prosternal process deeply longitudinally grooved; legs lodged in depres- 


Signs beneath. = sas = ee es ee eee ee ee Brachys Solier. 
Prosternal process not longitudinally grooved; legs free________________ 26. 
Prosternal process strongly constricted by the anterior coxal cavities; ag- 

pilifonm..5 5 es 8d Leer gael Taphrocerus Solier. 
Prosternal process not constricted by the anterior coxal cavities; form ob- 

long: or OVvalagarsck is sepa potas tarsi fyerhionn Leiopleura H. Deyrolle. 

. Femora serrate on inner margin____-________ Paradomorphus Waterhouse. 
Femora:notzserrate on inner margin=_-—-- -! 2." Agrilus Curtis. 
yes parallelesectesk. Baas wes oh cobs ew yiciey tape ee Micrasta Kerremans. 
Hyes feebly oblique, slightly converging behind________ Mastogenius Solier. 


Genus POLYCESTA Solier 


Polycesta Souter, Ann. Soe. Ent. France, ser. 1, vol. 2, 1833, pp. 281-282, pl. 
11, fig. 11.—CastTeELNAU and Gory, Mon. Bupr., vol. 2, 18387, pp. 1-6, 
pl. 1—lLacorpDAtre, Gen. Col., vol. 4, 1857, pp. 62-63.—KERREMANS, 
Wytsman’s Gen. Insectorum, fasc. 12, pt. 1, 1902, pp. 25-26; Mon. Bupr., 
vol. 1, 1806, pp. 469-522, pls. 9-10. 

Nemaphorus Souter, Gay’s Hist. Nat. Chile, Zool., vol. 4, 1851, pp. 490-491. 


Head flat; epistoma very short, and sinuate or truncate in front; 


antennal cavities small, rounded, entirely closed in front, and sur- 











ART. 9 WEST INDIAN BUPRESTIDAE—FISHER 4 


rounded posteriorly by an elevated carina. Antennae rather long, 
first joint moderately clavate at apex, second obconical, third 
elongate and subcylindrical, fourth elongate and feebly clavate, 
fifth to eleventh more or less serrate and each joint armed with a 
terminal poriferous fovea, the joints becoming gradually shorter 
from the fifth to eleventh joint, the latter somewhat rounded at the 
apex. Eyes moderately large, narrowly elongate, elliptical, feebly 
convex, and slightly converging above. Pronotum strongly trans- 
verse, more or less angulated on the sides; base bisinuate and fitting 
closely to the elytra; surface often concave or longitudinally sulcate 
at the middle. Scutellum small and variable in shape. Elytra 
variable, short or moderately long, the sides usually sinuate in front, 
attenuate posteriorly, with the sides more or less serrate toward the 
apex. Sternal cavity formed entirely by the mesosternum, which is 
deeply emarginate in front, the lateral branches broad and diverg- 
ing. Prosternum wide, flat or feebly convex, the anterior margin 
sinuate or feebly lobed on each side. Posterior coxae narrow and 
feebly dilated internally, the anterior margin transverse and rather 
strongly sinuate; posterior margin strongly, broadly arcuately emar- 
ginate. Abdomen with the suture between the first and second seg- 
ments sinuate and not parallel with the other segments. Legs 
moderately long; femora subfusiform and flattened; tibiae cylin- 
drical; tarsi compressed and feebly developed, first joint moderately 
elongate, second and third triangular and about equal in length, 
fourth wider, more elongate, and strongly triangular, fifth elongate 
and obconical; tarsal claws simple. Body robust, oblong, more or 
less elongate, and attenuate in front and behind. 

This genus contains about 30 described species, which are all found 
in the Neotropical region, with the exception of one species from 
China and four from Africa. This paper includes 13 species, one 
of which is described as new, all having been recorded from the 
West Indies. 

The species of the genus resemble each other very closely, and 
considerable confusion has been caused by the erroneous identifica- 
tions of some of the older species by various authors. The species 
are not very well represented in collections, and until more speci- 
mens from exact localities are available for study, much doubt must 
still be attached to the names of several species. 

My studies of this genus has been made possible through the kind- 
ness of Dr. C. J. Gahan, of the British Museum, in loaning me a 
series of species, a number of which had been compared with the 
types of Linnaeus, Thomson, Gory, etc., by the late C. O. Waterhouse. 

45554—25— Proe.N.M.vol.65 12 





10. 


Lt 


12. 


PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 65 


KEY TO THE SPECIES 


. Elytra with longitudinal costae between the rows of coarse punctures__ 2 


Elytra without longitudinal costae, but with rows of fine punctures; color 
shining cyaneo-viridis, with purple reflections. (Jamaica) 
cyanipes (Fabricius). 


. Pronotum with two large opaque impunctate spots on the disk. (Cuba) 


cubae Chevrolat. 
Pronotum without opaque impunctate spots__________________-_________ 3 


. Elytra with distinct scutellar costae, more or less abbreviated between the 


suture’ and first ‘discal costae 2s. tee ets eee, eae 4. 
Elytra without, or with only feebly indicated scutellar costae_______--~ 9. 


. Each elytron with four or five distinct smooth longitudinal costae, not 


includine the: seutellar tone) 252220 ee eee 5. 
Each elytron with two or three distinct smooth longitudinal costae, not 
including; the Scutellar ones —s-e eae EE ee ee 8. 


. Elytral costae more distinctly elevated than the intermediate reliefs. (Ba- 


hamass Cuba )wetieasla sprees igre seeh 4 peso. | pee aot aie goryi Saunders. 
Elytral costae hardly more distinctly elevated than the intermediate reliefs; 
the costae and reliefs nearly equally distinct-___--_-_____________-__- 6. 


. Elytra black, sometimes with a bluish or purplish tinge-_____________- he 


Elytra rusty brown, with the lateral margins and costae black. (Santo Do- 
mingo'or Dominica) 24 «42ers see regularis Waterhouse. 


. Elytra black, the punctures subelongate and rather irregularly placed. 


( Cette) A ee chevrolati Thomson. 
Elytra black, with a bluish or purplish tinge, the punctures subrectangular 
and more regularly placed. (Jamaica) —----------- perfecta Kerremans, 


. Pronotum angulated on the sides, feebly impressed at middle and with the 


posterior angles fitting closely to the elytra; above green, the elytra fer- 
rugineous, with a greenish or aeneous tinge along suture; beneath cyaneo- 
WiTidiss (Jamaica) 4--—- =f. 22 fe a gossei Waterhouse. 
Pronotum broadly rounded on the sides, with a large deep median depression, 
and the posterior angles widely separated from the elytra; above black 
with a cupreous tinge, the elytra ferrugineous with an aeneous tinge along 


suture; beneath aeneo-purpureous. (Bahamas) —~-------_- manni Fisher. 
Elytra with the scutellar costae feebly indicated______________-_---__- 10. 
Elytra with the scutellar costae entirely absent__________-____-_---___ 11. 


Form broad and robust, about two and one-fifth times as long as wide; pros- 
ternum coarsely, sparsely punctured. (Santo Domingo.) 
poreata (Fabricius). 
Form more narrow and elongate, about two and two-thirds times as long as 
wide; prosternum finely and densely punctured. (Cuba.) 
angulosa Jacquelin Duval. 
Elytral costae more distinctly elevated than the intermediate reliefs___ 12. 
Elytral costae hardly more distinctly elevated than the intermediate reliefs, 
the costae and reliefs almost equally distinct. (Jamaica.) 
olivieri Waterhouse. 
Form broad and robust, about two and one-fifth times as long as wide; 
elytral punctures very coarse and deep. (Santa Lucia. Guadeloupe.) 
depressa (Linnaeus). 
Form more narrow and elongate, about two and two-thirds times as long as 
wide; elytral punctures finer. (St. Thomas) ------~-- thomae Chevrolat. 





ART, 9 WEST INDIAN BUPRESTIDAE—FISHER 9 


POLYCESTA CYANIPES (Fabricius) 


Buprestis cyanipes Fasrictus, Mant. Ins., vol. 1, 1787, p. 178 

Polycesta cyanipes WATERHOUSE, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7, vol. 14, 
1904, p. 254.—KrrrEMANS, Mon. Bupr., vol. 1, 1906, pp. 474-475, pl. 9, 
fig. 5. 

Polycesta resplendens THomson, Typ. Bupr., 1878, p. 45. 

Polycesta jamaicensis WHITE MSS. 

Female.—Oblong, broadly rounded in front, slightly more atten- 
tate posteriorly and feebly convex above; color above green, some- 
times the sides and suture aeneo-cupreous, and usually with a strong 
violaceous tinge when viewed in certain lights; beneath of the same 
color as above. 

Head flat, with an obsolete depression on the front and a feeble, 
narrow longitudinal groove on the occiput; surface somewhat rugose, 
coarsely, deeply, and rather densely punctate, the punctures variable 
in size and irregularly placed, forming irregular, broadly rounded 
intervals on the front, which are smooth, shining, and glabrous; 
epistoma truncate or obsoletely arcuately emarginate in front. Pro- 
notum strongly transverse, nearly two times as wide as long. dis- 
tinctly narrower in front than behind, widest at the middle; sides 
obliquely arcuately expanded to the middle, where they are broadly 
rounded to the basal fifth, then parallel to the posterior angles, which 
are rectangular (in some specimens the sides are obliquely attenuate 
from the middle to the posterior angles); anterior margin deeply 
arcuately emarginate, with a distinct, broadly rounded median lobe; 
base truncate or feebly bisinuate; disk feebly flattened, with a broad 
obsolete depression extending over the entire median part, the de- 
pression very shallow and with a feeble longitudinal median sulcus, 
which is more deeply impressed on the basal half; surface declivous 
on the sides toward apical angles and with a narrow groove along 
the anterior margin, and sometimes with an obsolete one along the 
base, coarsely, rather densely, but not deeply punctate, the punc- 
tures finer and more remotely separated on the disk, but becoming 
deeper, coarser, and somewhat confluent at the sides, the intervals 
smooth and glabrous. Scutellum quadrate or oblong, and slightly 
wider behind than in front. Elytra feebly flattened above, declivous 
at the sides, and equal in width to the pronotum at base; humeral 
angles rectangular; sides nearly parallel to the apical third, then 
arcuately attenuate to the tips, which are conjointly broadly rounded ; 
lateral margins strongly and coarsely serrate near apex; surface 
without distinct costae, but with punctured striae, which are feebly 
impressed, with the punctures fine and irregularly placed; intervals 
smooth, irregular in width, obsoletely rugose posteriorly, and with 
a few obsolete punctures; sutural margins elevated posteriorly; hu- 
meri obsoletely developed. Abdomen beneath coarsely, rather densely, 


10 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 65 
and irregularly punctate, the punctures variable in size, open poste- 
riorly, and from the middle of each arises a short recumbent hair, the 
intervals finely and densely granulose; first segment abruptly convex 
at middle; last segment rather acutely rounded at apex. Prosternum 
strongly convex, the surface, coarsely and irregularly punctate, 
sparsely clothed with a few short semi-erect hairs and the intervals 
finely and obsoletely granulose; anterior margin with a broadly 
rounded median lobe, which is feebly arcuately emarginate in front; 
prosternal process short, broad, and with a short marginal groove 
on each side, the sides nearly parallel to the middle of the anterior 
coxal cavities, where they are emarginate and abruptly narrowed to 
near the apex, which is very broadly rounded. 

Male.—Not seen. 

Length, 17-25 mm.; width, 5.5-8 mm. 

This species was originally described by Fabricius from a speci- 
men from South America in the Hunter collection. Thomson (1878) 
redescribed the same species under the name vesplendens from a 
questionable locality, probably Surinam or Brazil. Waterhouse 
(1904) examined the type of this species in the Hunter collection at 
the University of Glasgow, and also the type of vesplendens Thom- 
son in Oberthiir’s collection, and states that cyanipes Fabricius is 
the same as resplendens Thomson from Jamaica. 

The following material has been examined. Coll. British Mu- 
seum: One specimen labeled simply “ Parry, Saunders 74-18”; and 
another example from Bath, Jamaica, which was compared with the 
type by Waterhouse. Coll. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist.: One specimen 
labeled “Jamaica,” without any additional data. Coll. U. S. Nat. 
Mus.: One specimen labeled “Jamaica” (donated by the Amer. Mus. 
Nat. Hist.). 

This beautiful insect is easily separated from all other species of 
this genus by the elytra not having distinct costae. 


POLYCESTA CUBAE Chevrolat 


Polycesta cubae CHervroLat, Silbermann’s Revue Ent., vol. 5, 1838, pp. 
55-56.—Gory, Mon. Bupr. Suppl., vol. 4, 1840, pp. 141-142, pl. 24, fig. 
139.—JACQUELIN Duval, In Ramon de la Sagra’s Hist. Phys. Polit. et 
Nat. de Vile de Cuba, Anim. Artic., 1857 (French Edition), p. 62; 
(Spanish Edition), vol. 7, 1857, p. 28—Cuervrotat, Ann. Soc. Ent. 
France, ser. 4, vol. 7, 1867, p. 582 (separates, p. 158).—GUNDLACH, 
Contribucion 4 la Entom. Cuba, vol. 3, pt. 5, 1891, p. 165, No. 861.— 
KERREMANS, Mon. Bupr., vol. 1, 1906, pp. 500-501. 


Male.—Elongate, broadly rounded in front, more acuminate be- 
hind, and feebly convex above; above uniformly dark aeneo-cupre- 
ous, with the bottom of the punctures more reddish-cupreous and in 
fresh specimens usually filled with a whitish pulverulence; beneath 
cupreous with a slight purplish tinge and more shining than above. 


| 











ART. 9 WEST INDIAN BUPRESTIDAE—FISHER 11 


Head nearly flat, without any depressions on the front, but with 
an irregular longitudinal carina on the occiput; surface very 
coarsely, irregularly and densely punctate, the punctures variable in 
size, coarse and irregular in form on the front, but becoming 
smaller and more rounded at the sides and on the occiput, sparsely 
clothed with rather long erect hairs, the intervals irregular in shape, 
convex on top, smooth and shining, except on the epistoma where 
they are granulose and subopaque; epistoma obsoletely arcuately 
emarginate in front. Pronotum strongly transverse, two times as 
wide as long, only slightly narrower in front than behind, and widest 
just behind the middle; sides obliquely expanded from the apical 
angles to just behind the middle, where they are broadly rounded, 
then more obliquely attenuate to the posterior angles, which are 
rather acute and covered by the elytra; anterior margin deeply arcu- 
ately emarginate, with a broadly rounded median lobe; base bisinu- 
ate with the median lobe strongly angulated; disk with a feeble 
median depression, which is more deeply impressed near the scu- 
tellum, and in some specimens feebly longitudinally grooved ; surface 
coarsely and deeply punctate, the punctures denser here and there, 
and becoming coarse and confluent on the sides, more remotely 
placed on the disk, where there are two large triangular opaque 
spaces, which are very sparsely punctate, and separated from each 
other by the median depression, the surface sparsely clothed with a 
few very short, inconspicuous hairs. Scutellum small, oblong, 
shghtly wider behind than in front, and strongly convex. Elytra 
feebly convex, slightly wider than pronotum at base; humeral angles 
obtusely angulated; sides feebly expanded behind the humeral angles, 
shghtly sinuate at the posterior coxae, nearly parallel to apical 
third, then arcuately attenuate to the tips, which are conjointly, 
rather acutely rounded, the lateral margins coarsely and irregularly 
serrate posteriorly; each elytron with three slightly elevated costae, 
the scutellar one extending to the basal fourth, and two similar ones 
on the disk, distinctly marked on the basal region, but becoming 
obsolete toward the apex, the intercostae nearly as prominent as the 
costae, irregular in shape, strongly interrupted by the punctures 
toward the sides, the tops with numerous punctures which are shal- 
low but nearly as wide as the costae, the punctures between the 
costae, very coarse, deep, irregular in size and shape, and more or less 
confluent; humeri feebly developed. Abdomen beneath coarsely, 
densely punctate, and rather densely clothed with moderately long 
recumbent hairs, the intervals obsoletely granulose; first segment 
rather abruptly convex, with a densely punctured and pubescent 
spot at the middle; last segment rather acutely rounded at apex. 
Prosternum moderately convex, transversely concave at middle, the 


12 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 65 


surface coarsely, rather densely and irregularly punctate, sparsely 
clothed with short inconspicuous hairs, and the intervals smooth and 
shining; anterior margin with a broad median lobe, which is broadly 
arcuately emarginate in front; prosternal process short, broad, flat 
and without marginal grooves, the sides nearly parallel to middle 
of anterior coxal cavities, where they are emarginate and abruptly 
narrowed toward the apex, which is very broadly rounded. 

Female.—Differs from the male in being larger and more robust, 
the abdomen beneath more sparsely punctured and less pubescent, 
and the first abdominal segment feebly convex and smooth at the 
middle. 

Length, 15-22 mm.; width, 5.5-7.5 mm. 

This species was described by Chevrolat (1838) from Cuba, and its 
distribution is probably restricted to that island. Jacquelin Duval 
(1857) simply records it from Cuba, and Chevrolat (1867) states 
that it is found in the eastern and central part of the island, and that 
specimens are in the collections of Gundlach, Poey, and Chevrolat. 
Gundlach (1891) records it from the eastern part of the island. 

The following material has been examined: Coll. British Mus.: 
One male labeled “ Cuba (Coll. Chevrolat)” and marked type. Coll. 
Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist.: Male and female collected on the San Carlos 
Estate, Guantanamo, Cuba, June 18, 1916, by Chas. T. Ramsden. 
Coll. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad.: One female labeled Cuba (Poey Coll. 
No. 339). Coll. U. S. Nat. Mus.: Male and female collected on the 
San Carlos Estate, Guantanamo, Cuba, June 18, 1916, by Chas. T. 
Ramsden. (Donated by the Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist.) There is also 
a single specimen of this species labeled No. 861 in the Gundlach 
Collection in Havana which has not been examined by the writer. 

This species is easily separated from the other species of this genus 
found in the West Indies by the two subopaque spots on the 
pronotum. 

POLYCESTA GORYI Saunders 

Polycesta depressa CASTELNAU and Gory (not Linnaeus), Mon. Bupr., vol. 
2, 1837, p. 3, pl. 1, fig. 2. (Name preoccup ed.) 

Polycesta goryi SAUNDERS, Catal. Bupr., 1871, p. 58.—Kerrremans, Mon. 
Bupr., vol. 1, 1906 pp. 481-483. 

Polycesta solieri THomMsoN, Typ. Bupr., 1878, p. 44. 

Polyeesta cribrata THomson, Typ. Bupr., 1878, pp. 44-45. 

Polycesta velasco WicKHAM (not Castelnau and Gory), Canad. Ent., voi. 
27, 1895, p. 294. 

Male.—Rather broad, short, moderately convex and_ broadly 
rounded in front and behind; uniformly black above and beneath, 
in some specimens the underside with a feeble brownish tinge. 

Head flat or feebly convex, without any depressions on the front, 
but with a transverse depression between the antennal cavities; 








art. 9 WEST INDIAN BUPRESTIDAE—FISHER 13 


occiput not longitudinally carinate; surface coarsely, deeply and 
densely punctate, the punctures nearly confluent, smaller toward the 
sides and forming numerous smooth, vermiculate reliefs, sparsely 
clothed with rather long, fine, erect hairs; epistoma truncate in 
front. Pronotum strongly transverse, nearly two times as wide as 
long, distinctly narrower in front than behind, widest at basal third; 
sides strongly obliquely expanded from apical angles to basal third 
where they are obtusely angulated, then obliquely attenuate to near 
the posterior angles, which terminate into an acute angle and pro- 
jecting beneath the base of the elytra; anterior margin arcuately 
emarginate, with a feebly angulated median lobe; base rather strong- 
ly bisinuate, with the median lobe broadly angulated in front of the 
scutellum; disk feebly flattened, with a broad, shallow, triangular 
depression at the middle, and sometimes with an obsolete longitudinal 
median carina, the sides are broadly declivous toward the apical 
angles and more narrowly so along the base toward the posterior 
angles; surface coarsely, deeply and densely punctate, the punctures 
irregular in size, irregularly placed, distinctly on the disk but becom- 
ing more confluent on the antero-lateral areas, the intervals sub- 
opaque and obsoletely granulose, there is also a very short erect obso- 
lete hair in the middle of the punctures. Scutellum very small, sub- 
quadrate, wider behind than in front, strongly convex and shining. 
Klytra feebly convex, slightly wider than pronotum at base; humeral 
angles broadly rounded; sides feebly expanded behind the humeral 
angles, slightly sinuate at the posterior coxae, nearly parallel to the 
apical third, then broadly arcuately attenuate to the tips, which are 
conjointly broadly rounded, the lateral margins coarsely serrate 
posteriorly; each elytron with a distinct scutellar costa extending to 
about the basal fourth, and four other strongly elevated costae, first 
and second costae more distinct, enlarged anteriorly and joined to 
the base, the third beginning behind the humeral callosity, and the 
fourth parallel to the lateral margin and separated from it by a 
row of large, irregular transverse punctures, the costae separated 
from each other by two rows of large, deep punctures, which are 
more or less confluent, and with the intercostae not elevated, the 
costae and intercostae with a few remotely placed punctures and 
the sutural and lateral margins rather densely punctate; humeri 
feebly developed. Abdomen beneath rather finely and densely 
punctate, and sparsely clothed with moderately long pale recumbent 
hairs; first segment convex at middle and with a densely punctured 
and pubescent median spot; last segment declivous toward the apex, 
which is obtusely angulated. Prosternum strongly convex, surface 
coarsely densely punctate, rather densely clothed with long fine erect 
hairs, and the intervals obsoletely granulose; anterior margin nearly 
truncate, in some specimens with an obsolete lobe on each side; 


14 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 65 


prosternal process short, broad, feebly convex, and without marginal 
grooves, the sides nearly parallel to the middle of the anterior 
coxal cavities, where they are emarginate and abruptly narrowed 
to near the apex, which is very broadly rounded. 

Female.—Differs from the male in having the first abdominal 
segment feebly convex and without the densely punctured and 
pubescent median spot. 

Length, 16 mm.; width, 7 mm. 

This species was described by Castelnau and Gory (1837) from 
Cayenne, Guiana, as depressa, but since this name had been used 
previously by Linnaeus for a species of this genus from South 
America, Saunders (1871) proposed the new name gory. The 
species has also been described by Thomson (1878) from Colombia 
as solierit, and the second time in the same paper from Caracas, 
Venezuela under the name of cribrata. Waterhouse has examined 
the types of solieri and cribrata in the Oberthur collection and finds 
that they are identical with the species described by Castelnau and 
Gory as depressa, and later changed by Saunders to goryz. This is 
the species recorded by Prof. H. F. Wickham (1895) from the 
Bahamas as probably velasco Castelnau and Gory. 

The above description was made from a male specimen from 
Venezuela, kindly loaned by the British Museum, and which was 
compared wtih the type of cribrata by Waterhouse, and with which 
it agrees. Leng and Mutchler in their List of the West Indian 
Coleoptera? record it from the Antilles, and there is a single male 
specimen in the Coll. U.S. Nat. Mus., received from H. F. Wick- 
ham, labeled “ Water Cay, Bahamas” which does not differ from 
the specimen from which the above description was made. In the 
Coll. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., there is a single female labeled “ Cuba 
(Poey Coll. No. 347)” which is slightly narrower than the other 
specimens examined. 

This is one of the shortest oblong species found in the West 
Indies. It is entirely black above, equally rounded in front and 
behind, and each elytron with five distinct costae, including the 
scutellar one. 

POLYCESTA REGULARIS Waterhouse 


Polycesta regularis WATERHOUSE, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7, vol. 
14, 1904, pp. 256-257.—KrerrREMANS, Mon. Bupr., vol. 1, 1906, pp. 487— 
488. 


The following is a copy of Waterhouse’s original description: 


Oblong, parallel, much flattened, only a little more than twice as long as 
broad, nearly black, but with a slight cyaneous tint below. Elytra ferrugi- 


2 Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., vol. 33, 1914, p. 429. 


' 


| 








ART. 9 WEST INDIAN BUPRESTIDAE—FISHER 15 


nous. Thorax not quite twice as broad as long, black, dull, broadest behind 
the middle, strongly angular at the sides, obliquely narrowed in front and 
behind ; the space from the lateral angle to the base rectilinear. The punctua- 
tion strong and sharp; the punctures in the discoidal impression (which is 
very shallow and ill defined) moderately large and very slightly separated, 
at the sides they are smaller and crowded together. There are two small 
spaces at the base which have only a few punctures. The elytra are rusty 
brown, the margin and costae blackish. There are four smooth costae, the 
first abbreviated before the middle, the second and third well marked, the 
fourth fine and abbreviated at the base and apex. The double lines of foveae 
between the suture and second costa and the second and third costae are 
regular and the foveae are subquadrate. The foveae which form the more 
lateral lines are regular, but a little less quadrate. Viewed beneath, the 
lateral ridge of the thorax is very sharp. The whole under side is clothed 
with a fine, grey pubescene. The abdomen is very distinetly and rather 
closely punctured. There is an oval, brown, pubescent spot on the basal 
segment. Long. 14 mm. Hab. St. Domingo (or possibly Dominica). 

This species is very close to P. Chevrolati, but is smaller, and the lines 
of punctures on the elytra are very regular. 

A single specimen from an old collection, with the locality indistinctly 
written. 


The type of this species is in the British Museum, and since I 
have been unable to examine it, the species is given its position in 
the key solely from the characters given in the original description. 


POLYCESTA CHEVROLATI Thomson 


Polycesta chevrolatiti THomson, Typ. Bupr., 1878, pp. 43.—KrRREMANN, Mon. 
Bupr., vol. 1, 1906, pp. 488-489. 


The following is a translation of Thomson’s original description: 

Polycesta chevrolatii (Guérin Mss.) Thomson.—Habitat: Cuba. 
Length, 21-26 mm.; width, 814-11 mm. Form of P. thomae Chev- 
rolat, but entirely black. Head granulate-punctate. Prothorax with 
the sides strongly dilated behind the middle, feebly depressed at 
middle, with a feeble longitudinal line at the base; surface punctate, 
the punctures coarse and densely placed at the middle and sides. 
Elytra carinate-fossulate, the fossae densely placed and generally 
subelongate; sides toward the apex denticulate, with apex bispinose. 
Body beneath and legs sparsely punctate. 

Allied to P. thomae Chevrolat, but differs from it: first by the 
general appearance (livrée) ; second, by the prothorax being straight 
anteriorly and not as strongly punctured; third, by the fossae on the 
elytra generally elongate, and finally by the underside less densely 
punctured. 


There is a single specimen of this species in the British Museum, 
but it has not been examined by the writer. The species was un- 
known to Kerremans, as he simply quoted Thomson’s description in 
his Monographie des Buprestides. 


16 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 65 
POLYCESTA PERFECTA Kerremans 


Polycesta perfecta KERREMANS, Mon. Bupr., vol. 7, 1914, pp. 257-258. 


The following is a translation of Kerreman’s original description: 

Length, 24 mm.; width, 9 mm. Elongate, attenuate behind, 
slightly convex, entirely black above, with a very feeble purple re- 
flection on the elytra, turning to blue along the suture; beneath black 
with a slight bronzy tinge, pubescence of a dull reddish color, with 
the tibiae and tarsi bluish. Remarkable for the regularity and dis- 
tinctness of the elytral structure. Head rugous, with irregular 
vermiculate reliefs. Pronotum wider than long, narrower in the 
front than behind, widest behind the middle; anterior margin trun- 
cate; sides strongly obliquely converging to the front, rounded just 
behind the middle, then sinuate and less converging to the base, 
with the posterior angles small, feebly projecting externally and 
feebly depressed on the humeral angles of the elytra; base bisinuate; 
middle of disk depressed; surface covered with round punctures, 
rather closely and unequally spaced, more unequal and irregular near 
the anterior angles, where the intervals form a network of irregular 
areas. Scutellum small, wider than long. Elytra feebly lobed and 
transversely impressed at the base, nearly parallel on the sides to the 
posterior third, then regularly arcuately attenuate to the tip, which 
is armed with teeth, unequal in length, and densely and irregularly 
placed between the suture and the sixth row of punctures; surface 
covered with rows of coarse, transverse, subrectangular punctures 
arranged in very regular double rows, and separated by smooth, 
feebly costiform lines. Beneath finely and unequally punctate, the 
punctures much finer and denser along the external margins of the 
abdominal segments; legs slightly robust, femur nearly smooth, the 
punctures fine and widely separated, tibiae a little more coarsely 
and densely punctured. Habitat: Jamaica (Kerreman’s Collection). 


No specimens have been seen by the writer which would agree with 
the above description, so the species has been placed in the key solely 
upon the characters given in the original description. 


POLYCESTA GOSSEI Waterhouse 


Polycesta gossei WATERHOUSE, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7, vol. 14 
1904, pp. 257-258.—KeERREMANS, Mon. Bupr., vol. 1, 1906, p. 499. 


The following is a copy of Waterhouse’s original description : 


Hlongate-oblong, much flattened; green; elytra ferruginous, shaded with 
green at the suture. Thorax at the widest scarcely wider than the elytra, 
only slightly angular at the sides, obliquely narrowed in front, very slightly 
narrowed posteriorly; green, shaded with purple-coppery at the base. Disk 
lightly impressed; the punctures rather coarse, very close, and rather confused, 
rather smaller at the sides, with two spots at the base which have only a few 
punctures. Elytra subparallel, with a not very distinct costa near the scutellum 
extending about a quarter the length of the elytra. There are two other very 
distinct smooth costae. The foveae which form the double lines are very regu- 
lar and somewhat round. Beyond the second complete costa there are four 
rows of regular somewhat round foveae or large punctures. The underside is a 








ART. 9 WEST INDIAN BUPRESTIDAE—FISHER at 


beautiful bluish green, the legs, parts of the sternma, and margins of the seg: 
ments shaded with purple. Tarsi cyaneous. The abdomen has some fine greyish 
pubescence, and on the basal segment there is a brown velvety spot. Long. 
11 mm. Habitat: Jamaica (Gosse). 

This species is very near P. velasco Laporte and Gory, but that has a rather 
more angulated thorax, ete. It is possible that velasco and montezuma Laporte 
and Gory, may be sexes of the same species, but there is not material at hand 
to enable me to decide. 

The type of this species is in the collection of the British Museum 
and has not been examined by the writer, but is included in the key 


from the characters given in the original description. 


POLYCESTA MANNI, new species 


Female.—Narrowly elongate, subsylindrical, broadly rounded in 
front, more attenuate behind, and moderately convex above; head 
and pronotum black with the bottom of the punctures and median 
depression on pronotum more or less cupreous; scutellum black; 
elytra ferrugineous with the suture narrowly margined with a 
nigro-aeneous color; beneath nigro-aeneous with a slight greenish 
or purplish tinge, and the tarsi cyaneous. 

Head slightly convex without depressions on the front; surface 
coarsely and densely punctate, the punctures not very deep, irregu- 
larly placed, becoming somewhat confluent toward the sides and 
forming a network of irregular shaped reliefs, also sparsely clothed 
with long inconspicuous erect, cinereous hairs; epistoma truncate in 
front; antennae rather long, and reaching to the basal third of the 
pronotum. Pronotum strongly transverse, two times as wide as 
long, narrower in front than behind, widest just behind the middle; 
sides regularly arcuately rounded, more obliquely in front than be- 
hind, the posterior angles obtusely rounded and rather widely sep- 
arated from the elytra; anterior margin feebly arcuately emarginate 
and without a median lobe; base obliquely truncate to near the mid- 
dle, where it is strongly angularly lobed and transversely truncate in 
front of the scutellum; surface with a large, deep oblong median 
depression, which is longitudinally carinate at the middle, and with 
an obsolete depression on each side in the antero-lateral areas, the 
surface in the median depression is finely and densely punctate, the 
punctures shallow, more or less confluent, and shining at the bottom, 
on each side of the depression the surface is subopaque with deep 
pit like punctures, which are irregularly placed and rather widely 
separated, and on the antero-lateral regions the punctures become 
confluent, forming a network of vermiculate reliefs, which are more 
or less shining, in the center of each puncture is a small round eleva- 
tion from which arises a rather long fine semi-erect hair. Seutellum 


18 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 65 


nearly square, flat, and broadly rounded behind. Elytra feebly con- 
vex, about as wide as*the pronotum at base; humeral angles broadly 
rounded; base strongly angulated; sides slightly arcuately expanded 
behind the humeral angles, rather strongly sinuate at the posterior 
coxae, nearly parallel to the apical third, then arcuately attenuate to 
the tips, which are rather acutely rounded, lateral margins coarsely 
dentate posteriorly, the teeth irregularly placed and very variable in 
size; humeri feebly developed; each elytron with 10 longitudinal 
rows of deep round punctures, which are about equal distance from 
each other and separated by narrow longitudinal costae, of which 
the second and fourth are more distinct and strongly elevated than 
the others, there is also an additional row of punctures extending 
from the base to near the middle, and separated from the sutural 
row by a short scutellar costa, which is as strongly elevated as the 
second and fourth costae, the costae with numerous large, round, 
shallow punctures, which are irregularly placed toward the side of 
the costae, becoming more numerous toward the sides and at the 
apical region, and in the center of which is a minute round elevation 
bearing an obsolete hair. Abdomen beneath sparsely and rather 
coarsely punctate, becoming feebly scabrous at the sides of basal 
segments, and clothed with moderately long, recumbent cinereous 
pubescence, the hairs sparsely placed on median parts but becoming 
much denser at the sides, the intervals nearly smooth, and moder- 
ately shining; first segment moderately convex and without a 
densely punctured and pubescent median spot; last segment rather 
narrowly rounded at apex. Prosternum moderately convex, the 
surface sparsely, coarsely punctate, and sparsely clothed with long 
fine erect hairs; anterior margin broadly rounded, with a feeble, ar- 
cuate emargination at the middle, on each side of which the margin is 
rather strongly elevated; prosternal process short, very broad, 
feebly convex, with distinct marginal grooves and with the lateral 
margins narrowly flattened and granulose, the sides parallel to the 
posterior part of the anterior coxal cavities, where they are trans- 
versely narrowed, with the apex broadly rounded. 

Length, 17 mm.; width, 5.75 mm. 

L'ype locality—Mangrove Cay, Andros Island, Bahamas. 

T'ype—Coll. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. 

This species is described from a single female collected at the 
type locality during May or June, 1917, by William M. Mann. 

It is one of the most slender species of the genus and can be readily 
separated from all other Polycesta found in the West Indies by the 
coloration, and by the posterior angles of the pronotum being broadly 
rounded and not fitting closely to the base of the elytra. 














ART. 9 WEST INDIAN BUPRESTIDAE—FISHER 19 


POLYCESTA PORCATA (Fabricius) 


Buprestis porcata Fasricrus, Syst. Ent., 1775, p. 219. 

Polycesta porcata MANNERHEIM, Bull. Soc. Imp. Nat. Moscou, vol. 10, 
no. 8, 1837, p. 36.—CHEvroLaT, Silbermann’s Revue Ent., vol. 5, 1838, 
p. 56.—WatTERHOUSE, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7, vol. 14, 1904, p. 
254.—KERREMANS, Mon. Bupr., vol. 1, 1906, pp. 516-518. 

Male.—Broadly elongate, averaging about two and one-fifth times 
as long as wide; broadly rounded in front, more narrowly rounded 
behind, and feebly convex above; color above aeneo-nigris, with a 
strong greenish and purplish tinge; beneath of the same color but 
more shining than above. 

Head flat without any depressions on the front, but with a short 
obsolete longitudinal carina on the occiput; surface coarsely, deeply 
and densely punctate, the punctures variable in size, irregularly 
placed, and separated from each other by less than their diameter, 
clothed with a few very fine erect hairs, the intervals irregular in 
shape, convex, smooth and shining on the top; epistoma feebly arcu- 
ately emarginate in front. Pronotum strongly transverse, two times 
as wide as long, distinctly narrower in front than behind, and widest 
at basal third; sides strongly obliquely expanded from the apical 
angles to basal third, where they are obtusely angulated, then 
strongly narrowed to near the posterior angles, which are nearly 
rectangular; anterior margin deeply arcuately emarginate, with a 
broadly rounded median lobe, and the margin smooth and narrowly 
elevated; base bisinuate, with the median lobe rather strongly angu- 
lated; disk with a broad shallow median depression ; surface coarsely, 
deeply, and densely punctate, the punctures more or less confluent in 
the median depression and toward the antero-lateral areas, glabrous, 
the intervals densely granulose and subopaque. Scutellum small, 
suboval, slightly wider behind than in front, and strongly convex. 
Elytra feebly convex, about as wide as the pronotum at base; humeral 
angles obtusely angulated ; sides feebly expanded behind the humeral 
angle, slightly sinuate at the posterior coxae, nearly parallel to apical 
third, then arcuately attenuate to the tips, which are rather acute, 
the lateral margins coarsely and irregularly serrate posteriorly ; each 
elytron with four feebly elevated smooth longitudinal costae, not 
including the scutellar one, which is very short and not extending 
to the base, the costae irregular, sinuate and usually only the two 
discal ones distinctly marked on- the basal regions, becoming more 
obsolete toward the apex, there are also nine or ten longitudinal rows 
of large deep elliptical punctures, which are arranged in double 
rows between the costae, the punctures more or less confluent, very 
variable in shape and size, and forming a network of alveolus areas, 
the sutural and lateral margins coarsely and densely punctate; 


20 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 65 


humeri feebly developed. Abdomen beneath coarsely and rather 
densely punctate, and sparsely clothed with very fine, short recum- 
bent hairs, the intervals smooth and shining; first segment strongly 
convex at middle, with a densely punctured median spot, which is 
densely clothed with short, semi-erect, scale like hairs; last segment 
rather broadly rounded at apex. Prosternum strongly convex, sur- 
face sparsely punctate, the punctures fine on the median part but 
becoming very coarse and more or less confluent at the sides, sparsely 
clothed with a few obsolete semi-erect hairs; anterior margin feebly 
elevated, feebly but broadly emarginate in front, forming an obso- 
lete lobe on each side; prosternal process short, broad, feebly convex, 
and without marginal grooves, the sides obliquely narrowed to mid- 
dle of anterior coxal cavities, where they are emarginate and ab- 
ruptly narrowed, the apex very broadly rounded. 

Female.—Diflers from the male in being larger and more robust, 
and the first abdominal segment feebly convex and without the 
densely punctured and pubescent median spot. 

Length, 18-25 mm.; width, 7-10.5 mm. 

Originally described by Fabricius (1775) from “ Oriente.” Man- 
nerheim (1837) and Chevrolat (1838) both record it from the island 
of St. Domingo, and Waterhouse (1904) states that it is apparently 
common in St. Domingo. 

The followmg material has been examined. Coll. British Mus.: 
One male and two females, labeled as follows: St. Domingo (Fatr- 
maire) ; St. Domingo (Coll. Chevrolat) ; and St. Domingo (Saunders 
74-18). Coll. U. S. Nat. Mus.: One female, labeled “ Antilles 
(Fairmaire)” (donated by the British Museum). 

This is one of the broadest species of the genus. 


POLYCESTA ANGULOSA Jacquelin Duval 


Polycesta angulosa JACQUELIN DUvAL, in Ramon de la Sagra’s Hist. Phys. 
Polit. et Nat. de Vile de Cuba, Anim. Artic., 1857 (French edition), 
pp. 62-64; (Spanish edition) vol. 7, 1857, p. 28——CHEvRoLAT, Ann. 
Soe. Ent. France, ser. 4, vol. 7, 1867, pp. 582-583 (separates pp. 
158-159 ).—GuNbLACcH, Contribucion 4 la Entom. Cuba, vol. 3, pt. 5, 
1891, p. 166, no. 807. 

Polycesta excavata KERREMANS, Mon. Bupr., vol. 1, 1906, pp. 513-515 (part). 

Female.—More narrowly elongate than porcata, averaging about 
two and two-third times as long as wide, broadly rounded in front,. 
more acuminate behind, and feebly convex above; color above black 
or greenish-black, sometimes more or less cupreous, with the bottom 
of the punctures more distinctly cupreous than the reliefs; beneath 
dark aeneous to cupreous, with a strong greenish, bluish, or purplish. 
tinge when viewed in certain lights. 











ART. 9 WEST INDIAN BUPRESTIDAE—FISHER 21 


Head nearly flat, with an obsolete depression on the front, and 
a short longitudinal carina on the occiput; surface coarsely and 
very densely punctate, the punctures variable in size and shape, 
more or less confluent and from the center of each arises a moder- 
ately long, fine erect hair, the intervals irregular in shape, with the 
tops sharply defined; epistoma truncate or obsoletely emarginate 
in front. Pronotum strongly transverse, not quite two times as 
wide as long, distinctly narrower in front than behind, and widest 
just behind the middle; sides obliquely expanded from the apical 
angles to just behind the middle, where they are obtusely rounded 
or angulated, then obliquely narrowed to near the posterior angles 
where they are more parallel, the angles obtuse and slightly pro- 
jecting beneath the elytra; anterior margin feebly arcuately emar- 
ginate, with only an obsolete median lobe; base bisinuate with 
the median lobe broadly anugalted; disk with a broad shallow 
median depression, which is more or less longitudinally carinate 
at middle; surface coarsely, densely, and deeply punctate, the punc- 
tures much denser and somewhat confluent in the median depression 
and at the sides, where they are more irregular in shape, and the 
intervals forming a network of irregular alveolus areas, sparsely 
clothed with a few short inconspicuous hairs. Scutellum small 
and subquadrate. Elytra feebly convex, about as wide as pronotum 
at base; humeral angles obtusely angulated; sides slightly expanded 
behind the humeral angles, feebly sinuate at posterior coxae, nearly 
parallel to the apical third, then arcuately attenuate to the tips, 
which are conjointly broadly rounded, the lateral margins coarsely, 
irregularly serrate posteriorly; each elytron with a feebly indicated 
scutellar costa, and with two discal costae, which are smooth, straight, 
and more distinct toward the base, the costae not more strongly 
elevated than the intercostae, and separated from each other and 
the suture by double rows of large deep rounded punctures, which 
are variable in size, and more or less confluent, laterally the costae 
are obscure, irregular, and interrupted by the punctures, which 
are very deep, variable in shape and size, and forming a network 
of alveolus areas, the suture, lateral margin, and tops of reliefs 
with a few coarse, shallow punctures; humeri feebly developed. 
Abdomen beneath finely and densely punctate, and clothed with 
short recumbent hairs, the pubescence rather sparse on the median 
parts but becoming denser toward the sides, the intervals smooth 
and shining; first segment feebly convex and without a densely 
pubescent median spot; last segment rather narrowly rounded at 
apex. Prosternum strongly convex, surface densely punctate, the 
punctures rather fine and more widely separated on the prosternal 


99 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 65 


process, but becoming coarser, denser, and somewhat confluent at 
the sides and along the anterior margin, sparsely clothed with fine 
erect hairs; anterior margin broadly but not deeply arcuately 
emarginate in front, with the margin strongly elevated; prosternal 
process short, moderately broad, feebly convex, and without mar- 
ginal grooves, the sides nearly parallel to the middle of the anterior 
coxal cavities, where they are emarginate and abruptly narrowed, 
the apex broadly rounded. 

Length, 18-21 mm.; width, 7-8 mm. 

Described by Jacquelin Duval (1857) from Cuba. Chevrolat 
(1867) records it from the central part of the same island from 
material in the collections of Gundlach, Poey, and Chevrolat. Gund- 
lach (1891) records collecting specimens at Cienfuegos, and also at 
Caimanera near Guantanamo, both localities in Cuba. 

Material has been examined of this species as follows. Coll. 
British Mus.: Two females, one labeled “ Cuba (Poey)” and marked 
type, the other simply labeled “ Parry (Saunders 74-18).” Coll. 
Acad. at. Sci. Philad.: One female, Cuba (Poey Coll.). Coll. 
Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist.: One female, Guantanamo, Cuba, collected 
June 11, 1910, by Chas. T. Ramsden. Coll. U. S. Nat. Mus.: One 
female, Guantanamo, Cuba, collected June 26, 1915, by Chas. T. 
Ramsden. (Donated by Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist.) There is also a 
specimen in the collection of the Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., labeled 
“Cuba (Poey Coll.)” which I have placed under this species. It 
is a very small specimen measuring only 11 millimeters in length 
and 4.5 millimeters in width, and which agrees in every way with 
the other specimens of this species examined, except in size. It 
is a male and has the usual densely punctured and pubescent median 
spot on the first abdominal segment. There is a single example 
labeled No. 807 in the Gundlach Museum in Havana which has 
not been examined by the writer. 

Kerremans has placed this species as a synonym of excavata de- 
scribed by Blanchard (1846) from Argentine Republic, but since 
these localities are so widely separated and the species has not been 
reported from any intermediate localities, I am retaining the name 
angulosa for the specimens collected in Cuba. This species is closely 
allied to porcata Fabricius, but it is more slender, head more 
densely and coarsely punctured, anterior margin of pronotum not as 
deeply emarginate, abdomen beneath more finely punctured and more 
densely pubescent, prosternum more densely punctured, and the 
prosternal process much narrower in proportion to its length than 
in porcata. 


| 





——= 





arT. 9 WEST INDIAN BUPRESTIDAE—FISHER 23 
POLYCESTA OLIVIERI Waterhouse 


Buprestis depressa Outvier (not Linnaeus), Entomol., vol. 2, gen. 32, 1790, 
pp. 39-40 (part), (name preoccupied). 

Polycesta olivieri WATERHOUSE, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7, vol. 14, 
1904, p. 255.—KERREMANS, Mon. Bupr., vol. 1, 1906, pp. 511-513. 


Female.——KHlongate, broadly rounded in front, more attenuate be- 
hind, feebly flattened above and similar in shape to angulosa Jacque- 
lin Duval; above dull brownish-cupreous, with an obscure greenish or 
purplish tinge; beneath aeneous, with a strong purplish or greenish 
reflection, the tibiae, tarsi and antennae bluish-green. 

Head flat without any depressions on the front, but with a short 
obsolete longitudinal carina on the occiput; surface coarsely, deeply 
and densely punctate, the punctures very irregularly placed and 
more or less confluent, sparsely clothed with very fine erect incon- 
spicuous hairs, the intervals very irregular in shape, smooth and con- 
vex on the top; epistoma truncate or obsoletely emarginate in front 
and feebly lobed on each side at the antennal cavities. Pronotum 
strongly transverse, two times as wide as long, narrower in front 
than behind, and widest just behind the middle; sides strongly ob- 
liquely expanded to just behind the middle, where they are broadly 
rounded, then strongly attenuate to near the posterior angles where 
they are nearly parallel for a short distance (in one of the speci- 
mens the sides are regularly arcuately rounded), the posterior angles 
acute and slightly projecting beneath the elytra; anterior margin 
feebly arcuately emarginate, without a median lobe; base feebly bisi- 
nuate or nearly transversely truncate; disk broadly but very feebly 
depressed ; surface coarsely, deeply, and rather densely punctate, the 
punctures irregularly placed, much coarser and denser in the median 
depression and on the antero-lateral regions, where they are also 
more or less confluent, sparsely clothed with short inconspicuous 
hairs, and with the intervals subopaque. Scutellum subquadrate (ip 
one specimen it is wider than long). Elytra feebly flattened on disk, 
declivous on the sides and about as wide as the pronotum at base; 
humeral angles obtusely angulated; sides obsoletely expanded behind 
the humeral angles, feebly sinuate at the posterior coxae, nearly par- 
allel to the apical third, then arcuately attenuate to the tips, which are 
acutely rounded, the lateral margins strongly and irregularly serrate 
posteriorly; each elytron with 10 entire longitudinal rows of deep, 
round or subquadrate punctures, which are about equal distance from 
each other, and separated by narrow longitudinal costae, of which the 
second and fourth are more distinctly elevated than the others, 
there is also an additional row of finer punctures along the suture 
extending from the scutellum to basal fourth, and not separated 


24 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 65 


from the other rows of punctures by a costa; humeri obsolete. Ab- 
domen beneath finely and densely punctuate, the punctures sparser 
on the median parts, but becoming much denser toward the sides, 
and rather densely clothed with short recumbent hairs, the intervals 
smooth and subopaque; first segment moderately convex, ‘and with- 
out a densely punctated and pubescent spot at middle; last seg- 
ment rather acutely rounded at apex. Prosternum strongly con- 
vex, surface finely, sparsely punctate, and sparsely clothed with 
long, very fine, erect hairs; anterior margin broadly rounded in front, 
with a broadly arcuate emargination at the middle; prosternal pro- 
cess. short, moderately broad and with feeble marginal grooves, the 
sides nearly parallel to the middle of anterior coxal cavities, where 
they are emarginate and abruptly narrowed, the apex broadly 
rounded. 

Male.—Not seen. 

Length, 20-24 mm.; width, 6.5-8 mm. 

Olivier (1790) had before him more than one species when he re- 
described Buprestis depressa Linnaeus, but his figure is certainly 
that of depressa and he records specimens from South America, 
Antilles and Cayenne in the British Museum. Waterhouse (1904) 
states that the species described by Olivier as depressa is not the 
one described by Linnaeus under that name. so he proposes the 
new name oliviert for it, and states that there is in the British 
Museum a very old specimen bearing the name depressa which he 
believed is certainly the one mentioned by Olivier. At least some 
of the specimens which Olivier had before him were the true depressa 
as his figure and description applies to that species and not to the one 
which Waterhouse has given a new name. Waterhouse further 
states that the old specimens in the British Museum are without 
locality, but recent examples in the Museum and in Oberthiir’s Col- 
lection are from Jamaica. 

I have been able to examine two females from the British Mu- 
seum Collection, labeled simply Jamaica, and from which the above 
description was made. (One of these specimens has been donated 
to the United States National Museum collection.) 

This species resembles angulosa Jacquelin Duval, but it is more 
flattened above, without scutellar costae, and the elytral punctures 
are much finer. From depressa Linnaeus and thomae Chevrolat, 
which also have the scutellar costae absent, it can be separated by the 
longitudinal costae on elytra not as distinctly elevated and the punc- 
tuation much finer. 


4 
7 


4 











ART. 9 WEST INDIAN BUPRESTIDAE—FISHER 25 
POLYCESTA DEPRESSA (Linnaeus) 


Buprestis depressa LINNAEUS, Mant Plant., vol. 2, 1771, p. 533.—Ortvirr, 
Entomol. vol. 2, gen. 32, 1790, pp. 39-40 (part). 

Buprestis porcata Herest, (not Fabricius) Nat. Syst. Ins. Kifer, vol. 9, 
1801, pp. 34-35, pl. 145, fig. 6. 

Polycesta porcata CASTELNAU and Gory, Mon. Bupr., vol. 2, 1837, pp. 2-3, 
ORL sires 

Polycesta karakera Cuevrotat, Silbermann’s Rey. Ent., vol. 5, 1838, pp. 
54-55.—FLEUTIAUX and SAaLLf&, Ann. Soc. Ent. France, ser. 6, vol. 9, 
1890, p. 404 (separates p. 54). 

Polycesta depressa KERREMANS, Mon. Bupr., vol. 1, 1906, pp. 502-506, pl. 10, 
Riou 

Female——Klongate, broadly rounded in front, more acuminate 
behind, feebly convex above and similar in shape to angulosa Jac- 
quelin Duval; above dark metallic-green with the bottom of the 
punctures cupreous or purplish, and the entire surface more or less 
tinged with the same color when viewed in certain lights; beneath 
brillant green, with strong cupreous and purplish reflections, the 
tibiae, tarsi and antennae cyaneous. 

Head nearly flat without any depressions on the front, but with an 
obsolete longitudinal carina on the occiput; surface nearly glabrous, 
coarsely, deeply and rather densely punctuate, the punctures irregu- 
larly placed and widely separated on the median part, but becoming 
denser and more regularly placed along the eyes, the intervals 
irregular in shape, smooth and convex on the top; epistoma broadly, 
but not deeply arcuately emarginate in front. Pronotum strongly 
transverse, two times as wide as long, distinctly narrower in front 
than behind, and widest just behind the middle; sides strongly 
obliquely expanded from the apical angles to just behind the middle, 
where they are strongly obtusely angulated, then more feebly 
obliquely attenuate to the posterior angles, which are obtusely angu- 
lated and projecting beneath the elytra; anterior margin feebly 
arcuately emarginate, with a broad obsolete median lobe; base 
bisnuate, with a broad strongly angulated median lobe; disk with a 
broad subtriangular median depression, which is not deeply de- 
pressed, but sometimes with a fine longitudinal carina at the middle; 
surface very coarsely and deeply punctuate, the punctures variable 
in size, becoming confluent in the median depression and on the 
antero-lateral areas, but more widely separated on each side of the 
discal depression, the intervals subopaque. Scutellum subquadrate, 
wider behind than in front, and feebly convex. Elytra feebly convex, 
shghtly wider than pronotum at base; humeral angles obtusely angu- 
lated; sides slightly arcuately expanded behind the humeral angles, 
feebly sinuate at posterior coxae, nearly parallel to apical third, then 
arcuately attenuate to the tips, which are conjointly narrowly 


26 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 65 4 


rounded, the lateral margins strongly and very irregularly serrate 
posteriorly; each elytron with four strongly elevated longitudinal 
costae, of which the first and second are more distinct and extending 
from the base to apex, the third more or less arcuate and extending 
around the humeral callosity, and the fourth more or less parallel 
with the lateral margin, uniting with the third at humeral callosity 
and extending to the margin near apex, the scutellar costa entirely 
absent; there are also nine or ten longitudinal rows of large, deep 
round punctures, which are arranged in double rows between the 
costae, the punctures more or less confluent, irregularly placed and 
forming a network of alveolus areas, the lateral margin coarsely and 
rather densely punctured; humeri feebly developed. Abdomen be- 
neath finely and rather densely punctate, rather densely clothed 
with fine short recumbent hairs, which are shorter and sparser on the 
median part, but becoming denser toward the sides, the intervals 
smooth and shining; first segment moderately convex and without a 
densely punctured and pubescent spot at middle; last segment rather 
acutely rounded at apex. Prosternum moderately convex; surface 
coarsely, sparsely punctate, and sparsely clothed with a few fine 
inconspicuous hairs, anterior margin broadly obsoletely emarginate 
in front; prosternal process short, moderately broad, and with feeble 
marginal grooves, the sides nearly parallel to middle of anterior 
coxal cavities, where they are emarginate and abruptly narrowed, 
the apex rather broadly rounded. 

Male.—Not seen. 

Length, 18-24 mm.; width, 7-8.5 mm. 

This species was originally described by Linnaeus (1771) from 
“ Oriente.” Olivier (1790) gives a figure of this species and records 
it from South America, Antilles and Cayenne, and states that speci- 
mens are in the British Museum. It is the species listed and figured 
by Herbst (1801) as porcata from Cayenne, Guiana, and the Antilles, 
and also by Castelnau and Gory (1837) under the same name from 
Guadeloupe. Chevrolat (1838) described this species as karakera 
from specimens collected at Pointe-a-Pitre, Guadeloupe, by Doctor 
Lherminier, and which he says is the same species figured by Castel- 
nau and Gory as porcata, but is not the species described by Fabricius 
under that name. Fleutiaux and Sallé (1890) record specimens 
collected at Vieux Fort, Guadeloupe, by Vitrae on a climbing shrub 
(Tecoma pentaphylla). Kerremans (1906) records it from Cayenne, 
Santa Lucia, and Guadeloupe in the collection of the Paris Museum. 

Through the kindness of the British Museum I have been able 
to examine two females from their collection, one labeled Antilles 
(Fairmaire) which had been compared and agrees with Luprestis 
depressa in the Linnean Collection by C. O. Waterhouse, and from 
which the above description was made; the other specimen is with- 











art. 9 WEST INDIAN BUPRESTIDAE—FISHER OT 


out locality, but is labeled “ karakera Chevr., compared with type 
(Saunders 74-18).” This specimen is more coarsely punctured, 
more brightly colored and more acuminate posteriorly, otherwise the 
two specimens are identical. 

This species resembles thomae very closely, but it is more slender, 
more brightly colored, more acuminate posteriorly, and the elytral 
costae are more strongly elevated. 


POLYCESTA THOMAE Chevrolat 


Polycesta thomae CHEVvROLAT, Silbermann’s Rey. Ent., vol. 5, 1838, p. 55.— 
WATERHOUSE, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7, vol. 14, 1904, p. 254.— 
KERREMANS, Mon. Bupr., vol. 1, 1906, p. 516. 


Female—Robust, broadly elongate, and similar to porcata, broadly 
rounded in front, more narrowly rounded behind and feebly convex 
above; color above aeneo-nigris, with a strong greenish and purplish 
tinge; beneath of the same color as above only more shining. 

Head flat, broadly obsoletely depressed on the front, and trans- 
versely, narrowly depressed between the antennal cavities; occiput 
without longitudinal carina; surface coarsely, rather deeply and 
densely punctate, the punctures variable in size, irregularly placed, 
and more or less confluent, sparsely clothed with fine long erect hairs, 
the intervals irregular in shape, convex, smooth, and shining; epis- 
toma broadly, but not deeply arcuately emarginate in front. Prono- 
tum strongly transverse, two times as wide as long, slightly nar- 
rower in front than behind, and widest at basal third; sides strongly 
obliquely expanded from the apical angles to basal third, where they 
are broadly rounded, then strongly narrowed to the posterior angles, 
which are nearly rectangular; anterior margin deeply arcuately 
emarginate, with a broadly rounded median lobe, and the margin 
smooth and feebly elevated; base bisinuate, with the median lobe 
rather strongly angulated; disk with a broad, moderately deep 
median depression; surface coarsely, deeply and densely punctate, 
the punctures coarser, and more or less confluent in the median de- 
pression and toward the antero-lateral areas, sparsely clothed with a 
few moderately long recumbent hairs, the intervals densely granu- 
lose and subopaque. Scutellum subquadrate, wider behind than in 
front, and feebly elevated. Elytra feebly convex, about as wide as 
pronotum at base; humeral angles obtusely angulated; sides feebly 
expanded behind the humeral angles, sinuate at the posterior coxae, 
nearly parallel to apical third, then arcuately attenuate to the tips. 
which are conjointly broadly rounded, the lateral margins coarsely 
and irregularly serrate posteriorly; each elytron with four smooth 
longitudinai costae, of which the two discal ones are straight and 
more strongly elevated than the intercostae, the scutellar costa ab- 
sent; there are also ten longitudinal rows of large deep elliptical 


28 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 65 ' 


punctures which are arranged in double rows between the costae, the 
punctures more or less confluent, very variable in size and shape, and 
forming a network of alveolus areas, the sutural and lateral margins 
coarsely and densely punctate; humeri feebly developed. Abdomen 
beneath coarsely, densely punctate, and rather densely clothed with 
moderately long recumbent hairs, the intervals smooth and shining; 
first segment feebly convex, without a densely punctured and pubes- 
cent median spot; last segment rather broadly rounded at apex. 
Prosternum moderately convex; surface sparsely, coarsely punctate, 
and sparsely clothed with fine, moderately long, recumbent hairs; 
anterior margin feebly, broadly emarginate in front, with a small 
lobe on each side, and where the margin is feebly elevated ; prosternal 
process short, very broad, feebly convex, and without marginal 
grooves, the sides parallel to middle of anterior coxal cavities, where 
they are emarginate and abruptly narrowed, the apex very broadly 
rounded. 

Male.—Not seen. 

Length, 20-25 mm.; width, 8-9.5 mm. 

This species was described by Chevrolat (1838) from the island 
of St. Thomas. Kerremans (1906) records specimens from the same 
island in the collection of the British Museum and also in the Pariz 
Museum. Kerremans has placed this species as a synonym of por- 
cata Fabricius, but Waterhouse (1904) writes that the type of thomae 
is in the collection of the British Museum, and that it is distinct from 
porcata. 

I have examined two females of this species, one from the collec- 
tion of the British Museum simply labeled St. Thomas; the other in 
the collection of the American Museum of Natural History, from 
the same locality, collected during July, 1915, probably by C. Shoe- 
maker. After carefully examining the above specimens, I agree with 
Waterhouse that it is distinct from porcata. The punctuation on the 
elytra is finer and more regular, the four costae on disk are distinctly 
elevated, and the scutellar costae are entirely absent. 


Genus ACMAEODERA Eschscholtz 


Acmaeodera EscuscuHottz, Zool. Atlas, vol. 1, 1829, p. 9 (reprint p. 8).— 
Sorter, Ann. Soc. Ent. France, ser. 1, vol. 2, 1833, pp. 274-275, pl. 10, 
fig. 7—-CASTELNAU and Gory, Mon. Bupr., vol. 1, 1835-1836, pp. 1-31, 
pls. 1-9.—Sprinota, Ann. Soc. Ent. France, ser. 1, vol. 7, 1838, p. 341.— 
LACORDAIRE, Gen. Col., vol. 4, 1857, pp. 66-68.—Horn, Trans. Amer. 
Ent. Soc., vol. 7, 1878, pp. 2-27, pl. 1—Fa.t, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., 
vol. 7, 1899, pp. 1-37—KerrEMANS, Wytsman’s Gen. Insectorum, fasc. 
12, pt. 1, 1902, pp. 27-37; Mon. Bupr., vol. 2, 1906-1907, pp. 1-523, 
pls. 11-16. 


Head flat or feebly convex; front strongly narrowed by the inser- 
tion of the antennae; epistoma very short and emarginate in front; 





— 





art. 9 WEST INDIAN BUPRESTIDAE—FISHER 29 


antennal cavities rather large, deep, transverse, reniform, not con- 
cealed beneath a carina, and situated at some distance from the inner 
margin of the eyes. Antennae rather short, first joint long, feebly 
arcuate, and clavate at apex, second, third, and fourth short, sub- 
globular, and subequal in length, fifth to tenth serrate, wider than 
long (sometimes serrate from the fourth joint), the eleventh joint 
oval. Eyes large, narrowly oval, feebly convex, parallel, or at most 
only obseletely more widely separated on the vertex than at the 
front. Pronotum strongly transverse, variable in shape, often wider 
than the elytra, depressed, suleate or convex at the middle, truncate 
at the base, which is longitudinally striate along the entire width. 
Scutellum not visible. Elytra variable in form, rounded or acumi- 
nate at the apex, with the sides serrate posteriorly. Sternal cavity 
formed entirely by the mesosternum, which is entire and emarginate 
in front. Prosternum wide, flat or convex, the anterior margin 
sinuate, emarginate, truncate, or lobed at the middle, and the proster- 
nal process usually broadly rounded at apex. Posterior coxae 
dilated internally. Legs rather short and slender; tarsi rather 
robust, the fifth joint nearly as long as the preceding joints united; 
tarsal claws dentate. 

This is a very large genus and at present contains about 300 
species, which are distributed throughout the warmer regions of the 
entire world, with the exception of Australia, where they are re- 
placed by the genus Stigmodera. The present paper includes 
species, 4 of which are described as new. 

The adults are usually found feeding on the pollen of various 
flowers, and since the color markings are so variable in some species, 
they are exceedingly difficult to identify. The species of this genus 
can be readily separated from all other West Indian Buprestidae by 
the scutellum being invisible. 


KEY TO THE SPECIES 


1. Antennae serrate from the fourth joint; subcylindrical species__________ 2. 
Aviteunae; serrate pron: the: filthy, jOinpe. = See ete ee 3. 

2. Elytral markings consisting of nine small yellow spots on each elytron, ar- 
ranged in two rows, one lateral, the other near the suture; yellow spot 

on pronotum small and not attaining the base______ subcylindrica Wisher. 
Elytral markings cousisting of a small yellow spot near the scutellum, an 
oblong lateral area behind the humeri enclosing a dark spot, and three 
transverse fasciae behind the middle; yellow spot on pronotum large, 


extending over the entire postero-iateral area___~____ jamaicensis Fisher. 
Peeronotuim: distinctly. wider than .elytralo——=22. 2 2 ee ee 4. 
BrouOnumenoc wider than selyirat- to eee eee ee NO 5. 


4. First abdominal segment with a large yellow basal spot at middle; elytra 
orange-yellow, with the suture, apex and four transverse spots along 
lateral margin black, the black sutural area is also irregularly expanded, 
punctuation very coarse and deep, and the intervals very narrow and 
ACHTCRONBLODE= Sees 5 laa to ee ee es marginenotata Chevrolat. 


30 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 65 


First abdominal segment without yellow basal spot; elytra black without 
discal markings, but with a yellow marginal band behind the humeri, and 
two transverse reddish-yellow fasciae near apex, which are more or less 
confluent, punctuation fine, the intervals at least as wide as the striae and 


flattened “ontop: 22252 ee See eee ee flavomarginata (Gray). 

5. Body robust and triangular, enlarged at base, and very acuminate pos- 
terioriy acs 22} ft pespae gl deep eee aelet oa tenes sorrinr eo 3 an 6. 
Body more slender and elongate, not triangular; elytra more parallel and not 
gs strongly acuminate posteriorly > ee Se ee eee 8. 

6. Sutural margin expanded and smooth on basal half; elytra without red 
Hpital "Spot s@s ae = ee ee ee ee eS Nt ee ee eee ee eee ite 
Sutural margin not expanded on basal half; elytra with a fiery red apical 
Spo tet 4:38 ant Spey) @ ate ete Ee werent or re eruenta (Olivier). 


. Broadly triangular; elytra one and one-half times as long as the width at 
base, the maculation consisting of numerous small irregular yellow spots, 
Which ere: COnmuent. = a a ee eee pulcherrima Jacquelin Duval. 

More elongate-triangular; elytra two times as long as the width at base, the 
maculation consisting of a yellow scutellar spot. and four irregular trans- 
verse yellow fasciae, which are more or less interrupted. 

wickhami Fisher. 


-~] 


8. Pronotum widest at basal third or middle______ cubaecola Jacquelin Duval. 
PrOnoOtimM, WAGEStyab: DA SC ee ee ee gundlachi Fisher. 


ACMAEODERA SUBCYLINDRICA, new species 


Narrowly elongate, subcylindrical, strongly eonvex, broadly 
rounded in front and strongly attenuate behind; when viewed in 
profile, the surface beneath is nearly straight to the last ventral seg- 
ment, where it is strongly attenuate, above feebly arcuate; piceous, 
with a strong purplish tinge; pronotum with an oval yellow spot on 
each side, narrowly separated from the lateral margin but not attain- 
ing the base or apex. Each elytron ornated with ten small irregu- 
lar yellow spots arranged in two longitudinal rows, one along the 
lateral margin, the other on the disk; in the lateral row the spots 
are arranged as follows: a very small one at humeral angle, one just 
behind the humeri, third at the middle, fourth at apical third, fifth 
at apical fourth, and a small one at the apex; in the discal row they 
are arranged, one at the base, second at basal third midway between 
the second and third lateral spots, third behind the middle between 
the third and fourth lateral spots, and a very small spot connected 
externally to the fifth marginal spot. Color beneath similar to that 
above. 

Head feebly convex, with a broad, oval, obsolete depression on the 
front and a short distinct elevated carina on the occiput; surface 
densely and very coarsely punctate, the punctures rather shallow, 
irregular, and nearly confluent, the sides forming a network of po- 
lygonial areas, bottom of punctures nearly smooth and from which 
arises a moderately long erect inconspicuous hair; epistoma very 
broadly arcuately emarginate in front. Antennae serrate from the 








arr. 9 WEST INDIAN BUPRESTIDAE—FISHER 31 


fourth joint; first joint elongate, slightly arcuate and longer than the 
second and third joints united, the surface shining and feebly granu- 
lose; second and third joints moniliform, surface similar to the first; 
fourth to tenth strongly triangular, wider than long, with the surface 
very densely granulose and subopaque; the eleventh oblong, slightly 
angulated on outer margin, with the surface similar to the preceding 
joint. (In the type the right antenna is deformed, and the fourth 
and fifth joints are consolidated.) Pronotum strongly transverse 
and moderately convex, one and four-fifths times as wide as long, 
narrower in front than at base, widest at basal third, with an obso- 
lete depression in front of the scutellum, and a broad shallow one on 
each side along the base a short distance from the posterior angles, 
extending forward along the interior margin of the yellow spot but 
becoming obsolete at its anterior margin, causing the yellow spot to 
be arcuately elevated, in this depression close to the base there is 
also a round deep pit; sides arcuately rounded to basal third, then 
obliquely arcuately narrowed to the anterior margin, which is feebly 
arcuately emarginate, with a broadly rounded lobe at the middle; 
base transversely truncate; side margins narrow, and visible from 
above except near the apical angles; surface densely and very 
coarsely punctate similar to that of the head. Elytra moderately 
convex and slightly flattened on disk, as wide at base as pronotum; 
sides nearly parallel from base to just behind the middle, then arcu- 
ately attenuate to the tips, which are rather narrowly, conjointly 
rounded, the lateral margins strongly serrate posteriorly; humeri 
strongly developed; striae impressed, about as wide as the intervals on 
the disk at base, but becoming narrower toward apex, the punctures 
coarse, deep, oblong and separated from each other in the striae by 
about one-half their length; intervals not elevated, nearly smooth, 
with a single series of distant minute punctures, from which arises 
a rather long erect cinereous hair. Abdomen beneath rather densely, 
but not coarsely punctate, the punctures shallow, widely separated, 
and open on the one side, and from which arises a long semierect 
cinereous hair; intervals obsoletely granulose; last ventral segment 
rather broadly rounded at apex, and without a subapical carina. 
Prosternum more coarsely and deeply punctured than abdomen; an- 
terior margin with an obsolete rectangular lobe at middle, which is 
nearly truncate in front; prosternal process parallel to behind coxae 
and about two times as wide as the coxal cavity. 

Length, 6.5 mm.; width, 2.25 mm. 

Type locality —Cayamas, Cuba. 

Other localities —Camaguey, Cuba. 

Type.—Cat. No. 26802, U.S.N.M. 

Paratype.—Collection of S. C. Bruner. 

45554—25—Proc.N.M.yvol.65—_15 





32 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 65 — 3 


Described from two specimens, probably both females. The type 
was collected by E. A. Schwarz, May 9, 1904, and a paratype received 
from S. C. Bruner, which was collected at Camaguey, Cuba, during 
July or August, 1920, by J. Kutz. 

This is an elongate subcylindrical species and can be separated 
from all other West Indian species of this genus, except jamaicensis, 
by the antennae being serrate from the fourth joint. From jamai- 
censis it differs in having the yellow elytral spots arranged in two 
longitudinal rows, one along the lateral margin, the other near the 
suture. 

ACMAEODERA JAMAICENSIS, new species 


Male—Narrowly elongate, subcylindrical, rounded in front, more 
acuminate posteriorly and feebly flattened above (nearly straight 
below and feebly arcuate above when viewed in profile) ; head and 
pronotum black, with a feeble aeneous tinge, the latter with a large 
triangular reddish-yellow spot, situated on each side at the posterior 
angles, extending internally for about one-third of the width of 
the pronotum, and along the lateral margin to near the apical 
angles; elytra black, with a slight purplish tinge, and each elytron 
ornated with yellow markings as follows: A small spot at base 
near scutellum, a large oblong area along lateral margin, extending 
from humerus to middle, and internally to about the middle of the 
elytron, and enclosing an oblong dark spot, a transverse fascia at 
apical third, an oblique one just behind it, and a small round spot 
at the apex; beneath aeneous, with a strong purplish tinge and 
more shining than above. 

Head nearly flat, with an obsolete depression on the front, and 
a short elevated carina on the occiput; surface densely and coarsely 
punctate, the bottom of the punctures smooth, and from the center 
of each arises an erect inconspicuous hair, the intervals rather nar- 
row, smooth and shining; epistoma broadly and deeply arcuately 
emarginate in front, forming a broadly rounded lobe on each side 
of the emargination; antennate serrate from the fourth joint, the 
serrate joints strongly transverse and acuminate at apex. Pronotum 
rather strongly transverse and moderately convex, nearly two times 
as wide as long, apex and base nearly equal in width, widest just 
behind the middle with a small foveate depression in front of the 
scutellum, and on each side in the yellow area a similar but deeper 
depression, situated a short distance from the base, there is also a 
broad obsolete depression extending from this fovea obliquely for- 
ward toward the lateral margin; sides arcuately rounded, slightly 
more obliquely in front than behind, the margins narrowly flattened 
and only partially visible from above; anterior margin feebly 
arcuately emarginate, with a distinct angulated median lobe: base 





ART. 9 WEST INDIAN BUPRESTIDAE—FISHER aa 


transversely truncate; surface densely and very coarsely punctate, 
the punctures shallow, irregular, and nearly confluent, the sides 
forming a network of polygonal areas, bottom of punctures smooth 
and from each arises a short erect inconspicuous hair. Elytra 
obsoletely flattened above, equal in width to the pronotum at middle, 
and rectangular at humeral angles; sides nearly parallel to behind 
the middle, (feebly sinuate at posterior coxae), then arcuately at- 
tenuate to the tips, which are conjointly rounded, the lateral margins 
serrate to near the base, the teeth fine at the basal regions, but be- 
coming very coarse toward the apex; humeri strongly developed: 
surface striato-punctate, the striae on disk feebly impressed and 
wider than the intervals at base, becoming more deeply impressed 
and narrower toward the apex, the punctures large, very deep, and 
more or less confluent on the basal region, becoming finer and more 
shallow posteriorly, the intervals very narrow and somewhat con- 
stricted in front of middle, but much broaded toward the apex, the 
tops smooth, shining, and with a few fine, remotely placed punctures 
from which arises short erect black hairs. Abdomen beneath densely 
and coarsely punctate, the punctures deeply impressed on the basal 
segments, but becoming smaller, more widely separated and not as 
deeply impressed toward the apex, sparsely clothed with rather long 
recumbent cinereous hairs, the intervals smooth and shining; last 
ventral segment obtusely rounded at apex, and without a subapical 
carina. Prosternum very coarsely and rather densely punctate, and 
sparsely clothed with recumbent cinereous hairs; anterior margin 
with a very feeble median lobe, which is obsoletely arcuately 
emarginate in front; prosternal process parallel to behind the 
anterior coxal cavities, scarcely two times as wide as the cavities, 
and broadly rounded at the apex. 

Length, 7.5 mm.; width, 2.75 mm. 

Type locality —Jamaica. 

Type—British Museum. 

This species is described from a single male received through the 
kindness of the British Museum. It is simply labeled Jamaica with- 
out any additional data and was received under the manuscript 
name jamaicensis, which I have retained for the species. 

It is one of the elongate subcylindrical species and can be sepa- 
rated from all the other West Indian species of this genus, except 
subcylindrica Fisher, by the antennae being serrate from the fourth 
joint. From that species it can be distinguished by the yellow 
elytral markings, which are not broken up into two longitudinal 
rows of small spots, but has a large lateral area behind the humeri 
enclosing a dark spot and with transverse fasciae toward the apex. 


34 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 65 


ACMAEODERA MARGINENOTATA Chevrolat 


Acmaeodera marginenotata CHEVROLAT, Ann. Soc. Ent. France, ser. 4, vol. 7, 
1867, pp. 588-584 (separate pp. 159-160).—GuNpLAcH, Contribucion 
4 la Entom. Cuba, vol. 3, pt. 5, 1891, p. 167, no. 809.—KrrreMANs, Mon. 
Bupr., vol. 2, 1906, pp. 56-57. 

Acmacodera cubaecola Fay, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., vol. 7, 1899, p. 35. (Not 
cubaccola Jacquelin Duval.) 

Broadly elongate, feebly triangular, broadly rounded in front, 
more attenuate posteriorly, and feebly flattened above (nearly 
straight below and broadly arcuate above when viewed in profile) ; 
head and pronotum black, with a slight purplish tinge, the latter 
with a large triangular yellow spot, situated on each side at the pos- 
terior angles; elytra orange-yellow, the suture, apex, and four trans- 
verse spots along the lateral margin black, the black color along 
suture is also expanded into numerous irregular fasciae, which some- 
times extend to the middle of the elytron; beneath black, with a 
strong aeneo-viridis reflection, and ornated with a large round 
median yellow spot at base of first abdominal segment. 

Head flat, with a short elevated carina on the ociput; surface 
coarsely and densely punctate, the punctures rather shallow, nearly 
confluent, and from the center of each arises a rather long semi- 
erect cinereous hair, the intervals narrow and feebly shining; epis- 
toma strongly elevated, very short, and narrow on the top, the 
anterior margin broadly and very deeply arcuately emarginate in 
front, and the lobes on each side of the emargination subtruncate 
and strongly compressed; antennae serrate from the fifth joint. 
Pronotum strongly transverse and moderately convex, twice as 
wide as long, distinctly narrower in front than behind, widest just 
behind the middle, with three large deep basal depressions, one 
median, and one on each side at the inner margin of the yellow spot, 
there is also a narrow transverse depression along the anterior 
margin, more or less interrupted at the middle; sides strongly ob- 
liquely expanded to the middle, then strongly arcuately rounded 
to the posterior angles, which are rectangular, the margins feebly 
flattened posteriorly and visible from above; anterior margin arcu- 
ately emarginate, with a strongly angulated median lobe; base 
transversely truncate; surface densely, coarsely and very deeply 
ounctate, the punctures confluent and irregular in shape, with their 
sides acute on the top and forming a network of polygonal areas, 
bottom of punctures obsoletely granulose, and from which arises 
a short, semi-erect black hair. Elytra convex, feebly flattened on 
top, and sharply deflexed on the sides, distinctly narrower than the 
pronotum at middle, the humeral angles when viewed laterally are 
bent downwar4 into a narrow lobe; sides when viewed from above 
are feebly obliquely narrowed to the apical third, then arcuately 





ART. 9 WEST INDIAN BUPRESTIDAE—FISHER 85 


attenuate to the tips, which are conjointly broadly rounded, the 
lateral margins rather coarsely serrate from apex to the posterior 
coxae; humeri feebly developed; surface with a more or less distinct 
costa on each side at the lateral declivity, the sutural margins rugose, 
with a strongly elevated carina at the middle, and without any 
visible suture between the elytra, the surface is also striato-punctate, 
the striae very wide, the punctures coarse, extremely deep and 
nearly connected in the striae, the intervals between the striae very 
narrow, acute on top, with the surface coarsely granulose, and 
clothed with a few remotely placed, coarse, erect black hairs, the 
striae becoming broader and more convex on the lateral deflexed 
areas. Abdomen beneath densely and coarsely punctate, the punc- 
tures deep and nearly confluent on the basal segments, becoming 
more shallow toward the apex, sparsely clothed with long recumbent 
cinereous hairs, and with the intervals obsoletely granulose; last 
segment broadly rounded at apex, without a subapical carina. Pro- 
sternum coarsely, densely punctate, and sparsely clothed with re- 
cumbent. cinereous -hairs, intervals coarsely and finely granulose; 
anterior margin with a distinct median lobe, which is elevated and 
feebly arcuately emarginate in front; prosternal process strongly 
convex, parallel to behind the anterior coxal cavities, about two 
times as wide as the cavities, and very broadly rounded at the apex. 

Length, 7.5 mm.; width, 3.5 mm. 

Described by Chevrolat (1867) from Cuba and recorded by him 
from the central part of the island, from material in the collections 
of Gundlach and Poey. Gundlach (1891) reports collecting it on 
the flowers of a shrub at Caimanera and Cienfuegos. WKerremans 
(1906) records it from Cuba but states that the species is unknown 
to him. This species is not represented in the Poey collection in 
Philadelphia, but there is a single example labeled No. 809 in the 
Gundlach Museum in Habana, which has not been available for 
study. 

This species seems to be very rare in collections and I have not seen 
any specimens of it from the West Indies, but there is a specimen 
in the United States National Museum from Key Largo, Florida, 
which agrees with the description given by Chevrolat, and from 
which the above description was made. It is a very distinct species. 
extremely coarsely and deeply punctate, sides of the elytra strongly 
deflexed at lateral margins, humeral angles produced into a narrow 
lobe, and with a large yellow basal spot at middle of the first abdo- 
minal segment. In the specimen examined the elytra seem to be 
connate, as no suture could be seen between the two elytron, but on 
account of it being a unique specimen, no dissections could be made. 
This is the specimen recorded by Fall (1899) as cubaecola Jacquelin 
» Duval, based on an identification made by Linell. 


86 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 65 


ACMAEODERA FLAVOMARGINATA (Gray) 

Buprestis flavomarginata Gray, Griffith’s Anim. Kingd., vol. 14, 1832, p. 
358, pl. 31, fig. 2. 

Acmaeodera flavomarginata CHEVROLAT, Coléoptéres du Mexico, Cent. 1, 
1834,—CASTELNAU and Gory, Mon. Bupr., vol. 1, 1835, pp. 2-3, pl. 1, fig. 
2.—Saunpers, Catal. Bupr., 1871, p. 79.—Horn, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 
vol. 7, 1878, p. 8, pl. 1, fig. 4-WatEerHoUsE, Biol. Centr.—Amer. Coleopt., 
vol. 3, pt. 1, 1882, p. 21; 1889, p. 178.—Fatt, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soce., 

5 vol. 7, 1899, p. 8—FLEUTIAUX and Saif, Ann. Soe. Ent. France, ser. 
6, vol. 9, 1890, p. 405 (separates p. 55).—-KERREMANS, Mon. Bupr., vol. 
2, 1906, pp. 31-34. 

Acmaeodera prorima WATERHOUSE, Biol. Centr._Amer. Coleopt., vol. 3, pt. 
1, 1889, pp. 178-179. 

Acmaeodera contigua KERREMANS, Mem. Soc. Ent. Belg., vol. 6, 1897, p. 42. 

Elongate, feebly triangular, broadly rounded in front, more ac- 
cuminate posteriorly, and feebly flattened above (nearly straight be- 
neath and moderately arcuate above when viewed in profile) ; pice- 
ous, with a slight aeneous tinge; pronotum with a lateral yellow 
longitudinal band, not quite touching the lateral margin, and some- 
times abbreviated anteriorly; elytra without @iscal markings, but 
with a yellow marginal band extending from the humeri to a little 
behind the middle, and becoming slightly wider posteriorly, and 
with two transverse reddish or yellowish fasciae near the apex, the 
two fasciae sometimes connected, forming a broad band, and enclos- 
ing one or more small dark spots; beneath more shining than above. 

Head nearly flat, with a broad, moderately deep, oval depression 
on the front, and forming two more or less distinct elevations; 
occiput with a longitudinal carina extending to the frontal depres- 
sion; surface densely and coarsely punctate, the punctures rather 
deep, irregular, and nearly confluent, the sides forming a network of 
polygonal areas, bottom of punctures smooth and from the center 
of which arises a long erect inconspicuous hair; epistoma broadly and 
deeply triangularly emarginate in front, with the lateral angles 
broadly rounded; antennae serrate from the fifth joint. Pronotum 
strongly transverse and moderately convex, two and one-half times 
as wide as long, distinctly narrower in front than behind, widest at 
basal sixth, with a large, rather deep median depression, which is 
broader posteriorly, and with a small very deep depression on each 
side near the base, about midway between the middle and lateral 
margin; sides obliquely expanded from apical angles to basal sixth, 
where they are arcuately rounded, the margins rather broadly flat- 
tened and visible from above; anterior margin deeply arcuately 
emarginate, with a broadly rounded lobe at the middle; base trans- 
versely truncate, the posterior angles obtusely rounded; surface 
densely, coarsely and regularly punctate, the punctures well sepa- 
rated on the disk, but becoming denser and more confluent toward 





ART. 9 WEST INDIAN BUPRESTIDAE—FISHER 37 


the sides, and from each puncture arises a long erect inconspicuous 
hair. Elytra slightly flattened on disk, not quite as wide as pro- 
notum; humeral angles obtusely angulated; sides feebly obliquely 
narrowed to behind the middle, then arcuately attenuate to the tips, 
which are conjointly acutely rounded, the lateral margins coarsely 
serrate posteriorly ; humeri strongly developed ; surface striato-punc- 
tate, the striae impressed, nearly as wide as the intervals on the disk 
at base, becoming much narrower toward the apex, and rather widely 
separated at the sides, the striae punctures deep, coarse, and sepa- 
rated by about their own diameter, becoming finer and more oblong 
toward the apex; intervals flat on the disk, more convex laterally, 
with a single row of distant minute punctures, from which arises 
a rather long erect inconspicuous hair, the fifth interval costate, 
sometimes obsolete apically, but it is always distinct at the base. 
Abdomen beneath rather densely but not coarsely punctate, the punc- 
tures shallow and open posteriorly, and sparsely clothed with long 
inconspicuous hairs, the intervals smooth and shining; last ventral 
segment broadly rounded at apex, without a distinct subapical carina. 
Prosternum more coarsely and deeply punctate than the abdomen; 
anterior margin feebly arcuately emarginate at the middle, with a 
distinct lobe on each side of the emargination; prosternal process 
parallel to behind the anterior coxae, nearly three times as wide as 
the coxal cavity, and feebly broadly rounded at apex. 

Length, 8-13 mm.; width, 3.2-4.75 mm. 

This species was described originally by Gray (1882) from Brazil. 
Saunders (1871), and Fleutiaux and Sallé (1890) record it from 
Guadeloupe. Waterhouse (1889) described the same species from 
Mexico as prowima, and Kerremans (1897) also described the species 
from Guadeloupe under the name of contigua. Only two specimens 
of this species from the West Indies have been examined, and both 
of these were received from the British Museum, one labeled “ Guade- 
loupe (Fairm),” the other Guadeloupe (Plason) and labeled type 
of contigua Kerremans. 

The species is widely distributed from Texas southward to Brazil, 
but so far, has only been recorded from one of the West Indian 
Islands. In a species so widely distributed, a great variation would 
naturally be expected, but the only variation seen in a series of 
specimens examined from widely separated regions, is that of the 
transverse reddish or yellowish fasciae near the apex of the elytra, 
and which has caused it to be described under a number of different 
names. In some specimens the two fasciae are distinctly separated, 
while in others they are more or less connected, forming a broad band 
and enclosing one or more small dark spots. 


38 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 65 
ACMAEODERA CRUENTA (Olivier) 


Buprestis eruenta Oxivier, Entomol., vol. 2, gen. 32, 1790, pp. 48-49, pl- 
3. fig. 21. 
Acmaeodera cruenta CASTELNAU and Gory, Mon. Bupr., vol. 1, 1835, p. 2, 
pl. 1, fig. 1—-MANNERHEIM, Bull. Soe. Imp. Nat. Moscou, vol. 10, no. 8, 
1837, p. 24.—KerrrEMANS, Mon. Bupr., vol. 2, 1906, pp. 50-53. 

Robust, rather short, strongly triangular, broadly rounded in front, 
more acuminate posteriorly, and feebly flattened above, nearly 
straight beneath and moderately arcuate above when viewed in pro- 
file; head and pronotum aeneous, the latter with a large triangular 
reddish-yellow spot, situated on each side along the lateral margin, 
broader posteriorly and not reaching to the apical angles; elytra 
black, with a strong bluish or greenish tinge, each elytron with an 
oblong reddish-yellow spot near apex and ornated with from seven 
to nine rather large irregular yellow spots arranged in two longi- 
tudinal rows, one near the suture, the other along the lateral margin, 
the spots in the lateral row usually consists of a very small one at 
humeral angle, and three transverse ones, one at the basal third, one 
at the middle, and the other at the apical third, those in the sutural 
row vary in number from four to five, irregular in size, and not 
always arranged in a straight line; beneath aeneous, with a distinct 
olivaceous tinge, and more shining than above. 

Head flat, with a distinct longitudinal carina on the occiput; sur- 
face densely and coarsely punctate, the punctures rather deep, ir- 
regular, and nearly confluent, smooth in the bottom, and from the 
center of which arises a long, erect inconspicuous hair, the intervals 
smooth and shining; epistoma broadly arcuately emarginate in front, 
forming a broadly rounded lobe on each side of the emargination; 
antennae serrate from the fifth joint. Pronotum strongly transverse 
and moderately convex, two and one-fourth times as wide as long, 
distinctly narrower in front than behind, widest at base, with a broad 
triangular obsolete depression at the middle along the base, and on 
each side a round, deep, foveate depression, situated a certain dis- 
tance from the base and at the inner margin of the lateral yellow 
spot, which is gibbose; anterior margin very deeply arcuately emar- 
ginate, with an obsolete median lobe; sides arcuately expanded from 
the anterior margin to posterior angles, which are obtuse, the mar- 
gins narrowly flattened, bent under posteriorly, and not visible from 
above, except toward the apical angles; base transversely truncate; 
surface densely and deeply punctate, the punctures fine and rather 
widely separated on the disk, and becoming much coarser and more 
confluent at the sides, especially on the yellow spaces, sparsely 
clothed with long, erect, inconspicuous hairs, intervals smooth and 
shining. Elytra slightly concave on disk, and abruptly declivous on 
the sides and at apex, and slightly wider than pronotum at base: 





ART. 9 WEST INDIAN BUPRESTIDAE—FISHER 39 


humeral angles obtusely angulated; sides obliquely attenuate to 
apical third, then more arcuately attenuate to the tips, which are 
conjointly acutely rounded, the lateral margins coarsely serrate pos- 
teriorly; humeri strongly developed; surface striato-punctate, in the 
concave area the striae are deeply impressed, about one-fourth as 
wide as the intervals, and the punctures fine, elongate and confluent 
in the striae, toward the sides the striae are feebly impressed, nearly 
as wide as the intervals, and the punctures very coarse, and more or 
less confluent; intervals flat on the disk, becoming more convex 
laterally, and with a row of fine, densely placed punctures, from the 
center of which arises a long erect black hair. Abdomen beneath 
densely, finely and rather regularly punctate, and sparsely clothed 
with short erect cinereous hairs, intervals smooth and shining; sec- 
ond segment with a round obsolete depression at middle along an- 
terior margin; last segment broadly rounded at apex; without a 
subapical carina. Prosternum punctate similar to that of the ab- 
domen; anterior margin with a distinct median lobe, which is deeply 
arcuately emarginate in front; prosternal process parallel behind the 
anterior coxae, at least two times as wide as the coxal cavity, and 
broadly rounded at apex. 

Length, 8-11 mm.; width, 4-5 mm. 

Originally described by Oliver (1790) from Santo Domingo. 
Mannerheim (1837) records it from the same island on the foliage of 
Crotinus cascarillae, and from all accounts the distribution of this 
species is restricted to that island. The following material has been 
examined. Coll. U. S. Nat. Mus.: One specimen from Port-au-Prince, 
Haiti (W. L. Rockwell), and another one from the same locality 
collected by R. J. Crew, and received from H. F. Wickham. Coll. 
British Museum: One specimen, Haiti (Saunders 74-18) ; one labeled 
simply St. Domingo, and a third specimen, labeled Haiti (Mus. Paris, 
Chevrolat Coll.). 

In size and form this species resembles pulcherrima Jacquelin 
Duval, but it can be easily separated from that species by the elytra 
having the apex fiery red, and the yellow markings arranged in two 
longitudinal rows on each elytron. 

ACMAEODERA CUBAECOLA Jacquelin Duval 


Acmaeodera cubaecola JACQUELIN DuvAL, in Ramon de la Sagra’s Hist. 
Phys. Polit. et Nat de Vile de Cuba, Anim. Artic., 1857 (French Edi- 
tion), pp. 57-58; (Spanish Edition) vol. 7, 1857, pp. 26—27.—CHREVOLAT. 
Ann. Soe. Ent. France, ser. 4, vol. 7, 1867, p. 583 (separates, p. 159).— 
GuNpbLAcH, Contribution 4a la Entomol., Cuba, vol. 3, pt. 5, 1891, p. 
167, no. 1414.—KerrreMANS, Mon. Bupr., vol. 2, 1906, pp. 61-63, 
pl. 11; fig. 5: 

Narrowly elongate, subcylindrical, rounded in front, more acumi- 
nate posteriorly, and strongly convex above, sinuate below and 


45554—25—Proc.N.M.vol.65——14 


40 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 65 


feebly arcuate above when viewed in profile; head and pronotum 
nigro-aeneous, the latter with a more or less triangular yellowish 
spot, situated on each side along the lateral margin, and not quite 
reaching to the posterior angles nor anterior margin; elytra nigro- 
aeneous, with a strong cyaneous or purplish tinge, and ornated 
with numerous small yellow spots, which are arranged on each 
elytron as follows: A small round one at base near scutellum, a 
narrow longitudinal one along lateral margin behind humerus, and 
strongly sinuate on the inner margin, four small ones on median 
part, arranged obliquely in pairs, and a small spot near the apex, 
sometimes the spots more or less confluent, and with an additional 
one along the suture in front of apex; beneath aeneous, with a 
strong cupreous or brownish tinge. 

Head flat, with a short elevated carina on the occiput; surface 
coarsely and densely punctate, the punctures more or less confluent, 
and the sides forming a network of polygonal areas, the bottom 
of the punctures smooth, and from the center of each puncture arises 
an erect inconspicuous hair; epistoma broadly and rather deeply 
arcuately emarginate in front, forming an arcuately rounded lobe 
on each side of the emargination; antennae serrate from the fifth 
joint. Pronotum moderately transverse, and rather strongly convex, 
one and one-half times as wide as long, distinctly narrower in front 
than behind, widest at basal third, with an obsolete depression at 
middle along base, and on each side near the inner margin of the 
yellow space a deep foveate depression, situated a short distance 
from the base; sides obliquely expanded to basal third, where they 
are arcuately rounded to the posterior angles, which are nearly 
rectangular and bent downward, the margins not flattened, and 
visible from above; anterior margin arcuately emarginate, with a 
broadly rounded median lobe; base transversely truncate; surface 
densely and very coarsely punctate, the punctures shallow, nearly 
confluent, and the intervals smooth and shining, rather densely 
clothed with short erect inconspicuous hairs. Elytra convex, equal 
in width to pronotum at base, and rectangular at humeral angles; 
sides parallel to near apical third, then obliquely attenuate to the 
tips, which are conjointly obtusely rounded, the lateral margins 
rather strongly serrate posteriorly; humeri strongly developed; sur- 
face striato-punctate, the striae on disk feebly impressed and wider 
than the intervals anteriorly, becoming more deeply impressed and 
much narrower toward the apex, the punctures large, round and 
placed close together in the striae on the basal half, but becoming 
much smaller posteriorly, the intervals with a single row of re- 
motely placed small punctures, and with a few short erect hairs. 
Abdomen beneath densely and coarsely punctate, the punctures 





ART. 9 WEST INDIAN BUPRESTIDAE—FISHER 41 


deeply impressed on the basal segments, but becoming more shallow 
toward the apex, and rather densely clothed with long recumbent 
cinereous hairs, intervals smooth and shining; last segment broadly 
rounded or subtruncate at apex, without a subapical carina. Pros- 
ternum coarsely, densely punctate, and sparsely clothed with long 
recumbent hairs; anterior margin with a very feeble median lobe, 
which is truncate in front; prosternal process parallel to behind the 
anterior coxal cavities, and broadly rounded at the apex. 

Length, 8.5-10 mm.; width, 2.75-3.5 mm. 

Described by Jacquelin Duval (1857) from Cuba. Chevrolat 
(1867) records it from the eastern part of the same island from ma- 
terial in the collections of Gundlach, Poey, and Chevrolat. Gund- 
lach (1891) records collecting it on a flowering shrub at Caimanera, 
Cuba, during July. Kerremans (1906) has placed cubaecola listed 
by Fall** from Key Largo, Florida, and pulcherrima by the same 
author 74 from Metacumbe Key, Florida as synonyms of cubaecola, 
but the one listed by Fall as cubaecola is the species described by 
Chevrolat as marginenotata. 

T have been able to examine two specimens of this species from the 
collection of the Academy of Natural Sciences, labeled Cuba (Poey 
Coll. No. 348), which agree with the original description, and from 
which the above description was made. (One of these specimens 
has been donated to the U. S. Nat. Mus. Coll.). There are also two 
examples of this species labeled No. 1419 in the Gundlach Museum in 
Habana, and a single example in the British Museum, which have 
not been examined by the writer. 

The species is closely related to confusa Fisher, but is more par- 
allel and subcylindrical, more convex above, pronotum not sulcate at 
base, and the markings on the elytra are more irregular and not ar- 
ranged in two longitudinal rows of distinct round spots. 


ACMAEODERA CONFUSA, new name 


There seems to have been considerable confusion in the identifica- 
tion of this species by Kerremans, since pulcherrima and cubaecola 
listed by Fall are two radically different species, but neither one 
is the species described by Jacquelin Duval as cubaecola. Kerre- 
mans probably did not see the true cubaecola from the Antilles, as 
he redescribed and figures specimens from the Fenyes collection from 
Key Largo, Florida, which are identical with the specimens listed by 
Fall as pulcherrima from Metacumbe Key, Florida. For the one 
described and figured by Kerremans as cubaecola and listed by Fall 
as pulcherrima, I therefore propose the new name confusa. 





18 Journ, N. Y. Ent. Soc., vol. 7, 1899, p. 35. 
14Tdem, p. 16. 


42 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM | VOL. 65 


ACMAEODERA PULCHERRIMA Jacquelin Duval 


Acmaeodera pulcherrima JACQUELIN DuvAL, in Ramon de la Sagra’s Hist. 
Phys. Polit. et Nat de Vile de Cuba, Anim. Arctic., 1857 (French Hdi- 
tion), pp. 56-57; (Spanish Edition) vol. 7, 1857, p. 26—CHEvRoLat, 
Ann. Soc. Ent. France, ser. 4, vol. 7, 1867, p. 588 (separates p. 159) .— 
GUNDLACH, Contribucion 4 la Entom. Cuba, vol. 3, pt. 5, 1891, pp. 
166-167, no. 808.—F att, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soe., vol. 7, 1899, p. 16.— 
KERREMANS, Mon. Bupr., vol. 2, 1906, pp. 53-54, pl. 11, fig. 3. 

Robust, rather short, strongly triangular, broadly rounded in 
front, more acuminate posteriorly, and rather moderately convex 
above (nearly straight or at most only feebly arcuate beneath, and 
strongly arcuate above when viewed in profile) ; head and pronotum 
aeneous, with a slight cupreous tinge, the latter with an irregular 
reddish-yellow spot, situated on each side along the lateral margin, 
broader posteriorly and not quite reaching to the posterior nor apical 
angles; elytra black, with an aeneous, greenish or cupreous tinge, 
and ornated with numerous small irregular yellow markings, which 
are variable in size and shape, and giving the surface a variegated 
or marbled appearance; beneath aeneous, with a strong cupreous 
tinge, and more shining than above. 

Head flat, feebly depressed on the front, and with a distinct longi- 
tudinal carina on the occiput; surface densely and coarsely punctate, 
the punctures not very deep, smooth in the bottom, and from the cen- 
ter of each arises a short, erect inconspicuous hair, the intervals 
smooth and shining; epistoma broadly arcuately emarginate in front, 
forming an acutely rounded lobe on each side of the emargination; 
antennae serrate from the fifth point. Pronotum strongly trans- 
verse, and moderately convex, two and one-half times as wide as long, 
distinctly narrower in front than behind, widest at base, with an 
obsolete longitudinal median sulcus, a narrow transverse depression 
along the anterior margin, broadly interrupted at the middle, and 
on each side along the inner margin of the yellow space, a broad 
obsolete depression, extending to a round deep fovea situated a 
certain distance from the base; sides strongly obliquely expanded 
from the anterior margin to the posterior angles, which are nearly 
rectangular, the margins narrowly flattened and bent under pos- 
teriorly, and not visible from above except toward the apical angles; 
anterior margin actuately emarginate, with an obsolete median lobe; 
base transversely truncate; surface densely and deeply punctate, the 
punctures fine and distinctly separated on the disk, becoming much 
coarser and more or less confluent toward the side, and sparsely 
clothed with short erect inconspicuous hairs, the intervals smooth and 
shining. Elytra convex, slightly wider than pronotum at base, the 
sutural intervals broadly expanded on the basal half, the disk con- 
vex, smooth and shining; humeral angles nearly rectangular; sides 





ART. 9 WEST INDIAN BUPRESTIDAE—FISHER 43 


obliquely attenuate to the apical third, then more arcuately attenuate 

‘to the tips, which are acute, the lateral margins coarsely serrate 
posteriorly; humeri strongly developed; surface striato-punctate, the 
striae on disk feebly impressed on basal region, about as wide as the 
intervals, but becoming more deeply impressed and distinctly nar- 
rower than the intervals toward the apex, the punctures very coarse 
and nearly confluent anteriorly; intervals smooth and shining, with 
a few fine punctures, from which arises a short recumbent hair. 
Abdomen beneath densely, rather coarsely and regularly punctate, 
and sparsely clothed with short recumbent cinereous hairs, intervals 
smooth and shining; last ventral segment broadly rounded at apex, 
and without a subapical carina. Prosternum punctured similar to 
that of the abdomen; anterior margin with a distinct median lobe, 
which is deeply arcuately emarginate in front; prosternal process 
parallel to behind the anterior coxal cavities, at least two times as 
wide as the cavity, and broadly rounded at the apex. 

Length, 9-12 mm.; width, 4.5-5.5 mm. 

This species was described by Jacquelin Duval (1857) from Cuba. 
Chevrolat (1867) records it from the central and eastern part of the 
same island, from material in the collections of Gundlach, Poey, and 
Chevrolat. Gundlach (1891) records collecting adults on the flowers 
of a shrub at Caimanera and also at the Bay of Guantanamo, Cuba. 
Fall (1899) records three specimens of this species in the collection 
of the United States National Museum from Metacumbe Key, 
Florida, based on identifications made by Linell. These specimens 
are not the species described by Jacquelin Duval as pulcherrima, but 
are confusa Fisher. Kerremans (1906) records it from Cuba, in the 
collection of the Brussels Museum. 

Specimens have been examined from the following Cuban locali- 
ties. Coll. U. S. Nat. Mus.: One specimen, Santiago (J. M. Espin). 
Coll. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist.: One specimen, Rio Seco, San Carlos 
Estate, Guantanamo (Chas. T. Ramsden). Coll. British Mus.: One 
specimen, Cuba (Coll. Chevrolat); and another one without a lo- 
cality, and simply labeled “ Saunders 74-18.” Coll. Acad. Nat. Sci. 
Phila.: Two specimens, Cuba (Poey Coll. No. 931). There are also 
two specimens labeled No. 808 in the Gundlach Museum in Habana, 
which have not been examined. 

There has been considerable confusion in regard to the identifica- 
tion of this species and cubaecola, but the two species are distinctly 
different, pulcherrima is a very broad, triangular species, with the 
pronotum widest at base, while cubaecola is narrow, elongate, and 
subcylindrical, the pronotum widest at middle or basal third, the 
sutural intervals broadly expanded on basal half, and the color mark- 
ings on the elytra are differently arranged. 


44 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 65 
ACMAEODERA WICKHAMI, new species 


Acmaeodera cubaecola WickHAM, Canad. Entomol., vol. 27, 1895, p. 295 
(not cubaecola Jacquelin Duval). 

Male——Rather broadly elongate, feebly triangular, broadly 
rounded in front, strongly acuminate posteriorly and moderately 
convex above (feebly sinuate below and broadly arcuate above when 
viewed in profile) ; head and pronotum aeneous, with a strong cup- 
reous or purplish tinge, the latter with a large, more or less triangu- 
Jar yellow spot situated on each side along the lateral margin, broader 
and more elevated posteriorly, not touching the lateral margin, nor 
extending to the anterior or posterior angles; elytra black, with a 
purplish, greenish or bluish tinge, and each elytron ornated with 
yellow markings as follows: A small round spot at humeral angle, a 
transverse one at base near scutellum, a narrow, irregular transverse 
fascia at basal fourth, a similar one at middle, a more arcuate one 
at apical third, and a smaller one near the apex, all of these fasciae 
are more or less interrupted; beneath aeneous, with a strong cupreous 
or purpureous reflection, and more shining than above. 

Head flat, with a short elevated carina on the occiput; surface 
densely and coarsely punctate, the punctures shallow, more or less 
confluent, and the sides forming a network of polygonal areas, the 
bottom of the punctures smooth and with a short erect hair at the 
middle, the intervals narrow, irregular in shape, smooth and shining 
on the top; epistoma broadly and deeply arcuately emarginate in 
front, forming a broadly rounded lobe on each side of the emargina- 
tion; antennae serrate from the fifth joint. Pronotum strongly 
transverse and moderately convex, two and one-third times as wide 
as long, distinctly narrower in front than behind, widest at base, with 
an obsolete impression in front of the scutellum, a narrow trans- 
verse depression along anterior margin, broadly interrupted at the 
middle, and on each side near the inner margin of the yellow spot, 
a deep foveate depression situated a short distance from the base, 
and a broad obsolete depression extending obliquely toward the 
lateral margin; sides obliquely and feebly arcuately expanded from 
anterior margin to the posterior angles, which are rectangular and 
bent under, the margins narrowly flattened and only visible anteriorly 
from above; anterior margin strongly arcuately emarginate, with 
a feebly rounded median lobe; base transversely truncate; surface 
densely and coarsely punctate, the punctures well separated on the 
disk, but becoming more or less confluent toward the sides, bottom of 
punctures finely granulose and from which arises a short, erect in- 
conspicuous hair, intervals smooth and shining. Elytra strongly 
convex anteriorly, feebly flattened along suture near apex, slightly 
wider than pronotum at base, and rectangular at the humeral angles; 





ART. 9 WEST INDIAN BUPRESTIDAE—FISHER 45 


sides arcuately expanded behind the humeral angles, then arcuately 
attenuate to the tips (feebly sinuate at posterior coxae), apex rather 
broadly rounded, lateral margins coarsely serrate posteriorly ; humeri 
strongly developed; surface striato-punctate, the striae on disk 
wider than the intervals at the basal region, feebly impressed except 
on the flattened space near apex, where they are more deeply im- 
pressed, the punctures large, deep, and closely placed in the striae, 
the intervals smooth, with a single row of remotely placed fine punc- 
tures, from which arises a very short erect hair, sutural intervals 
broadly expanded at the basal half. Abdomen beneath coarsely and 
densely punctate, the punctures smaller and less impressed on the 
apical segments sparsely clothed with rather long recumbent cinere- 
ous hairs, intervals smooth and shining; last segment subtruncate 
at apex, without a subapical carina. Prosternum punctuation similar 
to that of the abdomen; anterior margin with a distinct median lobe, 
which is broadly arcuately emarginate in front; prosternal process 
parallel to behind the anterior coxal cavities, scarcely two times as 
wide as the cavities, and broadly rounded at the apex. 

Length, 8-8.5 mm.; width, 3.5-3.75 mm. 

Type locality Eleuthera, Bahamas. 

Type and paratype—Cat. No. 26803, U.S.N.M. 

Described from two males collected by H. F. Wickham on the 
island of Eleuthera, one of the Bahamas, between July 9 and 15, 
and is the species recorded by him in the Canadian Entomologist as 
cubaecola Jacquelin Duval. 

This is one of the subtriangular species, not as broadly triangular 
as cruenta and pulcherrima, but more so than gundlachi Fisher, and 
can be separated from the other species of the genus found in the 
West Indies by the characters given in the key. 





ACMAEODERA GUNDLACHI, new species 


Male—Rather broadly elongate, subcylindrical, broadly rounded 
in front, more strongly attenuate posteriorly, and feebly flattened 
above, nearly straight below and broadly arcuate above when viewed 
in profile, aeneous, with a strong purplish or greenish tinge on the 
pronotum and elytra, the former with an oblong yellow spot on each 
side, which does not attain the base nor apex; each elytron ornated 
with small irregular yellow spots as follows: A rather large irregu- 
lar spot behind the humerus, extending along the inner margin, but 
more or less broken along the lateral margin, a small round spot 
behind the humerus, situated closer to the suture than the lateral 
margin, a rather wide transverse arcuate fascia at middle, extend- 
ing from the lateral margin to middle of disk, then turning obliquely 
forward for a short distance, a narrow transverse fascia at apical 
third, extending nearly to the suture, a narrow oblique one at apical 


46 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 65 


fifth, and a small spot near the apex. Beneath aeneous, with a strong 
purplish tinge. 

Head nearly flat, with a broad obsolete depression on the front, 
and a very short elevated carina on the occiput; surface densely and 
coarsely punctate, the punctures rather shallow, and narrowly sepa- 
rated from each other, and from each puncture arises a rather long, 
erect inconspicuous hair, the intervals smooth; epistoma broadly and 
deeply arcuately emarginate in front, forming an obtusely angulated 
lobe on each side of the emargination; antennae serrate from the 
fifth joint. Pronotum strongly transverse, moderately convex, two 
time as wide as long, distinctly narrower in front than behind, 
widest at base, with a narrow obsolete depression along the anterior 
margin, broadly interrupted at the middle, and with three more or 
less obsolete basal depressions, one median, and one on each side at 
the inner margin of the yellow spot, which is not elevated; sides 
obliquely expanded from anterior margin to posterior angles, which 
are rectangular, the margins very narrowly flattened, and not visible 
posteriorly from above; anterior margin feebly arcuately emarginate, 
with a distinct angulated lobe at middle; base transversely truncate; 
surface densely and coarsely punctate, the punctures finer and more 
widely separated on the disk, becoming coarser, deeper, and more 
narrowly separated toward the sides, and from each puncture arises 
a long, erect inconspicuous black hair, intervals smooth and shining. 
Kytra moderately convex, slightly flattened on the disk posteriorly, 
slightly wider than pronotum at base; sides slightly expanded behind 
the humeral angles, feebly sinuate and obliquely attenuate to the apical 
third, then rather strongly arcuately attenuate to the tips, which are 
conjointly, rather broadly rounded, the lateral margins coarsely 
serrate, the teeth irregular and widely separated; humeri strongly 
developed; surface striato-punctate, the striae impressed toward the 
apex, about as wide as the intervals on the basal region, but becom- 
ing narrower on the flattened apical areas, the punctures large, 
deep, and irregularly placed in the striae, becoming finer and more 
elongate near the apex, the intervals not elevated, smooth, and with 
a single row of distant punctures, from which arises a rather long, 
semierect hair. Abdomen beneath sparsely and rather finely punc- 
tate, the punctures much coarser and more widely separated on the 
basal segment, becoming finer toward the apical segment, and rather 
densely clothed with long semierect cinereous hairs, intervals 
smooth; last segment subtruncate at apex, and without a subapical! 
carina. Prosternum coarsely and densely punctate, and sparsely 
pubescent; anterior margin with a narrow rectangular lobe at middle, 
which is elevated and truncate in front; prosternal process parallel 
to behind the anterior coxal cavities, nearly three times as wide as. 
the cavities, and very broadly rounded at the apex. 


ART. 9 WEST INDIAN BUPRESTIDAE—FISHER 47 


Length, 8.5 mm.; width, 3.5 mm. 

Type locality.—Guanica, Porto Rico. 

Other localities——Anasco, Santa Rita, Tallaboa, Aibonito, and 
Martin Pena, all in Porto Rico. 

Types and paratypes.—Cat. No. 26804, U.S.N.M. 

Paratypes also in American Museum Natural History; Carnegie 
Museum; Academy Natural Sciences, Philadelphia; British Museum; 
Porto Rico Experimental Station at Rio Pedras; and also in the 
collection of G. B. Merrill. 

This species is described from a series of 15 specimens collected 
at the following localities in Porto Rico. The type and paratypes 
A, B, and C, collected at Guanica, April 15, 1914, by G. B. Merrill; 
paratype D, collected at the same locality June 5, 1920, by G. N. 
Wolcott; paratypes E, F, and G, collected at Anasco, September, 
1913, by E. G. Smyth; paratypes H and I, collected at Santa Rita, 
July, 1918, by E. G. Smyth; and paratypes J, K, and L, collected 
at Martin Pena, July 10, 1917, by R. T. Cotton. Coll. Amer. Mus. 
Nat. Hist.: Paratype M collected at Aibonito, July 15, 1914, by F. E. 
Watson, and a paratype N collected at Tallaboa, near Ponce, July 23, 
1914, by Harry G. Barber. 

This species is quite variable in size, form and elytral markings. 
Paratypes B, H, I, K, and N, agree very closely with the type in 
size, form and markings; paratype D is not quite as triangular, more 
flattened above, pronotum more longitudinally sulcate at middle, and 
the elytral markings are not quite as numerous; paratypes E, F, L, 
and M, are slightly smaller, and more parallel and subcylindrical; 
paratypes A, C, G, and J, have the color much darker, and the yellow 
markings are more or less obliterated. 


Genus PSILOPTERA Solier 


Psiloptera Sorter, Ann Soc. Ent. France, ser. 1, vol. 2, 1833, pp. 283-284, 
pl. 11, fig. 18—CastELNAU and Gory, Mon. Bupr., vol. 2, 1837-1838, 
Buprestis, pp. 20-77, pls. 5-19.—LaAcorpairE, Gen. Col., vol. 4, 1857, 
pp. 27-30.—KERREMANS, Wytsman’s Gen. Insectorum, fase. 12, pt. 2, 
1903, pp. 90-103; Mon. Bupr., vol. 5, 1910-1911, pp. 1-566, pls. 27-382. 

Lampetis, DEJEAN, Cat. Coleopt., 2 ed., 1833, p. 76; 3 ed., 1836, p. 86.— 
SprnoLA, Ann. Soc. Ent. France, vol. 6, 1837, p. 118. 

Head rugose, sometimes feebly depressed, and wider in front 
than on the vertex; front not narrowed by the insertion of the 
antennae; epistoma short, broadly and rather deeply emarginate in 
front; antennal cavities small, triangular, and armed posteriorly by 
a strongly elevated, oblique carina, and situated at some distance 
from the inner margin of the eyes. Antennae moderately long; first 
joint rather short and robust; second and third very short, globular 
more slender than the first, the third sometimes slightly longer than 


48 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 65 ; 


the second; fourth and fifth elongate about equal in length, the fifth 
sometimes feebly enlarged and angulated at the apex; sixth to tenth 
moderately dentate on the inner side and subtriangular; eleventh 
oblong and rounded at apex; the dentate joints armed with pori- 
ferous pores and foveae on both sides of the joints. Eyes large, 
elliptical, strongly convex, and slightly closer to each other on the 
vertex than at the front. Pronotum wider than long, variable in 
shape, base bisinuate, and the surface sometimes with smooth shining 
areas. Scutellum very small and rounded. Elytra very variable, 
base sinuate, sides smooth posteriorly, sometimes dentate, with the 
apex emarginate, bidentate or obliquely truncate. Sternal cavity 
formed by the mesosternum and metasternum; mesosternum divided, 
the lateral branches long and feebly oblique; metasternum truncate 
in front, only feebly emarginate at middle, and with a narrow 
longitudinal median groove on the disk. Prosternum variable; 
anterior margin truncate, sinuate or lobed; prosternal process rather 
broad, feebly convex and with a groove along the lateral margins. 
Abdomen with the first segment broadly sulcate at middle. Posterior 
coxae strongly dilated internally, the anterior margin sinuate, and 
the posterior margin more or less emarginate on the interior dilated 
part. Legs feebly robust; anterior and middle femora feebly 
swollen at middle, the posterior ones subcylindrical and feebly 
flattened on both sides; tibiae subcylindrical, the anterior ones 
sometimes feebly arcuate; tarsi depressed, rather broad, the first 
joint of the anterior pair not longer than the second joint. Body 
very variable. 

This is a very large genus and includes nearly 500 described 
species, which are distributed throughout the warmer parts of the 
world, with the exception of Australia and Oceania. Only a few 
species are found in Malaysia, where they are replaced by the genus 
Chrysodema. Fight species have been found in the West Indies, 
two of which are described in the present paper. Kerremans has 
divides the genus into four subgenera, but all of the West Indian 
species, except fulgida Olivier, belong to the subgenus Lampetis 
Dejean, which is separated from the other subgenera by the pros- 
terum not produced at the middle, but with the anterior margin 
truncate, lobed or feebly sinuate; epistoma short, not separated on 
the front by a transverse carina, and not declivous in front, nor con- 
tracted on the sides. A large number of genera have been placed as 
synonyms of this genus by Kerremans, but since their distribution 
do not apply to the fauna covered by the present paper, the citations 
are omitted. 

KEY TO THE SPECIES 


1. Prosternum produced: in front. (Guadeloupe. )=--~------ fulgida (Olivier). 
Prosternum: not: produced: in, front. 22 tee se ee ee ee 2 


arr, 9 WEST INDIAN BUPRESTIDAE—FISHER 49 


to 


. Pronotum very rugose, with more or less distinct, longitudinal or transverse 


Smooth SpACeS4 a. we te eee esl ee ne) eel, ae sites Ware 3! 
Pronotum without longitudinal or transverse smooth spaces; surface rather 
densely punctures. (Lesser Antilles.)___._ guildini Castelnau and Gory. 

3. Elytra with a longitudinal lateral groove, which is usually filled with a 
dense? pulwvierwulence Lvicie Ai eho kh ETE a OE Ld 4, 
Eilytra, without; 2 longitudinal grooves. ae <2. 2-24 33 ee ee ee 5. 
4. Reliefs on pronotum and elytra dark green, the depressions bronzy-green, 
and more. or less*purplish: (Cuba?) =~. = torquata (Dalman). 


Reliefs on pronotum and elytra brownish-black, with a feeble cupreous tinge, 
and the depressions olive green or aeneous. (Jamaica.) 
var. jamaicensis Fisher. 
» eronotumlongitudinally, suleate at, middless 2423 A see 6. 
Pronotum not longitudinally suleate at middle__________________________ ie 
6. Reliefs on pronotum green or violaceous; elytra dark green, with a strong 
violaceous tinge, the intervals and striae interrupted by numerous distinct 
aureo-cupreous punctured spaces. (Haiti.) --___-_____ aurifer (Olivier). 
Reliefs pronotum black; elytra more obliquely acuminate posteriorly, aeneo- 
cupreous, sometimes feebly purplish, the intervals and striae not distinctly 
interrupted by irregular transverse punctured spaces. (Haiti.) 
aurata (Saunders). 
7. Pronotum with three distinct smooth spaces; elytra aeneo-cupreous, some- 
times with a reddish tinge, and with numerous small depressions which 
are densely covered with a white pulverulence; body beneath with the 
median, parts),fiery.. red: <(Cubas)--2 Se. abetareerse straba Chevrolat. 
Pronotum without distinct smooth spaces; elytra bluish, purplish or rubi- 
nous, and without depressed pulverulent spaces; body beneath aeneo- 
cupreous, with a slight bluish or purplish tinge. (Bahamas.) 
bahamica Fisher. 


PSILOPTERA (PSILOPTERA) FULGIDA (Olivier) 


on 


Buprestis fulgida Ovitvier, Entomol., vol. 2, gen. 32, 1790, pp. 10-11, pl. 7, 
fig. 69.—Herrsst, Nat. Syst. Ins. Kiifer, vol. 9, 1801, pp. 85-87, pl. 142, 
fig. 4. 

Psiloptera fulgida CASTELNAU and Gory, Mon. Bupr., vol. 2, 1837, Bu- 
prestis, pp. 24-25, pl. 6, fig. 24-—FLEuTIAUX and SaLif£, Ann. Soc. Ent. 
France, ser. 6, vol. 9, 1890, p. 405. (separates p. 55).—KERREMANS, 
Mon. Bupr., vol. 5, 1910, pp. 21-22. 

Buprestis viridiaurea SCHONHERR, Syn. Ins., vol. 1, pt. 3, 1817, p. 215. 


The following is a translation of Olivier’s original description: 


Of a brilliant golden green, with a cupreous tinge; elytra striate 
and bidentate. 

It resembles very closely in form and size Buprestis collaris. 
Antennae aeneous and serrate. Body rugose, and of a brilliant golden 
green color. Prothorax impressed on the upper part; surface rugose, 
green, with the smooth parts coppery red. Elytra feebly rugose, 
striate, golden green, with the elevations of the striae coppery red; 
apex truncate and bidentate. Body beneath rugose, shining, the 
median parts coppery red and very brilliant. Legs green, with the 
tarsi bluish. 

Tt is found in Guadeloupe, where it has been collected by the late 
Mr. Badier. In the collection of Gigot D’Orcy. 


50 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 65 


Originally described by Olivier (1790) from Guadeloupe, and is 
recorded from the same locality by Fleutiaux and Sallé (1896). 
Castelnau and Gory (1837), and also Kerremans (1910) record it 
from Cayenne, French Guiana, without refering to the type locality, 
which they have probably overlooked. No specimens have been seen 
which would apply to the description given for this species. Kerre- 
mans** records a specimen of Psiloptera variolosa Fabricius from 
Guadeloupe in the Paris Museum, which probably is this species. 


PSILOPTERA (LAMPETIS) GUILDINI Castelnau and Gory 


Psiloptera guildini CASTELNAU and Gory, Mon. Bupr., vol. 2, 1837, Buprestis, 
pp. 41-42, pl. 10, fig. 51—Kerremans, Mon. Bupr., vol. 5, 1910, p. 144. 

Form broadly elongate, attentuate and broadly rounded in front, 
more acuminate posteriorly; elytra without marginal grooves; sur- 
face uniformly blue or bluish-green above and beneath; tarsi vio- 
laceous. 

Head nearly flat; occiput with a narrow longitudinal groove; 
surface strongly and very irregularly rugose, the elevations broadly 
convex, irregular in size and shape, covering the entire surface, and 
densely, rather coarsely granulose, the depressions coarsely, sparsely 
and irregularly punctate, and from each puncture arises a short, 
erect hair; epistoma broadly and rather deeply arcuately emargi- 
nate at the middle, with an obtuse tooth on each side of the emar- 
gination. Pronotum about one and three-fourth times as wide as 
long, distinctly narrower in front than behind, widest along basal 
third; sides strongly obliquely expanded from anterior margin to 
basal third, then nearly parallel (feebly sinuate) to the posterior 
angles, which are acute; anterior margin nearly truncate, with only 
an obsolete median lobe; base bisinuate, with a very broad, moder- 
ately rounded median lobe; lateral margins rounded in front ‘and 
feebly crenulate posteriorly ; surface regularly convex, without trans- 
verse or longitudinal elevations, feebly impressed in front of scutel- 
lum, coarsely and irregularly punctate, the punctures deep, and 
becoming somewhat confluent toward the sides; intervals finely and 
densely granulose. Scutellum very small, transverse, and finely 
granulose. Elytra slightly wider than pronotum at base, feebly 
expanded behind the humeral angles, which are obtusely angulated, 
parallel to apical third, then arcuately attenuate to the tips, which 
are truncate and feebly emarginate; lateral margins entire, or at 
most, only obsoletely crenulate near humeral angles; surface striato- 
punctate, the striae feebly impressed, and the punctures rather 
coarse and distinctly separated, intervals feebly convex and obsolete- 
ly granulose, the striae and intervals are interrupted by numerous 





1% Mon. Bupr., vol. 5, 1910, pp. 113-114. 





ART. 9 WEST INDIAN BUPRESTIDAE—FISHER 51 


small irregular depressions, which are finely, densely rugose, and 
sparsely clothed with short inconspicuous cinereous hairs, and more 
or less covered with pulverulence of the same color. Abdomen be- 
neath coarsely and irregularly punctate, becoming feebly longitudi- 
nally rugose at the sides, and rather densely clothed with short re- 
cumbent cinereous hairs; first segment feebly longitudinally sulcate 
at middle; last segment at apex, broadly rounded in the female, 
substruncate in the male. Prosternum strongly convex, not sulcate 
along the anterior margin, which is truncate, the surface rather 
densely and coarsely punctate and sparsely clothed with incon- 
spicuous hairs; prosternal process broad, flat, and sparsely and very 
coarsely punctured at middle, with a deep marginal groove, which 
is sparsely, coarsely punctate, and sparsely clothed with a row of 
erect inconspicuous hairs, sides parallel to behind the anterior coxal 
cavities, then abruptly attenuate, and deeply arcuately emarginate 
to the apex, which is subtruncate, or feebly rounded. 

Length, 22-28 mm.; width, 8.5-10.5 mm. 

Castelnau and Gory (1837) described this species from St. Vin- 
cent, and it seems to be rare in collections. Material has been ex- 
amined from the following localities. Coll. British Mus.: One speci- 
men, Grand Ance, south end, Grenada; one specimen, Mustique 
Island, Grenadines (H. H. Smith); and another labeled Antilles, 
Trinidad (Fry Coll. 1905-100). Coll. U. S. Nat. Mus.: One speci- 
men, Grenada, August 2. 1906 (R. D. Amstead, collector, Ballou No. 
800). 

This species is similar in shape to aurata Saunders, but can be 
readily distinguished from any other West Indian species of this 
genus by the uniform blue or bluish-green color above and by the 
absence of longitudinal and transverse smooth spaces on the pro- 


notum. 
PSILOPTERA (LAMPETIS) TORQUATA (Dalian) 


Buprestis torquata DaLMAN, Anal. Ent., 18382, p. 54—JAcQUELIN DUVAL, 
in Ramon de la Sagra’s Hist. Phys. Polit. et Nat. de Vile de Cuba, 
Anim. Artie., 1857 (French Edition), p. 59; (Spanish Edition) vol. 7, 
1857, p. 27. 

Psiloptera torquata CASTELNAU and Gory, Mon. Bupr., vol. 2, 1837, 
Buprestis, p. 36, pl. 9, fig. 42—CHeEvroLat, Ann. Soc. Ent. France, ser. 
4, vol. 7, 1867, p. 576 (separates p. 152).—GuwnpLacuH, Contribucion 
a la Entom. Cuba, vol. 3, pt. 5, 1891, p. 159. KErrEMANS, Mon. Bupr., 
vol. 5, 1910, pp. 55-56. 

Buprestis aulica DrsEAN, Cat. Coleopt., 2 ed. 1833, p. 76; 3 ed. 1836, p. 86. 
(No description given.) 

Form broadly elongate, attentuate and broadly rounded in front, 
and more acuminate posteriorly; head dark green; pronotum dark 
green, with two transverse arcuate impressions, which are densely 
covered with a golden-yellow pulverulence, one along the anterior 


52 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 6% 


margin, rather broadly interrupted at the middle, the other near the 
base; scutellum bronzy-green; elytra with a longitudinal groove 
along the lateral margins, which is covered with a golden-yellow pul- 
verulence similar to that on the pronotum, the reliefs dark green, 
and the depressions bronzy green margined with purple; beneath 
olive-green on the median parts, becoming purplish toward the 
sides. 

Head nearly flat; surface strongly rugose, the reliefs rather broad, 
irregular, and densely granulate, the depressions filled with dense 
whitish pulverulence and sparsely clothed with rather long, erect 
hairs, which are more abundant along the eyes; epistoma broadly but 
not deeply arcuately emarginate in front, and with an obtuse tooth 
on each side of the emargination. Pronotum one and three-fourths 
times as wide as long, slightly narrower in front than behind, widest 
at base; sides broadly arcuately rounded from the anterior margin 
to near the base, then obliquely expanded to the posterior angles, 
which are acute; anterior margin arcuately emarginate, with a feebly 
rounded median lobe; base bisinuate, with a very large rounded me- 
dian lobe; lateral margins more or less crenulate; surface with the 
transverse elevations densely granulose, becoming finely rugose 
toward the sides, and with coarse punctures in the depressions, which 
are covered by the pulverulence. Scutellum transversely oval and 
obsoletely granulated. Elytra wider than pronotum at base, arcu- 
ately expanded behind humeral angles, obsoletely attenuate to be- 
hind the middle, then more strongly arcuately attenuate to the tips, 
which are truncate and feebly emarginate; lateral margins coarsely 
crenulate near base, but entire posteriorly; humeral angles broadly 
rounded; surface striato-punctate, the striae interrupted at the sides 
and base, the punctures coarse and irregularly placed, and sparsely 
clothed with a few short recumbent hairs, the intervals feebly con- 
vex, and interrupted. Abdomen coarsely and sparsely punctate on 
the median parts (posterior margin of punctures not well defined), 
but becoming scabrous on the sides of the basal segment, sparsely 
clothed with long recumbent cinereous hairs on the median parts, 
the pubescence denser and mixed with a whitish pulverence toward 
the sides; intervals finely and densely granulose; first segment rather 
broadly and deeply sulcate at middle; last segment broadly rounded 
at apex. Prosternum transversely concave along anterior margin, 
which is broadly truncate and obsoletely sinuate at middle, the sur- 
face coarsely rugose; prosternal process feebly convex, nearly 
smooth, with a deep marginal groove, which is rather densely punc- 
tate at bottom, and sparsely clothed with rather long erect hairs, the 
sides feebly expanded behind the anterior coxal cavities, then ob- 
liquely attenuate to the apex, which is broadly rounded. 

Length, 16-27 mm.; width, 6-10 mm. 


ART. 9 WEST INDIAN BUPRESTIDAE—FISHER 53 


This species was described by Dalman (1832) from Cuba. Chev- 
rolat (1867) records it from all parts of Cuba, in the collections of 
Gundlach, Poey, and Chevrolat. Gundlach (1891) records it as 
being distributed throughout the entire island of Cuba, and reports 
it taken a number of times on the stems of the “Icaco.” Kerremans 
(1910) records it from Cuba and Jamaica, but the latter locality 
applies to the variety described in the present paper. 

Material has been examined from the following localities: Coll. 
Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist.: Four specimens, labeled Santiago de Cuba, 
without additional data; one specimen, Santiago, Cuba, September 
6, 1903 (Wirt Robinson); one specimen, Cienfuegos, Cuba (Dr. 
Eugenio Cuesta); and another one from Aguadores, on the coast 
near Santiago de Cuba, August 25, 1908 (Chas. T. Ramsden). Coll. 
Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.: Two specimens, Cuba (Poey Coll. No. 12). 
Coll. British Museum: One specimen, Cuba (Coll. Chevrolat) ; and 
another one labeled simply Cuba. Coll. Carnegie Mus.: One speci- 
men, Nueva Gerona, Isle of Pines, August 30, 1912. Coll. S. C. 
Bruner: One specimen, Cienaga de Zapata, Cuba, July 9, 1920. Coll. 
U. S. Nat. Mus.: Six specimens from Cayamas, Cuba, collected be- 
tween December and May by E. A. Schwarz. There are also two 
specimens of this species labeled No. 2 in the Gundlach Museum in 
Habana, which have not been examined. 

This seems to be the most common species of this genus found in 
the West Indies, and can be separated from all the other species 
from that region, except the variety jamaicensis, by the elytra hav- 
ing a distinct longitudinal groove along the lateral margins, which 
is usually filled with a dense yellowish pulverulence. From the 
variety it can be separated by the color. 


PSILOPTERA (LAMPETIS) TORQUATA, var. JAMAICENSIS, new variety 


Similar in shape and structure to torquata, but differs from it in 
the color. Elevations above brownish-black, with a feeble cupre- 
ous tinge when viewed in certain lights, and the depressed areas 
olive-green or aeneous; beneath olivaceous, with a strong cupreous 
reflection. 

Length, 18-30 mm.; width, 6.5-12 mm. 

Type locality—Pallisadoes, Kingston, Jamaica. 

Type, allotype, and paratypes Carnegie Museum. 

Paratypes.—Cat. No. 26805, U.S.N.M. One paratype in British 
Museum. 

This variety described from 9 specimens, four males and four 
females received the Carnegie Museum, which were collected at the 
type locality October 1898, and one male from the British Museum 
labeled Jamaica, without a definite locality. 


54 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 65 


After examining a large series of specimens from both Cuba and 
Jamaica, it seems advisable to separate the form found in Jamaica 
from the typical torquata, and give it a new varietal name. 


PSILOPTERA (LAMPETIS) AURIFER (Olivier) 


Buprestis aurifer Outivier, Entomol., vol. 2, gen. 32, 1790, pp. 13-14, pl. 9, 
fig. 95.—Hersst, Nat. Syst. Ins. Kifer, vol. 9, 1801, p. 185, pl. 140, fig. 7. 

Buprestis aurifera Fasricius, Syst. Eleuth., vol. 2, 1801, p. 191.—Scuon- 
HERR, Syn. Ins., vol. 1, pt. 3, 1817, p. 219.—JacqurELIN DuvaAL, in Ramon 
de la Sagra’s Hist. Phys. Polit. et Nat. de l’ile de Cuba, Anim. Artic., 
1857 (French Edition), p. 58; (Spanish Edition) vol. 7, 1857, p. 27. 

Psiloptera aurifera CHEVROLAT, Ann. Soc. Ent. France, ser. 4, vol. 7, 1867, 
pp. 575-576 (separates pp. 151-152).—GunpLacu, Contribucion 4 la 
Entom. Cuba, vol. 3, pt. 5, 1891, pp. 158-159. 

Psiloptera amethystipes CASTELNAU and Gory, Mon. Bupr., vol. 2, 1837, 
Buprestis, p. 37, pl. 9, fig. 43. 

Psiloptera wurtembergi MANNERHEIM, Bull. Soc. Imp. Nat. Moscou, vol. 
10, No. 8, 1837, pp. 49-50.—DersrEan, Cat. Coleopt., 2 ed. 1833, p. 76; 
3 ed., 18386, p. 86. 

Psiloptera aurifer KERREMANS, Mon. Bupr., vol. 5, 1910, pp. 57-58. 


Form broadly elongate, attenuate and broadly rounded in front, 
and more acuminate posteriorly; head golden-green; pronotum 
dark green, with a strong purplish tinge, the depressions golden- 
green and arranged as follows: A longitudinal median one, broader 
posteriorly and feebly interrupted in front of middle, a rather 
broad one on each side along anterior margin, a narrow one along 
lateral margin but not reaching to the posterior angles, and a 
transversely oblique one behind the middle; scutellum and elytra 
dark green, with a strong purplish tinge, the latter without marginal 
grooves, but with numerous irregular transverse impressions, which 
are aureo-cupreous; beneath aeneo-viridis, with the reliefs of a 
beautiful violaceous color. 

Head nearly flat, surface strongly, irregularly rugose on the me- 
dian parts, the elevations broadly convex, smooth and shining on 
top, there is a rather wide even area along the margin of the eyes, 
which is densely, coarsely punctate, surface also densely clothed with 
long semi-erect hairs, and usually covered with a dense pale yellow 
pulverulence; epistoma broadly, but not deeply arcuately emargi- 
nate in front, and with an obtuse tooth on each side of the emargi- 
nation. Pronotum one and three-fourths times as wide as long, 
slightly narrower in front than behind, middle and base about 
equal in width; sides feebly arcuately rounded from anterior mar- 
gin to near base, then obliquely expanded to the posterior angles, 
which are acute; anterior margin arcuately emarginate, with a 
broadly rounded median lobe; base feebly bisinuate, with the me- 
dian lobe very broad and feebly rounded; lateral margins strongly 


ia 


ART. 9 WEST INDIAN BUPRESTIDAE—FISHER 5a 


crenulate to near the posterior angles; surface with the reliefs very 
finely granulose, with a few coarse irregularly placed punctures, the 
depressions coarsely and densely punctate, each puncture with a 
small round elevation, in the middle of which arises a short incon- 
spicuous hair, the depressions are also usually covered with a pale 
yellow pulverulence. Scutellum transverse, more or less depressed 
at middle, and the surface densely granulose. Elytra wider than 
pronotum at base, strongly arcuately expanded behind the humeral 
angles, nearly parallel to near the apical third, then arcuately at- 
tenuate to the tips, which are truncate, and very feebly sinuate or 
emarginate; lateral] margins very coarsely crenulate on the basal 
expanded parts, and entire posteriorly; humeral angles broadly 
rounded; surfaces striato-punctate, the striae feebly impressed. and 
the punctures coarse, shallow and remotely placed, intervals feebly 
convex and finely granulose, the striae and intervals interrupted by 
numerous transverse irregular depressions, which are coarsely and 
densely punctate, rather densely clothed with short inconspicuous 
hairs, and usually covered with a pulverulence similar to that on 
the pronotum. Abdomen beneath with numerous irregular flattened 
elevations, the depressions densely, coarsely punctate, somewhat ru- 
gose, and becoming strongly scabrous on the sides of the basal seg- 
ment, the depressions are also rather densely clothed with long re- 
cumbent cinereous hairs, and the punctuation usually concealed by 
the dense pulverulence; first segment broadly and rather deeply 
longitudinally sulcate at middle; last segment at apex broadly 
rounded in female, and subtruncate and feebly sinuate in the male. 
Prosternum not transversely concave along anterior margin, which 
is truncate or very feebly emarginate at middle; surface sparsely 
and very coarsely punctate; prosternal process broad, feebly convex, 
smooth at middle, with a deep marginal groove, which is rather 
densely punctate and sparsely clothed with a row of long erect cine- 
reous hairs, sides parallel to behind the anterior coxal cavities, then 
strongly attenuate, and arcuately emarginate to the apex, which is 
very broadly rounded. 

Length, 17-27 mm.; width, 6-11mm. 

Originally described by Olivier (1790) from a specimen which 
he believed was found at Cayenne, Guiana, and this locality was 
quoted by all of the older writers. The same species was also de- 
scribed from Haiti by Castelnau and Gory (1837) under the name 
amethystipes. Mannerheim (1837) described a species from Santo 
Domingo under the name wurtembergi and recorded it from 
Cephalantho salicifolia. Kerremans has placed this species as a 
synonym of torquata Dalman, but it is certainly not that species, 
but should be placed as a synonym of awrifer Olivier. Jacquelin 


56 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL. 65 


Duval (1857) records it from Santo Domingo and Cuba. Chevrolat 
(1867) also records it from Santo Domingo, in the collection of 
Chevrolat, and from Cuba in the collection of Dejean. Gundlach 
(1891) states that it is very doubtful from Cuba, but that it is 
found in Santo Domingo. Kerremans (1910) records it from Port 
au Prince, Haiti, in the Paris Museum, Brussels Museum, and the 
collections of Théry and Kerremans. This species is without any 
doubt confined to Santo Domingo, and the records given by Chey- 
rolat and Jacquelin Duval of a specimen in the Dejean collection 
from Cuba, probably is based on aulica, which is a synonym of 
torquata, as Dejean never recorded a specimen in -his collection 
under the name of awrifer. 

Specimens have been examined from the following localities. 
Coll. British Mus.; One specimen, Antilles, Santo Domingo (Fry 
Coll.) ; one specimen St. Domingo (Parry, Saunders 74-18); and 
one specimen, Port au Prince, Haiti. Coll. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist.: 
One specimen labeled simply Haiti (E. Lemke). Coll. U. S. Nat. 
Mus.: Two specimens, Port au Prince, Haiti (C. Bencomo, and 
W. L. Rockwell). 


PSILOPTERA (LAMPETIS) AURATA (Saunders) 


Psiloptera aurifera CASTELNAU and Gory, Mon. Bupr., vol. 2, 1837, 
Buprestis, p. 35, pl. 9, fig. 41. (Name preoccupied. ) 

Psiloptera aurata SAUNDERS, Catal. Bupr., 1871, p. 23.—KERREMANS, Mon. 
Bupr., vol. 5, 1910, pp. 56-57. 

Form broadly elongate, attenuate and broadly rounded in front, 
and more acuminate posteriorly; head golden-green; pronotum 
black, with a slight bluish tinge, the depressions golden-green and 
arranged as follows: A deep longitudinal groove at middle, broader 
posteriorly and extending from the anterior margin to near the 
scutellum, a rather broad depression on each side along the anterior 
margin, a similar one along the lateral margin, becoming broader 
posteriorly, extending obliquely over the postero-lateral region, and 
forming two smooth oblique elevations on the disk; scutellum 
bluish-black; elytra without marginal grooves, aeneo-cupreous, some- 
times becoming brownish or reddish-cupreous, and the intervals 
more or less bluish-black; beneath bluish-black, with a strong 
greenish or violaceous tinge, and the depressions aeneo-viridis. 

Head nearly flat; surface strongly, irregularly rugose on the 
median parts, the elevations broadly convex, smooth and shining on 
the top, there is a rather wide area along the margin of the eyes, 
which is densely, coarsely punctate, densely clothed with long semi- 
erect hairs, and usually covered with a dense yellow pulverulence; 
epistoma broadly, but not deeply arcuately emarginate in front, and 
with an obtuse tooth on each side of the emargination. Pronotum 


e 


arr. 9 WEST INDIAN BUPRESTIDAE—FISHER 57 


one and three-fourths times as wide as long, narrower in front than 
behind, middle and base about equal in width; sides broadly arcu- 
ately rounded from anterior margin to near base, then feebly ob- 
liquely expanded to the posterior angles, which are acute; anterior 
margin feebly arcuately emarginate, with the median lobe broadly 
rounded; base feebly bisinuate, with a very broad, feebly rounded 
median lobe; lateral margins very coarsely and irregularly crenulate 
to near the posterior angles; surface with the reliefs finely and 
densely granulose, and with a few very coarse irregularly placed 
punctures; the depressions coarsely and densely punctate, each 
puncture with a small round elevation, in the middle of which arises 
a short inconspicuous hair, the depressions are also usually covered 
with a dense pale yellow pulverulence, which obscures the punctua- 
tion. Scutellum transverse and densely granulose. Elytra slightly 
wider than pronotum at base, arcuately expanded behind the humeral 
angles, which are broadly rounded, parallel to just behind the mid- 
dle, then arcuately attenuate to the tips, which are truncate and 
feebly sinuate or emarginate; lateral margins very coarsely and 
irregularly crenulate on the expanded basal parts, and entire pos- 
teriorly; surface striato-punctate, the striae feebly impressed, and 
the punctures dense and irregularly placed, the intervals obsoletely 
granulose and interrupted by numerous punctured areas, and becom- 
ing more or less rugose toward the sides. Abdomen beneath with 
numerous irregular flattened elevations, and the depressions densely, 
coarsely punctate, somewhat rugose, and becoming strongly scabrous 
on the sides of the basal segments, the depressions are also rather 
densely clothed with long recumbent cinerous hairs, and covered 
with a pale pulverulence; first segment broadly longitudinally sulcate 
at middle; last segment narrowly flattened at apex, broadly rounded 
in the female and subtruncate and feebly sinuate in the male. Pros- 
ternum not transversely concave along anterior margin, which is 
feebly arcuately emarginate at the middle, and forming an obtuse 
lobe on each side; surface sparsely and very coarsely punctate, and 
sparsely clothed with long recumbent hairs; prosternal process broad, 
feebly convex, and smooth at middle, with a deep marginal groove, 
which is rather densely punctate and sparsely clothed with a row of 
long erect cinereous hairs, sides parallel to behind the anterior coxal 
cavities, then strongly attenuate and arcuately emarginate to the 
apex, which is very broadly rounded. 

Length, 17-25 mm.; width, 6-10 mm. 

Castelnau and Gory (1837) originally described this species from 
Santo Domingo under the name aurifera. This name being pre- 
occupied by a species described by Oliver (1790) from Cayenne, 
French Guiana, Saunders (1871) proposed the name aurata. Ker- 


58 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 65 


remans (1910) records specimens from Haiti in the Paris Museum, 
Brussels Museum, and in the collection of Théry. 

Specimens have been examined from the following localities, and 
from which the above description was made. Coll. Amer. Mus. 
Nat. Hist.: One specimen, labeled Haiti, without any definite local- 
ity. Coll. Mus. Comp. Zool.: One specimen, Grand Riviere, Haiti 
(W. M. Mann). Coll. British Mus.: One specimen, labeled Haiti 
(H. Deyrolle); and another, Haiti (Oberthur). U.S. Nat. Mus.: 
One specimen, Port au Prince, Haiti (Fry Coll. 1905-100) (Donated 
by the British Museum). 

This species is closely allied to aurifer Olivier, but is more ob- 
liquely acuminate posteriorly, the reliefs on the pronotum are black, 
and not interrupted transversely by an oblique depression, the elytra 
aeneo-cupreous, and the striae and intervals not as distinctly inter- 
rupted by irregular transverse punctured areas. 


PSILOPTERA (LAMPETIS) STRABA Chevrolat 


Psiloptera siraba CuHEvroLtAtT, Ann. Ent. Soc. France, ser. 4, vol. 7, 1867, 
p. 575 (separates p. 151).—GunpLacH, Contribucion 4 la Entom. Cuba, 
vol. 3, pt. 5, 1891, p. 158, no. 1257.—KKerreMANsS, Mon. Bupr., vol. 5, 
1910, pp. 58-59. 

Form rather narrowly elongate, attenuate and broadly rounded in 
front, and strongly acuminate posteriorly; elytra without marginal 
grooves; above uniformly aeneo-cupreous, sometimes with a strong 
reddish tinge, the elytra ornated with numerous small depressions, 
which are densely covered with a whitish pulverulence; beneath 
aeneo-brunneus, with the median parts of a brilliant reddish-cupre- 
ous color. 

Head feebly convex; occiput with a narrow longitudinal groove 
at the middle; surface strongly and very irregularly rugose, the ele- 
vations broadly convex, irregular in shape and size, covering the en- 
tire surface, and obsoletely granulose on the top, the depressions 
sparsely, coarsely and irregularly punctate, each puncture with a 
small round elevation at the middle, from which arises a rather long 
semi-erect cinereous hair; epistoma broadly and deeply arcuately 
emarginate at middle, the margin truncate on each side of the emar- 
gination. Pronotum one and one-half times as wide as long, slightly 
narrower in front than behind, widest at the middle; sides strongly 
arcuately rounded from the anterior margin to near base, then paral- 
lel or feebly obliquely expanded to the posterior angles, which are 
acute; anterior margin feebly arcuately emarginate, with an obso- 
lete median lobe; base bisinuate, with a very broad moderately round- 
ed lobe at middle; lateral margins rounded in front, and more or 
less crenulate posteriorly; surface more or less transversely concave 
at basal third, the conéavity somewhat interrupted at the middle, and 





ART, 9 WEST INDIAN BUPRESTIDAE—FISHER 59 


with three broad smooth spaces arranged transversely, one at the 
middle, and one on each side, balance of surface coarsely, irregularly, 
and rather densely punctate, and usually covered with a white pul- 
verulence. Scutellum small, slightly transverse and densely granu- 
lose. Elytra distinctly wider than pronotum at base, feebly ex- 
panded behind the humeral angles, which are broadly rounded, paral- 
lel to middle, then arcuately attenuate to the tips, which are truncate, 
and more or less deeply emarginate; lateral margins entire, or at the 
most, only obsoletely crenulate near humeral angles; surface striato- 
punctate, the striae more strongly impressed toward apex, the punc- 
tures coarse, well separated on basal parts, but becoming somewhat 
confluent posteriorly, intervals wide and nearly flat anteriorly, but 
becoming narrower and strongly convex toward the apex, and more 
or less transversely rugose laterally, the striae and intervals are in- 
terrupted by numerous small round depressions, irregularly situated, 
sparsely clothed with very short hairs, and densely covered with a 
white pulverulence. Abdomen beneath sparsely and irregularly punc- 
tate, the punctures coarse and more irregular in shape toward the 
sides, and feebly scabrous on the sides of the basal segment, rather 
densely but irregularly clothed with short recumbent cinereous hairs 
at the sides of the segments; first segment broadly longitudinally 
concave; last segment at apex broadly rounded in the female, sub- 
truncate and feebly sinuate in the male. Prosternum feebly convex, 
sometimes with the anterior margin feebly elevated, truncate or 
shghtly arcuately emarginate at middle, and with an obsolete lobe 
on each side; surface coarsely, rather densely punctate, and sparsely 
clothed with short semi-erect hairs; prosternal process broad, flat, 
and smooth at middle, with a deep marginal groove, which is coarsely, 
irregularly punctate, and sparsely clothed with a row of short hairs, 
sides parallel to behind the anterior coxal cavities, then strongly 
attenuate and feebly arcuately emarginate to the apex, which is 
broadly rounded. 

Length, 22-32 mm.; width, 7-10.5 mm. 

Described by Chevrolat (1867) from Cuba, where he records it 
as living on a species of pine in the western part of the island, 
specimens in the collections of Gundlach, Poey, and Chevrolat. 
Gundlach (1891) records it from Vuelta-Abaja, Cuba, where it was 
found on the leaves of a pine. I have seen specimens from the fol- 
lowing localities. Coll. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist.: One specimen, San 
Francisco, Isle of Pines, July 1, 1921, on Ficus elastica (Hall and 
Ballou); two specimens, 14 kilometers north of Vinales, Cuba, 
September 20, 19183, on pine, where most of the pines had_ been 
destroyed three years previously by a cyclone (C. W. Leng and 
F. EK. Lutz). Coll. U.S. Nat. Mus.: One specimen, from Guan- 
tanomo, Cuba, March 1913 (Chas. T. Ramsden) (donated by the 


60 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 65 


Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist.). Cok. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.: One speci- 
men, Cuba (Poey Coll. No. 1716). Coll. Carnegie Mus.: One speci- 
men, Nueva Gerona, Isle of Pines, July 31, 1912. There is a single 
example of this species labeled No. 1257 in the Gundlach Museum in 
Habana, and another in the British Museum which have not been 
examined. 

PSILOPTERA (LAMPETIS) BAHAMICA, new species 


Gyascutus carolinensis WickHAM (not Horn), Canad. Entomol., vol. 27, 
1895, p. 295. 

Male—Form rather broadly elongate, attenuate and _ broadly 
rounded in front, and more acuminate posteriorly; head cupreous; 
pronotum and elytra with the reliefs shining, bluish, purplish, cupre- 
ous or rubinous when viewed in different lights, the depressions 
olivaceous or aeneo-cupreous; elytra without marginal grooves; be- 
neath aeneo-cupreous, with a slight bluish or purplish tinge. 

Head nearly flat, occiput with a rather narrow smooth longitudinal 
carina at middle; surface strongly, irregularly rugose on the median 
parts, the elevations broadly convex, smooth and shining on the top, 
and very irregular in shape, there is a rather wide area along the mar- 
gin of the eyes, which is densely and rather finely punctate, and 
densely clothed with long, semierect cinereous hairs, the punctures 
between the rugae deep, coarse, and from each one arises a rather 
long recumbent hair; epistoma broadly, but not deeply arcuately 
emarginate at the middle, and with an obtuse tooth on each side of 
the emargination. Pronotum one and three-fourths times as wide as 
long, slightly narrower in front than behind, middle and base about 
equal in width; sides feebly arcuately rounded from anterior margin 
to near base, then very feebly obliquely expanded to the posterior 
angles, which are acute; anterior margin feebly arcuately emargi- 
nate, with an obsolete median lobe; base bisinuate, with the median 
lobe very broad and feebly rounded; lateral margins coarsely and 
irregularly crenulate, except at the extreme posterior angles, where 
they are smooth and shining; disk with a broad, rather deep depres- 
sion in front of the scutellum, in the bottom of which are two deep 
foveae; surface rather uneven, with a tendency of forming trans- 
verse smooth spaces, but these are more or less punctured and not 
distinct, coarsely and sparsely punctate, the punctures very irregu- 
larly situated, becoming somewhat confluent along anterior and 
lateral margins, and sparsely clothed with short inconspicuous hairs. 
Scutellum transverse, and finely granulose. Elytra slightly wider 
than pronotum at base, feebly arcuately expanded behind the humeral] 
angles, which are broadly rounded, nearly parallel to behind the 
middle, then arcuately attenuate to the tips, which are truncate and 
feebly emarginate; lateral margins coarsely and irregularly crenulate 





ART. 9 WEST INDIAN BUPRESTIDAE—FISHER 61 


on the expanded basal parts, and entire posteriorly; surface striato- 
punctate, the striae feebly impressed and the punctures rather coarse 
anteriorly, but becoming finer toward the apex, intervals nearly flat 
on the basal region, but becoming more convex posteriorly, rather 
rugose toward the sides, and interrupted by numerous inconspicuous 
punctured spaces, and clothed with a few very short inconspicuous 
hairs. Abdomen beneath coarsely and rather densely punctate, the 
punctures becoming finer, denser and somewhat crenulate toward the 
sides, finely scabrous at the sides of basal segment, and rather densely 
clothed with moderately long recumbent hairs; first segment broadly 
longitudinally sulcate at the middle; last segment subtruncate and 
feebly sinuate at apex. Prosternum moderately convex, the anterior 
margin obsoletely arcuately emarginate in the middle, and forming 
an obsolete lobe on each side; surface sparsely, coarsely, and irregu- 
larly punctate, and somewhat rugose at the sides; prosternal process 
moderately broad, nearly flat, and smooth at the middle, with a deep 
marginal groove, which is coarsely punctate and sparsely clothed 
with a row of long hairs, sides parallel to behind the anterior coxal 
cavities, then strongly attenuate and feebly arcuately emarginate to 
the apex, which is obtusely rounded. Posterior coxae with an obtuse 
tooth on the posterior margin, situated closer to the legs than the 
lateral margin. 

Female.—Similar to the male but slightly more robust, and the 
last abdominal segment broadly rounded at apex. 

Length, 20-22 mm.; width, 6.5-8 mm. 

Type locality —Kleuthera, Bahamas. 

Type and allotype-—Cat. No. 26806, U.S.N.M. 

Paratype.—Coll. British Museum. 

This species was described from three specimens, two males and 
one female, collected at the type locality, July 9, by Prof. H. F. 
Wickham. 

It is allied to aurata Saunders and aurifer Olivier, but the pro- 
notum not longitudinally sulcate at middle, and the transverse 
smooth spaces on disk not distinctly marked. This is the species 
recorded by Prof. H. F. Wickham in the Canadian Entomologist as 
Gyascutus carolinensis Horn. 


Genus EUCHROMA Solier 


Euchroma Souter, Ann. Soe. Ent. France, ser. 1, vol. 2, 1833, pp. 284-286, 
pl. 11, fig. 14.—CastTeLnavu and Gory, Mon. Bupr., vol. 2, 1837, pp. 5-7, 
pl. 1.—LacorpatreE, Gen. Col., vol. 4, 1857, pp. 20-21—KERREMANS, 
Wytsman’s Gen. Insectorum, fase. 12, pt. 2, 1908, pp. 67-68; Mon. 
Bupr., vol. 3, 1908, pp. 245-250. 


Head nearly fiat or feebly convex, distinctly wider in front than 
at vertex; front longitudinally grooved, but not narrowed by the 


62 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 65 


insertion of the antennae; epistoma rather elongate and broadly 
emarginate in front; antennal cavities small, rounded, and situated 
a short distance from the inner margin of the eyes. Antennae short 
and robust; first joint rather short and enlarged at apex; second very 
short and obconical; third triangular and as long as the first; fourth 
to tenth triangular (outer joints wider than long), strongly dentate 
on the inner side, and armed with poriferous pores (which are more 
or less pubescent) on both sides of the joints; the eleventh joint 
emarginate at the apex. Eyes large, elliptical, strongly convex, 
and much closer to each other on the vertex than at the front. Pro- 
notum wider than long, regularly convex, and without a median 
carina or sulcus. Scutellum small, suboval, and narrower in front 
than behind. Elytra elongate, strongly attenuate posteriorly; base 
sinuate and the lateral margins entire. Sternal cavity formed by the 
mesosternum and metasternum; mesosternum divided, the latera: 
branches long and feebly oblique; metasternum truncate in front, 
with a feeble arcuate emargination at the middle, and the surface 
broadly concave. Prosternum wide, strongly convex, with the an- 
terior margin arcuately emarginate at middle; prosternal process 
broad, broadly flattened, with the sides declivous. Posterior coxae 
strongly dilated internally; anterior margin sinuate; posterior mar- 
gin strongly oblique. Legs robust; femora subcylindrical, flattened, 
and feebly swollen at middle; tibiae cylindrical, feebly expanded at 
apex; tarsi depressed and rather broad, the first joint of the posterior 
pair a little longer than the following joint. Body elongate, very 
robust and rather strongly attenuate posteriorly. 

This genus includes some of the largest Buprestids, and is very 
common throughout the Neotropical Region. Only one species is 
recognized, which is separated into a number of varieties according 
to the color and geographical distribution. 


EUCHROMA GIGANTEA, var. HARPERI Sharp 


Buchroma gigantea, var. harperi SHarp, Trans. Ent. Soc. London, 1881, 
pp. 289, 293-294.—KrrremMaNns, Mon. Bupr., vol. 3, 1908, p. 249. 

Euchroma gigantea FLeuTIAUxX and Saif, Ann. Soc. Ent. France, ser. 6, 
vol. 9, 1890, p. 405 (separates p. 55). 

Male-—F¥orm very large, robust, and moderately convex; above 
dark purplish-black to dark green, according to the direction in 
which the specimen is viewed; pronotum without discal spaces; be- 
neath of the same color as above. 

Head feebly convex; front with a broad, shallow longitudinal 
groove, Which is interrupted on the vertex; occiput narrowly longi- 
tudinally sulecate, the sulcus terminating in a rather deep fovea on 
the top of the vertex ; surface sparsely and finely punctate, the punc- 


ART. 9 WEST INDIAN BUPRESTIDAE—FISHER 63 


tures irregularly placed and becoming denser along the eyes, the 
intervals densely and obsoletely punctate ; epistoma broadly arcuately, 
but feebly emarginate at middle, with a rather large obtuse tooth on 
each side of the emargination. Pronotum one and two-third times 
as wide as long, distinctly narrower in front than behind, widest 
near the middle; sides broadly arcuately rounded, the lateral mar- 
gins strongly elevated posteriorly but becoming obsolete near the 
anterior margin, which is broadly arcuately emarginate; base feebly 
bisinuate, and the posterior angles obtusely angulated; surface regu- 
larly convex, polished and shining, densely and obsoletely punctate, 
with a number of deeper and larger punctures intermixed, the large 
punctures very sparse on the disk, but becoming denser toward the 
margins. Scutellum smooth. Elytra wider than pronotum at base, 
broadly rounded behind the humeral angles, strongly sinuate at 
the posterior coxae, behind which it is arcuately expanded to the 
apical third, then arcuately attenuate to the tips, which are narrowly 
and arcuately emarginate; each elytron with four more or less dis- 
tinct longitudinal costae, and the intervals covered with vermicular 
reliefs. Abdomen beneath smooth and shining, with a few obsolete 
punctures, which are more abundant along the anterior margins 
of the segments; first segment feebly convex, without a median de- 
pression ; fifth segment longer than the preceding one, and broadly, 
deeply, and angularly emarginate at the middle; last segment elon- 
gate, rather acuminate at apex, and very deeply and broadly de- 
pressed on each side of the median longitudinal elevation. Proster- 
num strongly convex, and abruptly declivous along the anterior 
margin, which is feebly arcuately emarginate at middle, and form- 
ing an obsolete lobe on each side of the emargination; prosternal 
process with the sides feebly dilated behind the anterior coxal cavi- 
ties, then obliquely attenuate to the apex, which is obtusely rounded; 
surface densely and rather finely puncture, and densely clothed 
along the middle with a fine, erect pale pubescence (more or less 
rubbed off in some specimens), this is continued along the middle 
of the metasternum, where it diverges into two patches, which con- 
tinue along the inner margin of the hind coxae and hind margin of 
the posterior femora. 

Female.—Difters from the male in being nearly glabrous on the 
underside, the fifth ventral segment elongate, more than two times 
as long as the preceding one, strongly attenuate to the apex, which 
is feebly, broadly arcuately emarginate, and with the last segment 
only feebly visible, densely punctured, and with a small notch at the 
apex. 

Length, 60-70 mm.; width, 25-28 mm. 

45554—25— Proc.N.M.vol.65——15 


64 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 65 


This variety was described by Sharp (1881) from Georgetown, 
British Guiana, and its distribution extends from the type locality 
northward into the Antilles. Kerremans (1908) records it as dis- 
tributed throughout all the Antilles, and Fleutiaux and Sallé (1890) 
record gigantea Linnaeus from Guadeloupe, which probably refers 
to this variety. 

The following West Indian material has been examined: Coll. 
British Mus.: Two specimens, one labeled Guadeloupe (Tarnier) 
and the other Cuba (Heyne). 

This form can be separated from the other varieties of this species 
by the uniformly dark color and the almost entirely absence of the 
discoidal spaces on the pronotum. 


Genus PELECOPSELAPHUS Seolier 


Pelecopselaphus Souter, Ann. Soc. Ent. France, ser. 1, vol. 2, 1833, pp. 
286-287, pl. 11, fig. 15.—CasTELNAU and Gory, Mon. Bupr., vol. 2, 1838, 
Buprestis, pp. 152-155, pls. 37-38.—LaAcorpDAIRE, Gen. Col., vol. 4, 1857, 
p. 25.—KERREMANS, Wytsman’s Gen. Insectorum, fase. 12, pt. 2, 1903, 
p. 58; Mon. Bupr., vol. 3, 1908, pp. 250-262, pl. 1. 

Head flistinctly and broadly depressed on front, and narrowly 
grooved on the occiput; front not narrowed by the insertion of the 
antennae, the sides obliquely converging to the vertex; epistoma ar- 
cuateiy emarginate in front, with the lateral angles of the emargina- 
tion obtusely rounded; antennal cavities large, triangular, margined 
posteriorly by an elevated arcuate carina, and situated a short dis- 
tance from the inner margin of the eyes. Antennae short; first joint 
elongate and moderately clavate; second short and subglobular; third 
two times as long as the second, and strongly expanded at apex; the 
following joints robust, wider than long, strongly dentate on the 
inner side, and both sides of the serrate joints armed with poriferous 
pores and foveae. Eyes large, elliptical, strongly convex, and much 
closer to each other on the vertex than at the front. Pronotum dis- 
tinctly wider than long, narrower in front than behind, feebly con- 
vex, more or less sulcate on the disk, and declivous at the sides; an- 
terior margin bisinuate, with the median lobe broadly rounded; base 
bisinuate, with a broadly rounded median lobe; sides obliquely ex- 
panded anteriorly, and broadly rounded posteriorly, the lateral mar- 
gins smooth, sharply elevated, extending forward to the apical angles, 
where they are arcuately connected to the anterior margin. Scutel- 
lum small, wider than long, and subquadrangular. Elytra elongate, 
feebly lobed at base; sides arcuately attenuate to the apex, which is 
acuminate, the lateral margins strongly serrate posteriorly. Sternal 
cavity formed by the mesosternum and metasternum; mesosternum 
divided, the lateral branches rather short and broad; metasternum 


arr. 9 WEST INDIAN BUPRESTIDAE—FISHER 65 


truncate in front, with an arcuate emargination at the middle, and 
with a narrow longitudinal groove on the disk. Prosternum wide, 
and feebly convex; anterior margin truncate or arcuately emarginate, 
with the margin narrowly elevated; prosternal process very broad, 
flat or feebly convex, and not sulcate at the middle. Posterior coxae 
dilated internally; anterior and posterior margins sinuate. Legs 
slightly robust; anterior and middle femora feebly swollen at middle, 
the posterior pair subcylindrical, and flattened on both sides; an- 
terior tibiae strongly carinate on the outer margin; tarsi compressed, 
the first joint of the posterior pair as long as the following two joints 
united. Body elongate, navicular, and acuminate at apex. 

This is a small genus containing about nine described species, all 
of which are distributed from Mexico to South America, with the ex- 
ception of one unrecognizable species, which has been recorded from 
the Antilles. 

PELECOPSELAPHUS STRICTUS (Linnaeus) 


Buprestis stricta Linnarus, Syst. Nat., 10 ed., 1758, p. 409, no. 4; Syst. 
Nat., 12 ed., vol. 1, pt. 2, 1767, p. 659, no. 4—Gmetin, Linnaeus, Syst. 
Nat., 18 ed., vol. 1, pt. 4, 1788, p. 1929. 

Pelecopcephalus stricta Horr, Coleopterist’s Manual, vol. 3, 1840, p. 52. 

Pelecopselaphus stricta SAUNDERS, Catal. Bupr., 1871, p. 19. 

Pelecopselaphus strictus KerremMans, Mon. Bupr., vol. 3, 1908, p. 262.— 
Lene and MutTcuHier, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., vol. 37, 1917, p. 
205. 

The following is a copy of the very short original description 
given by Linnaeus: 

B. elytris serratis sulcatis, tibiis angulatis, abdomine glabro. Habitat in 
Indiis. 

Saunders (1871) lists the species from Brazil, Leng and Mutch- 
ler (1917) from the Antilles, and Kerremans (1908) records it from 
South America and the Antilles, saying that he has not seen the 
species, and also that it is the only Linnean species which he has not 
examined. Hope (1840) says that it is probably a Pelecopcephalus 
of Serville, and that Gmelin mentions the locality South America, 
as well as India, but he regards it as belonging to the former. 
Linnaeus (1758) in the original description gives “ Indiis” as the 
locality, which may refer to either the East or West Indies, and not 
to India as stated by Gmelin. 

The species is practically unknown, is unrecognizable from the 
short description, and the locality is also very questionable. It 
probably is a South American species and does not belong to the 
West Indian fauna, but is included in the present paper, since it 
has been recorded in the literature from the Antilles. 


66 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 65 


Genus CHRYSESTHES Solier 


Chrysesthes Souter, Ann. Soc. Ent. France, ser. 1, vol. 2, 1833, pp. 290-291, 
pl. 11, fig. 17.—Lacorpatre, Gen. Col., vol. 4, 1857, pp. 25-26.—KrEr- 
REMANS, Wytsman’s Gen. Insectorum, fase. 12, pt. 2, 1903, pp. 58-59; 
Mon. Bupr., vol. 3, 1908, pp. 262-270. 

Head feebly depressed, distinctly wider in front that at vertex; 
front not narrowed by the insertion of the antennae, and sometimes 
longitudinally grooved; epistoma short and emarginate in front; 
antennal cavities small, rounded, margined posteriorly by an ele- 
vated carina, and situated near the inner margin of the eyes. An- 
tennae short; first joint elongate, and strongly clavate; second very 
short and globular; third elongate, shorter than the first, subcylin- 
drical, and feebly expanded at apex; following joints triangular, 
wider than long, robust, strongly dentate on the inner side, and 
the serrate joints armed with poriferous pores and foveae on both 
sides of the joints. Eyes large, strongly convex, broadly oblong, 
and much closer to each other on the vertex than on the front. Pro- 
notum wider than long, attenuate anteriorly; disk feebly convex, 
and not longitudinally sulcate. Scutellum small, transverse or sub- 
rotundate. Elytra nearly truncate at base, strongly attenuate pos- 
teriorly, with the sides near apex strongly serrate. Sternal cavity 
formed by the mesosterum and metasternum; mesosternum divided, 
the lateral branches long and oblique; metasternum truncate in 
front, with a shallow arcuate emargination in front, and a narrow 
longitudinal groove on the disk at middle. Prosternum wide, feebly 
convex, anterior margin truncate, margined, and declivous near the 
eyes; prosternal process wide and not sulcate at middle. Posterior 
coxae dilated internally; anterior margin strongly sinuate, and the 
posterior margin straight. Legs slightly robust; anterior and me- 
dian femora swollen at middle, the posterior pair subcylindrical and 
feebly flattened on both sides; tibiae slender, cylindrical, feebly en- 
larged at the apex, the anterior and middle pairs feebly arcuate, the 
former longitudinally carinate on the outer surface. Tarsi depressed, 
gradually triangularly enlarged, and flattened from the first to 
fourth joint; first joint of posterior pair nearly as long as the fol- 
lowing two joints united. Body elongate, navicular and acuminate 
at apex. i 

This is a small genus, containing only five described species, which 
are confined in their distribution to the Neotropical Region, and of 
which, only one has been recorded from the West Indies. 


—— 


ART. 9 WEST INDIAN BUPRESTIDAE—FISHER 67 


CHRYSESTHES LANIERI (Chevrolat) 


Buprestis (Chrysesthes) laniert CHEVROLAT, Rey. Zool., 1838, p. 280. 

Buprestis laniert Gory, Mon. Bupr. Suppl., vol. 4, 1840, p. 123-124, pl. 21, 
fig. 121—Jacquetin Duvat, in Ramon de la Sagra’s Hist. Phys. Polit. 
et Nat. de Vile de Cuba, Anim. Arctic, 1857 (French edition), p. 61, pl. 
7, figs. 6-7; (Spanish edition), vol. 7, 1857, p. 28; vol. 8, pl. 7, figs. 6-7. 

’ Pelecopselaphus laniert Cuevrotat, Ann. Soc. Ent. France, ser. 4, vol. 7, 
1867, pp. 574-575, (separates pp. 150-151).—Gunpracu, Contribucion 
a la Entom. Cuba, vol. 3, pt. 5, 1891, p. 157, No. 244. 

Chrysesthes lanieri KerremMAns, Mon. Bupr., vol. 3, 1908, pp. 269-270. 

Male.—Form rather narrowly elongate, navicular, feebly convex: 
above violaceous, with a strong greenish reflection; head and prono- 
tum obsoletely margined with green; each elytron ornated with three 
round bright green impressions, one at the basal fourth, one at the 
middle, and the other near the apical third; beneath golden-green, 
more shining than above, and the abdominal segments broadly tinted 
with steel-blue along posterior margins; tarsi blue. 

Head feebly transversely depressed behind the epistoma, with a 
longitudinal sulcus, which is deeply impressed on occiput and vertex, 
but becoming more obsolete on the front; surface more or less rugose, 
glabrous, coarsely but not very densely punctate, the punctures 
irregular in size and distribution, and bright green or ruby-red at 
the bottom; intervals coarsely and densely granulose; epistoma 
broadly and rather deeply arcuately emarginate in front, forming 
a large obtuse lobe on each side of the emargination. Antennae 
with the serrate joints armed with two large foveae on the under 
side, and a single obsolete one on the upper surface. Pronotum one 
and one-half times as wide as long, slightly narrower in front than 
behind; sides obliquely expanded from apical angles to near middle, 
then nearly parallel to the posterior angles, which are nearly rect- 
angular; anterior margin nearly truncate; base slightly bisinuate, 
with the median lobe very broadly and feebly arcuately rounded; 
laterally the sides are sharply margined posteriorly, the margins 
smooth, arcuate, inflected in front, but not extending to the anterior 
margin; surface evenly convex, and not sulcate at middle, coarsely, 
transversely rugose, and finely and rather sparsely punctate, the 
punctures irregularly placed between the rugae, and of a bright 
ruby-red color at the bottom; reliefs finely and densely granulose. 
Scutellum transversely oblong, and obsoletely granulose. Elytra 
wider than pronotum at base, obliquely expanded behind the humeral 
angles, strongly sinuate at posterior coxae, then arcuately attenuate 
to the tips, which terminate in a short, acute tooth; lateral margins 


68 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 65 


coarsely and irregular serrate posteriorly; surface striato-punctate, 
the striae slightly impressed and the punctures fine, rather closely 
placed, ruby-red at bottom, and sometimes forming irregular double 
rows in the striae; intervals feebly convex, somewhat confused and 
transversely rugose toward the base, and the surface densely and 
obsoletely granulose; elytral foveae densely, coarsely granulose, with 
a few larger punctures intermixed. Abdomen beneath coarsely and 
irregularly punctate, the punctures very shallow, widely separated 
on the median parts, but becoming finer and much denser on the 
antero-lateral part of the segments, sparsely clothed with short in- 
conspicuous hairs, the pubescence denser on the densely punctured 
areas; intervals densely obsoletely granulose; first segment feebly 
convex at middle; last segment broadly, deeply arcuately emargi- 
nate at apex, with a sharp acute tooth on each side of the emargina- 
tion. Prosternum coarsely and rather densely punctate, densely 
clothed with rather long erect inconspicuous hairs, and with the 
intervals finely and densely granulose; prosternal process feebly 
convex, strongly expanded behind the anterior coxal cavities, then 
strongly attenuate and arcuately emarginate to the apex, which is 
broadly and feebly rounded. 

Female.—No specimens have been examined of this sex, but the 
last abdominal segment is recorded as being more truncate at apex, 
and the lateral teeth not as strongly produced. 

Length, 16-18 mm.; width, 5.5-6 mm. 

Originally described by Chevrolat (1838) from Cuba. Jacquelin 
Duval (1857), and Chevrolat (1867) both record it from Cuba, in 
the collections of Gundlach, Poey and Chevrolat, and state that the 
larvae live in the royal palm. Gundlach (1891) records collecting it 
at Cardenas, Cuba. Gory (1840) also records it fron: Cuba, and 
states that Chevrolat reports the larvae of this Buprestid living in 
the “ecorce” of the royal palm (Oreodoxa regia), (which had been 
cut down) at a place six leagues northeast of the Bay of Jagua, on 
the south side of Cuba, near a small stream. He collected about 20 
examples during May, which were fully matured and ready to 
emerge. 

Material has been examined from the following localities. Coll. 
Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad.: One specimen, labeled Cuba (Poey Coll. 
No. 798). Coll. British Mus.: One specimen, without locality and 
simply labeled Saunders 74-18. Coll. U. S. Nat. Mus.: One specimen 
received from S. ©. Bruner, collected at Camaguey, Cuba, August 10, 
1921 (Angelica Rieto) ; and one specimen labeled Cuba (Poey Coll. 
No. 798) (donated by the Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad.). There is a single 
example labeled Pelecopselaphus laniert No. 244 in the Gundlach 
Museum in Habana, but has not been examined by the writer. 


a 


ART. 9 WEST INDIAN BUPRESTIDAE—FISHER 69 


Genus HILAROTES Thomson 


Hilarotes SAUNDERS, Catal. Bupr., 1871, p. 21.—THomson, Typ. Bupr., 1878, 
pp. 39-40.—KERREMANS, Wytsman’s Gen. Insectorum, fasc. 12, pt. 2, 
1903, p. 89; Mon. Bupr., vol. 3, 1909, pp. 425-429. 

Head regularly arcuate, and feebly convex, slightly wider in 
front than at vertex; front not narrowed by the insertion of the 
antennae, and more or less rugose; occiput with a narrow longi- 
tudinal groove; epistoma transversely truncate; antennal cavities 
small, rounded, margined posteriorly by an obtuse elevation, and 
situated near the anterior margin of epistoma and also rather close to 
the inner margin of the eyes. Antennae short; first joint elongate, 
and feebly clavate; second very short, obconical; third slender, 
elongate and feebly triangular; fourth about equal in length to 
the third, but broader at the apex; the following joints feebly 
triangular and becoming gradually shorter toward the last joint, 
and armed with the poriferous pores on both sides of the joints, and 
with a small fovea on the under side near the anterior apical angle. 
Eyes rather large, elliptical, feebly convex, and slightly closer to 
each other on the vertex than at the front. Pronotum wider than 
long, moderately convex, and the disk with three longitudinal im- 
pressions; base feebly sinuate. Scutellum small and rounded. Ely- 
tra moderately convex, nearly truncate at base, attenuate poster- 
iorly, sides with a single tooth near apex. Sternal cavity formed 
by the mesosternum and metasternum; mesosternum divided, the 
lateral branches rather long and oblique; metasternum truncate in 
front, with a deep arcuate groove on the disk. Prosternum feebly 
convex, the anterior margin arcuately emarginate and strongly 
elevated; prosternal process wide, feebly convex, and not sulcate at 
middle. Posterior coxae strongly dilated internally; anterior mar- 
gin strongly sinuate; posterior margin oblique, usually with a 
large obtuse tooth near the middle, but sometimes obsolete. Legs 
slender, anterior and middle femora slightly swollen at middle, the 
posterior pair subcylindrical and feebly flattened on both sides; 
tibiae slender and cylindrical; tarsi depressed, the first joint of 
the posterior pair nearly as long as the following two joints united. 
First abdominal segment nearly as long as the following three seg- 
ments united, and more or less concave at the middle. Body 
elongate, attenuate in front, and more acuminate posteriorly. 

This name was first used by Saunders (1871) for two species, 
mannerheimi Mannerheim, and chalcoptera Jacquelin Duval without 
giving any description, but Thomson (1878) gives a description of 
the genus under the same name, in which he includes both of the 
species listed by Saunders. At present the genus includes three 
species, two of which have been described from Haiti, and the other 
from Cuba. 


70 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 65 


The genus is very closely allied to Halecia, and Kerremans sepa- 
rates it from that genus by the posterior margin of the hind coxae 
strongly toothed at the middle, but this character is variable, and in 
chalcoptera is nearly obsolete. All the species of Hilarotes can be 
separated from the species of Halecia found in the West Indies, 
by the lateral margin of the elytra armed with a single strong 
tooth near the apex. 


KEY TO THE SPECIES 


1. Sides of pronotum nearly parallel posteriorly, not distinctly wider at base 
than at middle; color above auro-viridis. 

LOLS) SPELT pert fh Iie See he nitidicollis (Castelnau and Gory). 

Sides of pronotum distinctly narrower in front than behind, and widest at 


2. Pronotum and elytra unicolored, aeneo-viridis_ mannerheimi (Mannerheim). 
Pronotum and elytra bicolored; pronotum aeneo-viridis, sometimes with a 
bluish reflection; elytra aeneo-cupreous__ chaleoptera (Jacquelin Duval). 


HILAROTES NITIDICOLLIS (Castelnau and Gory) 


Halecia nitidicollis CASTELNAU and Gory, Mon. Bupr., vol. 2, 1838, Buprestis, 
pp. 110-111, pl. 28, fig. 151. 
Hilarotes nitidicollis KERREMANS, Mon. Bupr., vol. 3, 1909, pp. 427-428. 
Psiloptera aureomicans NoNFRIED, Deutsch. Entomol. Zeitschr., 1891, p. 272. 
Form broadly elongate and feebly convex; above shining, uni- 
formly aureo-viridis; beneath aureo-viridis, with a strong cupreous 
tinge, tibiae bluish-green, and the tarsi cyaneous. 
Head feebly convex and without depressions on the front, but with 
a narrow longitudinal groove on the vertex and occiput; surface 
coarsely and deeply punctate, the punctures irregularly placed and 
confluent in some areas, the reliefs smooth and somewhat rugose; 
epistoma transversely truncate in front; antenna bluish-green. Pro- 
notum one and one-half times as wide as long, slightly narrower in 
front than behind, widest near the middle; sides subangularly arcu- 
ate, obliquely narrowed in front, dilated in front of middle, nearly 
parallel posteriorly, and sinuate near the posterior angles, which 
are nearly rectangular, the lateral margins rounded and strongly 
rugose, with a very short smooth carina at the base; anterior margin 
rather deeply arcuately emarginate, with a broadly rounded median 
lobe; base feebly sinuate and obtusely angulated at the middle; disk 
strongly convex, with a broad longitudinal median sulcus, which is 
more or less interrupted at the middle and forming a deep fovea 
in front of the scutellum, and also on each side a short narrow longi- 
tudinal depression, deeper at the base, and extending to near the 


ART. 9 WEST INDIAN BUPRESTIDAE—FISHER 71 


middle, surface very coarsely and deeply punctate, the punctures 
irregularly placed, and becoming somewhat confluent toward the 
sides; intervals smooth and shining. Scutellum rounded, the surface 
finely and densely granulose. Elytra distinctly wider than pronotum 
at base, strongly obliquely expanded behind the humeral angles, 
nearly parallel to behind the middle, then strongly arcuately atten- 
uate to the tips, which are obtusely rounded and bidentate, the lateral 
margins with a large tooth near apex; surface with the basal de- 
pression transverse and rather deep, striato-punctate, the striae 
feebly impressed, regular on the disk, but becoming more irregular 
toward the sides, where the surface is more or less transversely 
rugose, the punctures rather deep, somewhat confluent and irregu- 
larly placed in the striae, the intervals feebly convex and nearly 
smooth. Abdomen beneath very sparsely and rather coarsely punc- 
tate, from each puncture arises a short, erect cinereous hair; inter- 
vals smooth and shining; first segment broadly and feebly concave 
at middle; last segment broadly rounded and feebly subtruncate at 
apex. Prosternum convex, the anterior margin broadly arcuately 
emarginate at middle, with an obsolete lobe on each side, and the 
margin strongly elevated; surface sparsely and very coarsely punc- 
tate, and clothed with a few long inconspicuous hairs; prosternal 
process feebly convex, nearly smooth, and not suleate at middle; 
sides feebly expanded behind the anterior coxal cavities, then ob- 
liquely attenuate to the apex, which is acutely rounded. 

Length, 19 mm.: width, 7.5 mm. 

This species was described by Castelnau and Gory (1838) from a 
specimen in the Buquet Collection from Santo Domingo, and Non- 
fried (1891) described the same species from Haiti under the name 
Psiloptera aureomicans. Kerremans (1909) records it from Haiti in 
the Paris Museum and also in the collections of Théry and Ker- 
remans. It semes to be rare in collections and confined to the 
island of Haiti. Through the kindness of the British Museum I 
have been able to examine two specimens, one labeled Port-au- 
Prince, Haiti, and the other simply Haiti (Obenthur), both of these 
specimens are also labeled aureomicans Nonfried, and later de- 
termined by Kerremans as nitidicollis Castelnau and Gory. (One 
of these specimens has been donated to the U. S. Nat. Mus.) 

Kerremans * has placed chalcoptera Jacquelin Duval as a synonym 
of this species, but it is quite distinct from nitidicollis and is con- 
fined to the island of Cuba. 





16 Mon. Bupr., vol. 3, 1909, p. 427. 
45554—25— Proe.N.M.vol.65——16 


fe. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL, 65 
HILAROTES MANNERHEIMI (Mannerheim) 


Ancylocheira mannerheimit DEJEAN, Cat. Coleopt., 2 ed., 1833, p. 78; 3 ed., 
1836, p. 88. (No description). 

Buprestis mannerheimii MANNERHEIM, Bull. Soc. Imp. Nat. Moscou, vol. 
10, no. 8, 1837, pp. 66-67.—Gory, Mon. Bupr., Suppl., vol. 4, 1840, 
pp. 121-122, pl. 21, fig. 119. 

Hilarotes mannerheimi KERREMANS, Mon. Bupr., vol. 3, 1909, pp. 428-429. 

Buprestis inaequalis MANNERHEIM (in litt.). 


The following is a translation of Mannerheim’s original descrip- 
tron: 


Greenish-bronzy, antennae black; femora violaceous at tip; head 
rugosely punctate; thorax dilated at base; above uneven, deeply 
canaliculate and rugosely punctate; elytra striate, uneven, the inter- 
stice punctate, and the alternate ones feebly elevated. 

Var. b. Violaceous-aeneous, marked with greenish-bronzy; elytra 
greenish-bronzy lineate; legs greenish-bronzy, the femora at apex 
and tarsi violaceous. 

Island St. Domingo, collected by Mr. Jaeger. 

Length, 8 lines; width, 3 lines. 

Head strongly rugosely punctate, front deplanate. Antennae black, 
and slightly shorter than the head and thorax. Thorax scarcely 
longer than the width in front, and at the base almost two times 
wider, and here as at the apex bisinuate; sides feebly constricted 
behind the middle, and thence dilated, posterior angles acute and 
rather prominent; above deeply rugosely punctate, very uneven, and 
throughout the entire length deeply and broadly canaliculate. Scu- 
tellum small, orbicular, and smooth. Elytra at base much broader 
than thorax, nearly four times as long as the thorax, and gradually 
attenuate posteriorly ; apex subemarginate, and dentate on the inside; 
sides margined, the margin ending in an acute tooth a little before 
the apex; above very uneven, at the humeri deeply foveate, striate; 
interstice irregularly punctate, the alternate ones feebly elevated. 
Body beneath and legs deeply punctate, the-punctures here and there 
rugose. 


This name was first used by Dejean (1833) for a specimen in his 
collection from Santo Domingo under the name inaequalis Man- 
nerheim, (which was*a manuscript name) without giving a descrip- 
tion of the species. Mannerheim (1837) described the species, using 
the same name as listed in the Dejean Catalogue. The species is 
very rare in collection, as Gory made his figure from the specimen 
in the Dejean Collection, and the species was unknown to Kerre- 
mans. No specimens have been seen which agree with the descrip- 
tion, and the species is included in the key from the characters 
given in the original description. 





ART. 9 WEST INDIAN BUPRESTIDAE—FISHER 73 


HILAROTES CHALCOPTERA (Jacquelin Duval) 


Buprestis chalcoptera JACQUELIN DuvaL, in Ramon de la Sagra’s Hist. 
Phys. Polit. et Nat. de ’fle de Cuba, Anim. Artic., 1857 (French Edition), 
pp. 59-60; (Spanish Hdition), vol. 7, 1857, p. 27—CHEvrRonLAT, Ann. 
Soe. Ent. France, ser. 4, vol. 7, 1867, p. 578 (separates p. 154).— 
GUNDLACH, Contribucion 4 la Entom. Cuba, vol. 3, pt. 5, 1891, pp. 
161-162, No. 308. 

Form rather broadly elongate, feebly convex, and shining above; 
head and pronotum aeneo-viridis, sometimes with a bluish reflection ; 
scutellum and elytra aeneo-cupreous; beneath dark green, with a 
strong violaceous tinge. 

Head nearly flat, and without any depressions on the front, but 
with a narrow longitudinal groove on the vertex and occiput; surface 
not rugose, but coarsely, deeply and rather sparsely punctate, the 
punctures well separated and irregularly placed; intervals smooth; 
epistoma broadly truncate in front; antennae aeneo-brunneus, the 
basal joints green, with the first joint testaceous at base. Pronotum 
about one and one-half times as wide as long, distinctly narrower in 
front than behind, widest at base; sides feebly obliquely expanded 
from apex to basal fourth, then abruptly and obliquely expanded to 
the posterior angles, which are rather acute; anterior margin ar- 
cuately emarginate, with an obtusely angulated lobe at the middle; 
base transversely truncate to middle of elytron, and with a broadly 
rounded median lobe, which is arcuately emarginate in front of 
scutellum; lateral margins rounded and smooth anteriorly, with a 
short smooth carina at the base; disk with a broad longitudinal sul- 
cus, which is more deeply impressed near the scutellum, a broad 
obsolete one on each side, extending from the base to near the middle, 
and a deep narrow one along the anterior margin, broadly inter- 
rupted at the middle, these depressions causing a broadly rounded 
gibbosity near the posterior angles; surface coarsely, sparsely and 
irregularly punctate, and very sparsely clothed with short incon- 
spicuous hairs, the intervals irregular in size and finely and obsoletely 
punctured. Scutellum rounded or transversely oblong, slightly more 
acutely rounded posteriorly, with the surface nearly smooth. Elytra 
distinctly wider than pronotum at base, broadly arcuately expanded 
behind the humeral angles, nearly parallel to behind the middle, then 
strongly arcuately attenuate to the tips, which are obtusely rounded 
and bidentate, the lateral margins with a large tooth near the apex; 
disk with a broad irregular basal depression; surface striato-punc- 
tate, the striae feebly impressed, regular on the disk, but becoming 
more irregular and somewhat confused at the sides, the punctures in 
the striae fine, remotely and ratherly regularly spaced, some of the 
intervals more strongly convex, especially toward the apex, and 
sparsely, irregularly punctate, from each puncture arises a short in- 


74 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 65 


conspicuous hair, which is more erect than those in the striate. Ab- 
domen beneath coarsely and rather densely punctate, and sparsely 
clothed with rather long recumbent hairs, with a few denser pubes- 
cent areas at the antero-lateral part of the segments; first segment 
convex, without a median sulcus; last segment broadly truncate at 
apex. Prosternum convex, the anterior margin feebly arcuately 
emarginate, and feebly declivous, the surface coarsely and rather 
densely punctate and sparsely clothed with short erect inconspicuous 
hairs; prosternal process nearly flat, rather densely punctured, and 
not sulcate at the middle, the sides parallel to behind the anterior 
coxal cavities, then obliquely attenuate to the apex, which is acutely 
rounded. Posterior coxae with the median tooth on posterior margin 
only feebly developed. 

Length, 15-17 mm.; width 5.5-6.5 mm. 

This species was described by Jacquelin Duval (1857) from Cuba, 
and its distribution is probably confined to that island. Chevrolat 
(1867) records it from Cuba, in the collections of Gundlach and 
Poey. Gundlach (1891) reports collecting it in the western part of 
Cuba. 

Through the kindness of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Phila- 
delphia, I have been able to examine two specimens from their col- 
lection labeled Cuba (Poey Coll. No. 14), from which the above de- 
scription was made, and which are probably the specimens referred 
to by Chevrolat. The specimens are probably both females. (One 
of these specimens has been donated to the U. S. Nat. Mus.) There 
is also a single example of this species labeled No. 308 in the Gund- 
lach Museum in Habana, and another one in the British Museum, 
which have not been examined. 

Kerremans has placed this as a synonym of nitidicollis Castelnau 
and Gory, but it is a distinct species. The elytra are aeneo-cupreous 
and more finely punctured, pronotum distinctly narrower in front 
than behind, and widest at base, the surface more finely punctured 
and the longitudinal depressions on each side of the middle more 
obsolete, prosternum more densely punctured, the anterior margin 
declivous, and not elevated, and the underside of the body green, 
with a violaceous tinge. 


Genus CHALCOPHORA Solier 


Chalcophora Souter, Ann. Soc. Ent. France, ser. 1, vol. 2, 1833, pp. 278-279, 
pl. 10, fig. 9—CAsTELNAU and Gory, Mon. Bupr., vol. 2. 1837, Buprestis, 
pp. 7-19, pls. 2-4.—LacorpamrE, Gen. Col., vol. 4, 1857, pp. 21-22.— 
KERREMANS, Wytsman’s Gen. Insectorum, fase. 12, pt. 2, 1903, pp. 
77-78.—Casry, Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., vol. 11, 1909, pp. 77-78.— 
KErrEMANS, Mon. Bupr., vol. 4, 1909, pp. 17-49, pl. 28. 


Head more or less. rugose, longitudinally impressed at the middle, 
and slightly wider in front than at vertex; front not narrowed by 





arr. 9 WEST INDIAN BUPRESTIDAE—FISHER C5 


the insertion of the antennae; epistoma short and arcuately emargi- 
nate in front; antennal cavities large, deep, rounded, and situated 
about equally distant between the anterior margin of epistoma and 
the inner margin of the eyes. Antennae rather robust, and nearly as 
long as the head and pronotum united; first joint moderately elongate 
and strongly clavate at apex; second very short and globular; third 
slightly shorter than the first, but more slender and cylindrical; fol- 
lowing joints longer than wide, more obtusely dentate on the inner 
side, and becoming gradually shorter to the eleventh joint, which is 
oblong, the serrate joints armed with poriferous pores on both sides 
of the joints, but without distinct foveae. Eyes not very large, mod- 
erately convex, broadly oblong, and only slightly closer to each other 
on the vertex than at the front. Pronotum wider than long, moder- 
ately convex, and longitudinally suleate or carinate at the middle; 
base bisinuate. Scutellum very small and nearly quadrate. Elytra 
elongate, sinuate at base, moderately convex, and strongly attenuate 
posteriorly ; lateral margins more or less serrate posteriorly. Sternal 
cavity formed by the mesosternum and metasternum; mesosternum 
divided, the lateral branches long and oblique; metasternum feebly 
rounded in front and with a narrow longitudinal groove at the 
middle. Prosternum feebly convex; anterior margin sinuate and 
feebly produced at middle; prosternal process wide, flat, and with 
two longitudinal sulci. Posterior coxae strongly dilated internally; 
anterior margin sinuate; posterior margin strongly oblique. Legs 
rather robust; anterior and middle femora strongly swollen at mid- 
dle, the posterior pair subcylindrical; tibiae subcylindrical, feebly 
enlarged at the apex, and the anterior pair with a longitudinal carina 
on the exterior margin; tarsi depressed, elongate, the first joint of 
the posterior pair as long as the following two joints united. First 
abdominal segment concave or sulcate at middle. Body robust, 
elongate-oval, attenuate in front, and more acuminate behind. 

This genus is distributed throughout the Nearctic and Palaearctic 
Regions, and includes about 20 described species, of which only two 
have been recorded from the West Indies. One of these was origi- 
nally described from Guadeloupe, and the other was introduced into 
Cuba, probably in pine timber from the United States. The species 
are closely allied, but the following table, which is taken from Ker- 
remans Monograph, may be of some assistance in separating the two 
species. 

KEY TO THE SPECIES 


Elytra with the subsutural groove entire, attaining the base, though shallow 
and sometimes partially interrupted near the base; color above reddish- 
cupreous; sulcus on first abdominal segment pubescent, more distinctly in 
the male_____~ SE TURP er 1 humboldti (Castelnau and Gory). 


76 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL. 65 


Elytra with the subsutural groove abbreviated in front, and only attaining the 
basal third or fourth; color above aeneo-nigris; sulcus on first abdominal 
segment, glabrous, in: both Sexes = ase eee ee virginiensis (Drury). 


CHALCOPHORA HUMBOLDTI (Castelnau and Gory) 


Buprestis humboldti CasteELNAU and Gory, Mon. Bupr., vol. 2, 1837, p. 12, 
pl. 8, fiz: 8. 

Chalcophora humboldti FLEuTIAUX and SAtLf, Ann. Soc. Ent. France, ser. 6, 
vol. 9, 1890, p. 408 (separates p. 53).—KerrREMANS, Mon. Bupr., vol. 4, 
1909, p. 35. 


The following is a translation of Castelnau and Gory’s original 
description : 


Reddish-cupreous and elongate, thorax strongly granulose; surface 
with elevated lines; elytra nearly smooth, with longitudinal costae 
and cupreous impressions. Length, 91% lines; width, 314 lines. Hab- 
itat Guadeloupe. 

Body elongate and of a golden-coppery color. Head and thorax 
granulose, with a few smooth longitudinal lines, the latter nearly 
quadrate. Elytra nearly smooth at middle, with feeble longitudinal 
costae at the sides, the costae interrupted by two depressions. Body 
beneath golden-yellow, and granulose, the abdominal segments feebly 
impressed on each side. 


Fleutiaux and Sallé (1890), and Kerremans (1909) both record 
this species from the type locality, probably only from the record 
given in the original description, since neither of these authors had 
examined specimens of it. No specimens of this species have been 
seen by the writer. 


CHALCOPHORA VIRGINIENSIS (Drury) 


Buprestis virginiensis Drury, Illustr. Nat. Hist., Exotic Ins., vol. 1, 1770, 
pp. 66-67, pl. 30, fig. 3—HeErsst, Nat. Syst. Ins. Kifer, vol. 9, 1801, 
pp. 114-116, pl. 148, fig. 1—ScHoNHERR, Syn. Ins., vol. 1, pt. 3, 1817, 
p. 230.—CAsTELNAU and Gory, Mon. Bupr., vol. 2, 1837, pp. 11-12, pl. 2, 
fig. 7. 

Chalcophora virginiensis WATERHOUSE, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Coleopt., vol. 3, 
pt. 1, 1882, p. 2; 1889, p. 167.—KeErREmMANS, Mon. Bupr., vol. 4, 1909, 
pp. 26-29. 

Buprestis virginica GMELIN, Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., 13 ed., vol. 1, pt. 4, 1788, 
p. 1940, No. 110. 

Buprestis cupreomaculatus Gorzr, Entom. Beitr., vol. 1, i777, p. 596, No. 11. 

Chalcophora novaeboracensis Frrcn, Trans, N. Y. State Agri. Soc., vol. 17, 
1858, pp. 701-702, No. 220. 

Chalcophora virginica CHEvRoLAT, Ann. Soc. Ent. France, ser. 4, vol. 7, 
1867, p. 573 (separates p. 149).—GuNbDLAcH, Contribucion 4 la Entom. 
Cuba, vol. 8, pt. 5, 1891, pp. 155-156. 


Rather broadly elongate, rounded in front, shghtly more attenuate 
behind, and moderately convex above; above aeneo or aeneo-cupreous 
in the depressions, with the reliefs brownish-black; beneath more 
reddish-cupreous and shining than above. 


ART. 9 WEST INDIAN BUPRESTIDAE—FISHER G7 


Head feebly convex, with a broad, deep longitudinal depression 
on the front, which is rather broadly and deeply sulcate at the mid- 
dle, the sulcus becoming narrow and feebly impressed on the occiput; 
surface sparsely, coarsely and very irregularly punctate, the punc- 
tures variable in size, but becoming denser and finer along the mar- 
gins of the eyes,.also sparsely clothed with short cinereous hairs, 
especially along the eyes; epistoma broadly and very deeply arcu- 
ately emarginate in front, forming an obtuse tooth on each side of 
the emargination. Pronotum slightly more than one and one-half 
times as wide as long, slightly narrower in front than behind, widest 
near apical third; sides arcuately expanded to near the apical third, 
where they are broadly rounded or feebly angulated, then very feebly 
narrowed or parallel to the posterior angles, which are nearly rec- 
tangular; anterior margin arcuately emarginate, with an obsolete 
broadly rounded median lobe; base bisinuate, with the median lobe 
broadly rounded; surface with numerous irregular variable depres- 
sions at the sides and with two rather shallow longitudinal sulci at 
the middle, densely and irregularly punctate in the depression, the 
punctures irregular in size and shape, and becoming confluent at 
some places, the intervals finely, densely granulose, and with a few 
large remotely placed punctures. Scutellum very small and rounded. 
Elytra moderately convex, slightly wider than the pronotum at base; 
humeral angles obtusely angulated; sides broadly arcuately ex- 
panded behind the humeral angles, sinuate at the posterior coxae, 
then arcuately attenuate to the tips, which are rather acutely 
rounded, with a short acute tooth at the sutural margin, the lateral 
margins feebly serrate posteriorly. Each elytron with four more 
or less distinct longitudinal costae; the first rather broad, entire, 
extending along the suture and strongly expanded anteriorly, where 
it is connected to the suture and second costa; second costa formed 
by a series of four broad irregular reliefs, sometimes connected to 
each other by a slender smooth elevated line, and the two posterior 
reliefs connected to the first costa; third costa narrow, beginning at 
the humeral callosity and extending into a broad relief, situated 
midway between the third and fourth reliefs of the second costa, and 
connected to the fourth costa; fourth costa very narrow, not inter- 
rupted, without broader reliefs, extending from the humeral callos- 
ity to near the apex, and following the outline of the lateral margin; 
the reliefs smooth, with a few scattered fine punctures; depressions 
finely and densely punctate, the punctures becoming more or less 
confluent, and finely rugose. Abdomen beneath finely and very 
irregularly punctate, in some areas the punctures are more or less 
longitudinally confluent, sparsely clothed with moderately long, fine, 
cinereous hairs, and the intervals smooth and shining; first segment 
broadly but feebly longitudinally sulcate at middle; last segment 


78 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 63 


broadly, deeply arcuately emarginate at apex in the male, and 
acutely rounded in the female. Prosternum feebly convex, the sur- 
face sparsely and coarsely punctate, becoming coarsely rugose at the 
sides, sparsely clothed with long inconspicuous hairs; anterior mar- 
gin nearly truncate in front; prosternal process nearly flat, the sur- 
face smooth, with a double row of irregularly placed coarse punc- 
tures, from which arises a series of rather long hairs, and which are 
more distinct in the male than in the female, the sides expanded 
behind the anterior coxal cavities, then arcuately emarginate and 
narrowed to the apex, which is rather narrowly rounded. 

Le: gth, 20-29 mm.; width, 6.5-10 mm. 

‘Tuuis species was originally described by Drury from Virginia. 
it 1S a very common insect and the larvae infest various species 
of pines. It is distributed over the entire eastern part of the United 
States, and extends southward into Mexico and Central America. 
I have not seen any specimens from the West Indies, so the above 
description was made from a specimen collected in Virginia. 
Chevrolat (1867) records a single specimen having been collected 
in Cuba, which was probably imported from the United States. 
Gundlach (1891) states that it is not indigenous to Cuba, but has 
been introduced in ships from North America. 


Genus HALECIA Castelnau and Gory 


Pristiptera DEJEAN, Cat. Coleopt., 2 ed., 1833, p. 78; 3 ed., 1836, p. 88. 

Prionophora DEJEAN, Cat. Coleopt., 2 ed., 1833, p. 78; 3 ed., 1836, p. 89. 
(No described species included.) 

Leptia (part) DEJEAN, Cat. Coleopt., 2 ed., 1833, p. 78; 3 ed., 1836, p. 89. 
(No described species included.) 

Halecia CASTELNAU and Gory, Mon. Bupr., vol. 2, 1838, Buprestis, pp. 
108—114.—LacorDArrE, Gen. Col., vol. 4, 1857, pp. 23-25.—IKERREMANS, 
Wytsman’s Gen. Insectorum, fase. 12, pt. 2, 1903, pp. 69-71; Mon. 
Bupr., vol. 8, 1908-1909, pp. 386-425, pls. 20-21. 

Acantha CASTELNAU and Gory, Mon. Bupr., vol. 1, 1838, pp. 1-3, pl. 1. 

Head more or less depressed, distinctly wider in front than on 
vertex; front not narrowed by the insertion of the antennae, and 
sometimes feebly longitudinally grooved; epistoma emarginate in 
front; antennal cavities small, rounded, and situated under an ele- 
vated carina at a considerable distance from the inner margin of 
the eyes. Antennae short; first joint elongate and feebly clavate at 
apex; second short, obconic; third elongate, nearly as long as first 
joint, and feebly triangular; fourth nearly as long as third, but 
broader at apex; following joints triangular, slightly longer than 
wide, dentate on the inner side, except the last joint, which is oblong; 
the last eight joints armed with poriferous pores, and more or less 
distinct foveae on both sides of the joints. Eyes large, strongly 
convex, broadly oblong, and distinctly closer to each other on the 





-ART. 9 WEST INDIAN BUPRESTIDAE—-FISHER 79 


vertex than at the front. Pronotum wider than long, usually 
narrower in front than behind; base bisinuate; disk feebly convex 
and more or less sulcate. Scutellum small and transverse. Elytra 
rather convex, feebly lobed at base, and strongly attenuate pos- 
teriorly; lateral margins smooth or serrate posteriorly. Sternal 
cavity formed by the mesosternum and metasternum; mesosternum 
divided, the lateral branches rather long and oblique; metasternum 
truncate in front, with a shallow arcuate emargination at the mid- 
dle, and a narrow longitudinal groove on the disk. Prosternum 
convex, anterior margin truncate or arcuately emarginate; pros- 
ternal process rather wide, feebly convex, and not sulcate at middle. 
Posterior coxae slightly dilated internally; anterior margin feebly 
sinuate; posterior margin slightly oblique. Legs slightly robust; 
anterior and middle femora strongly swollen at middle, the pos- 
terior pair subcylindrical; tibiae slender and subcylindrical; tarsi 
broad and depressed, the first joint of posterior pair as long as the 
following two joints united. Body rather robust, elongate, attenuate 
in front, expanded posteriorly, and attentuate or acuminate at 
apex. 

The species of this genus are rather numerous in numbers, and 
are distributed throughout the Neotropical Region. Four species 
have been recorded from the West Indies, of which, only one has 
been seen by the writer. Pristiptera was used by Dejean (1833) for 
four species, three of which were undescribed, and the fourth being 
blanda described by Fabricius from Brazil. 

The characters used in the following key are the same as those 
used by Kerremans for separating the species of this genus. 


KEY TO THE SPECIES 


1. Lateral margin of the elytra dentate posteriorly______ verecunda Chevrolat. 
Lateral margin of the elytra not dentate posteriorly__-_________-_______ ae 
2. Tibiae cyaneo-purpureis; tarsi blackish____________ quadricolor Chevrolat. 
Tibiae and’ tarsi ferrugineous or testaceous___=2 2 8 ee 3: 
3. Elytra bronzy-green, with purplish reflection__________ erythropus (Gory). 
Elytra golden-green, with a bluish reflection__________ pyropus Kerremans. 


HALECIA VERECUNDA Chevrolat 


Halecia verecunda CHEVROLAT, Ann. Soe. Ent. France, ser. 4, vol. 7, 1867, 
pp. 573-574 (separates pp. 149-150).—Gunpriacu, Contribucion 4 la 
Entom. Cuba, vol. 3, pt. 5, 1891, pp. 156-157, No. 792.—KrRREMANS, 
Mon. Bupr., vol. 3, 1908, p. 346. 


The following is a translation of Chevrolat’s original description : 


Elongate, gradually attenuate from behind to apex, opaque and 
blackish-green; head punctate, rounded, longitudinally sulcate and 
red, front and sides green; antennae black, the third joint nearly 
as long as the first; eyes fuscous, large, and oblong; thorax moder- 
ately convex, subquadrate, front straight, base broadly biarcuate, 


80 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. Gi, 


anterior angles obtuse and declivous, the posterior ones acute, with a 
longitudinal impressed line at base, and the anterior margin green; 
scutellum smooth, rounded, and purpureous; elytra flattened, strongly 
cuneate, margin serrate, and the apex mucronate; each elytron with 
three fasciae and a longitudinal vitta toward the apex emerald-green, 
first fascia at base, second and third in front and behind the middle, 
short, oppositely obliquely placed (“vice versa oblique positis”), 
and punctate-striate, mterstice vaguely and irregularly punctate; 
body beneath minutely and regularly punctate, green with an 
emerald-green tinge, and the stigmata golden-yellow; legs green, and 
the tarsi black. Length, 23 mm.; width,4 mm. Cuba. From the 
collections of Gundlach and Poey. 

This species and the following (quadricolor) are of unusual form 
for this genus, and rather resemble the female of Anthaxia cyani- 
cornis Fabricius. 


I have not seen any specimens of this genus from Cuba, and since 
the distribution of this species is probably confined to that island, 
the species remains unknown to the writer. Gundlach (1891) re- 
cords this species from Bayamo, Cuba. This species is not repre- 
sented in the Poey collection in Philadelphia, but there is a single 
example labeled No. 792 in the Gundlach Museum in Habana, which 
is the specimen referred to by Gundlach. 


HALECIA QUADRICOLOR Chevrolat 


Halecia quadricolor CHEvRoLAT, Ann. Soc. Ent. France, ser. 4, vol. 7, 1867, p. 
574 (separates p. 150).—GunpLacH, Contribucion 4 la Entom. Cuba, 
vol. 3, pt. 5, 1891, p. 157, No. 1417.—KrErremMans, Mon. Bupr., vol. 3, 
1909, pp. 4138-414. 


The following is a translation of Chevrolat’s original description : 


Elongate, densely punctate, red; beneath green and purple inter- 
mixed, legs cyaneo-purpureous, tarsi blackish; head densely punctate 
and red, around the eyes cyaneous, vertex green; palpi and antennae 
black; eyes oblong, fuscous; thorax red, subquadrate, and the front 
narrowed and straight; base bisinuate, its margin green; lateral mar- 
gins deflexed, strongly arcuately reflexed; above with three deep 
longitudinal sulci, the dorsal line green, and deeply impressed at 
base; scutellum green, obscure, transverse and bifoveate; elytra wider 
than pronotum at base, attenuate posteriorly, obliquely mucronate, 
obsoletely denticulate, punctate-striate, red, the suture broadly sulcate 
and green; epipleura bright cyaneous. Length, 24 mm.; width, 5 
mm. Cuba. From the collections of Gundlach and Poey. 

‘This species rather approaches in form and color to Anthawia sutu- 
ralis Olivier. 


This is also a Cuban species, and no specimens have been seen 
which agrees with Chevrolat’s description. Gundlach (1891) re- 
cords it from the western part of Cuba. The species is not repre- 
sented in the Poey collection in Philadelphia, but there is a single 
example labeled No. 1417 in the Gundlach Museum in Habana, which 
is the specimen refered to by Gundlach. 


arr. 9 WEST INDIAN BUPRESTIDAE—FISHER 81 


HALECIA ERYTHROPUS (Gory) 


Buprestis erythropus Gory, Mon. Bupr. Suppl., vol. 4, 1840, p. 126, pl. 22, 
fig. 124. 

Leptia erythropus DrsEan, Cat. Coleopt., 2 ed., 1833, p. 78; 3 ed., 1836, 
p. 89. (No description.) 

Halecia erythropa FLEUTIAUX and SALLE, Ann. Soc. Ent. France, ser. 6, 
vol. 9, 1890, p. 403 (separates p. 53).—KERREMANS, Mon. Bupr., vol. 
8, 1909, p. 420. 

Male—F¥orm narrowly elongate, navicular, and feebly convex; 
above dark bronzy-green, with strong violaceous, purpureous and 
cupreous reflections, and the elytra more or less ornated with irregu- 
lar cupreous markings, which are frequently wanting; beneath simi- 
lar to above, but more shining, the legs ferrugineous, with a strong 
iridescent greenish reflection. 

Head broadly but not deeply depressed, the depression extending 
to the margin of the eyes, and from the epistoma to the vertex, and 
with an obsolete narrow longitudinal groove on the occiput and 
vertex ; surface coarsely and rather sparsely punctate, the punctures 
shallow and irregularly placed; intervals smooth; epistoma broadly, 
arcuately emarginate in front, with the outer angles of the emargina- 
tion forming an obtuse tooth. Pronotum about one and one-half 
times as wide as long, base and apex about equal in width; sides 
feebly arcuately attenuate to the basal sixth, where they are strongly 
sinuate, then obliquely expanded to the posterior angles, which are 
somewhat projecting and rather acute; anterior margin broadly 
arcuately emarginate, with the median lobe rather distinct and 
subangulate; base feebly bisinuate, with a broadly rounded median 
lobe; lateral margins rounded and only obsoletely marked poste- 
riorly; disk with a broad shallow longitudinal sulcus, which is in- 
terrupted at the middle, a transverse depression on each side along 
anterior margin, and a broad obsolete one on each side about midway 
between the median sulcus and lateral margin; surface sparsely and 
rather deeply punctate, the punctures irregular in size and arrange- 
ment, and becoming coarser at the sides; intervals smooth. Scutellum 
short, oblong, two times as wide as long, the surface smooth and 
shining. Elytra wider than pronotum at base, feebly expanded be- 
hind the humeral angles, nearly parallel to apical third, then arcu- 
ately attenuate to the tips, which are produced into an acute spine 
at the outer margin, and then strongly obliquely emarginate to the 
suture; lateral margins entire; each elytron with a short broad costa 
at apex, and several irregular obsolete impressions, which are some- 
times wanting; surface striato-punctate, the striae feebly impressed, 
and the punctures fine and more or less confused in the striae, the 
intervals feebly convex, somewhat rugose toward the sides, and 
sparsely, irregularly punctate. Abdomen beneath finely and rather 


82 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 65 


sparsely punctate, the punctures becoming denser on the antero- 
lateral part of the segments, and sparsely clothed at the sides with 
rather long, fine recumbent hairs; intervals finely and densely granu- 
lose; first segment convex, and not sulcate at middle; last segment 
truncate at apex. Prosternum coarsely, sparsely punctate, and very 
sparsely clothed with short inconspicuous hairs, and the intervals 
smooth; anterior margin truncate; prosternal process feebly flattened 
on the top, and not longitudinally sulcate, the sides feebly expanded 
behind the anterior coxal cavities, then arcuately emarginate and 
attenuate to the apex, which is obtusely rounded. 

Female.—Similar to the male, but with the last abdominal segment 
obtusely rounded at the apex. 

Length, 12-15 mm.; width 3.5-5 mm. 

This name was first used by Dejean (1823) for a species from 
North America, which he placed in his genus Zeptia, but without 
describing either the genus or species. Gory (1840) described the 
species under the same name from the specimen in the Dejean col- 
lection, and placed it in the old genus Buprestis. It has been recorded 
by Fleutiaux and Sallé (1890) from Guadeloupe, as having been 
collected by Delauney during September at Camp Jacobs, and also by 
Vitrac at Trois Riviéres and Petit Bourg on a species of Melasto- 
maceae. 

Specimens which I have determined as this species have been ex- 
amined from the following localities. Coll. U. S. Nat. Mus.: Three 
specimens, Dominica, June and July, collected by H. W. Foote of 
the Yale Expedition of 1913; and one specimen from Gaudeloupe 
(L. Defau). Coll. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist.: One specimen, Gourbeyre, 
(juadeloupe. Coll. British Mus.: One specimen, labeled Dominica, 
G. A. Ramage, 97-67, May 12, 1888. 

The elytral depressions are slightly more cupreous in the specimens 
from Guadeloupe, but there is considerable variation even in these 
specimens. It is just possible that these specimens represent the 
species described by Kerremans as pyropus from that island, but if 
so, I can not see any reason for separating the two species. 


HALECIA PYROPUS Kerremans 


Halecia pyropus Km&RREMANS, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg., vol. 37, 1893, pp. 504— 
505.—KERREMANS, Mon. Bupr., vol. 3, 1909, pp. 419-420. 


The following is a translation of Kerremans’ original description: 


Elongate, at apex attenuate, metallic golden-green, with a cyaneous 
tinge, the depressions on the head, pronotum and elytra are dark 
purpureo-violaceous; head granulose, the front excavated; pronotum 
trapezoidal, uneven, depressed on both sides, and the middle longi- 
tudinally sulecate; scutellum transverse; elytra punctate-striate, trun- 
cate and dilated at humeri, the apex attenuate and strongly muricate; 
each elytron with three impressions, first an elongate one on disk, the 


. a 


ART. 9 WEST INDIAN BUPRESTIDAE—FISHER 83 


second transverse, and placed behind the middle, and the third small 
and subapical. Body beneath punctate; legs brunneo-purpureous, 
and the tarsi green. Length, 16 mm.; width, 5 mm. The arrange- 
ment and form of the posterior part of the elytra, terminating into a 
point, gives this species the appearance of a Dicerca. Guadeloupe 
(Lherminier, by Chevrolat). 


Genus ACTENODES Lacordaire 


Actenodes DrEJEAN, Cat. Coleopt., 2 ed., 1883, p. 80; 3 ed., 1836, p. 90.— 
LACORDAIRE, Gen. Col., vol. 4, 1857, pp. 72-73.—KERREMANS, Wytsman’s 
Gen. Insectorum, fase. 12, pt. 3, 1908, pp. 193-195. 

Head vertical and much wider in front than on vertex; front flat- 
tened and narrowed by the insertion of the antennae; epistoma short 
and wide, and more or less emarginate or truncate in front; antennal 
cavities large, round, and situated at a considerable distance from 
the eyes. Antennae moderately long, variable, and dentate from the 
fourth joint, the serrate joints usually armed with poriferous foveae 
on the lower anterior margin of the joints (some of the species also 
have obsolete foveae on the upper side). Eyes very large, ellipti- 
cal, inner margin very oblique and much closer to each other on 
the vertex than on the front. Pronotum much wider than long, and 
not closely applied to the elytra at the posterior angles; anterior 
margin arcuately emarginate; sides sinuate; base with a distinct 
median lobe. Scutellum small and triangular. Elytra variable, 
shagreened or finely punctured, with or without costae, rarely with 
the sides serrate near apex, lobed at base, and strongly attenuate 
posteriorly. Sternal cavity formed by the mesosternum and meta- 
sternum; mesosternum divided, the lateral branches elongate and 
somewhat triangular; metasternum feebly emarginate or truncate 
in front. Prosternum feebly convex in front, with the anterior 
margin more or less declivous; prosternal process flat, strongly con- 
stricted by the coxal cavities, behind which it is abruptly and 
arcuately expanded on each side into a sharp tooth, and with a large 
acute tooth at the apex, which fits into the sternal cavity. Posterior 
coxae strongly dilated internally; anterior margin nearly straight ; 
posterior margin oblique. Legs rather robust; anterior and middle 
femora more or less swollen, the former nearly always dentate on 
the inner margin; tibiae normal, the anterior pair frequently arcuate 
in the males; tarsi rather short, the third joint deeply emarginate 
and divided into two long divergent spines, which extend beyond the 
fourth joint; tarsal claws simple or feebly expanded at base. Body 
oblong, rather broad, and more acuminate behind than in front. 

The name Actenodes was first used by Dejean (1833) in the sec- 
ond edition of his Catalogue des Coléoptéres, and in which he in- 
cluded bellula Mannerheim from Santo Domingo, nobilis Fabricius 
from Cayenne, and eight species of which no descriptions had been 


84 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 65 


published. In his third edition of the same work (1836), he gives 
in addition to the ones mentioned previously, viridifasciata, calca- 
rata, and chalybeitarsis, all from Mexico and credited to Chevrolat, 
of which viridifasciata is only a manuscript name, and which was 
later described by Castelnau and Gory as regularis. Lacordaire 
(1857) published a description of the genus, and in which he placed 
a number of species, some of which were previously included in this 
genus by Dejean. 

Actenodes is a rather large genus and has a wide distribution, the 
species being distributed throughout North, South, and Central 
America, Mexico, West Indies, and Africa. It is closely allied to 
Chrysobothris and Colobogaster, but can be easily distinguished 
from either of these two genera by the third joint of the tarsi 
having two long spines, which extend beyond the fourth joint. 


KEY TO THD SPECIES 


1. Elytra with distinct longitudinal costae__--.:----+.-—----~---+-+_+-_+_ 2, 
BHlyiraswithout.,longitudinal costae 2-2-2. = 5 3. 
. Pronotum transversely impressed at base; elytral markings cupreous. 
ears ae ee Ee Se ee ee marmorata (Castelnau and Gory). 
Pronotum with three longitudinal impressions; elytral markings aeneous. 
PADS ITS BER IS OLAS SO 1 es A EL fulminata (Schonherr). 
3. Elytra with the discal spots distinctly embossed, and of a green color, nar- 
rowly margined with aureo-cupreous_______________- bellula Mannerheim. 
Hytra with the, discal spots not embossed____—-_—- — "=e eee 4, 
4. Each elytron with a round aureo-cupreous spot at apical third; color above 
dark aeneous, with olivaceous and purplish reflections. 
LL LS EAT OY FAUT VE IS ee auronotata (Castelnau and Gory). 
Each elytron with an oblique green fascia at apical third; color above red- 
dish-cupregu S245 544. S20 8 ee auronotata, var. jamaicensis Fisher. 


bo 


ACTENODES MARMORATA (Castelnau and Gory) 


Chrysobothris marmorta CASTELNAU and Gory, Mon. Bupr., vol. 2, 1836, 
pp. 31-32, pl. 6, fig. 45. 


The following is a translation of the original description: 


Dark aeneous; thorax with three not very deep foveae; elytra 
cupreous, and marbled violaceous. Length, 9 lines; width, 314 lines. 
Habitat Martinique. 

Cupreous, with a feebly darker tinge. Head granulose, with a 
deep longitudinal groove at the middle, and two elevations between 
the eyes. Thorax transverse, with an impression at middle behind, 
and also one on each side, surface covered with small transverse 
rugae. Elytra granulose, with longitudinal costae, and ornated with 
an irregular blackish-violet spot at the base, and three irregular 
oblique “sinuate fasciae of the same color, the posterior one situated 
at the apex. Body beneath and legs punctate and of a beautiful 
cupreous color. ‘Tarsi violaceous. 


This is certainly closely allied to fudminata Schonherr, but ac- 
cording to the description given by Castelnau and Gory it is a larger 


ART. 9 WEST INDIAN BUPRESTIDAE—FISHER 85 


species, and the elytral markings are cupreous, while in fulminata 
they are aeneous and differently arranged. In figuring marmorata 
the pronotum is shown as being transversely impressed along base, 
while in the description they say that the pronotum has an impres- 
sion at the middle behind and another one on each side. Since their 
descriptions are very deficient, these three impressions may be con- 
nected transversely by a shallow groove, similar to some of the speci- 
mens of auronotata, in which case it would be transversely impressed 
as shown in the figure. Since Castelnau and Gory had both of the 
species before them when they described this species, I shall consider 
them as two distinct species. No specimens have been seen by the 
writer which would apply to the above description. 


ACTENODES FULMINATA (Schénherr) 


Buprestis fulminata ScHONHERR, Syn. Ins., vol. 1, pt. 3, App. 1817, p. 121, 
No. 166. 

Actenodes signata BEAUDET-LAFARGE, Dejean, Cat. Coleopt., 2 ed., 1833, 
p. 80; 3 ed., 1836, p. 90. (No description.) 

Actenodes cyanura CHEVROLAT, Silbermann’s Rey. Ent., vol. 5, 1838, pp. 
72-73. 

Chrysobothris fulminata CAaSTELNAU and Gory, Mon. Bupr., vol. 2, 1836, 
pp. 37-388, pl. 7, fig. 52. 

Actenodes fulminata Lene and MutcHtirr, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 
vol. 33, 1914, p. 480. 

Form broadly elongate, moderately convex, attenuate in front, 
more acuminate posteriorly; and narrower behind than in front, gla- 
brous and shining; head and pronotum aeneous, with a strong oliva- 
ceous and purpureous tinge; scutellum green; elytra nigro-viola- 
ceous, with irregular transverse aeneous markings; beneath oliva- 
ceous-green, with the tarsi and last abdominal segment cyaneous. 

Head feebly convex, front nearly flat, triangular, with a longi- 
tudinal groove extending from near the epistoma to vertex, the 
groove feebly impressed on the front, but becoming very deep on 
the vertex between the two nodules, which are broad, but not 
strongly elevated; surface densely, irregularly and deeply punc- 
tate, becoming strongly transversely scabrous on the anterior part; 
intervals nearly smooth, becoming obsoletely granulose on the occi- 
put; epistoma feebly, broadly emarginate in front, with an obso- 
lete median tooth; eyes large, very oblique and about two times as 
widely separated on the occiput as in auronotata. Pronotum strongly 
transverse, and moderately convex, two times as wide as long, apex 
and base about equal in width, widest at apical third; sides broadly 
rounded at apical third, then arcuately attenuate to the posterior 
angles, which are nearly rectangular; anterior margin arcuately 
emarginate, with an obsolete median lobe; base bisinuate, with a 
broad, feebly rounded median lobe; surface with a very broad longi- 


86 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 65 


tudinal median depression, deeper behind than in front, and on 
each side of which is a large, moderately deep, round depression, 
sparsely, deeply and rather regularly punctate on the disk, becom- 
ing coarsely, irregularly rugose toward the sides, the rugae long, 
strongly elevated, and widely separated; intervals finely and densely 
granulose. Scutellum very small, triangular, the sides about equal 
in length. Elytra distinctly wider than pronotum ‘at base; sides 
broadly rounded at humeral angles, nearly parallel to behind middle, 
then obliquely attenuate to the tips, which are rather acute; lateral 
margins very coarsely serrate to near middle; each elytron strongly 
angularly lobed at base, with a feeble transverse basal impression, 
and four more or less distinct sinnuate longitudinal costae, none of 
which extend to the apex; surface densely, deeply and irregularly 
punctate, the punctures becoming confluent toward the sides; inter- 
vals densely and rather coarsely granulose; each elytron ornated 
with aeneous markings, which are very narrowly margined with 
cyaneous and arranged as follows: An elongate circle enclosing a 
dark area at base and extending backward forming the letter C, 
with the opening toward the suture; at basal third a broad trans- 
verse fascia, forming posteriorly the letter W between the first and 
second costae, and then extending transversely to the suture, and 
forward along: the suture to the base; at the middle there is a very 
irregular zigzag fascia extending from the lateral margin and form- 
ing the letter M between the first and second costa, then obliquely 
backward to the suture ‘at apical third, and following the suture te 
apex, where it is sometimes connected to a narrow band along the 
lateral margin, which extends forward to the apical third; there is 
also an oblong spot behind the humeral angle. Abdomen beneath 
moderately convex, sparsely but not very deeply punctiate; intervals 
smooth and shining; last segment more densely punctured posteriorly, 
with the apex broadly sinuate and armed on each side with a 
tooth. Prosternum feebly convex, broadly truncate and declivous in 
front; surface sparsely and rather coarsely punctate, becoming ir- 
regularly striolate toward the sides; prosternal process feebly con- 
vex, strongly expanded behind the coxal cavities, the sides very 
long and acute, and extending between the anterior and middle 
coxae, the median tooth long and acute at apex. Posterior tibiae 
with a dense line of very long fine hairs on the inner margin. ~ 

Length, 15 mm.; width, 6 mm. 

This species was described by Schonherr from Brazil, and the 
above description was made from a specimen donated to the United 
states National Museum by the British Museum, which was col- 
lected at Jatahy, Brazil, and determined by Kerremans as fulminata 
Schonherr. Actenodes cyanura was described by Chevrolat from 
Cayenne, and has been placed as a synonym of fulminata by Kerre- 


aS 


ART. 9 * WEST INDIAN BUPRESTIDAE—FISHER 87 


mans. I have examined another specimen received from the British 
Museum from Cayenne, and labeled “ signata Beaud.-Lafarge, cya- 
nura Chevr.” which agrees very well with Chevrolat’s description of 
eyanura, and which only differs from the specimen of fulminata 
from Brazil in a few minor details; being smaller (12.5 mm. long; 
and 5 mm. wide), head not quite as densly rugose, median depression 
on pronotum more obsolete anteriorly, and the elytra more sparsely 
and finely punctate, otherwise they are the same, which verifies Ker- 
remans conclusions as to the synonymy. 

So far, this species has only been recorded in the literature as oc- 
curing in the West Indies, by Leng and Mutchler in their Prelimi- 
nary List of the Coleoptera of the West Indies.“ This record was 
probably copied from Linell’s card catalogue of the West Indian 
Coleoptera, in which he had recorded the original description of 
cyanura Chevrolat, and erroneously cites the locality as Martinique 
instead of Cayenne. The species probably does not occur in the 
West Indies, its distribution being restricted to South America, but 
the above description is included, so that in case its distribution 
should extend into the Antilles, it can be easily identified. 


ACTENODES BELLULA Mannerheim 


Actenodes bellula, var. sobrina MANNERHEIM, Dejean, Cat. Coleopt., 2 ed.. 
1833, p. 80; 3 ed., 1836, p. 90. (No description. ) 

Actenodes bellula MANNERHEIM, Bull. Soc. Imp. Nat. Moscou, vol. 10, no. 
8, 1837, pp. 79-SO.—CHEvRoLAT, Ann. Soc. Ent. France, ser. 4, vol. 7. 
1867, p. 584 (separates p. 160). 

Form elongate, and moderately convex, attenuate in front, more 
acuminate posteriorly, and narrower behind than in front, subo- 
paque and glabrous; dark aeneous, with a feeble olivaceous or pur- 
pureous tinge; scutellum aeneo-viridis; each elytron ornated with 
four green spots (the two discal ones strongly embossed), which are 
narrowly marginal with aureo-cupreous, and sometimes the margin 
behind scutellum narrowly cupreous; beneath aeneous, with an oliva- 
ceous tinge, and more shining and purpureous than above; tarsi 
cyaneous. 

Length, 10-14 mm.; width, 4-5.5 mm. 

This species is very closely allied to auronotata Castelnau and 
Gory, but differs from it as follows: Form more slender, elytra more 
acuminate posteriorly, surface more finely punctured, and the spots 
smaller, round, and the four discal ones distinctly embossed, and of a 
clearer green color, narrowly margined aureo-cupreous; sides of 
prosternum more coarsely punctate, and the punctures more con- 
fluent. 





17 Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., vol. 83, 1914, p. 430. 


88 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM Vou. 65 


Dejean (1833) lists bed/ula from Cuba and bellula, var. sobrina 
Mannerheim, from Santo Domingo, without giving any descriptions. 
Actenodes bellula, var. sobrina as used by Dejean is a manuscript 
name, but Mannerheim (1837) under the name of bellula gives a 
description of the A. bellula, var. sobrina Mannerheim listed by 
Dejean in his Catalogue from the island of Santo Domingo, and in 
which he writes, “ Not possessing the real Actenodes bellula Dejean, 
I have been obliged to describe the variety.” Since no description 
had been published of bellula, this name must be applied to the 
species described by Mannerheim from Santo Domingo, and sobrina 
Mannerheim will have to be placed as a synonym of that species. 
The specimen in the Dejean Collection under dellula Dejean from 
Cuba, will be the true auronotata Castelnau and Gory. 

Chevrolat (1867) records this species from Santo Domingo in the 
collection of (Dejean) Mnizech, and considers it distinct from 
auronotata. 

The species seems to be confined to Santo Domingo, and I have 
examined specimens from the following localities: Coll. British 
Mus.: Haiti, from the Chevrolat Collection. Coll. Mus. Comp. 
Zool.: Petionville and Manneville, Haiti (W. M. Mann). Coll. U. 
S. Nat. Mus.: Port-au-Prince, Haiti (R. J. Crew) received from H. 
W. Wickham. 


ACTENODES AURONOTATA (Castelnau and Gory) 


Actenodes bellula DrsEAN, Cat. Coleopi., 2 ed., 1833, p. 80; 3 ed., 1836, 
p. 90. (No description.) 

Chrysobothris auronotata CASTELNAU and Gory, Mon. Bupr., vol. 2, 1836, 
p. 20, pl. 4, fig. 30; addenda, p. 6.—JAacquELIN DuvaAn, in Ramon de 
la Sagra’s Hist. Phys. Polit. et Nat. de Vile de Cuba, Anim. Artic., 
1857, (French edition) p. 64, pl. 7, fig. 8; (Spanish edition), vol. 7, 
1857, p. 29; vol. 8, pl. 7, fig. 8. . 

Actenodes auronotata CHEVROLAT, Ann. Soc. Ent. France, ser. 4, vol. 7, 
1867, p. 584, (separates p. 160).—GunpbLacH, Contribucion 4 la En- 
tom. Cuba, vol. 3, pt. 5, 1891, p. 168, No. 201. 

Actenodes bella LeEContE, Trans. Amer, Philos. Soe., vol. 11, 1859, pp. 
240-241. 

Buprestis auriguttata Sturm, Catal. Insecten Sammlung, 1826, p. 104. 

Chrysobothris auriguttata Sturm, Catal. Kifer Sammlung, 1843, p. 61. 


Form broadly elongate and moderately convex, attenuate in front, 
more acuminate posteriorly, and narrower behind than in front, sub- 
opaque and glabrous, dark aeneous, with a feeble olivaceous or pur- 
pureous tinge; scutellum aureo-viridis; elytra ornated with aureo- 
viridis markings, sometimes the markings strongly cupreous, but 
not embossed; beneath aeneous, with an olivaceous tinge, and more 
shining and purpureous than above; tarsi cyaneous. 

Head feebly convex, front nearly flat, triangular, with a feeble 
longitudinal groove extending from near the epistoma to the vertex, 





ART. 9 WEST INDIAN BUPRESTIDAE—FISHER 89 


where it terminates abruptly into an acute elevation, there is also 
on each side of the groove at the posterior part of the front an ob- 
solete nodule; surface densely, irregularly and deeply punctate, the 
punctures very irregular in size, and becoming somewhat confluent on 
the epistoma; intervals densely and obsoletely granulose; epistoma 
broadly and feebly emarginate, broadly rounded on each side of 
the emargination, and with a short obtuse tooth at the middle; eyes 
very large, rather acutely rounded at bottom, and nearly contiguous 
on occiput. Pronotum strongly transverse and moderately convex, 
two times as wide as long, slightly narrower in front than behind, 
widest at base, with a distinct arcuate lateral carina, which curves 
inward toward the transverse impression; sides feebly arcuately 
rounded to the posterior angles, which are somewhat projecting and 
widely separated from the elytra (sometimes the sides are rather 
strongly rounded at apical third, then feebly concave to the pos- 
terior angles) ; anterior margin arcuately emarginate, with a feeble 
median lobe; base bisinuate, with the median lobe broadly and feebly 
rounded; surface abruptly declivous at the sides, with a transverse 
depression at the basal third, which is more deeply impressed on 
each side, and densely, irregularly and coarsely punctate, the punc- 
tures more elongate on the disk, and becoming somewhat confluent 
and rugose toward the sides; intervals finely, densely granulose. 
Scutellum triangular, ail sides about equal in length. Elytra dis- 
tinctly wider than pronotum at base, and with a feeble, broad basal 
depression ; sides broadly rounded at humeral angles, nearly parallel 
to apical third, then arcuately attenuate to the tips, which are con: 
jointly broadly rounded; lateral margins strongly serrate to middle; 
base acutely lobed; surfaced without costae, densely, coarsely and 
deeply punctate, the punctures somewhat irregularly placed, be- 
coming nearly confluent at sides and on basal region; intervals 
finely and densely granulose; each elytron ornated with aureo- 
viridis spots as follows: An oblong spot at base near humeral angle; 
two round spots placed transversely at middle, one near the lateral 
margin, the other on disk at middle; a round spot on disk at apical 
third, slightly closer to the suture than the median spot; the suture 
behind scutellum and near apex, and the lateral margin at humeral 
angle and near apex is also sometimes aureo-viridis with a cupreous 
tinge. Abdomen beneath moderately convex, sparsely and irregu- 
larly punctate, the punctures shallow and becoming somewhat strio- 
late on the sides of basal segment; intervals densely, obsoletely 
granulose, and with an obsolete longitudinal impression behind each 
puncture; last segment broadly truncate or obsoletely rounded at 
apex, with the angles prominent, armed on each side with a tooth 
in the female, and broadly and feebly angularly emarginate in the 
male. Prosternum short, broadly truncate and strongly declivous 


90 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM you. 65 


in front, the surface densely, coarsely punctate, and transversely 
rugose on the anterior part; prosternal process flat, very strongly 
expanded behind the coxal cavities, the sides long, very acute, and 
separating the anterior and middle coxal cavities, the median tooth 
at apex long and acute. 

Length, 10-15 mm.; width, 4.5-6.5 mm. 

This species was described by Castelnau and Gory (1836) from 
Cuba, and in figuring the species used the name awronoto, but this 
was changed to awronotata in their addenda (p. 6). MLeConte (1859) 
described the same species from a single specimen from Liberty 
County, Georgia, United States, under the name of bella. Kerre- 
mans** has erroneously placed this species as a synonym of bellula 
Mannerheim. 

Recorded from Cuba by Jacquelin Duval as the “ Golden-marked 
Chrysobothris.” Gundlach (1891) records it as found throughout 
the island of Cuba. Chevrolat (1867) says that it found over the en- 
tire island and in the collections of Gundlach, Poey, and Chevrolat. 
I have examined specimens from the following localities. Coll. 
Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist.: Rio Seco, San Carlos Estate, Guantanamo, 
Cuba, June 20, 1912; male and female, Guantanamo, Cuba (Chas. 
T. Ramsden). Coll. Carnegie Mus.: Nueva Gerona, Isle of Pines, 
July 23, 1912. Coll. British Mus.: Cuba. Coll. U. S. Nat. Mus.: 
Trinidad, Cuba, April—May, 1912 (Joe Merrill) ; Savannah, Georgia; 
Lake Worth, Florida, June 4; and Biscayne, Florida May 27 (Hub- 
bard and Schwarz); Marathon, Florida, Mar. 8, i919 (Schwarz). 
Coll. S. C. Bruner: One specimen, Santiago de las Vegas, Cuba, 
May 20, 1928 (J. Acuna). Coll. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad.: One 
specimen, Cuba (Poey Coll. No. 340). This species is also repre- 
sented in the Gundlach Museum in Habana by a single example 
labeled No. 201, which was not available for study. 


ACTENODES AURONOTATA, var. JAMAICENSIS, new variety 


Form broadly elongate and moderately convex, attenuate in front, 
more acuminate posteriorly, and narrower behind than in front, 
moderately shining and glabrous; head reddish-cupreous, with the 
reliefs olivaceous-green; pronotum reddish-cupreous, and somewhat 
olivaceous-green on disk; scutellum green; elytra reddish-cupreous, 
with the base, suture, posterior half of lateral margin, narrowly 
margined with green, and each elytron ornated with bright green 
spots as follows: A large transverse spot at base; two large nearly 
confluent spots placed transversely just in front of middle, the outer 
one smaller, more oblong, and placed near the lateral margin, the 
other one large, round, and placed on the disk; and an oblong fascia 


18 Wytsman’'s Gen. Insectorum, fase. 12, pt. 8, 1903, p. 194. 





ART. 9 WEST INDIAN BUPRESTIDAE—FISHER oe 


at apical third, which does not extend to the lateral margin nor 
suture; beneath more shining than above, olivaceous-green with a 
strong reddish-cupreous reflection, the legs more reddish-cupreous, 
and the tarsi cyaneous. 

Length, 18 mm.; width, 5.5 mm. 

L'ype locality.— Jamaica. 

Lype—W. J. Holland Collection. 

Paraty pe.—Cat. No. 26807, U.S.N.M. 

Described from two specimens kindly loaned by Dr. W. J. Hol- 
land, and which were collected by F-. Klages. There is aiso a speci- 
men loaned by the British Museum and labeled Jamaica 78-22, 
which I have placed with this variety. It differs from the type only 
in coloration, being more brownish-green, and not so reddish-cupre- 
ous as in the type. 

This species is very closely allied to awronotata Castelnau and 
Gory, but at least should be separated from that species as a good 
variety. It differs from it in the coloration, which is of a reddish- 
cupreous color, more shining, and not quite as convex, the elytra not 
quite as densely punctate and the punctures more widely separated, 
the base, suture, and posterior half of elytra margined with green, 
elytral spots bright green, the two in front of middle larger and 
nearly confluent, and with a short oblique fascia at apical third. 


Genus CHRYSOBOTHRIS Eschscholtz 


Chrysobotris EscuscHoutz, Zool. Atlas, vol. 1, 1829, p. 9; reprint, p. 8. 
Ohrysobothris Sotter, Ann. Soe. Ent. France, ser. 1, vol. 2, 1833, pp. 310- 
oll, pl. 12, fig. 29.—LaAcorRDAIRE, Gen. Col., vol. 4, 1857, pp. 75-76.— 
CASTELNAU and Gory, Mon. Bupr., vol. 2, 1836-1837, pp. 1-59, pls. 1- 
10.—KERREMANS, Wytsman’s Gen. Insectorum, fase. 12, pt. 3, 1903, pp. 
183-192.—Horn, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 18, 1886, pp. 65-124, pls. 

oi 

Odontomus Kirpy, Richardson’s Fauna Bor. Amer., vol. 4, 1887, p. 156. 
Head vertical, much wider in front than on vertex; front even or 
uneven, narrowed by the insertion of the antennae, and frequently 
separated from the vertex by a sharp transverse carina; epistoma 
broad, more or less sinuate or emarginate in front, and constricted 
posteriorly by the antennal cavities, which are small, rounded, and 
situated at a considerable distance from the eyes. Antennae moder- 
ately long; first joint elongate, clavate and feebly arcuate; second 
very short and globular; third elongate and more or less clavate; 
the first three joints as long as the following joints united; following 
joints triangular, usually transverse, and armed with a poriferous 
fovea situated on the interior margin of the joints. Eyes very large, 
elongate, inner margins very oblique, and much nearer to each other 
on vertex than at the front. Pronotum much wider than long, and 
variable in shape; base strongly bisinuate, frequently lobed at the 


92 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 65 


middle, the lobe sometimes strongly produced and truncate. Scu- 
tellum very small and triangular. Elytra variable, lobed at base, 
strongly attenuate posteriorly, with the sides near apex frequently 
serrate. Sternal cavity formed by the mesosterum and metaster- 
num; mesosternum divided, the lateral branches variable in shape; 
metasternum truncate in front, with a very feeble emargination at 
the middle. Prosternum flat or convex; anterior margin variable; 
prosternal process constricted by the coxal cavities, behind which it 
is strongly expanded, with a large acute tooth at the middle, which 
fits into the sternal cavity. Posterior coxae strongly dilated inter- 
nally; anterior margin subsinuate; posterior margin oblique. Legs 
rather robust; femora swollen at middle, and the anterior pair more 
robust, sharp on the inner margin and armed with a large obtuse 
tooth (very rarely the tooth is absent); anterior and middle tibiae 
more or less arcuate; posterior pair straight; tarsi compressed, first 
joint of posterior pair rather long, third joint feebly emarginate, 
and not armed with two long spines, the fourth very short; tarsal 
claws simple. Body oblong, rather broad, rarely elongate, and 
more attenuate behind than in front. 

The species of this genus are very numerous, and are found in 
nearly all parts of the world. Some of the species are of great 
economic importance, one of which occurs throughout the West 
Indies has become very injurious to the Australian Pine (Casuarina 
equisetifolia Forster) in the southern part of Florida, where this 
plant has been introduced for ornamental purposes. Of the other 
species found in this region, practically nothing is known of their 
life histories. 

This genus is closely allied to Actenodes, but can be easily sepa- 
rated from that genus by the absence of the two long spines on the 
third joint of the posterior tarsi. 


KHY TO THE SPHCIES 


1. Base of pronotum produced into a large rectangular lobe at middle and 
nearly covering the scutellum; prosternal process nearly smooth and very 
wide between the anterior coxal cavities, nearly two times as wide as 
thE. CAVE = Se ee ee a es SS sexpunctata (Fabricius). 

Base of pronotum not produced at middle, at most with only a broadly 
rounded median lobe; scutellum not covered ; prosternal process coarsely 


punctate and not much wider than the anterior coxal cavities_____-_ 2. 

2. Pronotum uneven, with distinct depressions and elevations____------ 3. 

Pronotum regularly convex, without depressions or elevations__---~_ 6. 
8. Eyes nearly confluent on occiput, separated by less than one-fourth 

the distance between the antennal cavities_________-_____-_------_ 4, 

Iyes more widely separated on the occiput, separated by at least one- 

half the distance between the antennal cavities_____-__--_------~- 5. 


4. Anterior femora with a large obtuse tooth on outer margin; posterior 
foveae on elytra obcordate and situated between the second and fourth 


Ze 
a. Swit 


: ART. 9 WEST INDIAN BUPRESTIDAE—FISHER 93 


=] 


10. 


11. 


12. 


138. 


14, 


15. 


16. 


aCe 


costae; last abdominal segment of female with two shallow semi-circular 
emarpinationsratapexss. ee 2 tranquebarica (Gmelin). 
Anterior femora without a tooth on outer margin; posterior foveae on 
elytra irregular and situated between the first and fourth costae; last 

abdominal segment of female broadly arcuately emarginate at apex. 
tumida Chevrolat. 


. Elytra acuminate posteriorly and produced into a spine at apex. 


antillarum Fisher. 
Elytra broadly rounded at apex______-_____ = dentipes (Germar). 


. Elytra acuminate at apex and prolonged into a spine at middle of each 


VERO ME sere ae ee ee ee SE ha ee We bella Fisher. 
Elytra rounded at apex, without a distinct median spine on each elytron_ 7 


. Sides of pronotum strongly angulated near the apical angles_________ 8 


Sidesto& pronotum ynotianeulated seek = were est ey oy | Ue eer eh so 12. 


. Pronotum with transverse green, violaceous, and reddish-cupreous fasciae 


quadrimaculata (Fabricius). 
ROMO FUMIE ITAL CO LOL CC tesa ee a nL es eee Cer Re ee cee 9. 


. Klytra with two green fasciae________________ lepida Castelnau and Gory 


Elytra without green fasciae, but with round green or concolorous depres 
STON SS S2 8c 6). creamy nes pf prea reer bees cn ld vey 13 Viren th aoyen dal 124 10 
Elytral spots feebly cupreous or concolorous, the posterior two placed 
ErANSVETSE] Vee oe oe Se pl el megacephala Castelnau and Gory. 
Elytral spots green, the posterior two placed obliquely______________ ate 
Epistoma with a narrow acutely rounded emargination at middle; elytral 
spots large, and with a green humeral spot on each elytron. 
chlorosticta Thomson. 
Epistoma broadly angularly emarginate in front; elytral spots small, and 
without the green humeral spots_________________ parvofoveata Fisher. 
Sides of pronotum widest near apical angles__._____________________ aS; 
Sides of pronotum regularly arcuate, widest near the middle__________ 16. 
Pronotum dark aeneous; elytra violaceous-black, with transverse green and 
Led dish-Cupreousyfasciaes 2951s scp. Tate ahs thomae Kerremans. 
Pronotum, reddish-cupreous’ or, violaceous-.--.=.=--2 14. 
Pronotum violaceous-green; elytra purpureous, with transverse green fas- 
(S51 sea OS eS tery TSA CEP Pa a wolcotti Fisher. 
Pronotum reddish-cupreous; elytra brownish-aeneous, with greenish or 
VLOLECEOUS” TIATICMN SSo = A See) 5 RS Ta TO Se) SS Leet 15. 
Each elytron with the base and two round discal spots green, and the basal 
and median foveae deeply impressed; pronotum with rather sparsely 
placed elongate. punctures ==. 2b hispaniolae Fisher. 
Each elytron with the base, suture at basal fourth, and two transverse 
fasciae green or olivaceous, the median foveae only feebly impressed ; 
pronotum with rather densely placed round punctures. 
thoracica (Fabricius). 
Anterior femora with the tooth serrate on the exterior margin. 
insulana Fisher. 
Anterior femora with the tooth not serrate on the exterior margin_____ Lue 
Elytral markings golden-green ; antero-median spot transversely oblique and 
usually connected along the lateral margin with the transverse basal 
fascia; pronotum arcuately rounded at sides______ sexfasciata Schaeffer. 
Elytral markings bluish-green, large, oblong, and not connected along the 
lateral margin to the basal fascia; pronotum feebly arcuately rounded 
and nearly parallel at the sides____ sexfasciata, var. jamaicensis Fisher. 


94 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 65 


CHRYSOBOTHRIS SEXPUNCTATA (Fabricius) 


Buprestis impressa Ouivier, Entomol., vol. 2, gen. 32, 1790, pp. 44-45, pl. 
5, fig. 42 (Name preoccupied) ; Enc. Method, vol. 5, Buprestis, 1790, p. 
226, no. 67.—HeErBstT, Nat. Syst. Ins. Kafer, vol. 9, 1801, p. 233, pl. 
150, fig. 4. 

Buprestis sexpunctata Fasricrus, Syst. Eleuth., vol. 2, 1801, p. 206, no. 
111.—ScHONHeERR, Syn. Ins., vol. 1, pt. 3, 1817, p. 255, no. 216. 

Buprestis splendens Vort, Catal. Coleopt., vol. 1, 1801, p. 96, pl. 51, fig. 20. 

Colobogaster serpunctata CASTELNAU and Gory, Mon. Bupr., vol. 2, 1836, p. 
Dapl..2, fief. 

Chrysobothris sexpunctata WATERHOUSE, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Coleopt., vol. 
3, pt. 1, 1887, p. 35. 

Male.—¥orm broadly oblong, and moderately convex, subopaque ; 
color green, with a strong cupreous or aureous tinge, each elytron 
ornated with three round green impressed spots, and arranged as 
follows: One at the basal lobe, the second on middle of disk just in 
front of the middle, and a smaller one at apical third, placed closer 
to the lateral margin than the suture; beneath green, tip of abdomen 
and tarsi cyaneous. 

Head nearly flat, with the front long, triangular, and the sides 
obliquely narrowed to the apex; occiput rather narrow and feebly 
longitudinally carinate, front with a broad transverse crescent- 
shaped depression, which is more deeply longitudinally impressed 
at the middle, causing an arcuate elevation behind and two semi- 
circular elevations in front, there is also a narrow deep groove ex- 
tending arcuately around the antennal cavities, and connected to a 
much deeper transverse groove behind the epistoma; vertex with an 
obsolete chevron-shaped groove; surface coarsely and rather densely 
punctate, the punctures somewhat confluent on the front, and ir- 
regularly placed; intervals finely and densely granulose; eyes very 
large, strongly convex, about evenly rounded at bottom and top, 
and separated on the occiput by one-half the distance between the 
antennal cavities, which are surrounded by a narrow circular de- 
pression, bordered posteriorly by a sharp arcuate carina; epistoma 
broadly angularly emarginate at middle, with the lobe on each side 
strongly angulated at middle; antennae rather long, third joint 
cylindrical, clavate, and about as long as the following four joints 
united. Pronotum strongly transverse, one and one-half times as 
wide as long at median lobe, widest just in front of middle, apex 
and base about equal in width; sides obliquely expanded to near 
middle, where they are emarginate and abruptly declivous, then 
arcuately rounded to the posterior angles, which are acute, the lateral 
margin sharply defined, extending from base to apical third and 
not visible from above; anterior margin nearly straight, with an 
obsolete median lobe; base very deeply arcuately emarginate on each 
side at the elytral lobe, with the median lobe strongly produced 





ART. 9 WEST INDIAN BUPRESTIDAE—FISHER 95 


backward, and feebly broadly rounded at the apex; surface feebly 
convex, with a rather deep, round depression on each side of disk 
in front of elytral lobe, sparsely and rather deeply punctate, the 
punctures irregular in size and well separated; intervals finely and 
densely granulose. Scutellum very small and nearly concealed by 
the median lobe of pronotum. Elytra distinctly wider than prono- 
tum at base; sides broadly rounded at humeral angles, nearly paral- 
lel to apical third, then arcuately attenuate to the tips, which are 
produced into an acute tooth near the suture; lateral margins finely, 
obsoletely serrate to near the middle, the teeth very short and irregu- 
larly placed; humeri rather prominent; base produced into a broadly 
rounded lobe; surface finely and rather densely punctate, the inter- 
vals obsoletely granulose; each elytron with an obsolete longitudinal 
costa along suture behind the middle, a similar one along the lateral 
margin, and with three round green depressed spots as noted above. 
Abdomen beneath densely and finely punctate, with spots of dense 
pubescence on the sides of the segments, and the intervals obsoletely 
granulose and more shining than above; first segment feebly im- 
pressed at middle; last segment deeply longitudinally concave, and 
the lateral margins with a distinct emargination near the apex, with- 
out a serrate submarginal ridge, the apex deeply and arcuately 
emarginate, with a strongly elevated longitudinal carina on each 
side of the emargination. Prosternum with a broadly rounded 
median lobe in front, surface somewhat gibbose, sparsely and very 
finely punctate, and the intervals obsoletely granulose; prosternal 
process feebly convex, very wide between the coxal cavities, only 
teebly dilated behind them, and the apex with a short triangular 
tooth. Femora robust; anterior pair with a broad round obtuse 
tooth on the outer edge, placed closer to the apex than base, and 
strongly dentate on the exterior margin. Anterior and middle 
tibiae strongly arcuate, the former flattened on the inner surface, 
but without any dilatation; the posterior pair straight and sub- 
cylindrical. 

Female.—Difters from the male in having the first abdominal seg- 
ment more deeply depressed at middle, and the apex of the last ven- 
tral segment not as deeply emarginate, and the emargination more 
broadly, and not acutely arcuate. 

Length, 15 mm.; width, 6.5 mm. 

Described from South America by Fabricius without giving any 
definite locality. The species is rather common throughout the 
northern part of South America and has been recorded from Nica- 
ragua, but has not been previously reported from the West Indies. 
In the United States National Museum collection are two specimens 
labeled Barbados, W. I., February 2, 1908 (F. J. Clarke-Ballou 
No. 969). 

45554—25—Proc.N.M.vol.65——_17 


96 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 65 


CHRYSOBOTHRIS TRANQUEBARICA (Gmelin) 


Buprestis impressa Fasrictus, Mant. Ins., vol. 1, 1787, p. 182, no. 61. 
(Preoccupied. ) 

Buprestis tranquebarica GMELIN, Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., 18 ed., vol. 1, pt. 4, 
1788, p. 1932, no. 74. 

Buprestis excavata Outvier, Ene. Method., vol. 5, 1790, Buprestis, p. 2382, 
no. $5.—Fasrictus, Ent. Syst., vol. 1, pt. 1, 1792, p. 206, no. 84; Syst. 
Eleuth., vol 2, 1801, p. 205, no. 105. 

Chrysobothris fraterna MANNERHEIM, Bull. Soc. Imp. Nat. Moscou, vol. 10, 
no. 8, 1837, pp. 75-76. 

Chrysobothris rugosa MANNERHEIM, Bull. Soc. Imp. Nat. Moscou, vol. 10, 


no. 8, 1837, pp. 74-75. 
Chrysobothris denticulata CASTELNAU and Gory, Mon. Bupr., vol. 2, 1837, 


p. 46, pl. 8, fig. 62. 
Chrysobothris denticollis Gory, Mon. Bupr. Suppl., vol. 4, 1840, p. 178, pl. 


30, fig. 173. 

Chrysobothris impressa CHEVROLAT, Ann. Soc. Ent. France, ser. 4, vol. 7, 
1867, p. 586 (separates p. 162).—GunpLaAcH, Contribucion 4 la Entom. 
Cuba, vol. 3, pt. 5, 1891, pp. 169-170; An. Soc. Espan. Hist. Nat., ser. 2, 
vol. 22, 1894, p. 623.—STAHL, Fauna de Puerto Rico, 1882, p. 171. 

Chrysobothris tranquebarica FLEUTIAUX and SALLE, Ann. Soc. Ent. France, 
ser. 6, vol. 9, 1890, p. 404 (separates p. 54).—FisHeErR, Proc. Ent. Soc. 
Wash., vol. 20, 1918, pp. 173-177.—Snyper, Journ. Agri. Research, vol. 
16, 1919, pp. 155-168, pls. 18-21, text figs. 1-2. 

Male—F¥orm short, rather broad, and strongly depressed, sub- 
opaque; head cupreous or aeneous, with the epistoma auro-viridis; 
pronotum and elytra dark aeneous; each elytron with four foveae, a 
deep one at basal lobe, a more shallow one near humerus, a large 
bilobed one on disk near middle, interrupting the second costa, and 
an obcordate one at apical third, situated between the second and 
fourth costae, usually the foveae are concolorous, but sometimes the 
discal ones are of a lighter shade, and rarely of a reddish-cupreous 
color; beneath dark aeneous and more shining than above. 

Head flat, with the front triangular and the sides very strongly 
obliquely narrowed to the vertex; occiput very narrow, and with a 
distinct longitudinal carina, which is sometimes feebly forked ante- 
riorly and forming a chevron; front flat, deeply transversely im- 
pressed behind the epistoma, with a short sinuate carina behind 
each antennal cavity, and a more elevated one at middle of front, 
the carinae not extending entirely to the margins, there is also a 
narrow groove extending arcuately around the antennal cavities and 
margined posteriorly by a short elevated carina; surface densely and 
coarsely punctate, the punctures confluent, and the reliefs forming 
a network of irregular polygonal areas, rather densely clothed with 
very fine, long inconspicuous hairs; eyes very large, strongly convex, 
more acutely rounded on top than at bottom, and nearly confluent 
on the occiput; epistoma narrow, elevated, broadly triangularly 
emarginate at middle, with the lobes broadly rounded; antennae 


ART. 9 WEST INDIAN BUPRESTIDAE—FISHER 97 


rather long, very pubescent, third joint as long as the following 
three joints united, the outer joints compact. Pronotum strongly 
transverse, more than two times as wide as long, widest along middle, 
slightly narrower in front than behind; sides obliquely expanded 
from apex to apical third, then nearly parallel and feebly sinuate 
to basal third, and finally arcuately attenuate to the posterior angles, 
which are nearly rectangular; anterior margin arcuately emarginate, 
without a distinct median lobe; base arcuately emarginate on each 
side at the elytral lobe, with a broadly rounded median lobe, which 
is subtruncate in front of scutellum; disk moderately convex, with 
an obsolete median depression, on each side of which, is an oblique 
post-apical one, and three other feebly impressed ones between the 
middle and side; surface coarsely and deeply punctate, the punctures 
well separated on the disk, but becoming denser and somewhat 
confluent at the sides; intervals nearly smooth. Scutellum moderately 
large, longer than wide, and the surface obsoletely granulose. Elytra 
wider than pronotum at base, but about equal in width to it at mid- 
dle; sides broadly rounded at humeral angles, nearly parallel to 
apical third, then arcuately attenuate to the tips, which are obtusely 
rounded; lateral margins strongly serrate to the humeral angles: 
humeri moderately prominent; base with a rather acutely angulated 
lobe; disk feebly convex, and each elytron with four costae, the 
first extending to apex along suture, elevated to basal third, then 
continuing as a smooth line to basal fovea, the second feebly ele- 
vated, beginning at the basal depression, interrupted by the median 
fovea, and continuing to the posterior fovea, the third feebly ele- 
vated, and extending between the median and posterior foveae, and 
the fourth rather strongly elevated, extending along the lateral 
margin behind the posterior fovea, but not attaining the apex; 
surface coarsely and densely punctate, the punctures regular in size, 
but becoming denser and more confluent toward the sides; intervals 
smooth. Abdomen beneath sparsely and very coarsely punctate, 
the punctures elongate, with the posterior margins not well defined, 
sparsely clothed with long cinereous hairs, the intervals obsoletely 
granulose, sides of segments with flat smooth spaces and the poste- 
rior angles prolonged into an acute tooth; first segment broadly 
concave; last segment with the lateral margins entire, with a strongly 
elevated serrate submarginal ridge, and deeply arcuately emarginate 
at the apex. Prosternum broadly rounded in front, and without 
a median lobe; surface transversely depressed along anterior margin, 
sparsely, finely punctate, transversely rugose, and sparsely clothed 
with long cinereous hairs; prosternal process flat, strongly expanded 
behind coxal cavities, and the apex with a long triangular tooth. 
Femora robust, anterior pair with a large obtuse tooth on the outer 


98 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL. 65 


edge, situated closer to the apex than base, and feebly dentate on 
the exterior margin. Anterior tibiae suddenly reflexed at middle 
and not dilated at apex; middle pair strongly arcuate; posterior 
pair straight. 

Female—Differs from the male in having the front of head less 
pubescent and the chevron on vertex more distinct, anterior and 
middle tibiae nearly straight, the last ventrai segment of abdomen 
with a broad median carina at base, a depression on each side, and 
the apex with two shallow semi-circular emarginations, the median 
tooth short and the lateral ones long and acute. 

Length, 12-16 mm.; width, 5-7 mm. 

There has been considerable confusion in regard to the identifica- 
tion of this species. This insect is a common and destructive enemy 
of the red mangrove (2hizophora mangle Linnaeus) but did not 
become of any great economic importance until about the year 1916, 
when it attacked the Australian Pine (Casuarina equisetifolia Fors- 
ter) planted in southern Florida for shade and ornamental purposes. 
As this insect is rather widely distributed throughout the West In- 
dies, and the Australian pine is also being planted in these islands, 
it may become an economic problem in that region. The specimens 
do not seem to vary except in the coloration of the elytral foveae, in 
some specimens the foveae are unicolorous with the elytra, while in 
others they are distinctly purplish. It has a rather wide distribu- 
tion, having been taken in nearly all of the Antilles and the southern 
part of Florida. So far, there are no authentic records of it having 
been collected in Cuba, and this is rather strange, since its natural 
food plant is found on this island. The only other species with 
which it could be confused is twmida Chevrolat, described from 
Cuba, but is easily separated from that species by the anterior 
femora having a large obtuse tooth on the outer margin. 

Fabricius (1787) described the species from ‘“ Tranquebarica ” 
under the name @mpressa, which he had previously used (1775) for 
another species from “ Indiis.” Gmelin (1788) proposed the new 
name tranguebarica for this species. Olivier (1790) proposed a new 
name excavata for the same species, and this name was used by 
Fabricius in all his later works. Fabricius and Olivier, either did 
not know of Gmelin’s work, or would not recognize his names, as 
the name tranquebarica was not used by either of these writers in 
their works. Mannerheim (1837) described the species as fraterna 
from Porto Rico, and rwgosa from an unknown locality. Castelnau 
and Gory (1837) described denticulata from Guadeloupe, and gives 
an excellent figure of the species, which is the species found in 
Florida, but in their addenda places it as a synonym of fraterna 
Mannerheim. Gory (1840) described denticollis from Colombia, 
which is not different from denticulata. Chevrolat (1867) records 


4 





ART. 9 WEST INDIAN BUPRESTIDAE—FISHER 99 


it from Santo Domingo and Guadeloupe, in the collection of the 
author, and writes that it is common in these two islands and prob- 
ably will be found in Cuba. Gundlach (1891) records it from the 
same localities. Fleutiaux and Sallé (1890) record it from Guade- 
loupe: Camp Jacobs (Delauney); Basse-Terre, “dans les poteaux 
de la cour du séminaire” (P. Coste) (Vitrac). Snyder (1919) re- 
cords the habits of this species in Florida and gives methods for 
combating it. It is also recorded by Gundlach (1894), and Stahl 
(1882) from Porto Rico. 

Specimens have been examined from the following localities: 
Coll. British Mus.: St. Domingue and Guadeloupe (Coll. Chevro- 
lat); St. Thomas; Caliveny Est., windward side, Grenada (H. H. 
Smith). Coll. U. S. Nat. Mus.: Higueral, Santo Domingo, April 11, 
1913 (J. R. Johnson) ; Mayaguez, Porto Rico, May 20, 1914 (R. H. 
Van Zwalenburg) ; Higueral, Santo Domingo, February, 1916 (E. G. 
Smyth). Coll. H. W. Wickham: Port-au-Prince, Haiti (R. J. Crew). 
Coll. Mus. Comp. Zool.: Grande Riviere, St. Mare and Cape Haitien, 
Haiti (W. H. Mann). Coll. Porto Rico Exp. Sta.: San Sebastian, 
Porto Rico, April 20, 1921 (G. N. Wolcott). Coll. Amer. Mus. Nat. 
Hist.: Mangrove Cay, Andros Island, Bahamas, May-June (W. H. 
Mann); Mayaguez, Porto Rico, May 30, 1914 (R. H. Van Zwalen- 
burg); Sanchez, May 24, 1915, and San Lorenzo, June 29, 1915, 
Dominican Republic (F. E. Watson) ; Mannville, Gaure road, Haiti, 
Feb. 6, 1922 (F. E. Watson). 


CHRYSOBOTHRIS TUMIDA Chevrolat 


Chrysobothris tunvida CHEVROLAT, Ann. Soe. Ent. France, ser. 4, vol. 7, 
1867, p. 585 (separates p. 161).—GuNpDLACcH, Contribucion 4 la Entom. 
Cuba, vol. 3, pt. 5, 1891, pp. 168-169, no. 839. 

Female.—Form short and broad, strongly depressed, subopaque; 
color above dark aeneous, with a strong purpureous reflection; each 
elytron with ten feeble purpureous or concolorous foveae, four of 
which are distinct and the remainder more or less obsolete, and ar- 
ranged as follows: A deep round one at basal lobe, a narrow trans- 
verse obsolete one along base near humeral angle, a broad and deeper 
one behind the second, a broad obsolete one along suture behind the 
first, three small obsolete ones along lateral margin behind the 
humerus, a large distinct bilobed one on disk near middle, interrupt- 
ing the second costa, a distinct zigzag one at apical third, situated 
between the first and fourth costae, and partially interrupted by the 
third coata, and an elongate obscure one near the apex; beneath 
aeneous, more shining than above, and with strong purpureous 
reflections. 

Head flat, with the front triangular, and the sides very strongly 
obliquely narrowed to the vertex; occiput very narrow and longi- 


100 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 65 


tudinally carinate; front flat, deeply transversely impressed behind 
the epistoma, and with two transverse irregular elevations, which are 
more or less obsolete and extending nearly to the eyes, there is also 
a narrow groove extending around the antennal cavities and mar- 
gined posteriorly by a short elevated carina; vertex with a distinct 
transverse arcuate smooth elevation extending to the eyes; surface 
densely and coarsely punctate, the punctures confluent, irregular in 
shape and size, and rather sparsely clothed with long, fine, erect 
hairs, which do not conceal the surface; eyes large, more acutely 
rounded on top than at bottom, and nearly confluent on the occiput; 
epistoma narrow, elevated, broad triangularly emarginate at the 
middle, with the lobes broadly rounded; antennae rather long, and 
very pubescent, third joint as long as the following three joints 
united, the outer joints compact. Pronotum strongly transverse, two 
and one-half times as wide as long, widest along middle, slightly 
narrower in front than behind; sides obliquely expanded to apical 
third, then parallel to basal third, and finally strongly concavely 
attenuate to the posterior angles, which are rectangular; anterior 
margin arcuately emarginate, without a median lobe; base broadly 
arcuately emarginate on each side at the elytral lobes, with a broadly 
rounded median lobe, which is broadly and feebly emarginate in 
front of scutellum; disk moderately convex, with a very feeble 
median depression, and on each side of which is a round deep de- 
pression in front of elytral lobe, and a deeper transverse one along 
the anterior margin, there are also two more or less obsolete irregular 
depressions at the sides; surface coarsely and densely punctate, the 
punctures irregularly placed, and becoming coarser and confluent at 
the sides; intervals nearly smooth. Scutellum very long and acum- 
inate at apex, and the surface obsoletely granulose. Elytra wider 
than pronotum at base, but almost equal in width to it at the middle; 
sides broadly rounded at humeral angles, nearly parallel to apical 
third, then arcuately attenuate to the tips, which are obtusely 
rounded; lateral margins strongly serrate to the humeral angles; 
humeri moderately prominent; base with a rather acutely rounded 
_lebe; disk feebly convex, and each elytron with four costae, the first 
extending from apex along suture, and elevated to basal third, where 
it bacomes obsolete, the second feebly elevated, beginning at the pos- 
terior fovea, extending forward to near the base, and interrupted by 
the median fovea, the third feebly elevated and extending from the 
median fovea to near the apex, and narrowly interrupted by the pos- 
terior fovea, and the fourth rather strongly elevated, extending along 
the lateral margin behind the posterior fovea, but not quite attaining 
the apex; surface coarsely and densely punctate, the punctures denser 
and more confluent in the foveae and toward the sides; intervals 
smooth. Abdomen beneath coarsely and sparsely punctate, with the 


ART. 9 WEST INDIAN BUPRESTIDAE—FISHER 101 


posterior margins not well defined, sparsely clothed with long recum- 
bent hairs along sides, and the intervals obsoletely granulose; sides of 
segments with flat smooth spaces and the posterior angles produced 
into an acute tooth; first segment feebly concave at middle; last seg- 
ment with the lateral margins entire, with a strongly elevated serrate 
submarginal ridge, and broadly, but not deeply arcuately emarginate 
at apex. Prosternum broadly and obsoletely emarginate in front, 
without a median lobe; surface transversely depressed along anterior 
margin, sparsely and rather coarsely punctate, transversely rugose 
anteriorly, and sparsely clothed with long cinereous hairs; prosternal 
process flat, strongly expanded behind the coxal cavities, and the 
apex with a long triangular tooth. Anterior and middle femora 
moderately robust, the former without the usual large tooth; poste- 
‘rior pair subcylindrical and not enlarged at middle. Anterior and 
middle tibiae feebly arcuate and subcylindrical; posterior pair 
straight. 

Length, 15 mm.; width, 7.5 mm. 

The locality given by Chevrolat (1867) in the original description 
is Cuba, from the central part of the island in the collections of 
Gundlach and Poey. Gundlach (1891) records it from Cuba with- 
out giving any additional notes. 

The above description was made from two female specimens 
kindly loaned by the Academy Natural Sciences Philadelphia, and 
labeled Cuba (Poey Coll. No. 986). (One of these specimens has 
been donated to the U.S. National Museum). There is also a single 
example of this species labeled No. 839 in the Gundlach Museum in 
Habana, which has not been available for study. 

The species is very closely allied to tranguebarica Gmelin and 
might be easily mistake for that species. It is, however, easily dis- 
tinguished from that species by the anterior femora not having the 
usual large tooth on the outer margin, by being broader in propor- 
tion to its length, sides of pronotum parallel at middle, posterior 
foveae on the elytra more irregular and extending between the first 
and fourth costae, and the last ventral segment of the abdomen in 
the female broadly, but not deeply arcuately emarginate at the apex, 
while in tranquebarica the female has two semi-circular emargina- 
tions at the apex. The species seems to be rare in collections, as no 
specimens have been recorded except the ones mentioned by Chev- 
rolat in the Gundlach and Poey Collections. It seems to be confined 
to Cuba, and probably has a different food plant from tranquebarica. 


CHRYSOBOTHRIS ANTILLARUM, new species 


Female.—Elongate, rather broad and moderately convex, sub- 
opaque; head green, with the median parts violaceous-black; prono- 
tum aeneous, with obsolete violaceous-black areas, and anteriorly mar- 


102 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 65 


gined with green; scutellum and elytra violaceous-black, the latter 
with the sutural margins green, and each elytron with three deeply 
depressed green foveae, one at the basal lobe, the second on middle 
of disk just in front of middle, and the posterior one at apical third, 
situated closer to the lateral margin than the suture; beneath vio- 
laceous-black, with the median parts green. 

Head feebly convex, with the front triangular, and the sides fee- 
bly arcuately rounded; occiput narrow and obsoletely longitudinally 
carinate; front with a broad concavity, which is deeper at the 
epistoma; vertex with an obtuse elevation, not extending to the sides, 
and behind which, is an obsolete arcuate carina forming an acute arc 
with the sides of front; surface coarsely and densely punctate, the 
punctures shallow, irregular and confluent on the front, becoming 
finer along eyes and on occiput, bottom of punctures finely granulose, 
and the intervals smooth, sparsely clothed with rather long incon- 
spicuous hairs; eyes large, strongly convex, more acutely rounded at 
bottom than on top, and separated on the occiput by one-half the 
distance between the antennal cavities; epistoma very deeply nar- 
rowly and acutely emarginate in front, the lobe on each side form- 
ing an arc from the bottom of the emargination, and becoming 
nearly transverse at the sides; antennae moderately long, third joint 
broad, strongly clavate, and about as long as the following three 
joints united. Pronotum very strongly transverse, slightly more 
than two times as wide as long, widest at apical third, narrower 
behind than in front; sides strongly but not acutely angulate at 
apical third, then feebly sinuate and strongly obliquely attenuate to 
the posterior angles, which are nearly rectangular; anterior mar- 
gin arcuately emarginate, with a broadly rounded obsolete median 
lobe; base broadly angularly emarginate on each side at elytral 
lobes, the median lobe broadly rounded, and broadly truncate in 
front of scutellum; surface somewhat uneven and feebly convex, 
with a broad obsolete impression at middle, and a smaller oblong 
one on each side, there is also a broad transverse impression along 
anterior margin at middle, and the sides are abruptly declivous, the 
lateral margins sharp, straight, and not visible posteriorly from 
above, sparsely and deeply punctate, the punctures rather fine on 
the disk, but becoming coarser and more confluent toward the sides, 
the surface is also feebly transversely rugose on disk, more irregu- 
larly rugose at sides, and the intervals finely and densely granulose. 
Scutellum very small, triangular, with the sides equal in length and 
the surface obsoletely granulose. Elytra distinctly wider than pro- 
notum at base; sides broadly angularly rounded at humeral angles, 
nearly parallel to apical third, then arcuately attenuate to the tips, 
which are produced into an acute tooth at the middle of each elytron; 


ART. 9 WEST INDIAN BUPRESTIDAE—FISHER 103 


lateral margins strongly serrate to the middle; humeri rather promi- 
nent; base strongly angularly lobed; surface densely and finely punc- 
tate, the punctures becoming coarser, confluent and somewhat rugose at 
the sides, the intervals finely and densely granulose; each elytron with 
a distinct longitudinal carina along suture, extending from the apex 
to middle, and a more obsolete one along the lateral margin, there is 
a broad shallow impression at the humerus, and three deep round 
green ones on the disk as mentioned above. Abdomen beneath 
sparsely and coarsely punctate, the punctures shallow posteriorly, 
irregularly placed, and from each one arises a rather long erect hair; 
intervals nearly smooth; first segment broadly, but feebly impressed 
at middle; last segment with the lateral margins entire, without a 
submarginal ridge, and the apex with two semi-circular emargina- 
tions, the median tooth nearly as long, but more obtuse than the 
lateral ones. Prosternum with a distinct broadly rounded median 
lobe in front, behind which, the surface is broadly depressed; sur- 
face very coarsely punctured posteriorly, finely, transversely rugose 
in front, and sparsely clothed with long inconspicuous hairs; pros- 
ternal process nearly flat, strongly expanded behind the coxal cavi- 
ties, and with a large triangular tooth at apex. Femora robust; 
anterior pair with a large obtuse tooth on the outer edge near mid- 
dle, which is strongly dentate on the exterior margin. Anterior and 
middle tibiae arcuate, the former flattened on the inner surface, and 
without any dilatations; posterior pair straight and subcylindrical. 

Length, 12 mm.; width, 5 mm. 

Type locality Bridgetown, Barbados. 

Type.—Coll. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. 

Described from a single female collected at the type locality by 
Dayton Stoner on May 11, 1918. It is closely allied to C. cordicollis 
described by Castelnau and Gory from South America. Since their 
description is so short and incomplete, and the specimen before me 
does not entirely agree with the description given by these authors, 
I am describing it as new. 


CHRYSOBOTHRIS DENTIPES (Germar) 


Buprestis dentipes GERMAR, Ins. Spee. Novae, vol. 1, 1824, pp. 38-39, No. 63. 

Buprestis characteristica Harris, New England Farmer, ser. 1, vol. 8, 1829, 
Dy 22 no: J 

Chrysobothris dentipes MANNERHEIM, Bull. Soc. Imp. Nat. Moscou, vol. 
10, No. 8, 1887, p. 76. 

Chrysobothris plicata DEJEAN, Cat. Coleopt., 2 ed., 1833, p. 80; 3 ed., 
18386, p. 90. (No description. ) 

Chrysobothris planata CASTELNAU and Gory, Mon. Bupr., vol. 2, 1837, 
Chrysobothris, pp. 56-57, pl. 10, fig. 77. 

Chrysobothris posticalis CASTELNAU and Gory, Mon. Bupr., vol. 2, 1837, 
Chrysobothris, p. 56, pl. 10, fig. 76. 


45554—25— Proc.N.M.vol.65——_18 


104 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM Vou. 65 


Buprestis ruficornis StTurM, Catal. Ins. Sammlung, 1826, p. 105. 

Chrysobothris ruficornis Sturm, Catal. Kifer Sammlung, 1848, p. 61. 

Chrysobothris rotundicollis CASTELNAU and Gory, Mon. Bupr., vol. 2, 1837, 
Chrysobothris, p. 51, pl. 9, fig 69. ‘ 

Male.—F orm broadly elongate, strongly depressed, and subopaque; 
color dark aeneous with a cupreous tinge; elytra with numerous 
irregular smooth costae; antennae aeneous, with joints four to 
eleven in greater part testaceous; beneath cupreous, and more shin- 
ing than above. 

Head feebly convex, with the front flat and triangular, and the 
sides obliquely narrowed to the vertex, where they are feebly arcu- 
ately expanded; occiput rather wide, with a broad smooth longi- 
tudinal carina, which is grooved in the middle; front somewhat 
uneven, but without distinct impressions; vertex without transverse 
carina; surface coarsely, densely, and irregularly punctate, the punc- 
tures shallow and confluent, forming a network of irregular polyg- 
onal areas, the sides of which are smooth and in some places 
sharply elevated and rugose, rather densely clothed with long, very 
fine erect hairs, which do not conceal the surface; eyes not very 
large, narrow, feebly convex, bottom and top about equal in width, 
but more truncate at the bottom, and separated on the occiput by 
about the same distance that separates the antennal cavities; epis- 
toma depressed, broadly triangularly emarginate in front, with the 
lobe on each side strongly angulate at the middle; antennae rather 
long, third joint only a little longer than the fourth, and the fol- 
lowing joints very compact. Pronotum strongly transverse, nearly 
two times as wide as long, widest at apical third, slightly narrower 
behind than in front; sides broadly rounded to apical third, then 
feebly sinuate and obliquely attenuate to the posterior angles, which 
are rectangular; anterior margin arcuately emarginate, with an 
obsolete median lobe; base bisinuate, with a very broad median lobe, 
which is broadly truncate in front of scutellum; surface uneven, the 
disk moderately convex, with a broad median sulcus, wider in front 
and limited on either side by a broad elevated smooth space, between 
which and the margin are two large irregular depressions, one near 
the anterior margin and the other at base, the latter margined pos- 
teriorly with an acutely elevated carina, surface also densely and 
coarsely punctate, the punctures irregularly placed and becoming 
confluent in the depressions and at sides. Scutellum small, trian- 
gular, with the sides equal in length, and the surface obsoletely 
granulose. Elytra distinctly wider than pronotum at base; sides 
broadly rounded at humeral angles, nearly parallel to apical third, 
then arcuately attenuate to the tips, which are separately, narrowly 
rounded; lateral margins feebly serrate to the middle, the teeth very 
short and more closely placed teward the apex; humeri not very 





ART. 9 WEST INDIAN BUPRESTIDAE—-FISHER 105 


prominent; base broadly rounded, without a distinct lobe; disk 
rather flat, with a deep basal depression, the first costa along suture 
distinct on apical half, terminating in front in a vague, smooth 
space, between this costa and lateral margin are three somewhat 
transverse, broad smooth spaces of irregular shape, the surface be- 
tween these is densely, coarsely, and irregularly punctate. Abdomen 
beneath coarsely but not very closely punctate, the punctures with 
the posterior margins not well defined, and from the center of each 
arises a very short inconspicuous hair; intervals nearly smooth; first 
segment feebly depressed at middle; last segment longitudinally 
depressed along lateral margins, which are serrate, without a sub- 
marginal ridge, and with the apex broadly arcuately emarginate. 
Prosternum truncate in front and without a median lobe; surface 
coarsely and sparsely punctate, more densely and finely along the 
anterior margin, and sparsely clothed with long inconspicuous cine- 
reous hairs; prosternal process nearly flat, strongly expanded behind 
the coxal cavities, and with a large acute triangular tooth at apex. 
Femora robust; anterior pair with a large obtuse tooth on the outer 
edge, closer to the apex than base, and serrate on the exterior margin. 
Anterior and middle tibiae rather strongly arcuate, flattened on the 
inner surface and feebly dilated near the apex; posterior pair feebly 
arcuate and subcylindrical. 

Female.—Differs from the male in having the head a little more 
convex, more coarsely punctured, not as pubescent, and with more 
or less distinct smooth callosities; last abdominal segment with a 
very small acute emargination at apex; anterior and middle tibiae 
only feebly arcuate and the posterior pair straight. 

Length, 10-18 mm.; width, 4-7 mm. 

This species is easily distinguished from any other species of this 
genus found in the West Indies by the antennae having joints four 
to eleven in the greater part distinctly testaceous. 

The species was described by Germar (1824) from North America, 
and later under a number of names as given above by various 
authors. The species is rather common and is found throughout 
the greater part of the United States, the larvae living in various 
species of pine. Castelnau and Gory (1837) described rotundicollis 
from Saint Domingo, and the following is a translation of their 
original description : 

Dark aeneous, strongly punctured. Thorax rounded on the sides, 
with two elevated longitudinal lines, more obscure at the middle. 
Elytra with irregular, cupreous impressions. of which the two most 
prominent are situated a little posteriorly. Body and feet cupreous. 
Length, 6 lines; width, 21/4 lines. 

A specimen received from the British Museum and labeled Haiti, 
Saunders 74-18, agrees with the figure and description of rotund:- 


106 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 65 


collis, although their description is short and does not include the 
essential characters used at present for separating the species of 
this genus. In comparing this specimen with specimens of dentipes 
Germar from the United States, I can not find any differences. 
These authors * give a figure of a species which they have identi- 
fied as dentipes Germar, but it is certainly not the species described 
by Germar from North America, and since Castelnau and Gory 
apparently did not know the true dentipes, I am inclined to place 
rotundicollis as a synonym of dentipes Germar. There is a unique 
specimen under the name votundicollis in the British Museum, but 
the specimen has not been examined. 


CHRYSOBOTHRIS BELLA, new species 


Female—F¥orm rather broad and moderately convex, and shining; 
above bright bluish-green, and each elytron ornated with reddish- 
purpureous markings, all of which are obsoletely separated from 
the suture, and arranged as follows: One covering basal fourth, 
arcuately rounded posteriorly, and enclosing the green basal depres- 
sion and humerus; a rather broad transverse fascia just behind the 
middle, the margins irregular and expanded both near the suture 
and lateral margin; and a rather narrow crescent-shaped fascia at 
apical third, feebly oblique, with the concavity toward the apex; 
beneath green; tarsi cyaneous. 

Head flat, with the front triangular, and the sides obliquely nar- 
rowed to apex; occiput narrowly and longitudinally carinate; front 
broadly and irregularly impressed, the impression causing an obso- 
lete transverse elevation near vertex, in front of which the impres- 
sion is deeper, and extending longitudially on each side to the 
antennal cavities; surface very coarsely and irregularly punctate, 
and the front sparsely clothed with short inconspicuous hairs; inter- 
vals finely and densely granulose; eyes large, strongly convex, more 
arcuately rounded at bottom than on top, and separated on the 
occiput by about one-half the distance between the antennal cavi- 
ties; epistoma broadly angularly emarginate in front, and the lobes 
broadly rounded; antennae short, third joint as long as the follow- 
ing four joints united. Pronotum strongly transverse, nearly two 
times as wide as long, widest near apex, slightly narrower behind 
than in front; sides rather strongly angulated near apex, slightly 
sinuate at middle, then feebly arcuately rounded to posterior angles, 
which are rather acute and closely applied to the elytra; anterior 
margin feebly arcuately emarginate, with an obsolete median lobe; 
base very strongly angularly emarginate on each side at the elytral 
lobes, the median lobe broadly rounded, and truncate in front of 





19 Mon. Bupr., vol. 2, 1857, Chrysobothris, p. 52, pl. 9, fig. 70. 


ART. 9 WEST INDIAN BUPRESTIDAE—FISHER 107 


scutellum; surface evenly convex, without impressions, but trans- 
versely rugose, and coarsely, sparsely punctate, the punctures ir- 
regularly placed, and becoming denser and more oblong toward the 
sides; intervals finely and densely granulose. Scutellum small, tri- 
angular, with the sides equal in length, and the surface obsoletely 
granulose. Elytra distinctly wider than pronotum at base; sides 
broadly rounded at humeral angles, nearly parallel to middle, then 
strongly, arcuately attenuate to the tips, which are produced into 
an acute tooth at the middle of each elytron; lateral margins 
strongly serrate to middle, with the teeth rather widely separated: 
humeri moderately prominent; base strongly angularly lobed; surface 
without costae, but each elytron with a round deep impression behind 
the basal lobe, as shallow one near humerus, and witha very feeble im- 
pression on the median and postmedian green fasciae, sparsely and 
regularly punctate, the punctures much coarser and denser on the 
green fasciae, and becoming nearly obsolete at the apex; intervals 
finely and densely granulose. Abdomen beneath coarsely and very 
irregularly punctate; first and second segments feebly depressed at 
middle; last segment with the lateral margins entire, without a 
serrate submarginal ridge, and the apex with two deep semicircular 
emarginations, with the median tooth as long as the lateral ones. 
Prosternum with a narrow declivous lobe at middle; surface sparsely. 
coarsely punctate, and somewhat rugose, and sparsely clothed with 
recumbent cinereous hairs; prosternal process flat, strongly ex- 
panded behind the coxal cavities, and with a triangular tooth at 
apex; anterior coxal cavities separated by about their own diameter. 
Femora robust; anterior pair armed with a large rounded tooth on 
outer margin near middle, the tooth with a double row of fine 
teeth on its exterior margin. Anterior tibiae flattened, feebly 
arcuate, and without any dilatations; middle and posterior pairs 
subeylindrical and straight. 

Leneth, 7-9.5 mm.; width, 3.24 mm. 

Type locality—Mustique Island, Grenadines, W. I. (H. H. 
Smith). 

Other localities —Woburn (south end), Grenada, W. I. (H. H. 
Smith). 

Type—British Museum. 

Paratype.—Cat. No. 26808, U.S.N.M. 

Described from two females received from the British Museum. 
The type is from Mustique, and the paratype, which only differs 
from the type in being smaller, is from Woburn, both specimens 
having been collected by H. H. Smith. The species is very closely 
allied to pulchra Castelnau and Gory described from South America, 
without any definite locality. Not having any specimens of pulchra 
for comparison, and on account of the authors’ descriptions being 


108 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 65 


so short and incomplete, I am obliged to describe it as a new species. 
In their description of pulchra they state that the pronotum has a 
small longitudinal line at the middle, which is entirely absent in 
the West Indian specimens. In comparing the specimen with their 
figure of pulchra, that species seems to be larger and more elongate, 
the pronotum not angulate near the anterior angles, and with a 
longitudinal line at middle, the reddish fasciae on elytra are broader 
in comparison to the green areas, and the tips of the elytra are con- 
jointly acute, while in de//a each elytron is produced into an acute 
tooth at middle. 


CHRYSOBOTHRIS QUADRIMACULATA (Fabricius) 


Buprestis quadrimaculata Fasricius, Gen. Ins. Mant., 1776, pp. 236-2387 ; 
Spee. Ins., vol. 1, 1781, p. 280; Mant. Ins., vol. 1, 1787, p. 183.— 
OLIviER, Entomol., vol. 2, gen. 32, 1790, p. 76, pl. 10, fig. 110; Ency. 
Method., vol. 5, 1790, p. 238.—IFapricrus, Syst. Eleuth., vol. 2, 1801, 
p. 208. 

Male—Form rather elongate and moderately convex, subopaque ; 
head aeneous, with a cupreous reflection; pronotum violaceous, with 
a transverse green fascia at the anterior margin, the fascia narrowly 
margined anteriorly with a reddish-cupreous color, and a rather wide 
transverse reddish-cupreous fascia (strongly expanded at the sides) 
at basal third; scutellum and elytra violaceous; each elytron with 
base, suture, lateral margin, and a narrow transverse postmedian 
fascia green, all the green areas narrowly margined with a reddish- 
cupreous color; there is also a transverse oblong reddish-cupreous 
spot in the middle of the anterior violaceous area, and a smaller, 
somewhat triangular spot of the same color in the middle of the 
posterior violaceous area; beneath aeneous, with a strong bluish- 
ereen tinge, the sides of the posterior coxae and prosternum reddish- 
cupreous and more shining than above; tarsi cyaneous. 

Head flat, with the front triangular, and the sides feebly arcuately 
rounded; occiput narrowly obsoletely longitudinally carinate; front 
not impressed; vertex with an arcuate transverse elevation forming 
an are with the sides of the front; surface sparsely, very coarsely, but 
not deeply punctate, the punctures irregularly placed, becoming con- 
fluent in some parts, and from the center of each puncture arises a 
moderately long recumbent cinereous hair; intervals finely densely 
granulose; eyes large, strongly convex, more acutely rounded at 
bottom than on top, and separated on the occiput by one-half the 
distance between the antennal cavities, epistoma broadly arcuately 
emarginate in front, the lobes broadly rounded; antennae short, third 
joint as long as the following four joints united. Pronotum strongly 
transverse, one and one-half times as wide as long, widest near apex, 
front and base about equal in width; sides strongly, abruptly and 


ART, 9 WEST INDIAN BUPRESTIDAE—FISHER 109 


arcuately expanded near apical angles, then feebly sinuate, and 
nearly parallel to the posterior angles, which are rather acute and 
closely applied to the elytra; anterior margin feebly arcuately 
emarginate, with an obsolete median lobe; base strongly angularly 
emarginate on each side at the elytral lobes, the median lobe broadly 
rounded and truncate in front of scutellum; surface evenly convex, 
without impressions, sparsely and rather deeply punctate, the punc- 
tures irregularly placed and becoming coarser toward the sides; 
intervals densely, obsoletely granulose. Scutellum very small, tri- 
angular, with the sides equal in length and the surface obsoletely 
granulose. Elytra distinctly wider than pronotum at base; sides 
broadly rounded at humeral angles, nearly parallel to behind the 
middle, then arcuately attenuate to the tips, which are conjointly 
broadly rounded; lateral margins strongly serrate to near the mid- 
dle, the teeth rather widely separated ; humeri rather prominent; base 
not very strongly lobed; surface without costae, but each elytron with 
a rather shallow impression at the basal lobe, and a shallow trans- 
verse one along base extending to the humerus, and with a broad 
obsolete impression on the anterior reddish-cupreous area, sparsely, 
finely and irregularly punctate, the punctures irregular in size, and 
the intervals finely and densely granulose. Abdomen beneath 
sparsely and coarsely punctate, the punctures very shallow, irregu- 
larly placed, and from each puncture arises a recumbent cinereous 
hair; intervals obsoletely granulose and more shining than above; first 
segment only obsoletely flattened; last segment with the lateral mar- 
gins entire, without a serrate submarginal ridge, and with the apex 
broadly arcuately emarginate. Prosternum with a narrow, declivous 
lobe in front, and the surface more coarsely and deeply punctate than 
the abdomen; prosternal process flat, strongly expanded behind the 
coxal cavities, and with a triangular tooth at apex; anterior coxal 
cavities separated by about their own diameter. Femora robust; ante- 
rior pair with a sharp tooth on the outer edge near middle, the tooth 
not serrate on the exterior margin. Anterior tibiae slightly arcuate, 
feebly flattened and without any dilatations; posterior and middle 
pairs nearly straight and subcylindrical. 

Fenvle.—Differs from the male in having the head more cupreous, 
and the apex of the last abdominal segment with two semicircular 
emarginations, and the median tooth more obtuse and not as long as 
the lateral ones. 

Length, 8.5 mm.; width, 3.9 mm. 

This beautiful species can be easily separated from all the other 
West Indian species of this genus by the transverse green, violaceous 
and reddish-cupreous fasciae on pronotum. 

The original locality given by Fabricius (1776) is “India” and 
from the short description it would be impossible to recognize the 


a 
wl 


110 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vor. ( 


species, but Olivier (1790) gives a very good description and figure 
of the species described by Fabricius. Fabricius (1801) under 
quadrimaculata cites Olivier’s redescription of this species, so there 
is scarcely any doubt as to Olivier’s identification of the species. 
Specimens which agree with the description and figure given by 
Olivier have been examined from the following localities. Coll. 
British Mus.: One female, labeled West Indies, without any definite 
locality. Coll. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist.: Two males, labeled Jamaica. 
(One of these specimens donated to the U. S. Nat. Mus. Coll.) 


CHRYSOBOTHRIS LEPIDA Castelnau and Gory 


Chrysobothris lepida CASTELNAU and Gory, Mon. Bupr., vol. 2, 18386, p. 16. 
pl. 3, fig. 23.—JAcquzLIn DuvaAL, in Ramon de la Sagra’s Hist. Phys. 
Polit. et Nat. de Vile de Cuba, Anim. Artic, 1857 (French Edition), 
p. 64; (Spanish Edition) vol. 7, 1857, p. 28.—CHEvrRoLAT, Ann. Soc. 
Ent. France, ser. 4, vol. 7, 1867, p. 585 (Separates p. 161).—GuNDLACH, 
Contribucion 4 la Entom. Cuba, vol. 3, pt. 5, 1891, p. 168, No. 505. 

Male.——Form broadly elongate, moderately convex and subopaque; 
head cupreous, with the reliefs purplish-green; pronotum, scutelluim, 
and elytra purpureous, with a distinct greenish tinge; each elytron 
ornated with bright green marks as follows: A transverse fascia at 
base, a slightly oblique one just in front of middle, and a more trans- 
verse one at apical third, the fasciae wider and more rounded in- 
ternally, not reaching to the suture, and the posterior one sometimes 
divided into two round spots; beneath greenish-black, with a strong 
purpureous tinge, and more shining than above; antennae cupreous; 
tarsi cyaneous. 

Head feebly convex, with the front triangular and the sides feebly 
arcuately rounded; occiput narrow and longitudinally carinate; 
front not impressed; vertex with an obsolete arcuate transverse ele- 
vation, forming an are with the sides of the front; surface densely 
and coarsely punctate, the punctures somewhat confluent on the 
front and from the center of each puncture arises an inconspicuous 
cinereous hair; intervals obsoletely granulose; eyes large, strongly 
convex, more acutely rounded at bottom than on top, and separated 
on the occiput by about the same distance that separates the antennal 
cavities; epistoma deeply, narrowly, and acutely emarginate, the 
lobe on each side forming an are from the bottom of the emargina- 
tion; antennae short, third joint about as long as the following 
three joints united. Pronotum strongly transverse, one and four- 
fifths times as wide as long, widest near apex, slightly narrower at 
base than in front; sides strongly, abruptly, and acutely expanded 
near apical angles, then feebly sinuate and slightly narrowed to the 
posterior angles, which are nearly rectangular and closely applied to 
the elytra; anterior margin broadly arcuately emarginate with a 


art. 9 WEST INDIAN BUPRESTIDAE—FISHER Lt 


broadly rounded median lobe; base broadly arcuately emarginate on 
each side at the elytral lobes, the median lobe broadly rounded, and 
truncate in front of scutellum; surface evenly convex, without im- 
pressions, rather densely, deeply, and coarsely punctate, the punc- 
tures becoming larger and more confluent at the sides; intervals 
densely and obsoletely granulose. Scutellum very small, triangular, 
the sides equal in length, and the surface obsoletely granulose. 
Elytra distinctly wider than pronotum at base; sides broadly rounded 
at humeral angles, nearly parallel to near apical third, where they 
are slightly wider, then arcuately attenuate to the tips, which are 
conjointly broadly rounded; lateral margins strongly, coarsely ser- 
rate to near the middle; humeri not prominent; base broadly ar- 
cuately lobed; surface without costae, but each elytron with a round, 
deep impression at the basal lobe, and a broad, shallow one on the 
premedian green fascia, densely and finely punctate, the punctures 
coarse and more confluent on the green areas and at sides and apex: 
intervals finely and densely granulose. Abdomen beneath sparsely 
and coarsely punctate, the punctures shallow and irregularly placed, 
and from each puncture arises a short semierect cinereous hair; in- 
tervals nearly smooth and more shining than above; first eeenieut 
not impressed at middle; last segment with the lateral margins entire, 
with an obsolete serrate submarginal ridge, and the apex broadly 
arculately emarginate. Prosternum with a narrow, broadly rounded 
median lobe, which is feebly declivous in front, the surface more 
coarsely and deeply punctate than the abdomen; prosternal process 
flat, angularly emarginate between the coxal cavities, then strongly 
expanded on each side, with a rather acute tooth at apex; anterior 
coxal cavities separated by a little more than their own diameter. 
Femora robust; anterior pair with a large, acute tooth on the outer 
edge near middle, the tooth not serrate on the exterior margin. An- 
terior and middle tibiae slightly arcuate, the former flattened and 
with an obsolete dilatation at the apex; posterior pair subcylindrical 
and straight. 

Female—Difters from the male in having the head olivaceous- 
green, occiput more strongly carinate, eyes: more widely separated, 
first and second abdominal segments feebly flattened, last ventral 
segment truncate at apex, with a sharp tooth at each side, and an 
irregular submarginal ridge, and the anterior tibiae without any 
dilatations. 

Length, 6 mm.; width, 8 mm. 

Described from Cuba by Castelnau and Gory. Recorded from the 
same island by Jacquelin Duval. Chevrolat (1867) records it from 
the eastern and central part of Cuba, in the collections of Gundlach, 
Poey, and the author. Gundlach (1891) records having collected it 
in all parts of the island of Cuba and in Porto Rico. The specimens 


EV? PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 65 


which he records from Porto Rico are probably Chrysobothris wol- 
cotti Fisher, as no specimens of lepida have been seen from that 
island. 

Specimens have been examined from the following localities. Coll. 
U.S. Nat. Mus.: Cayamas, Cuba, January to June (E. A. Schwarz) ; 
Long Island, Bahamas, January 4, 1879 (E. A. Schwarz). Coll. 
Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.: Cuba (Poey Coll. No. 117). Coll. Amer. Mus. 
Nat. Hist.: Banon San Vicente (near Vinales), Cuba, elevation about 
1,000 feet in a valley in the Sierra de los Organos, September 16, 
1913, the vegetation consisting of palms, guava, and many other 
shrubs and trees (Chas. W. Leng). Coll. S. C. Bruner: Santiago de 
las Vegas, Cuba, January 18, 1922 (S. C. Bruner). The species is 
also represented in the Gundlach Museum in Habana by two ex- 
amples labeled No. 505, and by a single example in the British 
Museum, neither of which have been examined. 


CHRYSOBOTHRIS MEGACEPHALA Castelnau and Gory 


Chrysobothris megacephala CASTELNAU and Gory, Mon. Bupr., vol. 2, 1836, 
Da13, Divo, 11S es: 

Male——Form rather elongate, moderately convex and subopaque; 
color uniformly dark aeneous; each elytron with four round, deep 
impressions, which are slightly more aureous or cupreous at the 
bottom ; tarsi aeneo-piceous. 

Head feebly convex, with the front triangular and the sides 
obliquely narrowed to the vertex; occiput moderately wide and obso- 
letely longitudinally carinate; front not impressed; vertex with a 
transverse elevation; surface densely and coarsely punctate, the 
punctures on the front rather shallow, irregular, and nearly conflu- 
ent, the sides forming a network of polygonal areas, the bottom of 
which are granulose, rather densely clothed with long semi-erect 
silvery-white hairs, which do not obscure the surface; eyes large, 
strongly convex, more acutely rounded at bottom than on top and 
separated on the occiput by slightly less than the distance between 
the antennal cavities; epistoma narrowly and deeply emarginate in 
front, the lobe on each side forming an are from the bottom of the 
emargination; antennae rather long, third joint about as long as 
the following four joints united. Pronotum strongly transverse, 
nearly two times as wide as long, widest at apical third, apex and 
base about equal in width; sides very strongly angulated at apical 
third, then slightly arcuately rounded and feebly narrowed to post- 
erior angles, which are rather acute; anterior margin arcuately 
emarginate, with an obsolete median lobe; base rather strongly arcu- 
ately emarginate on each side at the elytral lobe, with the median 
lobe broadly rounded, and truncate in front of scutellum; surface 


arr, 9 WEST INDIAN BUPRESTIDAE—FISHER 113 


evenly convex, without impressions, rather densely and deeply punc- 
tate, the punctures well separated on the disk, but becoming coarser 
and somewhat confluent at the sides; intervals obsoletely granulose. 
Scutellum small, triangular, the sides equal in length and the sur- 
face obsoletely granulose. Elytra distinctly wider than the pro- 
notum at base; sides broadly rounded at humeral angles, slightly 
sinuate and nearly parallel to behind middle, where they are slightly 
wider, then arcuately attenuate to the tips, which are conjointly 
broadly rounded; lateral margins strongly serrate to the middle, the 
teeth short and widely separated; humeri not very prominent; base 
arcuately lobed; surface without costae, but each elytron with a 
round deep impression at basal lobe, a broad obsolete one at humerus, 
a round deep one on middle of disk just in front of the middle, and 
two round ones placed transversely at apical third, the interior one 
not as deeply impressed, densely and rather deeply punctate, the 
punctures rather fine on the disk but becoming coarser and more 
confluent toward the sides; intervals densely and finely granulose. 
Abdomen beneath coarsely and rather densely punctate, the punc- 
tures very shallow, irregularly placed, and becoming finer toward 
the sides, sparsely clothed with long recumbent cinereous hairs; 
intervals obsoletely granulose; first segment feebly depressed at 
middle; last segment with the lateral margins entire, with an obso- 
lete serrate submarginal ridge, and the apex broadly arcuately 
emarginate, with a very small acute notch on each side at the 
apical angles. Prosternum with a distinct median lobe in front, 
behind which the surface is abruptly and broadly depressed and 
sparsely and very irregularly punctate; prosternal process flat, 
strongly expanded behind the coxal cavities, and with a large tri- 
angular tooth at apex. Femora robust; anterior pair with a large 
acute tooth on the outer edge at middle, which is not serrate on the 
exterior margin. Anterior tibiae arcuate, flattened, and with a dis- 
tinct broad dilatation at apex; middle pair strongly sinuate near 
apex; and the posterior pair straight and subcylindrical. 

Female.—Differs from the male in having the front of head more 
convex and the sides feebly arcuately rounded, apex of abdomen 
with two semi-circular emarginations (the median tooth not as long 
as the lateral ones), anterior tibiae without dilatations, and the mid- 
dle pair straight. 

Length, 9 mm.; width, 4 mm. 

This species is closely allied to chlorosticta Thomson, and parvo- 
foveata Fisher, but can be distinguished from either of these two 
species by the elytral foveae being cupreous or concolorous with the 
elytra, and the four posterior ones transversely placed, while in the 


114 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 65 


first two species the foveae are green, and the posterior ones obliquely 
placed. 

The locality given by Castelnau and Gory in their original de- 
scription of this species is Port-au-Prince, Haiti, and the above de- 
scription was made from specimens from the type locality. Speci- 
mens have been examined from the following localities. Coll. U.S. 
Nat. Mus.: Port-au-Prince, Haiti; Higueral, Santo Domingo, Feb- 
ruary, 1916 (KE. G. Smyth); Santa Rita, Porto Rico, July, 1913 
(E. G. Smyth). Coll. H. F. Wickham: Port-au-Prince, Haiti (R. J. 
Crew). Coll. British Mus.: St. Domingo. Coll. Amer. Mus. Nat. 
Hist.: Ensenada, Porto Rico, May, 1915, Breeds in A gati grandiflora 
(EK. G. Smyth). Coll. Porto Rico Exp. Sta.: Higueral, Santo Do- 
mingo, April 13, 1918 (W. V. Tower). Coll. Mus. Comp. Zool.: 
St. Marc, Haiti (W. M. Mann). 

Kerremans”° places octosignata described by Waterhouse * as a 
synonym of this species, but I have been unable to find that Water- 
house has used that name for a species of Chrysobothris. 


CHRYSOBOTHRiS CHLOROSTICTA Thomson 


Chrysobothris chlorosticta (Laferté Mss.) THomson, Typi. Bupresti- 
darum, 1878, p. 78. 

Male——F¥orm rather elongate, moderately convex, and subopaque ; 
above aeneous, with a strong purpureous tinge; each elytron ornated 
with bluish-green markings as follows: A large round spot at basal 
lobe, an oblong spot on humerus, and extended to the base, a large 
round ante-median spot, and two small round spots at apical third. 
of which the exterior one is placed obliquely in advance of the ante- 
rior one; dorsal segments of abdomen bright green at the sides; be- 
neath aeneous, with purpureous and cupreous reflections; tarsi 
cyaneous. 

Head feebly convex, with the front triangular and the sides 
obliquely narrowed to the vertex; occiput rather wide and longitudi- 
nally carinate; front not impressed; vertex with a transverse eleva- 
tion; surface densely and coarsely punctate, the punctures on the 
front shallow, irregular, and nearly confluent, the sides forming a net- 
work of polygonal areas, the bottom of which are granulose, sparsely 
clothed with long, recumbent cinereous hairs; eyes large, strongly con- 
vex, more acutely rounded at bottom than on top, and separated on 
the occiput by about the same distance as between the antennal 
cavities; epistoma with a narrow acutely rounded emargination at 
middle, the lobe on each side of the emargination obliquely rounded ; 
antennae rather long, third joint about as long as the following four 


20 Wytsman’s Gen. Insectorum, fase. 12, pt. 3, 1903, p. 191. 
"1 Biol. Centr.-Amer., Coleopt., vol. 3, pt. 1, 1887, p. 38. 


saRT. 9 WEST INDIAN BUPRESTIDAE—FISHER 115 


joints united. Pronotum strongly transverse, nearly two times as 
wide as long, widest near apical third, slightly narrower behind than 
in front; sides very strongly angulated near apical third, then feebly 
sinuate and obliquely narrowed to the posterior angles, which are 
rather acute; anterior margin arcuately emarginate, with a broadly 
rounded obsolete median lobe; base arcuately emarginate on each side 
at the elytral lobe, the median lobe broadly rounded, and truncate in 
front of scutellum; surface evenly convex, without impressions, 
rather densely and deeply punctate, the punctures well separated on 
the disk, but becoming coarser and more confluent toward the sides; 
intervals obsoletely granulose. Scutellum small, triangular, the sides 
equal in length, and the surface obsoletely granulose. Eytra dis- 
tinctly wider than pronotum at base; sides broadly rounded at 
humeral angles, slightly sinuate and parallel to behind middle, then 
arcuately attenuate to the tips, which are conjointly broadly rounded ; 
lateral margins strongly serrate to the middle, the teeth large, widely 
and irregularly placed; humeri not very prominent; base broadly 
arcuately lobed; surface without costae, but with all the green spots 
deeply impressed, except those on the humeri, rather densely, deeply, 
and regularly punctate, the punctures becoming somewhat confluent 
and rugose toward the sides; intervals densely and finely granulose. 
Abdomen beneath coarsely, sparsely, and irregularly punctate, and 
very sparsely clothed with long, recumbent, cinereous hairs; intervals 
obsoletely granulose; first segment feebly impressed at middle; last 
segment with the lateral margins entire, with an obsolete serrate 
submarginal ridge, and the apex broadly but not deeply arcuately 
emarginate. Prosternum with a distinct median lobe in front, be- 
hind which the surface is abruptly and broadly depressed, with only 
a few coarse punctures along the sides, and sparsely clothed with 
long cinereous hairs; prosternal process flat, nearly smooth, strongly 
expanded behind the coxal cavities, and with a very large triangular 
tooth at apex. Femora robust; anterior femora with a large acute 
tooth on the outer edge near the middle, the exterior margin not ser- 
rate. Anterior tibiae feebly arcuate, flattened on the inner margin, 
and with a distinct dilatation near the apex; middle pair strongly 
sinuate near apex; posterior pair straight, subcylindrical, and with a 
series of stiff hairs on the outer margin near apex. 

Female.—Difters from the male in having the front of head 
slightly more convex, sides more arcuately rounded, elytral spots of 
a brighter green color, and the posterior ones larger, sides of pro- 
notum more concave posteriorly, apex of abdomen with two semi- 
circular emarginations (the median tooth not as long as the lateral 
ones), anterior tibiae without dilatations, and the middle and _ pos- 
terior ones straight. 

Length, 10.5 mm.; width, 4.25 mm. 


116 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM you. 65 


This species is closely allied to megacephala Castelnau and Gory, 
and parvofoveata Fisher. From the former it is distinguished by 
the elytral markings being green and the posterior foveae placed 
obliquely on the elytron, and from the latter by having the humeral 
angles green, elytral spots larger, and the epistoma more acutely 
emarginate at the middle. 

The above description of the male was made from a specimen 
labeled “ St. Domingo,” in the collection of the British Museum, and 
that of the female, in the collection of the American Museum of 
Natural History, collected by F. W. Watson at Villa Rivas, 20 miles 
west of Sanchez, Dominican Republic, on June 19, 1915. The col- 
lecting was done along the north bank of the Ura River to a point 
one mile east of the town. The locality given by Thomson in the 
original description is simply “ St. Domingo.” 


CHRYSOBOTHRIS PARVOFOVEATA, new species 


Female—Form rather elongate, moderately convex, and sub- 
opaque; color uniformly dark aeneous; each elytron with four small, 
round spots, which are deeply impressed, bright green at the bottom, 
and arranged as follows: One at the basal lobe, a similar one just 
in front of the middle, and two others near the apical third, of which 
the exterior one is considerably in advance of the interior one; tarsi 
cyaneous. 

Head rather strongly convex, with the front triangular, and the 
sides feebly arcuately rounded; occiput wide, with a broad smooth 
longitudinal carina; front not impressed; vertex with an obsolete 
transverse elevation; surface densely and coarsely punctate, the punc- 
tures somewhat confluent near the antennal cavities, sparsely clothed 
with long, inconspicuous cinereous hairs; intervals obsoletely gran- 
ulose; eyes large, strongly convex, more acutely rounded at bottom 
than on top, and separated on the occiput by about the same dis- 
tance as between the antennal cavities; epistoma broadly angularly 
emarginate in front, the lobe on each side broadly rounded; antennae 
rather short, third joint about as long as the following three joints 
united. Pronotum strongly transverse, nearly two times as wide as 
long, widest at apical third, slightly narrower behind than in front; 
sides very strongly angulated at apical third, then feebly sinuate, and 
obliquely attenuate to the posterior angles, which are rather acute; 
anterior margin arcuately emarginate, with a broadly rounded 
median lobe; base arcuately emarginate on each side at the elytral 
lobes, the median lobe broadly rounded, and narrowly truncate in 
front of scutellum; surface evenly convex, without impressions, 
rather densely and coarsely punctate, the punctures somewhat con- 
fluent toward the sides; intervals finely and densely granulose. 


ART. 9 WEST INDIAN BUPRESTIDAE—FISHER 117 


Scutellum very small, triangular, with the sides equal in length. 
Elytra distinctly wider than pronotum at base; sides broadly 
rounded at humeral angles, nearly parallel to behind the middle, then 
arcuately attenuate to the tips, which are conjointly broadly rounded; 
lateral margins strongly serrate to the middle, the teeth large and 
rather evenly spaced; humeri not prominent; base broadly arcuately 
lobed; surface with very indistinct longitudinal costae at apex, with 
eight round deep depressions as noted above, densely and deeply 
punctate, the punctures becoming denser and confluent toward the 
sides; intervals finely and densely granulose. Abdomen beneath 
sparsely, coarsely, and irregularly punctate, and very sparsely 
clothed with long inconspicuous cinereous hairs; intervals obso- 
letely granulose; first segment broadly depressed at middle; last seg- 
ment with the lateral margins entire, with an obsolete serrate sub- 
marginal ridge, and the apex with two semicircular emarginations, 
the median tooth only about one-half as long as the lateral ones. 
Prosternum with a distinct median lobe in front, behind which the 
surface is abruptly and broadly depressed, and with only a few 
large, irregularly placed punctures, and very sparsely clothed with 
long cinereous hairs; intervals smooth; prosternal process flat, 
strongly expanded behind the coxal cavities, and with a very large 
triangular tooth at apex. Femora robust; anterior pair with a 
large acute tooth on outer edge near middle, the exterior margin of 
which is not serrate. Anterior tibiae arcuate, flattened on the inner 
surface, and without any dilatations, the middle and posterior pairs 
straight and subcylindrical. 

Length, 9 mm.; width, 3.75 mm. 

Type locality—Port-au-Prince, Haiti. 

Type.—Cat. No. 26809, U.S.N.M. 

Described from a single female collected at the type locality by 
R. J. Crew and received through the kindness of H. F. Wickham. 
I have also examined fragments of this species collected by E. G. 
Smyth at Higueral, Santa Domingo, during February, 1916. 

The species is closely allied to chlorosticta Thomson, and mega- 
cephala Castelnau and Gory. From the former it can be separated 
by the absence of the green markings on humeral angles of elytra, 
elytral spots smaller, and the epistoma broadly angularly emar- 
ginate. From megacephala it can be distinguished by the elytral 
foveae being green, and the posterior ones placed obliquely on each 
elytron. It is also allied to astuta described by Waterhouse from 
Mexico, but the pronotum is more strongly angulated anteriorly than 
in that species, and the elytral foveae are green. 


LS PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 65 
CHRYSOBOTHRIS THOMAE Kerremans 
Chrysobothris thomae KERREMANS, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg., vol. 48, 1899, p. 337. 


Female.—F¥orm, small, short, and feebly convex, subopaque; head, 
pronotum and scutellum dark aeneous, the reliefs on pronotum some- 
what purpureous; elytra violaceous-black, basal region irregularly 
and obsoletely variegated aeneous, viridis and cupreous, the base, 
suture and lateral margins narrowly margined with green, the green 
margin becoming broader on the suture posteriorly and narrowly 
margined with a bright cupreous-red color along base and anterior 
part of suture, a broad irregular green premedian fascia extending 
from the lateral margin to middle of disk, but not reaching the 
suture, a broad post-median reddish-cupreous fascia extending be- 
tween the green lateral and sutural margins, and a narrow preapical 
green fascia, narrowly margined posteriorly with a bright reddish- 
cupreous color; beneath violaceous-black, slightly aeneous in front, 
and more shining than above. 

Head flat, with the front triangular and the sides broadly arcu- 
ately rounded; occiput very narrow, and longitudinally carinate; 
front and vertex without any impressions or carinae; surface very 
coarsely and densely punctate, the punctures shallow and confluent, 
with the bottoms finely and densely granulose, rather sparsely 
clothed with moderately long, recumbent cinereous hairs; eyes large, 
strongly convex, more acutely rounded at bottom than on top, and 
separated on the occiput by about one-half the distance between the 
antennal cavities; epistoma broadly angularly emarginate in front, 
with the lobes broadly rounded; antennae short, third joint a little 
longer than the following two joints united, cupreous, and sparsely 
pubescent. Pronotum strongly transverse, one and two-fifths times 
as wide as long, widest near apical fourth, slightly narrower behind 
than in front; sides rounded behind apical angles, then feebly, arcu- 
ately attenuate to the posterior angles, which are obtusely rounded; 
anterior margin obsoletely arcuately emarginate, with a feebly 
broadly rounded median lobe; base strongly bisinuate, with the 
median lobe broadly rounded, and truncate in front of scutellum; 
surface evenly convex, without any impressions, rather strongly 
transversely rugose, and rather coarsely and sparsely punctate, the 
punctures deep and well separated; intervals finely and densely 
granulose. Scutellum small, triangular, with the sides equal in 
length, and surface finely granulose. Elytra distinctly wider than 
pronotum at base; sides broadly rounded at humeral angles, and 
feebly expanded to just behind the middle, where they are the widest, 
then strongly arcuately attenuate to the tips, which are separately 
narrowly rounded; lateral margins strongly serrate to near the 
middle; humeri not very prominent; base angularly lobed; surface 


arr. 9 WEST INDIAN BUPRESTIDAE—FISHER 119 


without costae, but each elytron with a round deep impression behind 
the basal lobe, and a shallow transverse impression along base, con- 
nected to a broader impression at humerus, the pre-median green 
fascia is also feebly impressed, rather densely and coarsely punctate, 
the punctures somewhat irregular but well separated, the intervals 
densely and finely granulose. Abdomen beneath coarsely and 
sparsely punctate; last segment with the lateral margins entire, with 
a serrate submarginal ridge, and truncate at apex. Prosternum 
with a narrow, declivous lobe in front; surface densely coarsely 
punctate, and sparsely clothed with recumbent cinereous hairs; pros- 
ternal process flat, strongly constricted between the coxal cavities, 
and long and acute at apex; anterior coxal cavities separated by 
about their own diameter. Femora robust; anterior pair armed 
with an acute tooth on the outer edge near middle, and with a series 
of small sharp teeth between the large tooth and apex. Anterior 
tibiae slightly arcuate near base, with a distinct dilatation on inner 
surface near the middle; middle and posterior pairs straight. 

Length, 6.5 mm.; width, 3.25 mm. 

This beautiful little species was described by Kerremans from 
St. Thomas, Antilles, and the above description is made from a 
specimen kindly loaned by the British Museum and labeled “S. 
Thomas (Meyer Diir) ; thomae Kerr. Type.” 


CHRYSOBOTHRIS WOLCOTTI, new species 


Chrysobothris lepida GUNDLACH (not Castelnau and Gory), An. Soc. Espan. 
Hist. Nat., ser. 2, vol. 22, 1894, p. 623. 

Male—Form broadly elongate, moderately convex, and sub- 
opaque; head bright green; pronotum purplish or feebly cupreous, 
with the anterior margin narrowly margined with green, and with 
two obsolete aureous spots on the disk, one on each side of the 
median line and slightly in front of the middle; scutellum green; 
elytra purpureous, and each elytron ornated with the following 
bright green markings: A narrow transverse fascia at base, nar- 
rowly connected at the suture and along lateral margin to a narrow 
transverse fascia at basal third; a similar fascia at apical third ex- 
tending from the lateral margin to near the suture, where it is bent 
backward, but not reaching the suture; and an oblong spot at the 
apex; beneath greenish-black, becoming purplish toward the sides, 
with the prosternum and exterior surface of the anterior femora 
and tibiae bright green, and the surface glabrous. 

Head feebly convex, with the front triangular, and the side feebly 
arcuately rounded; occiput very narrow, longitudinally carinate 
and densely punctate; vertex and front nearly flat, without any 
longitudinal carina or sulcus, but with an obsolete transverse carina 
between the vertex and occiput; surface densely and coarsely punc- 


120 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL. 65 


tate, the punctures rather shallow, irregular, and nearly confluent, 
the sides forming a network of polygonal areas, bottom of the punc- 
tures granulose, and from the center of which arises an inconspicu- 
ous white hair; eyes large, strongly convex, more acutely rounded 
at bottom than on top, and separated on the occiput by about one- 
third the distance between the antennal cavities; epistoma large, 
broadly and very deeply triangularly emarginate at middle, the 
anterior margin strongly angulated on each side of the emargi- 
nation; antennae greenish at base, becoming aeneous toward the tip, 
third joint about equal in length to the following three joints united. 
Pronotum strongly transverse and moderately convex, one and one- 
half times as wide as long, widest near the apical angles, then feebly 
obliquely narrowed to the posterior angles, which are not very 
acute; anterior margin arcuately emarginate, with a broadly 
rounded, obsoletely median lobe; base deeply emarginate at middle 
of each elytron, with a broadly rounded median lobe, which is 
feebly truncate in front of scutellum; surface evenly convex, with- 
out impressions, coarsely transversely rugose, and finely, rather 
sparsely, punctate, the punctures elongate and widely separated, the 
intervals very finely granulose. Scutellum triangular, the sides 
equal in length and the surface granulose. Elytra distinctly wider 
than pronotum at base, feebly angulated at humeral angles, then 
feebly sinuate and nearly parallel to near the middle, where it is the 
widest, and then arcuately attenuate to the tips, which are separately 
and rather broadly rounded; lateral margins very strongly serrate 
to near the middle; base moderately lobed; surface without costae, 
but with a deep transverse impression along the base, rather coarsely 
and densely punctate, the punctures elongate and rather widely 
separated; intervals finely and densely granulose. Abdomen be- 
neath coarsely and sparsely punctate; last segment with the lateral 
margins entire, with a serrate submarginal ridge, and truncate at 
apex; with a small deep emargination at the lateral sides, forming 
an acute tooth at the outer edge. Prosternum broadly lobed in 
front, surface more coarsely and densely punctate than abdomen. 
Femora robust; anterior pair with a strong acute tooth on their 
outer edge near the middle, serrate on its exterior margin. Anterior 
tibiae slightly arcuate, with a distinct dilatation near the middle; 
middle and posterior pairs straight. 

Female.—Difters from the males in having the front of head pur- 
plish, with the bottom of the punctures and margins along eyes 
slightly bronzy, and the punctures on front more widely separated, 
causing the intervals to be wider and obsoletely granulose, antennae 
aeneous with a strong purplish tinge; elytra more strongly angulated 
and sinuate near the humeral angles; beneath uniformly greenish-black 


ArT. 9 WEST INDIAN BUPRESTIDAE—FISHER LOM 


becoming strongly purplish toward the sides, and with the last ab- 
dominal segment more serrate at apex and the two lateral teeth pro- 
jecting farther beyond the median part than in the male. 

Length, 6-7 mm.; width, 2.5-3 mm. 

Type locality —Mayaguez, Porto Rico. 

Other localities—Rio Piedras and Anasco, Porto Rico. 

Type and allotype—Cat. No. 26810, U.S.N.M. 

Paratypes.—British Museum and Collection Porto Rico Experi- 
ment Station. 

Described from four specimens, two males and two females. The 
type is from Mayaguez, Porto Rico, without any additional data. 
The allotype was received from G. N. Wolcott of the Porto Rico 
Experiment Station, and was collected at Rio Piedras, Porto Rico, 
July 23, 1916, by E. G. Smyth, on a living twig of jobo (Spondea 
lutea). There is also a male paratype in the British Museum Collec- 
tion from Anasco, Porto Rico, collected September, 1913, by E. G. 
Smyth, and a female paratype in the Porto Rico Experiment Station 
collection from Rio Piedras, Porto Rico, collected November 25, 
1912, by G. Nevarrete. 

This species was recorded by Gundlach (1894) from Porto Rico 
as lepida Castelnau and Gory, but it is entirely different from that 
species. It is allied to Chrysobothris lepida Castelnau and Gory 
from Cuba, and also to C. chrysoela Illiger from the United 
States. From both these species it differs by having the epistoma 
triangularly emarginate, eyes more widely separated on occiput, 
pronotum more strongly transversely rugose, and the sides less 
strongly narrowed posteriorly, the last abdominal segment truncate, 
the transverse green fascia on basal third of elytron connected along 
the suture and lateral margin to the basal fascia, and the green fascia 
at apical third slightly turned backward near the suture, while in 
lepida and chrysoela the green markings usually consist only of spots 
and are never connected along suture or lateral margin. 


CHRYSOBOTHRIS HISPANIOLAE, new species 


Female.——Form small, short, rather robust and feebly convex, and 
subopaque; head aeneous in front, becoming cupreous on the occi- 
put; pronotum reddish-cupreous; elytra brownish-aeneous, and each 
elytron ornated with bright green markings as follows: A trans- 
verse spot along base enclosing a round deep basal depression, a 
round deeply depressed spot on middle of disk, situated just in front 
of middle, and an oblong feebly impressed spot at apical third, sit- 
uated closer to the lateral margin than the suture, the median and 
posterior green spots are narrowly margined with violaceous; be- 
neath piceous, with a strong aenous tinge; tarsi cyaneous. 


122 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM YOU. 6% 


Head feebly convex, with the front triangular, and the sides fee- 
bly arcuately rounded; occiput narrow, and longitudinally carinate; 
front not impressed; vertex with a very feeble arcuate elevation; 
surface sparsely and finely punctate, the punctures deep, widely 
separated, and regular in size, sparsely clothed with rather short 
inconspicuous hairs; intervals densely and rather coarsely granu- 
lose; eyes large, strongly convex, more acutely rounded at bottom 
than on top, and separated on the occiput by about one-half the 
distance between the antennal cavities; epistoma broadly and deeply 
triangularly emarginate in front, with the lobe on each side strongly 
angulated at the middle; antennae short, the third joint not as long 
as the following two joints united. Pronotum strongly transverse, 
one and one-half times as wide as long, widest at apical third, 
slightly narrower behind than in front; sides broadly rounded an- 
teriorly, then arcuately attenuate to the posterior angles, which are 
rather obtuse; anterior margin feebly arcuately emarginate; base 
rather strongly bisinuate, with the median lobe broadly rounded, 
and feebly truncate in front of scutellum; surface evenly convex, 
without impressions, but sparsely and finely punctate, the punctures 
deep, elongate, and well separated on the disk, becoming coarser 
and transversely rugose at the sides; intervals finely and densely 
granulose. Scutellum small, triangular, the sides equal in length, 
and the surface obsoletely granulose. Elytra distinctly wider than 
pronotum at base; sides broadly rounded at humeral angles, nearly 
parallel to behind middle, where they are slightly wider, then ar- 
cuately attenuate to the tips, which are separately narrowly rounded ; 
lateral margins coarsely serrate to the middle, the teeth very short 
and widely separated; humeri prominent; base feebly angularly 
lobed; surface with an obsolete costa along the lateral margin, ex- 
tending from behind the humerus to near the apex, each elytron 
with a deep round impression at basal lobe, a feebly impressed one 
at humerus, an elongate one along margin behind the humerus, a 
round deeply impressed green spot on disk in front of middle, and 
a feebly impressed green spot at apical third, densely and coarsely 
punctate, the punctures irregular and becoming somewhat conflu- 
ent at the sides; intervals densely and coarsely granulose. Ab- 
domen beneath coarsely, deeply, and irregularly punctate, intervals 
obsoletely granulose, and more shining than above; first segment 
not impressed at middle; last segment with the lateral margins en- 
tire, with a submarginal ridge, and the apex subtruncate. Pros- 
ternum with a small rounded lobe in front; surface very sparsely 
and coarsely punctate; prosternal process flat, triangularly ex- 
panded behind the coxal cavities, and with a very short obtuse tooth 
at apex. Femora robust; anterior pair with a large acute tooth on 


ART. 9 WEST INDIAN BUPRESTIDAE—FISHER 123 


the outer edge, closer to the apex than base, and not serrate on the 
exterior margin. Anterior tibiae arcuate, feebly flattened on the 
inner surface, and without any dilatations; middle and _ posterior 
pairs straight and subcylindrical. 

Length, 4.5 mm; width, 2.1 mm. 

Type locality.—Port-au-Prince, Haiti. 

Type.—Cat. No. 26811, U.S.N.M. 

This species was described from a single female received from H. 
F. Wickham, and was collected by R. J. Crew at the type locality. 
It is closely allied to C. thoracica Fabricius, but differs from it in a 
number of ways. The head is more finely punctured, more strongly 
granulose, and the sides of the punctures not forming a network of 
polygonal areas as in thoracica. The pronotum is more arcuately 
attenuate posteriorly, the punctures on disk more elongate, and 
widely separated; and the elytra has an obsolete costa along the 
lateral margin, the basal foveee more rounded and deeply impressed, 
the green basal fascia not extended along the suture behind the 
scutellum, and the disk with four round green fovew, the median 
ones deeply impressed. 


CHRYSOBOTHRIS THORACICA (Fabricius) 


Buprestis thoracica Fasrictus, Ent. Syst. Suppl., 1798, p. 188. 
Buprestis amabilis Hrresr, Nat. Syst. Ins. Kifer, vol. 9, 1801, pp. 144-145, 
pl. 147, fig. 5. 

Male.—Form small, short, rather robust and feebly convex, and 
subopaque; head bright green, with the reliefs on front cupreous; 
pronotum reddish-cupreous with the anterior margin aureous; scu- 
tellum dark green; elytra brownish-aeneous, and each elytron 
ornated with nile-green markings as follows: A broad fascia along 
base, extending backward for a short distance along suture, this 
fascia is also extended around the humeral angle, an irregular trans- 
verse spot in front of middle, and a small post-median spot, which is 
closer to the lateral margin than the suture; there is also a black spot 
behind the humerus and a similar one along the lateral margin at 
middle. Beneath piceous, with a strong aeneous tinge at middle, 
and becoming aeneo-purpureous at the sides of abdomen; prosternum 
green, becoming cupreous at the sides; legs violaceous, the anterior 
femora green on the exterior surface. 

Head feebly convex, with the front triangular and the sides 
feebly arcuately rounded; occiput narrow and longitudinally cari- 
nate; front not impressed ; vertex with an obsolete transverse arcuate 
elevation, forming an arc with the sides of the front; surface densely 
and coarsely punctate, the punctures rather shallow, irregular, and 
nearly confluent, the sides forming a network of polygonal areas, 
bottom of punctures granulose, and from the center of which arises 


124 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. ba 


a rather long inconspicuous hair; eyes large, strongly convex, more 
acutely rounded at bottom than at top, and separated on the occiput 
by about one-half the distance between the antennal cavities; epis- 
toma deeply and narrowly emarginate in front, the lobe on each side 
forming an arc from the bottom of the emargination; aatennae 
short, cupreous, the third joint about as long as the following two 
joints united. Pronotum strongly transverse, one and three-fourths 
times as wide as long, widest at apical third, slightly narrower be- 
hind than in front; sides broadly rounded anteriorly, then obliquely 
attenuate to the posterior angles, which are rather obtuse; anterior 
margin feebly arcuately emarginate; base rather strongly bisinuate, 
with the median lobe broadly rounded and feebly truncate in front 
of scutellum; surface evenly convex and without impressions, densely 
and coarsely punctate, the punctures rather deep and well sepa- 
rated; intervals finely and densely granulose. Scutellum small, tri- 
angular, the sides equal in length, and the surface obsoletely granu- 
lose. Elytra distinctly wider than pronotum at base; sides broadly 
rounded at humeral angles, nearly parallel to behind middle, where 
they are slightly wider, then arcuately attenuate to the tips, which 
are separately narrowly rounded; lateral margins coarsely serrate to 
middle, the teeth very short and widely separated; humeri promi- 
nent; base feebly angularly lobed; surface without costae, but each 
elytron with a deep round impression at basal lobe, a broader but 
more shallow one at humerus, an obsolete one along margin behind 
humerus, and a broad obsolete impression on the antemedian green 
area, coarsely, densely, and irregularly punctate, the punctures some- 
what confluent toward the apex; intervals densely and coarsely 
granulose. Abdomen beneath coarsely, deeply, and irregularly punc- 
tate; intervals obsoletely granulose and more shining than above; 
first segment not impressed at middle; last segment with the lateral 
margins entire, with an obsolete serrate submarginal ridge, and the 
apex feebly truncate. Prosternum with a narrow rounded lobe in 
front; surface more densely punctured than abdomen; prosternal 
process flat, triangularly expanded behind the coaxal cavities, and 
with a very small obtuse tooth at apex; anterior coxal cavities 
separated from each other by about their own diameter. Femora 
robust; anterior pair with a large acute tooth on the outer edge, 
closer to the apex than base, and finely serrate on the exterior mar- 
gin. Anterior tibiae feebly arcuate near base, somewhat flattened, 
and with an obsolete dilatation on inner margin near apex; middle 
and posterior pairs straight and subcylindrical. 

Length, 5.4 mm.; width, 2.5 mm. 

This species was described by Fabricius (1798) from the Island 
of St. Thomas, and the above description was made from a specimen 
from the type locality, kindly loaned by the British Museum. Herbst 


ART. 9 WEST INDIAN BUPRESTIDAE—FISHER 125 


(1801) described and figured the same species from an unknown 
locality under the name amabilis. 

In the U. S. National Museum collection are two specimens from 
Porto Rico, which I have placed under this species, one collected by 
G. B. Merrill at Guanica, April 15, 1914, and the other by E. G. 
Smyth at Santa Rita, during July, 1913. The specimen from 
Guanica is a male, of the same size as the specimen from the type 
locality, and only differs from it in a few minor details. The elytral 
markings, with the exception of the basal ones, are aeneous, and the 
blackish area is more extended on the disk. The specimen from 
Santa Rita is a female and is larger than the other specimens, meas- 
uring 6.25 mm. in length and 2.75 mm. in width, the head is cupreous 
in front and a little more convex, elytral markings about the same 
as specimen from Guanica, the under side is uniformly piceous, the 
first abdominal segment feebly impressed at middle, and the last 
segment more broadly rounded at the apex. 


CHRYSOBOTHRIS INSULANA, new species 


Female—¥orm broadly elongate, moderately convex, and _ sub- 
opaque; head and pronotum aeneous, with a slight cupreous tinge; 
scutellum and elytra reddish-cupreous, the latter somewhat pur- 
pureous on disk, and each elytron ornated with bluish-green spots 
as follows: A rather broad fascia extending from basal depression 
transversely along the base and around the humeral angles, an ob- 
long depressed spot on disk just in front of middle, an irregular 
transverse fascia at apical third, extending from the lateral margin 
to the disk but not reaching the suture, a small spot covering the 
apical area; beneath piceous, with a slight aeneous or greenish tinge, 
and more shining than above, the elytral epipleura cupreous; tarsi 
cyaneous. 

Head feebly convex, with the front triangular and the sides feebly 
arcuately rounded; occiput narrow, and feebly longitudinally 
carinate; front not impressed; vertex with an obsolete arcuate trans- 
verse elevation forming an are with the sides of the front; surface 
densely and coarsely punctate, the punctures very shallow, without 
well-defined sides, and from each arises a short recumbent cinereous 
hair; intervals densely and rather coarsely granulose; eyes large, 
reniform, strongly convex, more acutely rounded at bottom than 
on top, and separated on the occiput by about one-third the distance 
between the antennal cavities; epistoma broadly triangularly 
emarginate in front, with the lobes broadly rounded; antennae 
short, the third joint only slightly longer than the following two 
joints united. Pronotum strongly transverse, one and two third 
times as wide as long, widest near middle, and the base and apex 


126 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 65 


about equal in width; sides regularly arcuately rounded; anterior 
margin broadly arcuately emarginate, without a median lobe; base 
broadly arcuately emarginate on each side at elytral lobe, with the 
median lobe broadly rounded, and truncate in front of scutellum; 
posterior angles rather obtuse; surface evenly convex, and without 
impressions, rather densely and regularly punctate, the punctures 
rather deep, well separated, and becoming somewhat coarser toward 
the sides; intervals finely and densely granulose. Scutellum very 
small, triangular, the sides equal in length, and the surface obsoletely 
granulose. LElytra distinctly wider than pronotum at base; sides 
broadly rounded at humeral angles, nearly parallel to apical third, 
where they are slightly wider, then arcuately attenuate to the tips, 
which are separately broadly rounded; lateral margins rather 
strongly serrate to near the middle; humeri not very prominent; base 
broadly arcuately lobed; surface without costae, but each elytron with 
a round deep basal impression, a shallow one at humerus, a long nar- 
row one along lateral margin behind humeral angles, a large round 
deeper impression in the ante-median green area, and a smaller one 
in the post-median green fascia, densely and regularly punctate, the 
punctures rather deep and well separated on the disk, but becoming 
obsolete in the humeral areas; intervals densely and rather coarsely 
granulose. Abdomen beneath sparsely and coarsely punctate, the 
punctures shallow, irregularly placed, and from each arises a short 
inconspicuous cinereous hair; intervals obsoletely granulose; first 
segment not impressed at middle; last segment with the lateral mar- 
gins entire, with an obsolete serrate submarginal ridge, and the apex 
broadly subtruncate. Prosternum with a narrow declivous lobe in 
front; surface more deeply punctured than the abdomen; prosternal 
process flat, strongly expanded behind the coxal cavities, and with a 
triangular tooth at apex; anterior coxal cavities separated by about 
their own diameter. Femora robust; anterior pair with a large 
acute tooth on the outer edge, closer to the apex than base, and finely 
serrate on the exterior margin. Anterior tibiae feebly arcuate, 
strongly flattened, without any dilatations, the middle and posterior 
pairs straight and subcylindrical. 

Length, 6 mm.; width, 3 mm. 

Type locality —Jamaica. 

Type.—British Museum. 

Described from a single female kindly loaned bv the British 
Museum and labeled Jamaica, without a definite locality. 

It is closely allied to Chrysobothris lepida Castelnau and Gory, 
but can be easily distinguished from that species by the pronotum 
having the sides arcuately rounded and not angulated anteriorly. 
It is also related to: C. wolcotti Fisher from Porto Rico, but in 


ART. 9 WEST INDIAN BUPRESTIDAE—FISHER 127 


tnsulana the pronotum is arcuately rounded and widest near the 
middle, the elytral markings are smaller, and the basal and median 
ones not connected along the suture. 


CHRYSOBOTHRIS SEXFASCIATA Schaeffer 


Chrysobothris sexfasciata SCHAEFFER, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., vol. 26, 1918, 
pp. 212-218. 

Male—Form small, short, rather robust and feebly convex, and 
subopaque; head cupreous, with a strong aeneous tinge, the occiput 
and margins along eyes green; pronotum and elytra dark pur- 
pureous, with a feeble greenish tinge, each elytron ornated with 
golden-green markings as follows: <A transverse basal fascia ex- 
tending along the lateral margin and connected to a feebly oblique 
ante-median fascia, which does not reach the suture, a rather broad 
irregular transverse fascia at apical third, which does not extend 
to the suture nor lateral margin, and a small spot covering the apical 
region. Beneath piceous, with the sides of the abdominal segments 
bright green, and the legs purpureous, with a strong aenous tinge 
on the exterior surface of the anterior femora; antennae cuprcous; 
tarsl cyaneous. 

Head feebly convex, with the front triangular and the sides 
rather strongly arcuately rounded; occiput narrow, and feebly lon- 
gitudinally carinate; vertex with an arcuate elevation forming an 
arc with the sides of the front; surface coarsely and densely punc- 
tate, the punctures shallow, nearly confluent, with the sides not well 
defined, and the intervals densely and rather coarsely granulose, 
trom each puncture arises a rather moderately long, semierect, 
cinereous hair; eyes large, strongly convex, more acutely rounded at 
bottom than on top, and separated on the occiput by about one-half 
the distance between the antennal cavities; epistoma deeply and 
broadly triangularly emarginate in front, with the lobe on each 
side strongly angulated at middle; antennae short, the third joint 
about as long as the following two joints united. Pronotum 
strongly transverse, two times as wide as long, widest at middle, 
and slightly narrower in front than behind; sides arcuately rounded; 
anterior margin arcuately emarginate, and without a median lobe; 
base rather strongly bisinuate, the median lobe broadly rounded, and 
truncate in front of scutellum; surface evenly convex, and without 
impressions, rather densely, but not coarsely punctate, the punctures 
deep, and well separated on disk, becoming coarser and confluent at 
sides, and separated by obsolete rugae near the posterior angles; 
intervals densely and coarsely granulose. Scutellum small, triangu- 
lar, the sides equal in length, and the surface obsoletely granulose. 
Elytra distinctly wider than pronotum at base; sides broadly 

45554— -25—Proc.N.M.yvol.65 19 





128 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 65 


rounded at humeral angles, nearly parallel to behind middle, where 
they are slightly wider, then arcuately attenuate to the tips, which 
are separately narrowly rounded; lateral margins coarsely serrate 
to middle, the teeth short, and widely separated posteriorly ; humeri 
rather prominent; base feebly angularly lobed; disk without longi- 
tudinal costa, but with an obsolete longitudinal costa along lateral 
margin, extending from the humeri to post-median green fascia, 
with a deep basal depression, and a more obsolete one at humeri and 
on green ante-median fascia; surface coarsely and densely punctate ; 
intervals coarsely and densely granulose. Abdomen _ beneath 
coarsely punctate, with the posterior and anterior margins of the 
segments smooth, the intervals finely and densely granulose, more 
shining than above, and the sides of the segments with smooth obso- 
lete nodules; first segment not impressed at middle; last segment 
with the lateral margins entire, with an obsolete submarginal ridge, 
and the apex subtruncate. Prosternum with an obsolete lobe in 
front; surface rather coarsely and densely punctate; prosternal 
process flat, triangularly expanded behind the coxal cavities, and 
with a very short obtuse tooth at apex. Femora robust; anterior 
pair with a sharp acute tooth on the outer edge, closer to the apex 
than base, and not serrate on the exterior margin. Anterior tibiae 
feebly arcuate, flattened on the inner surface, and without any dila- 
tations; middle and posterior pairs straight and subcylindrical. 

Length, 4.25 mm.; width, 2 mm. 

This species was originally described from Key West, Florida, 
by Schaeffer from a female specimen. Two males from Cuba in the 
United States National Museum have been examined, one collected 
at Cayamas, June 23, by E. A. Schwarz, and the other received from 
H. F. Wickham and simply labeled Cuba. There is also a specimen 
in the collection of S. C. Bruner, collected at Camaquey, Cuba, July 
20, 1923, by J. Acuna. 

Mr. Schaeffer has kindly compared the Cuban specimen with his 
type in the Brooklyn Museum and writes that it only differs from 
the type in having the head more metallic green above and the 
abdominal segments metallic green at the sides. The type being a 
female, and the specimen from Cuba a male, would account for this 
slight color difference. 


CHRYSOBOTHRIS SEXFASCIATA, var. JAMAICENSIS, new variety 


Female.—This variety differs from the typical species by the head 
being entirely purpureous, with only a slight aeneous tinge, sides of 
the pronotum more parallel and not as arcuately rounded, and the 
lateral margins more rounded and not as sharply defined; elytra 
not as densely nor deeply punctate, the punctures becoming obsolete 
toward the apex, the green spots more bluish, and the antemedian 





ART. 9 WEST INDIAN BUPRESTIDAE—FISHER 129 


one larger, more oval, and not connected along the lateral margin 
to the transverse basal fascia, the discal spots more strongly im- 
pressed, surface more obsoletely granulose, and the lateral margins 
more strongly serrate. Abdomen beneath more coarsely and sparsely 
punctate, the punctures very shallow and without well-defined mar- 
gins, and the sides of the segments without smooth nodules. 

Length, 4.25 mm.; width, 2 mm. 

Type locality Kingston, Jamaica. 

Type.—Cat. No. 26812, U.S.N.M. 

This variety is described from a single female collected by 
IF'rank R. Mason at Liguanea Plain, Kingston, Jamaica, on July 5, 
1920. Through the kindness of Mr. Mason the type has been de- 
posited in the National Museum collection. 


Genus DICERCA Eschscholtz 


Dicerca Escuscuortz, Zool. Atlas, vol. 1, 1829, p. 9 (reprint p. 8). 

Dicerca LAcorpAtrRE, Gen. Col., vol. 4, 1857, pp. 35-86.—CASTELNAU and 
Gory, Mon. Bupr., vol. 2, 1838, Buprestis, pp. 938-108, pls. 24—27.— 
KERREMANS, Wytsman’s Gen. Insectorum, fase. 12, pt. 3, 1903, pp. 180— 
133. 

Stenuris Kirpy, Richardson’s Fauna Bor Amer., vol. 4, 1887, pp. 154-156. 

Head flat, rugose, and slightly wider in front than on vertex; 
front not narrowed by the insertion of the antennae; epistoma short 
and emarginate in front; antennal cavities small and rounded, sit- 
uated at a considerable distance from the inner margin of the eyes 
in a deep triangular depression, which is surrounded on two sides by 
a strongly elevated carina. Antennae short and slender, extending 
to about the middle of pronotum; first joint short and clavate; sec- 
ond and third shorter and more slender, and about equal in length; 
fourth longer than third, and feebly triangular; following joints 
triangular, dentate on the inner side, and armed with a poriferous 
fovea, situated on the inferior side at the apical margin of the joint. 
Eyes rather small, oval, about two times as long as wide, feebly con- 
vex, and closer together on the vertex than at the front. Pronotum 
wider than long, more or Jess longitudinally grooved or carinate at 
the middle; sides variable, sometimes constricted behind, with the 
posterior angles acute; base bisinuate. Scutellum very small, 
rounded or subquadrangular. Elytra elongate, sinuate at posterior 
coxae, and strongly acuminate posteriorly, often produced into a tail- 
like process; apex unarmed, sinuate or bidentate. Sternal cavity 
formed by the mesosternum and metasternum; mesosternum divided, 
the lateral branches somewhat elongate; metasternum rounded in 
front and feebly grooved at middle. Prosternum flat, concave or 
grooved; anterior margin declivous, sinuate or bilobed; prosternal 


130 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 65 


process not strongly constricted by the anterior coxal cavities and 
broadly rounded or acuminate at apex. Posterior coxae strongly 
dilated internally; anterior margin sinuate; posterior margin arcu- 
ately emarginate and strongly attenuate to the lateral margin. Legs 
rather robust, femora fusiform, the anterior and middle ones more 
strongly swollen at middle than the posterior pair; tibiae straight 
and cylindrical, the anterior pair spatulate at apex; tarsi rather 
broad; first joint of posterior pair not longer than the following 
joint. Abdomen with the suture between the first and second seg- 
ments distinct; first segment flat, concave or longitudinally grooved; 
last segment variable. Body elongate, oval, rather convex, always 
acuminate or bifurcate at apex. 

This is not a very large genus, containing only about 40 described 
species, and which are confined to the Palaearctic and Nearctic Re- 
gions. The two species recorded in the present paper from the West 
Indies are certainly not indigenous to these islands, but have been 
introduced at various times through commerce. The two species can 
be separated by the following characters. 


KEY TO THE SPECIES 


Pronotum and elytra very uneven, the latter with distinct smooth elevated 


STS COS a 2 2 et os VN Merc 5 eee ee eS tuberculata Castelnau and Gory. 
Pronotum and elytra not distinctly uneven, the latter with only obsolete ele- 
vated ‘spaces: LAr SE SIa te GPs Ok A APR SAE UATE divaricata (Say). 


DICERCA TUBERCULATA Castelnau and Gory 


Dicerca tuberculate CASTELNAU and Gory, Mon. Bupr., vol. 2, 1838, 
Buprestis, p. 99, pl. 25, fig. 135.—CHEvrotatT, Ann. Soe. Ent. France, 
ser. 4, vol. 7, 1867, p. 577 (Separates p. 153).—GunpLacH, Contribu- 
cion a la Entom. Cuba, vol. 3, pt. 5, 1891, pp. 159-160, No. 1542. 

Dicerca hilaris LEContTrE, Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., new ser., vol. 11, 1859, 
p. 200. 

Dicerca manca LeConte, Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., new ser., vol. 11, 1859, 
p. 201. 

Female—F¥orm rather narrowly elongate, attenuate behind, and 
moderately convex; above uniformly cupreous, sometimes with a 
greenish tinge, and the reliefs smooth and more brownish-cupreous; 
beneath more reddish-cupreous. 

Head feebly convex and very uneven; surface coarsely, densely 
and deeply punctate, the punctures irregular in size, confluent and 
forming a number of smooth elevated rugae, sparsely clothed with 
short, inconspicuous hairs; epistoma broadly arcuately emarginate 
in front; eyes oblong, about two times as long as wide, and feebly 
converging above. Pronotum nearly two times as wide as long, 
widest at the apical third, apex and base about equal in width; sides 
strongly obliquely expanded from apex to apical third, where they 





art. 9 WEST INDIAN BUPRESTIDAE—FISHER 131 


are strongly angularly rounded, then broadly arcuately emarginate, 
and strongly attenuate to the posterior angles, which are nearly rect- 
angular; anterior margin broadly arcuately emarginate, with a 
broadly rounded median lobe; base feebly bisinuate; disk very 
uneven, with four shinning, elevated irregular vittae, the lateral 
ones broader and strongly interrupted behind the middle, and the 
median ones enclosing a small shining callus at the middle, there is 
also an irregular elevation extending forward from the posterior 
angles; surface coarsely, densely, and confluently punctate in the de- 
pressions. Scutellum small, sub-quadrate and finely granulose. 
Elytra wider than pronotum at base, broadly rounded behind humeri, 
strongly sinuate at basel third, broadly expanded behind middle, then 
strongly attenuate to the tips, which are slightly expanded and di- 
vergent, and rounded or substruncate at apex; surface uneven, with 
numerous irregular smooth elevated spaces, the depressions densely, 
coarsely, and confluently punctate, with a few deeper punctures in- 
termixed, which are green at the bottom, and tend to form striae on 
the disk. Abdomen beneath coarsely, rather sparsely and irregularly 
punctate, and sparsely clothed with a few short recumbent hairs; 
intervals obsoletely granulose; first segment obsoletely flattened at 
middle; last segment elongate, acutely rounded at apex, and the sur- 
face not bicostate. Prosternum feebly convex, broadly transversely 
depressed anteriorly, and without elevated costae; surface densely, 
coarsely, and confluently punctate, and sparsely clothed with short 
inconspicuous hairs; anterior margin truncate; prosternal process 
broadly sulcate at middle, feebly expanded behind the anterior coxal 
cavities, then strongly attenuate to apex, which is broadly rounded. 

Length, 15 mm.; width, 6.5 mm. 

This species was described by Castelnau and Gory (1838) from 
North America. It is distributed over the eastern part of the United 
States, but because of much confusion in the identification of the 
species of this genus, it is difficult to give its distribution. 

Chevrolat (1867) records it from North America; Havana, Cuba; 
and Senegal, and states that it has, without doubt been imported 
into the two last countries in lumber. In the collections of Chevrolat, 
Gundlach, and Poey. Gundlach (1891) records it from Habana, 
Cuba, as having been introduced from the United States. 

This species is not represented in the Poey collection in Philadel- 
phia, but there is a single example labeled No. 842 in the Gundlach 
Museum in Habana. 

No specimens of this species have been examined from the West 
Indies, and the above description was made from a specimen from 
the United States, which agrees fairly well with Castelnau and 
Gory’s short description. 


132 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 65 


DICERCA DIVARICATA (Say) © 


Buprestis divaricata Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., vol. 3, 1823, 
pp. 163-164. 

Dicerca dubia MELSHEIMER, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., vol. 2, 1844, 
. 142. 

tal ee aurichalcea MELSHEIMER, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., vol. 2, 1844, 
pp. 142-148. 

Dicerca parumpunctata MELSHEIMER, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., vol. 2, 
1844, p. 148. 

Male—Form more broadly elongate than tuberculata, attenuate 
behind, and moderately convex; above aeneo-cupreous, with the tips 
of elytron usually more reddish, and the surface with obscure and 
blackish elevations; beneath slightly more reddish-cupreous than 
above. 

Head feebly convex, and obsoletely concave at middle; surface 
coarsely and very densely punctato-rugose, the punctures somewhat 
irregular and confluent, with the bottoms bright green, sparsely 
clothed with long, inconspicuous hairs; eyes oblong, about two times 
as long as wide, and feebly converging above; epistoma broadly, and 
rather deeply arcuately emarginate in front. Pronotum nearly two 
times as wide as long, widest near middle, slightly narrower in front 
than behind; sides strongly obliquely expanded from apex to near 
middle, where they are strongly rounded to basal third, then nearly 
parallel to the posterior angles, which are nearly rectangular, anterior 
margin feebly arcuately emarginate, with a broadly rounded median 
lobe; base feebly bisinuate; disk obsoletely sulcate at middle, more 
deeply impressed anteriorly, and with a deep prescutellar fovea, and 
on each side, there is usually a more or less oblique impression behind 
the middle; surface coarsely and rather densely punctate, the punc- 
tures somewhat confluent, irregularly placed, and forming irregular 
smooth elevations. Scutellum small, subquadrate, and finely strio- 
late. Elytra wider than pronotum at base, feebly rounded behind 
humeri, sinuate at basal third, then strongly arcuately attenuate to 
near the tips, where they are parallel and slightly divergent, the 
apex subtruncate, with the sutural angle acutely produced; surface 
rather even, with two short logitudinal costae at the apex of each 
elytron, the exterior one being the longer, striato-punctate, the striae 
not deeply impressed, and becoming obsolete toward the sides, with 
the punctures coarse and well separated, intervals coarsely and ir- 
regularly punctate, the punctures in some areas confluent and form- 
ing areolae, which are not very well defined. Abdomen beneath 
coarsely and rather densely punctate, the punctures irregularly 
placed, and with the posterior margins not very well defined, and 
sparsely clothed with long, fine recumbent hairs; intervals smooth; 
first segment very broadly and rather deeply concave at middle; last 








art. 9 WEST INDIAN BUPRESTIDAE—FISHER 133 


segment rather elongate, and acuminate posteriorly, with the apex 
deeply and rectangularly emarginate, the surface with two obsolete 
costae. Prosternum feebly convex, surface very coarsely and densely 
punctate, and sparsely clothed with long, erect, inconspicuous hairs; 
anterior margin bisinuate; prosternal process wide, deeply and 
broadly sulcate at middle, the sides smooth and extending forward to 
near the anterior margin, with the bottom of the sulcus transversely 
rugose, sides parallel to behind the anterior coxal cavities, then 
strongly obliquely attenuate to the apex, which is broadly rounded. 

Female.—Difters from the male in having the head more sparsely 
punctate; abdomen beneath more sparsely pubescent, the first segment 
not as deeply concave at middle, last segment deeply arcuately emar- 
ginate at apex, with a distinct tooth at the middle of the emargina- 
tion, and the surface more distinctly bicostate; prosternal process 
not deeply sulcate at middle, with the median part coarsely, densely 
punctate, and very sparsely pubescent. 

Length, 17-20 mm.; width, 5.5-6.5 mm. 

This species was originally described by Say (1823) from the 
United States. It is rather abundant throughout the northeastern 
part of North America from Canada to Kentucky and westward to 
Wisconsin, the larvae living in a great variety of deciduous trees. 

The admission of the species in the present paper is based on two 
specimens received from the British Museum and labeled “ Haiti, 
Saunders 74-18,” which were probably introduced in lumber from 
the United States. 

A number of species described by Casey ?* have been placed as 
synonyms of this species by Leng,?* but since the types of these 
species have not been examined, they are omitted from the synonymy 
in the present paper. 


Genus PARACINYRA, new genus 


Head nearly flat, wider in front than on vertex; front not nar- 
rowed by the insertion of the antennae; epistoma short and emargi- 
nate in front; antennal cavities small, rounded, and partially covered 
by an elevated carina, and situated a considerabie distance from the 
inner margin of the eyes. Antennae rather short and slender, ex- 
tending to about the middle of the pronotum; first joint elongate and 
feebly clavate; second short and slightly elongate; third more 
slender, cylindrical, and about two times as long as the second; the 
following joints triangular, dentate on the inner side, and armed with 
a poriferous fovea situated on the inferior side at apical margin of 
the joint. Eyes rather broadly oval, nearly two times as long as 





2 Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., vol. 11, 1909, pp. 144-149, 
* Cat. Coleopt. North America, 1920, p. 180. 


134 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 65 


wide, strongly convex, feebly projecting, and closer to each other on 
the vertex than at the front. Pronotum wider than long, wider in 
front than behind; anterior margin and base more or less bisinuate; 
sides feebly attenuate posteriorly ; disk without a longitudinal median 
sulcus. Scutellum small, transverse, and not acuminate posteriorly. 
Elytra elongate, strongly attenuate posteriorly, and acuminate at 
apex. Sternal cavity formed by the mesosternum and metasternum ; 
mesosternum divided, the lateral branches rather small, elongate, and 
feebly oblique; metasternum feebly emarginate in front and with a 
very narrow groove at the middle. Prosternum moderately wide, 
convex, with the anterior margin rounded; prosternal process feebly 
constricted by the anterior coxal cavities, and rather acuminate at 
apex. Posterior coxae about equally dilated internally and at the 
sides; anterior margin strongly bisinuate; posterior margin deeply 
arcuately emarginate at the middle. Legs moderately robust; femora 
slightly swollen at middle; tibiae straight and subcylindrical; tarsi 
short, first joint of posterior pair only shghtly longer than the 
second; tarsal claws with an obtuse tooth at the base. Abdomen 
with the suture between the first and second segments distinct. Body 
narrow, subcylindrical, and strongly acuminate posteriorly. 

Genotype.—Paracinyra viridimaculata, new species. 

This genus is closely allied to Cinyra Castelnau and Gory, but it 
is much narrower and more cylindrical in form, pronotum wider in 
front than behind, and not distinctly suleate at the middle, tips of 
the elytron strongly acuminate, prosternal process more strongly ex- 
panded behind the anterior coxa] cavities, and the first joint of the 
posterior tarsi only shghtly longer than the second joint. 


PARACINYRA VIRIDIMACULATA, new species 


Form narrow and subcylindrical, broadly rounded in front, and 
strongly acuminate behind; head purpureous, with a strong green- 
ish tinge, and with the epistoma and a narrow margin along the 
eyes aureo-cupreous; pronotum purpureous, strongly greenish when 
viewed in certain lights, and with the anterior margin and a rather 
broad longitudinal median band aureo-cupreous; scutellum reddish- 
cupreous; elytra purpureous, with a strong greenish tinge when 
viewed in certain lights, and each elytron ornamented with aureo- 
viridis markings as follows: A narrow band along the base extend- 
ing along the lateral margin for a short distance and also along the 
suture to the basal fourth; an irregular subtriangular spot at basal 
third, feebly oblique but not extending to the suture nor lateral 
margin; a narrower band at apical third, which is transverse laterally 
and bent obliquely forward internally, the spot not extending to the 
lateral margin nor to the suture; there is also a longitudinal triangu- 


ART. 9 WEST INDIAN BUPRESTIDAE—FISHER 135 


lar spot at the apex. Beneath purpureous, with a strong greenish or 
bluish tinge, more shining than above, and with the sides of the abdo- 
men aureo-cupreous. 

Head nearly flat, with a broad longitudinal sulcus, which is nar- 
rower and more deeply impressed on the vertex, and becoming more 
obsolete toward the epistoma; surface glabrous, coarsely and densely 
punctate, the punctures rather shallow and very irregularly placed, 
the intervals smooth and shining; epistoma broadly and deeply arcu- 
ately emarginate in front, forming a broad obtuse tooth on each side 
of the emargination. Pronotum one and three-fourths times as wide 
as long, slightly wider in front than behind, widest at apical fourth; 
sides feebly arcuately expanded from anterior margin to apical 
fourth, then slightly obliquely narrowed to the posterior angles. 
which are rectangular; anterior margin nearly truncate, with an ob- 
solete median lobe; base feebly bisinuate, the median lobe only feebly 
indicated; disk regularly convex, with a very short narrow groove 
terminating in a deep puncture in front of the scutellum; surface 
coarsely, deeply, and densely punctate, the punctures irregularly 
placed, distinctly separated on the disk, but becoming somewhat con- 
fluent at the sides, and with an irregular, longitudinal smooth median 
space, extending from the anterior margin to basal third, where it is 
replaced by the longitudinal groove, the intervals finely and densely 
granulose. Scutellum oblong, nearly two times as wide as long and 
with the surface obsoletely granulose. Elytra about as wide as pro- 
notum at base, strongly acuminate posteriorly, allowing the abdomen 
to be plainly visible from above on the apical half; humeral angles 
obtusely angulated; sides feebly expanded behind the humeral angles, 
slightly attenuate to the apical third, where they are obsoletely arcu- 
ately rounded, then strongly, obliquely attenuate to the tips, which 
are very acute, the lateral margins obsoletely serrate posteriorly ; 
surface striato-punctate, the striae not impressed, becoming more or 
less confused posteriorly, and the punctures large, rather deep, and 
irregularly placed in the striae, the intervals flat, transversely rugose. 
and with numerous irregularly placed punctures similar to those in 
the striae. Abdomen beneath strongly convex, rather finely, sparsely 
punctate, and sparsely clothed with a few short recumbent cinereous 
hairs; intervals obsoletely granulose; first abdominal segment con- 
vex at middle, last segment subtruncate at apex. Prosternum feebly 
transversely concave along anterior margin, which is broadly arcu- 
ately rounded, the surface sparsely, coarsely punctate, with a few 
very short cinereous hairs, and the intervals smooth on the median 
parts, but becoming strongly granulose at the sides; prosternal 
process flat, without a longitudinal sulcus, the sides slightly con- 
cave to behind the anterior coxal cavities, where they are feebly ex- 


45554—25—Proc.N.M.vol.65——20 


136 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 65 


* panded, then obliquely attenuate to the apex, which is rather acutely 
rounded. 

Length, 10 mm.; width, 3.5 mm. 

Type locality Guantanamo, Cuba. 

Type.—Coll. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. 

This beautiful species was described from a single example col- 
lected by Chas. T. Ramsden at the type locality on June 18, 1916. 
Superficially it resembles one of the larger species of the genus 
Agrilus, but it is easily separated from any species of that genus by 
having the ijateral branches of the mesosternum elongate and not con- 
cealed by the prosternum. 


Genss CINYRA Castelnau and Gory 


Cinyra CASTELNAU and Gory, Mon. Bupr., vol. 2, 1838, Buprestis, pp. 157— 
160, pl. 39.—LacorDAIRE, Gen. Col., vol. 4, 1857, pp. 45--46.—KERREMANS, 
Wytsman’s Gen. Insectorum, fase. 12, pt. 3, 19038, pp. 137-138. 

Cynira SAUNDERS, Catal Bupr., 1871, p. 47. 

Leptia (part) DrsEaN, Cat. Coleopt., 2 ed., 1833, p. 78; 3 ed., 1836, p. 89. 
(No described species included.) 

Head flat or feebly convex, wider in front than on vertex; front 
not narrowed by the insertion of the antennae; epistoma short and 
emarginate in front; antennal cavities small, rounded, partially cov- 
ered by an elevated carina, and situated a considerable distance from 
the inner margin of the eyes. Antennae rather long and slender, 
and about as long as the head and pronotum united; first joint 
elongate, and more or less clavate; second very short and globular; 
third and fourth elongate, feebly triangular, subequal in length, 
and about as long as the first; following joints elongate, triangular, 
dentate on the inner side, gradually decreasing in length to the last 
joint, and armed with a poriferous fovea situated on the inferior 
side at apical margin of the joint. Eyes rather small, oval, not two 
times as long as wide, strongly convex, somewhat projecting, and 
closer to each other on the vertex than at the front. Pronotum 
wider than long, narrower in front than behind; base and anterior 
margin bisinuate; sides subsinuate or obliquely attenuate anteriorly. 
Scutellum variable, rather small and often wider than long. Elytra 
elongate, strongly attenuate posteriorly, and obliquely truncate, 
emarginate or bidentate at apex. Sternal cavity formed by the 
mesosternum and metasternum; mesosternum divided, the lateral 
branches elongate and feebly oblique; metasternum rounded in front 
and feebly grooved at the middle. Prosternum wide, flat; anterior 
margin straight, sometimes strongly declivous; prosternal process 
not constricted by the anterior coxal cavities, but strongly acuminate 
at the apex. Posterior coxae strongly dilated internally; anterior 
margin straight; posterior margin oblique internally and strongly 


art. 9 WEST INDIAN BUPRESTIDAE—FISHER 137 


arcuately emarginate toward the lateral margin. Legs feebly robust; 
femora subfusiform, the anterior and middle ones slightly more 
swollen at middle; anterior tibiae feebly arcuate, the middle and 
posterior pairs straight and subcylindrical; tarsi rather elongate; 
first joint of posterior pair subcylindrical and longer than the 
second. Abdomen with the suture between the first and second seg- 
ments distinct. Body elongate, slender, and attentuate posteriorly. 

This genus at present contains about 24 described species and is 
confined in its distribution to the western Hemisphere. 

Four species have been recorded from the West Indies, all of 
which are very closely allied and difficult to separate. C. albonotata 
seems to be confined to Haiti, while the other three species have 
only been recorded from Cuba. 


KEY TO THE SPECIES 


1. Pronotum distinctly suleate at middle________________ sulcicollis Chevrolat. 
Pronotum, not or only, feebly, sulcate at middle.) 28 a 2s 

2. Elytral foveae concolorous with remainder of surface; elytra nearly par- 
allel behind humeral angles; anterior margin of prosternum declivous and 
ATICELT COC ty, 10 Vea eee nee ee Rent Eee RD SUNOS ee ee 3: 
Elytral foveae not concolorous with remainder of surface; elytra broadly 
rounded behind humeral angles; anterior margin of prosternum declivous 


and=notunterrupted at mid dless2 = a See costulifera Chevrolat. 
3. Elytral foveae rounded, distinctly impressed and regular in size; sides of 
pronotum parallel posteriorly___._______________ multipunctata (Olivier). 


Elytral foveae more irregular, not as distinctly impressed, and more irregu- 
lar in size and shape; sides of pronotum oblique posteriorly, widest at 
HD AIS Geena min eet enn Shen ony ee alee albonotata (Castelnau and Gory). 


CINYRA SULCICOLLIS Chevrolat 


Cinyra sulcicollis CHEvroLat, Ann. Soc. Ent. France, ser. 4, vol. 7, 1867, 
p. 580 (separates p. 156).—GuNDLACH, Contribucion 4 la Entom. 
Cuba, vol. 3, pt. 5, 1891, p. 163, no. 1418. 


The following is a translation of Chevrolat’s original description: 


Elongate, bronzy green with pupureous reflections; head green, 
and longitudinally rugose, sulcate behind, with a smooth area be- 
tween the eyes and a short suleus above; antennae slender and 
greenish-blue; eyes fuscous; thorax vaguely punctate, with four 
violaceous foveae placed quadrangularly, and longitudinally im- 
pressed at front and base; scutellum round, smooth, and concave; 
elytra emarginate at apex, near the suture caniculate posteriorly ; 
each elytron bispinose, outside feebly punctate-striate, and inside 
sulcate-striate, interstice confusely punctate, with several sparse 
foveae which produce a costa; body beneath and legs punctate, 
greenish-blue, the abdomen sparsely clothed with short hairs, and 
with small glabrous spots at the sides. 

Length 15.5 mm.; width, 5 mm. 

Cuba, eastern part of the island in July. Collections of Gundlach 
and Poey. 


138 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM von. 65 


This species is close to C. armata Laporte and Gory, and I place 
it in that series. It is distinguished from the two preceding 
(costulifera and multipunctata) by the groove on the pronotum and 
by the feebly punctiform impressions on the elytra, which are about 
eight in number on each elytron. 

Chevrolat states that it can be distinguished from the two other 
Cuban species, costulifera and multipunctata, by the pronotum being 
suleate. Since both of these species have the pronotum feebly sulcate 
at the middle and were represented in his collection, his species sv- 
cicollis is probably broadly and deeply sulcate. 

Gundlach (1891) records collecting it at Caimanera, near the Bay 
of Guantanamo, Cuba. 

This species is not represented in the Poey collection in Phila- 
delphia, but there is a single example, labeled No. 1418, in the 
Gundlach Museum in Habana, which was not available for study. 

The species has been placed in the key solely upon the characters 
given in the original description, as no specimens have been available 
for study. 

CINYRA COSTULIFERA Chevrolat 


Cinyra costulifera CHEvrotat, Ann. Soc. Ent. France, ser. 4, vol. 7, 1867, 
p. 579 (separates, p. 155).—Gunpbtacw, Contribucion 4 la Entom. Cuba, 
vol. 3, pt. 5, p. 162, no. 105. 

Male.—Form elongate, more robust than albonotata or multipunc- 
tata and more flattened above; head dark aeneo-cupreous, more 
cupreous at epistoma, and becoming aureo-cupreous on the occiput, 
bottom of punctures bright green; pronotum and elytra aeneo- 
cupreous, the latter feebly purplish, with numerous bright cupreous 
or aureous foveae; beneath aeneo-cupreous, with purplish, greenish, 
or cyaneous reflections, more shining than above, and the sides of 
the abdominal segments ornated with sparsely clothed pubescent 
spots. 

Head feebly, evenly convex, without depressions, but with a dis- 
tinct longitudinal carina on the occiput; front with the sides ab- 
liquely converging to the vertex; surface deeply, rather densely and 
irregularly punctate, with numerous irregular smooth spaces on the 
front, and sparsely clothed with short inconspicuous hairs; epistoma 
broadly and deeply arcuately emarginate at middle, the lateral angles 
of the emargination acutely rounded. Pronotum one and one-half 
times as wide as long, slightly narrower in front than behind; sides 
feebly obliquely expanded from anterior margin to apical fourth, 
then nearly parallel to the posterior angles, which are rather acute; 
anterior margin nearly truncate, with an obsolete, broadly rounded 
median lobe; base feebly bisinuate; disk with an obsolete median 
sulcus, a deep ante-scutellar fovea, and four densely punctured im- 





ART, 9 WEST INDIAN BUPRESTIDAE—FISHER 139 


pressions, two at the base and two in front of the middle, forming 
a transverse quadrangle, the two basal ones more deeply, abruptly 
and transversely impressed; surface coarsely, deeply and rather 
densely punctate, the punctures more remote on the post-median 
part, and the four impressions rather densely clothed with short 
cinereous hairs. Scutellum rounded, subtruncate in front, and the 
surface obsoletely striolate. Elytra distinctly wider than pronotum 
at base, broadly rounded at humeral angles, arcuately expanded to 
behind humeri, nearly parallel to apical third, then strongly arcu- 
ately attenuate to the tips, which are truncate and rather deeply 
emarginate; surface striate-punctate, the striae feebly impressed, 
somewhat confused, and interrupted by the foveae, and the punctures 
in the striae very small and obsolete, intervals flat, and coarsely, 
rather densely, and irregularly punctate; each elytron with a number 
of feebly impressed foveae, arranged as follows: First, near scutel- 
lum; second, third, and fourth on the second stria, the second one 
small, and situated at middle, fourth, and fifth larger, one at the 
apical third, the other at apex; fifth and sixth large, round, and 
situated between the third and fifth striae, one just in front of mid- 
dle, the other behind the middle; seventh near humeral angle; eighth 
behind the humerus; six along the lateral margin, one behind the 
humerus, one near the apex, and the other four about equally dis- 
tance apart; all of the impressions rather densely clothed with short 
fulvous hairs. Abdomen beneath coarsely, rather densely and ir- 
regularly punctate, and rather densely clothed with long recumbent 
cinereous hairs; first segment feebly flattened at middle; last segment 
truncate at apex, with a deep transverse crescent shaped depression 
behind the apical margin. Prosternum feebly convex; surface 
coarsely, sparsely punctate, and nearly glabrous; anterior margin 
broadly, abruptly and strongly declivous along entire margin; 
prosternal process feebly convex, parallel to behind anterior coxae, 
then obliquely attenuate to the apex, which is acutely rounded. 

Female.—Similar to the male with the exception that the head is 
dark aeneo-cupreous, the punctures are not green at the bottom, and 
the body beneath not quite as pubescent. 

Length, 15-17 mm.; width, 5-5.75 mm. 

This species is closely allied to albonotata and multipunctata, but 
differs from both these species in being more robust and parallel 
posteriorly, the elytra more broadly rounded behind the humeri, the 
elytral foveae of a different color from the remainder of the surface, 
and the anterior margin of the prosternum not interrupted at the 
middle. 

The species was described by Chevrolat (1867) from Cuba, and 
stated that it was found in the central and eastern part of the island 


140 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 65 


in the collections of Gundlach and Poey. Gundlach (1891) records 
it from both parts of Cuba. 

The following material has been examined. Coll. Acad. Nat. Sci. 
Phila.: Cuba (Poey Coll. No. 11). Coll. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist.: 
Rio Seco, Guantanamo, Cuba, June 8, 1908 (Chas. T. Ramsden). U. 
S. Nat. Mus.: Santiago de Cuba. (Donated by the Amer. Mus. Nat. 
Hist.) There is also a specimen labeled No. 105 in the Gundlach 
Museum in Habana which has not been examined. 


CINYRA MULTIPUNCTATA (Olivier) 


Buprestis multipunctata Ouivier, Entom., vol. 2, gen. 32, 1790, pp. 86-87, pl. 
12, fig. 187.—Hersst, Nat. Syst. Ins. Kifer, vol. 9, 1801, pp. 180-181, pl. 
151, fig. 7—JacqurLIN Duvat, in Ramon de la Sagra’s Hist. Phys. 
Polit, et Nat. de Vile de Cuba, Anim. Artic., 1857 (French edition), p. 
61; (Spanish edition) vol. 7, 1857, p. 27. 

Ancylochira multipunctata CASTELNAU and Gory, Mon. Bupr., vol. 2, 1838, 
Luprestis, pp. 148-149, pl. 36, fig. 204. 

Cinyra multipunctata CHEVROLAT, Ann. Soc. Ent. France, ser. 4, vol. 7, 
1867, pp. 579-580 (separates, pp. 155-156).—GuNpLAcH, Contribucion 
ala Entom. Cuba, vol. 3, pt. 5, 1891, pp. 162-163, no. 1261. 

Form elongate, slender, and moderately convex; head aureo-cup- 
reous; pronotum and elytra cupreous, with a slight aeneous tinge 
and ornated with numerous cinereous pubescent spots; beneath cup- 
reous, with a strong aeneous or purpureous tinge, more shining than 
above and the sides of the abdominal segments ornated with small 
dense cinereous pubescent spots. 

Head feebly and evenly convex, without depressions, but with an 
obsolete longitudinal carina on the occiput; front with the sides 
obliquely converging to the vertex; surface nearly glabrous, deeply 
and rather densely punctate, the punctures not quite as coarse but 
more irregularly placed than in albonotata; intervals smooth; epis- 
toma broadly and deeply arcuately emarginate at middle, the lateral 
angles of the emargination acutely rounded. Pronotum one and 
two-fifth times as wide as long, slightly narrower in front than 
behind; sides feebly obliquely expanded from anterior margin to 
apical fourth, then nearly parallel to the posterior angles, which are 
nearly rectangular; anterior margin nearly truncate, with an obso- 
lete, broadly rounded median lobe; base feebly bisinuate; disk feebly 
sulcate at middle, with a deep ante-scutellar fovea, and four densely 
punctured impressions, two at the base and two in front of the 
middle, forming a transverse quadrangle, the basal ones more deeply, 
abruptly, and transversely impressed; surface coarsely, deeply, and 
rather densely punctured, the punctures more remote on the post- 
median part and the four impressions and median sulcus rather 
densely clothed with short cinereous hairs. Scutellum small, 


teed 


i ce ai tS 


ART. 9 WEST INDIAN BUPRESTIDAE—FISHER 141 


rounded, and the surface obsoletely striolate. Elytra slightly wider 
than pronotum at base, obtusely rounded at humeral angles, nearly 
parallel to behind humeri, slightly sinuate at posterior coxae, then 
arcuately attenuate to the tips, which are truncate and feebly bi- 
dentate; surface striato-punctate, the striae more deeply impressed 
than in costulifera, somewhat interrupted by the foveae, and the 
stria punctures small and obsolete, intervals flat, coarsely, densely, 
and irregularly punctate, the foveae round, distinct, and the ar- 
rangement similar to that of costulifera, but clothed with cinereous 
hairs. Abdomen beneath coarsely, rather densely, and irregularly 
punctate, and rather densely clothed with long recumbent cinereous 
hairs; first segment feebly flattened at middle; last segment sub- 
truncate at apex, with a narrow transverse depression behind the 
apical margin. Prosternum feebly convex; surface coarsely, deeply, 
and rather densely punctate, and sparsely clothed with fine long, 
erect, cinereous hairs; anterior margin broadly but not abruptly 
declivous on each side of the middle; prosternal process flat, parallel 
to behind the anterior coxal cavities, then obliquely attenuate to the 
apex, which is acutely rounded. 

Female.—Similar to the male, except that the head is dark aeneo- 
brunneus, and the prosternum and abdomen beneath not quite as 
pubescent. 

Length, 11.5-13 mm.; width, 3.75-4 mm. 

This species resembles albonotata in general form, but the sides of 
the pronotum are more parallel and the disk more distinctly sulcate 
at the middle, the elytra more distinctly striate, and the elytral 
foveae larger, rounder, and more distinctly defined. 

This species was originally described by Olivier (1790) from 
Sweden, but the locality being questionable, and later recorded by 
Castelnau and Gory (1838) from Habana, Cuba. Jacquelin Duval 
(1857) recorded it as having been found in Habana. Chevrolat 
(1867) recorded it from Cuba, and stated that material was in the 
collections of Gundlach, Poey, and Chevrolat. Gundlach (1891) 
records collecting it in the vicinity of “Bahia Honda y en la 
Fermina,’ Cuba. 

The following material has been examined. Coll. British Mus.: 
One specimen labeled simply “Cuba.” U. S. Nat. Mus.: Cuba 
(Chevrolat Coli.) (donated by the British Museum). The species 
is not represented in the Poey collection in Philadelphia, but there 
are two examples labeled No. 1261 in the Gundlach Museum in 
Habana which have not been seen by the writer. 


142 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 65 
CINYRA ALBONOTATA (Castelnau and Gory) 


Ancylochira albonotata CASTELNAU and Gory, Mon. Bupr., vol. 2, 1838, 
Buprestis, p. 149, pl. 36, fig. 205. 

Male—Form elongate, slender, and moderately convex; head 
aureo-viridis, becoming cupreous on the occiput; pronotum and 
elytra aeneo-cupreous and ornated with numerous cinereous pubes- 
cent spots; beneath similar in color to above, but more shining, the 
sides of the abdominal segments ornated with dense cinereous pubes- 
cent spots. 

Head feebly and evenly convex, without depressions, but with a 
short longitudinal carina on the occiput; front with the sides ob- 
liquely converging to the vertex; surface nearly glabrous, coarsely, 
deeply, and rather densely punctate, the punctures regularly sepa- 
rated and not confluent; intervals smooth; epistoma broadly and 
deeply arcuately emarginate at middle, the lateral angles of the 
emargination acutely rounded. Pronotum one and three-fifths times 
as wide as long, distinctly narrower in front than behind, widest at 
base; sides obliquely converging from base to anterior margin; 
posterior angles nearly rectangular; anterior margin nearly trun- 
cate, with an obsolete, broadly rounded, median lobe; base feebly 
bisinuate; disk with an obsolete median sulcus, a deep ante-scutellar 
fovea, and four densely punctured impressions, two at the base and 
two in front of the middle, forming a transverse quadrangle, the 
two basal ones more deeply, abruptly, and transversely impressed ; 
surface coarsely, deeply, and rather densely punctate the punctures 
more remote on the post-median part, and the four impressions 
rather densely clothed with short, cinereous hairs. Scutellum 
rounded, subtruncate in front, and the surface obsoletely striolate. 
Elytra slightly wider than pronotum at base, obtusely rounded at 
humeral angles, nearly parallel to behind humeri, feebly sinuate at 
posterior coxae, then arcuately attenuate to the tips, which are 
truncate and feebly bidentate; surface striato-punctate, the stria 
feebly impressed, and becoming obsolete at the base and toward 
lateral margins, the stria punctures very small and obsolete, intervals 
flat, coarsely, densely, and irregularly punctate, the foveae smaller, 
more irregular, and less distinct than in costulifera and multipunca- 
tata, but the arrangement is similar and the foveae sparsely clothed 
with very short, cinereous hairs. Abdomen beneath coarsely, rather 
densely, and irregularly punctate, and sparsely clothed with short, 
cinereous recumbent hairs; first segment feebly flattened at middle; 
last segment broadly truncate and feebly sinuate at apex, with a 
narrow transverse depression behind the apical margin. Prosternum 
feebly convex; surface coarsely and rather densely punctate, and 
sparsely clothed with fine, long, erect, cinereous hairs; anterior mar- 





ArT. 9 WEST INDIAN BUPRESTIDAE—FISHER 143 


gin broadly, abruptly declivous on each side of the middle; pros- 
ternal process flat, parallel to behind the anterior coxal cavities, then 
obliquely attenuate to the apex, which is acutely rounded. 

Female.—Similar to the male, except that the head is aeneo-cupre- 
ous, and the prosternum and abdomen beneath not quite as densely 
pubescent. 

Length, 13 mm.; width 4.5 mm. 

This species was described by Castelnau and Gory (1838) from 
Port-au-Prince, Haiti, and seems to be confined to that island. 

The following material has been examined. Coll. British Mus.: 
One specimen, labeled Haiti (Obert), compared with type, Kerre- 
mans, 1903-59, and two other specimens simply labeled St. Domingo. 
Coll. U. S. Nat. Mus.: Port-au-Prince, Haiti. 


Genus BUPRESTIS Linnaeus 


Buprestis LINNAEUS, Syst. Nat., 10 ed., 1758, pp. 408-410.—So.ier, Ann. 
Soc. Ent. France, ser. 1, vol. 2, 1833, pp. 279-281, pl. 10, fig. 10.— 
LACoRDAIRE, Gen. Col., vol. 4, 1857, pp. 40-42.—KrrrEMANS, Wytsman’s 
Gen. Insectorum, fase. 12, pt. 3, 1903, pp. 140-143.—Casry, Proc. Wash. 
Acad. Sci., vol. 11, 1909, pp. 87-128.—NicotAy and WErtss, Journ. N. Y. 
Ent. Soc., vol. 26, 1918, pp. 75-109, pls. 5-6. 

Ancylochira EscuscHoutz, Zool. Atlas, vol. 1, 1829, p. 9 (reprint p. 8).— 
CASTELNAU and Gory, Mon. Bupr., vol. 2, 1838, Buprestis pp. 125-149, 
pits. 30-81; addenda p. 3. 

Anoplis Kirpy, Richardson’s Fauna Bor. Amer., vol. 4, 1837, pp. 151-154. 

Head flat or feebly convex, the sides nearly parallel; front not 
narrowed by the insertion of the antennae, and sometimes feebly 
grooved; epistoma short, and usually more or less emarginate in 
front; antennal cavities small, rounded, and situated a considerable 
distance from the inner margin of the eyes. Antennae rather long 
and slender, nearly as long as the head and pronotum united; first 
joint elongate, more or less clavate; third joint at least two times as 
long as the second; the following joints elongate, triangular, dentate 
on the inner side, and armed with a poriferous fovea situated on the 
inferior side at the apical margin of the joint. Eyes rather large, 
about two times as long as wide, moderately convex, and very feebly 
converging above. Pronotum wider than long; sides oblique, or more 
or less arcuate, with the lateral edges feebly and narrowly margined 
posteriorly; base bisinuate. Scutellum small and rounded. Elytra 
dilated behind the humeri, attenuate posteriorly, truncate or rounded 
at apex, which is more or less bidentate; disk striato-punctate, with 
the intervals flat or elevated, sometimes the alternate intervals costate. 
Sternal cavity formed by the mesosternum and metasternum; Mesos- 
ternum divided, the lateral branches elongate and feebly oblique; 
metasternum emarginate in front and grooved at the middle. 


144 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 65 


Prosternum narrow, flat or depressed; anterior margin truncate or 
arcuately emarginate; prosternal process not constricted by the 
anterior coxal cavities, and obtusely acuminate at apex. Posterior 
coxae strongly dilated internally; anterior margin sinuate; posterior 
margin oblique. Legs rather slender; anterior and middle femora 
fusiform, the former more strongly swollen at middle; posterior pair 
flattened and subcylindrical; tibiae cylindrical, the anterior pair more 
flattened, and in the males sometimes armed with a large hook at the 
apex; tarsi rather robust; the first joint of posterior pair longer than 
the second joint. Abdomen with the suture between first and second 
segments distinct; last segment rounded at apex in female, truncate 
or feebly emarginate with two more or less acute teeth in the male. 
Body elongate-oval, feebly convex, enlarged at base of elytron, and 
attenuate in front and behind. 

This genus at present includes about 60 described species, and is 
distributed over the entire North Temperate Zone, with a few species 
extending their range to near the equator, and are very troublesome 
to separate because of considerable variation in form, color, size, and 
sculpture within the species. The apex of the abdomen is more or 
less truncate in both sexes, sometimes more deeply sinuate in the 
male, but these secondary sexual characters are very inconstant and 
misleading, so that they should be used with caution in determining 
the sexes. 

The present paper includes 10 species, two of which are new, which 
have been recorded or collected in the West Indies. Eight of these 
species have been described originally from North America, and since 
the larvae of most of the species live in various species of coniferous 
trees, they possibly have been introduced into the islands at various 
times in timber from the United States. 


KEY TO THE SPECIES 


1% Prosternum) broddlysuleate at. middléntiwouet silt * bios Sat aes 2. 


Prosternum not or very feebly suleate at middle____________________-_- 6. 
2; lulytrajstriato-punctate:. 2. hen eee Se RE Ee ee ee ee 3. 
Ebytra’ costatec = sta 2 8 eS ps ee BEE ee Og ea SES ee a eee ee 5. 


8. Elytral striae distinctly impressed; elytra aeneous, with a brownish or 
purpureous tinge, and ornated with irregular fulvous spots. 


maculipennis Gory. 
1 


Hlytral’ striae: not )distinetly- impressede=__— 232224 252 4524 = shes 4. 
45 Color above, Gull. cupreous-beown-- +... ee ee apricans Herbst. 
Color above green; elytra occasionally with a median indigo-blue vittae, 
and the suture and lateral margins always cupreous___ decora Fabricins. 


5. Elytral costae flat, punctured; color above dark coppery-brown. 
striata Fabricius. 
Elytral costae convex, their summits polished and not or very feebly 
punctured; color above green to ultramarine, the suture and lateral 
Margins usually cupreous. aurulenta Linnaeus. 





arr, 9 WEST INDIAN BUPRESTIDAE—FISHER 145 
Gaulytra: with distinet.~spotsyor wittae. 2 2 ee i 
viral AO eae ee ee ee eee ee ey ee iad 9. 

7. Elytron each with two reddish or fulvous vittae, more or less confluent 
LTD Chas ULTAE G@ C eee oeecie e e  Rane Neega  Peps hER ee lineata Fabricius. 
Hlytron-with fulvous spots or blotches. 2220/2 1% isa tee wo aet Airs 8. 

8S. Color above green to dark blue, the elytra ornated with irregular fulvous 
ATV PAS WS Py ateteek 2 Ae Eee pis ce tS ye ee) fasciata Fabricius 
Color above aeneous, with a brownish or purpureous tinge, the elytra 
ornated with irregular fulvous markings_____-______ maculipennis Gory. 

9. Elytral intervals between striae 2-3, 4-5, and 8-9 elevated and forming 
obtuse ridges__-___-_ PREIS LIP ES EEE Th Aa) maculativentris Say 
Lyin BimtenvialSrail a teeyeiseiess sere isk bre ei ee pee) 1) 2 Pio te eo 10. 
10. Elytra fulvous, with the suture, lateral margins, and bottoms of striae 
DILLDUGEO-CUPRCOUS Re aie Be ee ee ee cubensis Fisher. 


Elytra piceous, with a strong purpureous or cupreous tinge. 
decipiens Fisher. 


BUPRESTIS MACULIPENNIS Gory 


Buprestis maculipennis Gory, Mon. Bupr., Suppl., vol. 4, 1840, pp. 118-120, 
pl. 21, fig. 117.—FLruTIAUx and SALLE, Ann. Soc. Ent. France, ser. 6, 
vol. 9, 1890, p. 405 (separate p. 55).—NicoLtay and Werss, Journ. N. Y. 
Ent. Soc., vol. 26, 1918, pp. 93-94, pl. 1, figs. 1-2. 

Ancylocheira maculipennis DEJEAN, Cat. Coleopt., 2 ed., 1833, p. 78; 38 ed., 
1836, p. 88. 

Buprestis inconstans MELSHEIMER, Proc. Acad. Nat. Se’., Phila., vol. 2, 1846, 
p. 146. 

Buprestis deficiens Casry, Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., vol. 11, 1909, pp. 90-91. 

Buprestis fusiformis Casgy, Proce. Wash. Acad. Nat. Sci., vol. 11, 1909, p. 
while 

Buprestis scripta Casry, Proce. Wash. Acad. Sci., vol. 11, 1909, p. 91. 

Buprestis reducta, CAsry, Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., vol. 11, 1909, p. 92. 

Buprestis leporina Casry, Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., vol. 11, 1909, p. 92. 


Male.—Elongate oval, shorter and less attenuate posteriorly than 
lineata; head aeneous, front variable in color, sometimes yellowish or 
brick-red, with two central spots and a small spot at base of each 
antennae aeneous; pronotum and elytra aeneous, sometimes with a 
brownish or purpureous tinge, the former occasionally with the apical 
angles yellowish, the latter with yellowish markings, which are ex- 
tremely variable, ranging from a few scattered spots to large con- 
fluent patches covering the entire elytra, except the humeri, suture, 
lateral margins, and a triangular spot in middle, extending from the 
lateral margins to suture and apex, but not forming vittae, as in 
lineata; beneath aeneous, the anterior part of prosternum, median 
part of sternum, and last abdominal segment more or less marked 
with yellow. 

Head flat, with a feeble longitudinal carina on occiput; surface 
coarsely and irregularly punctate, and sparsely clothed with incon- 
spicuous hairs; intervals smooth and rather shining; epistoma 
broadly, but feebly arcuately emarginate in front. Pronotum not 


146 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 65 


quite two times as wide as long, widest at base, distinctly narrower 
in front than behind; sides strongly, obliquely attenuate from base 
to apical angles; posterior angles acute and projecting; anterior 
margin nearly truncate at sides, with a broadly rounded median lobe; 
surface coarsely and rather densely punctate, the punctures deep and 
irregularly placed. Scutellum oval, somewhat truncate in front. 
Elytra a little wider than pronotum at base, slightly dilated behind 
the humeri, feebly sinuate at posterior coxae, then arcuately attenu- 
ate to the tips, which are truncate and rather strongly dentate; sur- 
face striato-punctate, the punctures fine, shallow, and distinctly sepa- 
rated; intervals nearly flat, with a few coarse, irregularly placed 
punctures. Abdomen beneath coarsely and rather densely punctate, 
the punctures variable in size and irregularly placed; intervals finely, 
densely granulose and sparsely clothed with fine semi-erect hairs; 
first segment broadly and deeply longitudinally grooved at middle; 
last segment broadly truncate at apex, with a small tooth on each 
side, the yellow spot at each anterior angle sometimes quite large 
and forming a fascia, but usually small and rarely missing. Pros- 
ternum flat, sparsely and coarsely punctate, and the anterior margin 
nearly truncate; prosternal process narrow, not or only obsoletely 
sulcate at middle, parallel to behind the anterior coxal cavities, then 
obliquely attenuate to the apex, which is acutely rounded. Anterior 
femora strongly swollen at middle; anterior tibiae emarginate, flat- 
tened on the inner side and armed with a large broad hook; anterior 
tarsi much broader than the posterior ones. 

Female.—Similar to the male, but the head is a little more convex, 
yellow markings not as much extended, last ventral segment more 
rounded at apex, and the yellow markings more prominent, the an- 
terior tarsi more slender and the anterior tibiae not armed with a 
hook at the apex. 

Length, 10-14.5 mm.; width, 4.5-6 mm. 

The name maculipennis was first used in this genus by Dejean 
(1833), without giving any description, but Gory (1840) described 
the species from a specimen in the Dejean collection from North 
America. This species is distributed over the eastern United States 
from Maine to Louisiana and westward to Missouri. It is closely 
related to lineata, but can be readily distinguished from that species 
by the yellowish elytral markings, more oval in form, and dis- 
tinctly brassy tinge. The larvae is recorded as living in pine and 
hemlock. 

It has been recorded by Fleutiaux and Sallé (1890) from Guade- 
loupe, but no specimens of this species have been examined from the 
West Indies. 





: 


a en 


a lt, Pt i Si Ca ag 


Og AE ee ce laa hae SN il a BE ot 


ART, 9 WEST INDIAN BUPRESTIDAE—FISHER 147 


BUPRESTIS APRICANS Herbst 


Buprestis apricans Hrrgst, Nat. Syst. Ins. Kifer, vol. 9, 1801, pp. 125-126, 
pl. 145, fig. 9.—Nicoiay and WeEtss, Journ. N. Y, Ent. Soc., vol. 26, 1918, 
p. 88. 

Buprestis nigricornis SturM, Cat. Ins. Samml., 1826, p. 105. 

Ancylochira bosci CASTELNAU and Gory, Mon. Bupr., vol. 2, 1838, Buprestis, 
pp. 146-147, pl. 36, fig. 201. 

Buprestis cribripennis Casry, Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., vol. 11, 1909, p. 127. 

Male—Oblong oval, uniformly dull cupreous-brown, sometimes 
with a greenish or purplish tinge; beneath purpureous or aeneous, 
with a distinct cupreous tinge, and more shining than above. 

Head feebly convex, with a more or less elevated median carina; 
surface very coarsely and densely punctate, the punctures confluent, 
and forming longitudinal rugae on the front, and rather densely 
clothed with long recumbent cinereous hairs; epistoma broadly, but 
feebly arcuately emarginate in front. Pronotum a little more than 
one and one-half times as wide as long; sides variable, in same speci- 
mens feebly, arcuately rounded and widest at middle, in others ar- 
cuately attenuate from base to apical angles and strongly sinuate at 
basal fourth; posterior angles nearly rectangular; anterior margin 
arcuately emarginate, with a broadly rounded median lobe; surface 
coarsely and rather densely punctate, the punctures irregularly 
placed and somewhat confluent at the sides and anterior margin. 
Scutellum round, and broadly depressed at middle. Elytra a little 
wider than pronotum at base, slightly dilated behind the humer, 
strongly sinuate at posterior coxae, then arcuately attenuate to the 
tips, which are subtruncate, with a small tooth at the sutural angle; 
surface striato-punctate, the striae not impressed and the punctures 
near base at least two times as large as the punctures on intervals; 
intervals flat and coarsely, densely and irregularly punctate. Abdo- 
men beneath coarsely and rather densely punctate, the punctures 
deep and irregularly placed, and sparsely clothed with long recum- 
bent cinereous hairs; intervals smooth; first segment not grooved at 
middle; last segment broadly truncate and feebly sinuate at apex, 
and without lateral teeth. Prosternum rather flat, somewhat decli- 
vous in front, densely, coarsely punctate, and rather sparsely clothed 
with long recumbent hairs; anterior margin feebly sinuate; proster- 
nal process feebly suleate at the middle, parallel to behind the 
anterior coxal cavities, then feebly attenuate to the apex, which is 
very broadly rounded. Femora and tibia similar on all legs, the 
anterior tibiae without a hook at apex; anterior tarsi not distinctly 
broader than posterior ones. 

Female.—There are but slight external structural differences in 
the sexes. The females are usually larger and broader, and the 
last abdominal segment more broadly rounded at apex. 

Length, 16-24 mm.; width, 6-9 mm. 


148 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 65 


This species was described by Herbst (1801) from America. It 
is a southern species and its distribution extends along the Southern 
Atlantic and Gulf States, from North Carolina to Texas, and in 
some parts of the South the larvae becomes quite injurious to the 
long leaf pine (Pinus palustris Miller). The admission of the 
species in the present paper is based on a single specimen in the 
Coll. U. S. National Museum, labeled “Havana, Cuba (Roig) ,” 
and it is just possible that this specimen emerged from pine lumber 
shipped from the Southern States. 


BUPRESTIS DECORA Fabricius 


Buprestis decora, Fasrictus, Syst. HEnt., 1775, p. 217.—O.ivier, Entom., 
vol. 2, gen. 32, 1790, p. 18, pl. 8, fig. 82.—CHEvroLat, Ann. Soc. Ent- 
France, ser. 4, vol. 7, 1867, p. 578 (separates, p. 154).—FLEUTIAUX 
and Satif, Ann. Soc. Ent. France, ser. 6, vol. 9, p. 405 (separates, 
p. 55).—GunpbiacH, Contribucion 4 la Entom. Cuba, vol. 3, pt. 5, 
1891, p. 161, no. 1630.—NicoLay and Wetss, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., 
vol. 26, 1918, pp. 88-89. 

Ancylochira decora CASTELNAU and Gory, Mon. Bupr., vol. 2, 1838, Bu- 
prestis, pp. 145-146, pl. 36, fig. 199—GunpLacH, An. Soc. Espan. Hist- 
Nat., ser. 2, vol. 22, 1894, p. 623. 

Male.—Narrow elongate; head and pronotum green, with the re- 
liefs more or less violaceous or cupreous; elytra green, occasionally 
with distinct median indigo-blue vittae, and the suture and lateral 
margins always cupreous; beneath green, with a cupreous reflection. 

Head feebly convex, with a distinct longitudinal carina on the 
occiput; surface very coarsely and densely punctate, the punctures 
confluent and forming longitudinal rugae on the front, and rather 
densely clothed with long erect cinereous hairs; epistoma broadly 
but feebly arcuately emarginate in front. Pronotum not quite two 
times as wide as long, widest at base, and slightly narrower in front 
than behind; sides feebly obliquely attenuate from base to apical 
angles; posterior angles acute and slightly projecting; anterior mar- 
gin feebly arcuately emarginate, with a broadly rounded median 
lobe; disk sometimes with an obsolete median sulcus or smooth longi- 
tudinal area; surface deeply and densely punctate, the punctures 
very coarse, irregularly placed, and becoming somewhat confluent 
at the sides. Scutellum oval, somewhat truncate in front. Elytra 
a little wider than pronotum at base, slightly dilated behind the 
humeri, rather strongly sinuate at posterior coxae, then arcuately 
attenuate to the tips, which are rather broadly truncate and biden- 
tate; surface feebly striato-punctate, the striae feebly impressed 
and becoming obsolete at sides and toward apex, the striae punc- 
tures very coarse, intermixed with smaller ones of the same size 
as those on the intervals; intervals flat and very densely punctate, 
the punctures coarse, deep, irregularly placed, and becoming con- 
fluent at sides and apex. Abdomen beneath coarsely and rather 





arr. 9 WEST INDIAN BUPRESTIDAE—FISHER 149 


densely punctate, the punctures variable in size and irregularly 
placed, rather densely clothed with long, erect, cinereous hairs; in- 
tervals obsoletely granulose; first segment not grooved at middle; 
last segment feebly sinuate at apex, with the lateral teeth obsolete 
or variable. Prosternum rather flat, rather densely clothed with 
long cinereous pubescence, and densely, coarsely punctate; anterior 
margin nearly truncate; prosternal process broadly sulcate at 
middle, parallel to behind the anterior coxal cavities, then obliquely 
attenuate to the apex, which is rather broadly rounded. Anterior 
femora strongly swollen at middle; anterior tibiae somewhat flat- 
tened at apex, but without a large hook; anterior tarsi much 
broader than the posterior ones. 

Female—Similar to the male, but differs from it by having the 
head and underside of body not as densely pubescent, last ventral 
segment of abdomen more broadly truncate at apex, and the ante- 
rior tarsi not distinctly broader than the posterior ones. 

Length, 11-18 mm.; width, 4.5-6.5 mm. 

Described by Fabricius (1775) from America. This species is 
found throughout the southeastern part of North America, and its 
distribution extends from New Jersey to Texas. The adults are 
very constant in coloration, size, and form, and are not rare in the 
Southern States; the larvae are found in pine. 

Chevrolat (1867) records it from Guadeloupe in the collection of 
Chevrolat, and from Cuba in the collections of Gundlach and Poey. 
Fleutiaux and Sallé (1890) record it from Pointe 4 Pitre, Guade- 
loupe, around the wharfs (Vitrac), and Gundlach (1891) reports 
collecting it in the eastern part of Cuba, and also records it from 
Guadeloupe and North America. Gundlach (1894) also records it 
from Porto Rico. 

The following material has been examined. Coll. Acad. Nat. 
Sci. Philad.: “Cuba” (Poey Coll. No. 13). Coll. S. C. Bruner: 
Labeled “ Est. Cent. Agri. de Cuba, Feb. 27,” without giving any 
definite locality. There is also a single example of this species 
labeled No. 16380 in the Gundlach Museum in Habana, which has 
not been examined. 


BUPRESTIS STRIATA Fabricius 


rr 


Buprestis striata Faprictus, Syst. Ent., 1775, p. 217.—Ouivirer, Entom., vol. 
2, gen. 32, 1790, pp. 15-16, pl. 7, fig. 77.—NicoLay and WEIss, Journ. 
N. Y. Ent. Soc., vol. 26, 1918, pp. 85—87. 
Ancylochira striata CASTELNAU and Gory, Mon. Bupr., vol. 2, 1838, Bupres- 
tis, pp. 147-148, pl. 386, fig. 202. 
Buprestis obscura Casky, Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., vol. 11, 1909, p. 125. 
Male.—Elongate oval, dark coppery-brown, sometimes with an 
obsolete aeneous reflection; beneath coppery-brown to bright cupre- 
ous and more shining than above. 


150 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 65 


Head feebly convex, with a distinct longitudinal carina; surface 
very coarsely and densely punctate, the punctures confluent and 
forming smooth longitudinal rugae on the front, and sparsely 
clothed with long erect cinereous hairs; epistoma broadly and rather 
deeply arcuately emarginate in front. Pronotum nearly two times 
as wide as long, widest at base, slightly narrower in front than be- 
hind; sides variable, feebly arcuately attenuate from base to apical 
angles, or nearly parallel to apical third, then strongly converging 
to the apex; posterior angles rather acute; anterior margin feebly 
arcuately emarginate, with a broadly rounded median lobe; disk 
obsoletely longitudinally sulcate at middle; surface coarsely and 
deeply punctate, the punctures irregularly placed, rather widely 
separated on the disk, but becoming denser and more confluent to- 
ward the sides. Scutellum rounded and impressed at middle. 
Elytra a little wider than pronotum at base, more or less dilated 
behind the humeri, nearly parallel to apical third, then arcuately 
attenuate to the tips, which are rounded, truncate, sinuate-truncate, 
or somewhat bidentate; each elytron with four costae, suture and 
lateral margin elevated, the costae smooth, rather flat, and sparsely, 
coarsely, and irregularly punctured, intervals densely and coarsely 
cribate. Abdomen beneath rather finely and densely punctate at 
middle, the punctures becoming coarser and denser toward the sides 
and on apical segment, and sparsely clothed with long cinereous 
hairs; first segment feebly flattened at middle; last segment rounded, 
truncate or obsoletely sinuate at apex. Prosternum feebly convex, 
dentate, and very coarsely punctate, and sparsely clothed with long, 
erect cinereous hairs; anterior margin truncate; prosternal process 
flat, broadly suleate at middle, smooth at sides, and densely punc- 
tured in the depression, parallel to behind anterior coxal cavities, 
then abruptly attenuate to the apex, which is broadly rounded. 
Anterior and middle femora feebly swollen at middle; anterior 
tibiae feebly flattened at apex, but without a long hook; anterior 
tarsi not distinctly broader than posterior ones. 

Female.—Usually more robust and not quite as densely pubescent 
beneath as in the males. 

Length, 13-20 mm.; width, 5.5-8 mm. 

This is another North American species which was described by 
Fabricius (1775) from Pennsylvania. It is rather common and is 
distributed over the entire eastern North America from Canada to 
Texas and westward to Missouri, the larvae inhabiting various species 
of pine. Only one specimen was examined from the West Indies 
and this was received from the British Museum and simply labeled 
“ Haiti, Saunders 74-18.” 





ART. 9 WEST INDIAN BUPRESTIDAE—FISHER 161 


BUPRESTIS AURULENTA Linnaeus 


Buprestis aurulenta LINNAEUS, Syst. Nat., 12 ed., 1767, p. 661.—OLIVIER, 
Entom., vol. 2, gen. 32, 1790, pp. 18-19, pl. 9, fig. 98.—IF'LruTraAux and 
SaLLf£, Ann. Soe. Ent. France, ser. 6, vol. 9, 1890, p. 405 (separates 
p. 55).—NicoLtay and Werss, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., vol. 26, 1918, pp. 
82-84, 
Ancylochira radians LECoNnTE, Proce. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., vol. 7, 1854, 
prise 
Ancylochira lauta LEConTE, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sei. Phila., vol. 7, 1854, p. 17. 
Ancylochira villosa LEConTE, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1873, p. 331. 
Buprestis fabulosa CasEy, Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., vol. 11, 1909, pp. 119-120. 
Buprestis aemula CAasrEy, Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., vol. 11, 1909, p. 121. 
Buprestis tacomae CaAsrEy, Proce. Wash. Acad. Sci., vol. 11, 1909, p. 121. 
Buprestis nupta Casty, Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., vol. 11, 1909, pp. 121-122. 
Buprestis venusta Casry, Proce. Wash. Acad. Sci., vol. 11, 1909, p. 122. 
Buprestis prospera Casry, Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., vol. 11, 1909, p. 128. 
Buprestis affinis Casey, Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., vol. 11, 1909, p. 123. 
Buprestis adulans CasrEy, Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., vol. 11, 1909, p. 128. 
Male—HElongate-suboval, broader than decora; head and _ pro- 
notum green, with the front of head and sides of pronotum more or 
less cupreous; elytra pale green to ultramarine, the suture and lateral 
margins usually bright cupreous; beneath bright green or cupreous. 
Head feebly convex, with a distinct longitudinal carina; surface 
densely and coarsely punctate, the punctures confluent and forming 
longitudinal rugae on the front, and rather sparsely clothed with 
long recumbent cinereous hairs; epistoma broadly, but not deeply 
arcuately emarginate in front. Pronotum not quite two times as 
wide as long, widest near basal third, narrower in front than behind; 
sides arcuately rounded to middle, then more attenuate to the apical 
angles; posterior angles nearly rectangular; anterior margin feebly 
arcuately emarginate, with a broadly rounded median lobe; disk 
obsoletely longitudinally sulcate at middle; surface coarsely, rather 
densely, and deeply punctate, the punctures irregularly placed, and 
becoming denser and more confluent toward the sides, and with a 
few inconspicuous hairs; intervals obsoletely granulose. Scutellum 
oval, truncate at base and more or less depressed at middle. Elytra 
wider than pronotum at base, feebly dilated behind the humeri, 
sinuate at posterior coxae, then arcuately attenuate to the tips, which 
are more or less rounded or subtruncate, the sutural angle frequently 
minutely dentate; each elytron with four discal costae, a short post- 
scutellar costa, suture and lateral margin elevated, the summits of 
which are smooth and not punctate; intervals very densely and 
evenly cribrate. Abdomen beneath rather finely strongly, but not 
closely punctate, and rather densely clothed with long, fine cinereous 
hairs; intervals obsoletely granulose; first segment not sulcate at 
middle; last segment truncate at apex. Prosternum feebly convex, 
the anterior margin somewhat sinuate, and the surface coarsely, 


152 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM Vou. 65 


densely punctate; prosternal process sulcate at middle, parallel to 
behind the anterior coxal cavities, then obliquely attenuate to the 
apex, which is obtusely rounded. Femora similar on all legs; ante- 
rior tibiae flattened at apex, but without a hook; anterior tarsi not 
distinctly broader than posterior ones. 

Female.—The sexes show very few external structural differences, 
the females are usually larger, more robust and the abdomen beneath 
not quite as densely pubescent. 

Length, 13-20 mm.; width, 5-7.5 mm. 

Originally described by Linnaeus (1767) from North America. It 
is one of the most beautiful Buprestids and is very common along the 
Pacific coast, the distribution extending from British Columbia to 
southern California and eastward to the Rocky Mountains. It is a 
very variable species, both in color and size, and having caused con- 
siderable synonymy. The larvae live in Douglas fir, western red 
cedar, and various species of pines. 

I have not seen any specimens from the West Indies, but Fleutiaux 
and Sallé (1890) report it from Guadeloupe. If their identification 
is correct, it was probably introduced in lumber from the Western 
States, as the species is not found in the eastern part of the United 
States. 


BUPRESTIS LINEATA Fabricius 


Buprestis lineata Fasrictus, Syst. Ent., 1775, pp. 217-218.—O ivier, Entom., 
vol. 2, gen. 32, 1790, pp. 28-29, pl. 8, fig. 80.—CHeEvRoLAT, Ann. Soc. 
Ent. France, ser. 4, vol. 7, 1867, pp. 577-578 (separates pp. 153-154) .— 
FLEUTIAUX and Satik, Ann. Soe. Ent. France, ser. 6, vol. 9, p. 405 
(separate p. 55) —Gunptacu, Contribucion 4 la Entom. Cuba, vol. 3, 
pt. 5, 1891, pp. 160-161, no. 1416—NicoLtay and Wetss, Journ. N. Y. 
Ent. Soc., vol. 26, 1918, pp. 94-95, pl. 1, figs. 3-4—STanLt, Fauna de 
Puerto Rico, 1882, p. 171. 

Ancylochira lineata CASTELNAU and Gory, Mon. Bupr., vol. 2, 1838, Bupres- 
tis, pp. 143-144, pl. 35, fig. 196—GunpLacH, Ann. Soc. Ent. Espan., 
Hist. Nat., ser. 2, vol. 22, 1894, p. 628. 

Male.—Elongate oval; head aeneous, the front more or less fulvous, 
and usually enclosing two aeneous spots; pronotum aeneous, with the 
sides brick-red or fulvous; elytra piceous with a bluish or greenish 
tinge, and each elytron with two more or less connected brick-red or 
fulvous vittae, which, although rarely wanting, are never broken up 
into distinct spots; beneath aeneous, somewhat cupreous, the ante- 
rior part of prosternum and last ventral segment more or less marked 
with fulvous. 

Head flat, with a feeble longitudinal carina on occiput; surface 
coarsely and irregularly punctate, and sparsely clothed with incon- 
spicuous hairs; intervals smooth and subopaque; epistoma broadly 
arcuately emarginate in front. Pronotum about two times as wide 


ART. 9 WEST INDIAN BUPRESTIDAE—FISHER 153 


as long, widest at base, distinctly narrower in front than behind; 
sides strongly, obliquely attenuate from base to apical angles; pos- 
terior angles acute and projecting; anterior margin feebly emarginate, 
with a broadly rounded median lobe; surface coarsely and rather 
densely punctate, the punctures deep and irregularly placed. Scu- 
tellum oval, and somewhat truncate in front. Elytra as wide as pro- 
notum at base, broadly dilated behind the humeri, feebly sinuate at 
posterior coxae, then arcuately attenuate to the tips, which are sub- 
truncate and strongly dentate; surface striate-punctate, the punc- 
tures fine, shallow, and distinctly separated; intervals flat, with a few 
coarse, irregularly placed punctures. Abdomen beneath rather 
densely and deeply punctate, the punctures variable in size, irregu- 
larly placed, and somewhat confluent at sides and on last segment; 
intervals finely and densely granulose, and sparsely clothed with 
inconspicuous hairs; first segment broadly longitudinally grooved at 
middle; last segment broadly truncate and feebly sinuate at apex, 
with a small tooth on each side, the small fulvous spot at each ante- 
rior angle sometimes quite large and almost united into a fascia, 
but usually small and almost obsolete. Prosternum rather flat and 
coarsely and sparsely punctate; anterior margin broadly arcuately 
emarginate; prosternal process not sulcate at middle, parallel to 
behind anterior coxal cavities, then obliquely attenuate to the apex, 
which is rather acutely rounded. Anterior femora strongly swollen 
at middle; anterior tibiae emargined, flattened on inner side, and 
armed with a large, broad hook at the apex; anterior tarsi much 
broader than posterior ones. 

Female.—Similar to the male, but the head is a little more convex, 
last abdominal segment more rounded at apex, the anterior tarsi 
more slender, scarcely any wider than the posterior ones, and the 
anterior tibiae not armed with a hook at the apex. 

Length, 12-20 mm.; width, 5-8 mm. 

Described by Fabricius (1775) from America. It is distributed 
over the entire eastern part of North America, from Nova Scotia to 
Texas and westward to Indiana, the larvae living in various species 
of pine. 

Chevrolat (1867) records it from Guadeloupe in the collection of 
Chevrolat, and from the central and eastern part of Cuba in the 
collection of Gundlach and Poey. Fleutiaux and Sallé (1890) 
record it from Guadeloupe, and Gundlach (1891) reports taking 
it at “ Cienaga de Zapata ” and Santiago de Cuba, and also records 
it from Guadeloupe. Gundlach (1894) and Stahl (1882) both record 
it from Porto Rico. 

I have examined two specimens, one kindly loaned by the British 
Museum and labeled “ Guadeloupe (Lhermanier) Coll. Chevrolat,” 


154 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 65 


and which is probably the specimen referred to by Chevrolat, 
Fleutiaux, and Sallé, the other in the collection of S. C. Bruner, 
labeled Camaguey, Cuba (J. Acuna). 

The species is not represented in the Poey collection in Phila- 
delphia, but there are two specimens labeled No. 1416 in the Gund- 
lach Museum in Habana, which have not been examined. 


BUPRESTIS FASCIATA Fabricius 


Buprestis fasciata. Faprictus, Mant. Ins., vol. 1, 1787, p. 177.—OLIvier, 
Entom., vol. 2, gen. 32, 1790, p. 21, pl. 9, fig. 92.—MFtLeutTraux and 
SaLie&, Ann. Soc. Ent. France, ser. 6, vol. 9, p. 405 (separates, p. 55).— 
Nicotay and WEIss, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., vol. 26, 1918, pp. 102-103. 

Buprestis sexrmaculata Hersst, Nat. Syst. Ins., Kifer, vol. 9, 1801, pp. 
163-164, pl. 148, fig. 5. 

Ancylocheira (Buprestis) lherminieri CHEVROLAT, Silbermann’s Rev. Ent., 
vol. 5, 1838, pp. 68-69.—FLEUTIAUx and SALLf&, Ann. Soc. Ent. France, 
Ser. 6, vol. 9, 1890, p. 405 (separate, p. 55). 

Ancylochira sexplagiata LEConTE, Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. Phila., n. ser., 
vol. 11, 1859, pp. 205-206. 

Buprestic fulgens CAsrky, Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., vol. 11, 1909, pp. 106-107. 

Buprestis fortunata CAasry, Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., vol. 11, 1909, p. 107. 

Buprestis saturata CAsrEy, Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., vol. 11, 1909, p. 114. 

Male.—Elongate oval, bright green to dark blue; elytra each with 
a conspicuous irregular pale fascia at apical third, a small oblique 
subapical spot, and with a large oblong or oval yellow discal spot 
behind the scutellum, but not quite attaining the base; beneath 
bright green, cupreous, or violaceous. 

Head feebly convex, with an obsolete longitudinal carina on occi- 
put; surface densely, coarsely, and confluently punctate and clothed 
with a few long inconspicuous hairs; epistoma rather deeply arcu- 
ately emarginate in front. Pronotum nearly two times as wide 
as long, widest near base, slightly narrower in front than behind; 
sides somewhat variable, evenly converging, and distinctly arcuate 
from a short and very feeble, although abrupt, basal swelling to 
the apex, and sometimes incurved at the base; posterior angles 
rather acute; anterior margin arcuately emarginate, with a broadly 
rounded median lobe; disk more or less impressed along the mid- 
dle, and the ante-scutellar fovea distinct; surface deeply and rather 
densely punctate, the punctures coarse and irregularly placed. 
Scutellum small, subquadrate, truncate in front, but somewhat 
variable. Elytra slightly wider than pronotum at base, feebly ex- 
panded behind humeri, nearly parallel to apical third, then arcu- 
ately attenuate to the tips, which are more or less bidentate; sur- 
face strongly striate, the striae distinct, evenly, and rather closely 
punctate; intervals feebly convex, obsoletely, and remotely punc- 
tate. Abdomen beneath rather finely and densely punctate, the 
punctures becoming coarser and denser toward the sides; intervals 





| 
! 


SY pane A el ASE sr i ee ee lo a ee tet OS 


Tab alec 


ART. 9 WEST INDIAN BUPRESTIDAE—-FISHER 155 


obsoletely granulose; first segment feebly impressed along middle; 
last segment broadly, arcuately emarginate at apex. Prosternum 
feebly convex, densely, coarsely punctate, and rather sparsely clothed 
with long, erect cinereous hairs; anterior margin nearly truncate; 
prosternal process feebly convex, not sulcate at middle, sides parallel 
to behind anterior coxal cavities, then obliquely attenuate to the 
apex, which is rather broadly rounded, anterior femora feebly 
swollen at middle; anterior tibiae somewhat flattened at apex, but 
without a large hook; anterior tarsi not broader than the posterior 
ones. 

Female.—Usually more robust than the male, each elytron with 
an irregular yellow fascia at apical third, a small subapical spot, 
and occasionally with a small yellow discal spot at middle, pro- 
sternum sparsely punctured and not conspicuously pubescent, ab- 
domen with the first segment more convex, and the last segment 
more sinuate at apex. 

Length, 11-18 mm.; width, 4.5-7 mm. 

This species was originally described by Fabricius (1787) from 
North America, and Chevrolat (1838) described the same species 
from Pointe a Pitre, Guadeloupe Island, under the name of 
lherminiert. Fleutiaux and Sallé (1890) record both fasciata and 
lherminiert from Guadeloupe. 

The species although having a wide distribution, is usually not 
taken in numbers. It is found from Canada to Georgia, and west- 
ward to Wisconsin, and seems to be confined to the northeastern part 
of the country. The species varies considerably in elytral markings 
and coloration, which has caused much confusion and synonymy. 
No specimens have been examined from the West Indies and the 
above description was made from specimens from the United States. 


BUPRESTIS MACULATIVENTRIS Say 


Buprestis maculativentris Say, Long’s Second Expedition, vol. 2, 1824, p. 

272-273.—NicoLay and WEtss, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soe., vol. 26; 1918, pp. 
90-91 : 

Buprestis maculiventris GEMMINGER and Harorp, Catal. Coleopt., vol. 5, 
1869, p. 1378. 

Anecylochira sexnotata CAasTrLNAU and Gory, Mon. Bupr., vol. 2, 1838, 
Buprestis, pp. 129-130, pl. 32, fig. 178. 

Ancylochira maura CASTELNAU and Gory, Mon. Bupr., vol. 2, 1838, Bupres- 
tis, p. 131, pl. 38, fig. 181 (Not mawra Olivier). 

Male—Elongate, slightly oval; head aeneous or cupreous, and 
more or less marked with yellow on the front; pronotum and elytra 
aeneous, obscure viridis or subcupreous, the former with the apical 
angles yellow, shining; beneath aeneous to cupreous, sometimes with 
a purplish tinge, and the last four ventral segments of the abdomen 


156 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 65 


having on each side a reddish-yellow spot, those on the last segment 
being the largest and most irregular. 

Head feebly convex with a distinct longitudinal carina, surface 
coarsely and rather densely punctate, and sparsely clothed with a few 
short inconspicuous hairs; epistoma broadly, but not very deeply 
arcuately emarginate in front. Pronotum nearly two times as wide 
as long, widest at base or basal fourth, narrower in front than 
behind; sides arcuately expanded at basal half, then obliquely atten- 
uate to the apical angles; posterior angles rather obtuse; anterior 
margin feebly arcuately emarginate, with a broadly rounded median 
lobe; disk with large sublateral smooth spaces, and a distant smooth 
median line, which is finely striate at base; surface coarsely, but not 
densely punctate, the punctures irregularly placed and more con- 
fluent toward the sides. Scutellum rounded, transversely oval or 
subquadrate. Elytra slightly wider than pronotum at base, expand- 
ed behind the humeri, nearly parallel to apical third, then arcuately 
attenuate to the tips, which are rounded or truncate, and finely irreg- 
ularly dentate, the outer angle obtuse, and never dentiform; surface 
feebly striato-punctate, the striae finely and rather closely punctured ; 
intervals coarsely, sparsely and irregularly punctate, those between 
striae 2-3, 4-5, and 8-9 elevated, and forming obtuse ridges. Abdo- 
men beneath coarsely and rather densely punctate, and sparsely 
clothed with short inconspicuous hairs, first segment broadly, longitu- 
dinally sulcate at middle; last segment sinuate, truncate or rounded 
at apex. Prosternum nearly flat, coarsely and irregularly punctate, 
and nearly glabrous; anterior margin feebly arcuately emarginate; 
prosternal process feebly convex, not sulcate at middle, gradually 
attenuate to the apex which is rather acutely rounded. Anterior 
femora strongly swollen at middle; anterior tibiae emarginate, flat- 
tened on inner side and armed with a large broad hook at the apex; 
anterior tarsi distinctly broader than the posterior ones. 

Female.—Similar to the male, but the anterior tarsi not distinctly 
broader than the posterior ones, and the anterior tibiae not armed 
with a hook at the apex. 

Lenth, 12-20 mm.; width, 4.5-7.5 mm. 

Originally described by Say (1824) from the United States. This 
species seems to be confined to the northeastern part of North 
America and its distribution extends from Newfoundland to Penn- 
sylvania and westward to Minnesota. The larvae live in various 
coniferous trees and the adults have been found emerging from 
pine timber, and have probably been introduced into Haiti in such 
produce. The following material of this species has been examined. 
Coll. British Mus.; two specimens labelled “ Haiti, compared with 
type, 6-notata Castelnau and Gory, Saunders, 74-18.” 





arr, 9 WEST INDIAN BUPRESTIDAE—FISHER 157 


Castelnau and Gory (1838) give a description and figure of a 
species from Santo Domingo, which they supposed was the species 
described by Olivier as Buprestis maura. A translation of their de- 
scription is as follows: 

Length 9 lines, width 314 lines. Coppery bronze and very finely 
granulose. Head with several yellow spots. Sides of pronotum of 
the same color and with two small smooth spaces and a small im- 
pressed fovea behind. Elytra feebly obliquely truncate at tips, the 
surface striate and the intervals finely punctured. Abdomen with 
a yellow spot on each side and a transverse band on the last segment. 
Santo Domingo. 

It is certainly not the same as the species described by Olivier, of 
which the following is a translation: 

Size of Buprestis austriaca. Antennae black and serrate. Above 
entirely violet-black. Thorax with an impressed longitudinal groove. 
Scutellum small and rounded. Elytra striate and bidentate at apex. 
Found in South America. 

The specimens from Haiti which were loaned by the British 
Museum are the same as the specimens of maculativentria Say from 
the United States, and also agree very well with the figure and de- 
scription given by Castelnau and Gory for maura, but since this is 
not the species described by Olivier under that name I have place 
maura Castelnau and Gory as a synonym of maculativentris Say. 
The true Buprestis maura described by Olivier is probably confined 
to South America. 


BUPRESTIS CUBENSIS, new species 


Male—F¥orm narrowly elongate; head piceous, with a strong 
purplish or bluish tinge, the entire front reddish-yellow, with twe 
irregular central spots, and a small spot at base of each antennae 
cupreous or purplish black; pronotum and scutellum piceous, with a 
strong greenish or purplish tinge, the former with the anterior 
margin narrowly pale yellow, and the sides more broadly margined 
with reddish-yellow; elytra fulvous, becoming more reddish-yellow 
laterally, and with the suture, lateral margins and bottoms of striae 
purplish-cupreous; beneath brownish-cupreous, with the sternum, 
median parts of abdomen, and under side of femora more or less 
marked with a reddish-yellow color. 

Head feebly convex, with a very narrow obsolete carina on occiput ; 
surface irregularly, coarsely, but not deeply punctate, the punctures 
irregular in size and somewhat confluent on the occiput; intervals 
smooth and nearly glabrous; eyes feebly converging above, feebly 
convex, oval, and about two times as long as wide; epistoma broadly 
but not deeply arcuately emarginate in front. Pronotum nearly two 
times as wide as long, widest at basal fourth, distinctly narrower in 
front than behind; sides regularly arcuately expanded on basal half, 


158 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM von. 65 


then obliquely attenuate to the apical angles; posterior angles nearly 
rectangular; anterior margin arcuately emarginate, with a broadly 
rounded median lobe; base rather strongly bisinuate; surface 
coarsely, deeply, and irregularly punctate, the punctures more widely 
and irregularly separated on the disk, but becoming more confluent 
toward the sides. Scutellum subquadrate, truncate in front, and 
rounded behind. Elytra slightly wider than pronotum at base, 
strongly expanded behind the humeri, feebly obliquely attenuate to 
apical third, then arcuately attenuate to the tips, which are trans- 
versely truncate, feebly sinuate and bidentate; surface striato-punc- 
tate, the striae not deeply impressed and the punctures fine and 
rather closely placed; intervals flat, not alternately elevated, and 
with a few shallow, coarse, and irregularly placed punctures. Ab- 
domen beneath coarsely, sparsely, and irregularly punctate, and 
sparsely clothed with short recumbent cinereous hairs; intervals 
finely and densely granulose; first segment broadly obsoletely sul- 
cate at middle; last segment broadly truncate and feebly sinuate at 
apex. Prosternum feebly convex, shining, and very sparsely, 
coarsely punctate; anterior margin straight and narrowly declivous; 
prosternal process feebly convex, not sulcate at middle, parallel to 
behind the anterior coxal cavities, then obliquely attenuate to the 
apex, which is rather acutely rounded. Anterior femora slightly 
more swollen at middle than the middle or posterior ones; anterior 
tibiae emarginate, flattened on the inner side, and armed with a large 
broad hook at apex; anterior tarsi distinctly broader than posterior 
ones. 

Female.—Unknown. 

Length, 14.5 mm.; width, 5.5 mm. 

Type locality—Vinales, Cuba. 

Type and paratype—Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. 

Paratype.—Cat. No. 26813, U.S.N.M. 

This species is described from three specimens received from the 
American Museum of Natural History, which were collected by C. W. 
Leng at the type locality between September 16 and 22, 1913, the 
vegetation consisting of scattered pines with a few oaks, etc. 


BUPRESTIS DECIPIENS, new species 


Female—Form broadly elongate-oval; above uniformly piceous, 
with a strong purplish or cupreous tinge, head with a few small 
yellow spots on the front near epistoma, and the sides of the pro- 
notum obsoletely reddish-brown; beneath brownish-cupreous, with 
the sternal regions reddish-brown. 

Head feebly convex, with a very narrow obsolete carina on the 
occiput; surface somewhat uneven, coarsely and rather deeply punc- 
tate, the punctures irregularly placed and confluent in some places; 





ART. 9 WEST INDIAN BUPRESTIDAE—FISHER 159 


intervals smooth and nearly glabrous; eyes feebly converging above, 
feebly convex, oblong, and about two times as long as wide; epistoma 
broadly but not deeply arcuately emarginate in front. Pronotum 
two times as wide as long, widest at basal fourth, distinctly narrower 
in front than behind; sides regularly arcuately expanded on basal 
half, then obliquely attenuate to apical angles; posterior angles 
nearly rectangular; anterior margin feebly arcuately emarginate, 
with a broadly rounded median lobe; base rather strongly bisinuate; 
disk with a broad obsolete longitudinal depression in front of scutel- 
lum, and a deep irregular one on each side near lateral margin; sur- 
face coarsely and deeply punctate, the punctures irregularly placed, 
more remotely separated on the disk and becoming more or less con- 
fluent in some areas. Scutellum subquadrate, truncate in front, and 
rounded behind. Elytra slightly wider than pronotum at base, 
rather strongly expanded behind the humeri, obliquely attenuate to 
apical third, then strongly arcuately attenuate to the tips, which are 
truncate, sinuate, and more or less bidentate; surface striato-punctate, 
the striae not deeply impressed, and the punctures fine and rather 
closely placed; intervals feebly convex, not alternately elevated, and 
with a few coarse irregularly placed punctures. Abdomen beneath 
coarsely, sparsely and and irregularly punctate, and sparsely clothed 
with short recumbent cinereous hairs; intervals finely and densely 
granulose; first segment broadly flattened at middle; last segment 
rounded and more or less sinuate at apex. Prosternum feebly con- 
vex, shining, coarsely and very sparsely punctate; anterior margin 
feebly arcuately emarginate and narrowly declivous; prosternal 
process strongly convex, not sulcate at middle, parallel to behind the 
anterior coxal cavities, then obliquely attenuate to the apex, which 
is acutely rounded. Anterior femora slightly more swollen at mid- 
dle than middle or posterior ones; anterior tibiae feebly flattened on 
inner side, but not armed with a broad hook at apex; anterior tarsi 
not distinctly broader than posterior ones. 

Male—Unknown. 

Length, 19 mm.; width, 7.5 mm. 

Type locality —Vinales, Cuba. 

Other localities—Nueva Gerona, Isle of Pines. 

Type.—Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. Paratype—Carnegie Museum. 

Paratype.—Cat. No. 26814, U.S.N.M. (fragments). 

This species is described from three specimens, one of which is 
in fragments. Two of these were received from the American 
Museum of Natural History and were collected at the type locality 
by C. W. Leng, between September 16 and 22, 1913, the vegetation 
consisting of scattered pines, with a few oaks, etc. ‘The other speci- 
men was received from the Carnegie Museum and was collected at 
Nueva Gerona, Isle of Pines, by G. Link, during March, 1913. 

45554—25—Proc.N.M.vol.65——21 


160 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL. 65 


Jt is just posible that this may be the female of cubensis Fisher. 
Both of these species were collected in the same locality by Mr. Leng, 
and they resemble each other in a number of respects, but the colora- 
tion is entirely different. On account of these differences and with- 
out additional notes on their habits, it seems advisable to describe 
them as two distinct species, but should they prove to be sexes of the 
same species, it would show an extreme case of dichromatism, which 
would be unusual in this genus. 


Genus MIXOCHLORUS Waterhouse 


Mizochlorus WATERHOUSE, Trans. Ent. Soc. London, 1887, p. 177.—KERRE- 
MANS, Wytsman’s Gen. Insectorum, fase. 12, pt. 2, 1903, pp. 60-61. 

Head feebly convex; epistoma wide, not narrowed by the antennal 
cavities and bisinuate in front; antennal cavities small, round, sit- 
uated under a distinct carina at some distance from the eyes. Anten- 
nae 11-jointed, rather short and slender; first joint elongate, cla- 
vate and abruptly arcuate near base; second oblong, about two-thirds 
as long as third; third elongate, cylindrical and not quite as robust 
as the second; the following joints gradually becoming shorter toward 
the terminal joint, triangular (except the last joint, which is trans- 
versely oval), strongly serrate on the inner side, the serrate joints 
having the poriferous pores in a cavity on the lower anterior margin 
of the joints. Eyes large, broadly oval, strongly convex, and paral- 
Jel on the inner margin. Pronotum a little wider than long, wider in 
front than behind, disk strongly convex, with three longitudinal im- 
pressions; base truncate or feebly bisinuate. Scutellum small, and 
touching the pronotum. Elytra elongate, truncate at base, and grad- 
ually acuminate posteriorly, punctato-striate, and longitudinally im- 
pressed at the suture. Sternal cavity formed by the mesosternum and 
metasternum, the lateral branches of the former elongate. Metaster- 
num feebly emarginate in front. Prosternum truncate in front, and 
not grooved at middle. Posterior coxae scarcely dilated internally, 
the anterior margin sinuate and the posterior margin nearly straight. 
Legs rather robust; femora feebly swollen at middle; tibiae slender, 
and cylindrical; tarsi short, the first joint of the posterior pair about 
as long as the following two joints united; tarsal claws angularly 
dilated at base. Body agriliform. 

This genus was erected by Waterhouse for a new species Mixo- 
chlorus suturalis from Honduras, and later he added lateralis from 
Mexico.** He states that it is clearly allied to Agaeocera and Pele- 
copselaphus. The genus was unknown to Kerremans and in” he has 
placed it in the tribe Chalcophorini. If we follow the Kerremans 


* Biol. Centr.-Amer. Coleopt., vol. 3, pt. 1, 1889, p. 168. 
%* Wytsman’s Gen. Insectorum, fase. 12, pt. 2, 1903, pp. 60-61. 


‘ ehcuiis 


ART. 9 WEST INDIAN BUPRESTIDAE—FISHER 161 


classification, this genus should not be included in the tribe Chal- 
cophorini as the antennal pores are placed on the lower anterior 
margin of the joints, but should be placed in the tribe Buprestini 
near the genus Peronaemis Waterhouse, to which it is closely allied. 


MIXOCHLORUS ELEGANS, new species 


Agriliform, broadly rounded in front and strongly acuminate 
behind, shining and nearly glabrous; head green, with a large tri- 
angular reddish-cupreous spot on the occiput, the spot divided longi- 
tudinally by a narrow green line; pronotum and elytra reddish- 
cupreous, the former with the lateral margins, sides of the anterior 
margin, and the median impressions aureo-viridis, the latter with 
the base, sutural and lateral margins aureo-viridis, the green area 
along the suture on each elytron rather wide from the base to basal 
third, then strongly constricted to behind the middle, where it is 
expanded into a wide triangular area, which extends internally to 
about the middle of the elytron; beneath viridis, with a feeble 
cupreous reflection; tibiae and tarsi aeneous. 

Head feebly, evenly convex, nearly flat between the eyes, with a 
short longitudinal carina on occiput, and without any distinct im- 
pressions; surface glabrous, densely, and deeply punctate, the pune- 
tures large and becoming confluent on the front; intervals smooth 
on the front, becoming obsoletely granulose on the occiput; epistoma 
wide between the antennal cavities (about three times as wide as 
the cavities), rather deeply arcuately emarginate in front, and with 
an obtuse tooth on each side of the emargination. Pronotum 
strongly convex, slightly wider than long, slightly wider in front 
than behind, and widest near apical angles; sides feebly obliquely 
attenuate from near apical angles to the posterior angles, which are 
rather acute; anterior margin with a broadly rounded median lobe: 
base feebly bisinuate; surface with three longitudinal impressions, 
the median one broad and extending from the base to the front 
margin, more deeply impressed on the basal half, and a lateral one 
on each side about midway between the lateral margin and median 
depression, these impressions not as deeply impressed as the median 
one at base, and not reaching to the front margin; the surface is also 
regularly, densely, and coarsely punctate, the punctures deep, with 
well-defined sides, and distinctly separated, the intervals finely and 
densely granulose. Scutellum square and finely granulose. Elytra 
as wide as pronotum at base, widest just a little behind the humeral 
angles (when viewed laterally is strongly, arcuately expanded and 
declivous near humeral angles), nearly parallel and feebly sinuate to 
behind the middle, then arcuately attenuate to the tips, which are 
acute, with the lateral margins finely dentate near the apex; humeri 


162 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 65 


rather prominent; surface broadly, transversely impressed along 
base, and with an obsolete longitudinal impression along suture be- 
hind the triangular green area, irregularly punctato-striate, the 
punctures deep and coarse, and the striae somewhat confused; inter- 
vals densely punctate and finely rugose, the punctures irregularly 
placed, equal in size to those in the striae and somewhat confused, 
except on the disk. Abdomen beneath rather strongly convex, 
rather densely punctate, the punctures shallow, well separated, and 
becoming finer toward the apical segment, and from each puncture 
arises a short recumbent cinereous hair; intervals finely and densely 
granulose; last segment strongly attenuate, truncate at apex, with 
the preapical margin broadly, arcuately emarginate. Prosternum 
very coarsely punctate; anterior margin truncate and declivous; 
prosternal process nearly flat, with the apex rather broadly rounded. 

Length, 8 mm.; width, 2.25 mm. 

Type locality—Sanchez, Dominican Republic. 

Type.—American Museum of Natural History. 

This beautiful insect is described from a single specimen loaned 
to me by the American Museum of Natural History, and collected 
by F. E. Watson along a creek at the foot of a mountain about three- 
fourths of a mile north of Sanchez, Dominican Republic, between 
May 28 and 31, 1915. 

At first sight this insect might be mistaken for a species of Agrilus 
or Engyaulus, but can be distinguished from these genera by the 
characters given in the key. It is very closely allied to Miwochlorus 
suturalis, described from Honduras by Waterhouse, but can be sepa- 
rated from that species by having the pronotum wider in front than 
behind, and the green sutural vitta irregular, expanded behind scu- 
tellum and middle of elytron, and not straight as in suturalis. 


Genus PERONAEMIS Waterhouse 


Peronaemis WATERHOUSE, Trans. Ent. Soe. London, 1887, p. 178.—KERRE- 
MANS, Wytsman’s Gen. Insectorum, fase. 12, pt. 3, 1903, pp. 145-146. 

Head feebly convex; epistoma wide, not narrowed by the antennal 
cavities and nearly truncate in front; antennal cavities rather large, 
triangular, rounded behind and prolonged into a groove in front, 
situated under an obsolete carina at some distance from the eyes. 
Antennae 11-jointed, rather short and slender; first joint elongate, 
clavate and abruptly arcuate near base; second oblong, about two- 
thirds as long as the third; third elongate, cylindrical, feebly clavate 
at apex, and not quite as robust as the second, the following joints 
gradually becoming shorter toward the apical joint, triangular (ex- 
cept the last joint, which is nearly round), strongly serrate on the 
inner side, the serrate joints having the poriferous pores in a cavity 
on the lower anterior margin of the joints. Eyes large, oviform, 


ArT. 9 WEST. INDIAN BUPRESTIDAE—FISHER 163 


strongly convex, and nearly parallel on the inner margin. Prono- 
tum a little wider than long, narrower in front than behind, strongly 
convex anteriorly, with three deep ovate impressions at the base; 
lateral margins not visible anteriorly from above. Scutellum trans- 
verse and trapezoidal. Elytra elongate, sinuate at base and strongly 
acuminate toward the apex. Sternal cavity formed by the meso- 
sternum and metasternum, the lateral branches of the former elon- 
gate. Metasternum truncate in front. Prosternum truncate in front 
and not grooved at middle. First and second segments of abdomen 
distinctly separated by a suture. Posterior coxae feebly dilated in- 
ternally, the anterior and posterior margins arcuately emarginate. 
Legs rather robust; femora feebly swollen at middle; tibiae slender, 
cylindrical and straight; tarsi short, the first joint of posterior pair 
scarcely as long as the second and third united; tarsal claws broadly 
angularly dilated at base. Body agriliform. 

This is a monobasic genus and was erected for thoracicus Water- 
house. 

It is closely allied to Mixochlorus but differs from it in having the 
pronotum narrower in front than behind, more strongly convex 
anteriorly, and the three basal impressions deeper and only reaching 
to the middle; scutellum transverse and the elytral intervals more 
costiform. 

PERONAEMIS THORACICUS Waterhouse 


Peronaemis thoracicus WATERHOUSE, Trans. Ent. Soc. London, 1887, pp. 
178-179, figure. 

Broadly agriliform, broadly rounded in front and strongly acumi- 
nate behind, narrower behind than in front, shining and glabrous: 
head green, the entire median part reddish-cupreous; pronotum 
reddish-cupreous, with the base brownish-aeneous and the lateral 
impressions partially greenish; scutellum green; elytra aeneous and 
ornated with irregular brownish areas; elytral epipleura bluish- 
green; beneath bluish-green, with aeneous and purplish reflections, 
and the sides of prosternum reddish-cupreous. 

Head feebly and evenly convex, nearly flat between the eyes and 
with a short, obsolete, longitudinal carina on the occiput, and with- 
out any distinct impressions; surface densely and deeply punctate, 
the punctures coarse, irregularly placed, and becoming somewhat con- 
fluent at the sides; intervals finely and densely granulose; epistoma 
wide between the antennal cavities (about four times as wide as the 
cavities), feebly, broadly arcuately emarginate in front with the sides 
strongly angulated. Pronotum strongly convex anteriorly, one and 
one-third times as wide as long, slightly wider at base than at apex, 
and widest at base; sides broadly, arcuately rounded from apical 
angles to basal fourth, then obliquely expanded to the posterior 


164 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 65 


angles, which are slightly diverging and acute; anterior margin with 
a broadly rounded median lobe; base nearly truncate to middle of 
elytron, with a broadly rounded median lobe; when viewed laterally 
the lateral margin runs obliquely downward and disappears ante- 
riorly; surface with three large basal impressions extending to the 
middle, the median one is rather broader than the others, densely and 
coarsely punctate, the punctures deep, rather irregularly placed and 
becoming more widely separated in the impressions; intervals nearly 
smooth except in the impressions where they are densely, finely gran- 
ulose. Scutellum about two times as wide as long; sides obliquely 
narrowed anteriorly; posterior margin broadly rounded; surface 
finely and densely granulose. Elytra slightly wider than pronotum 
at base; sides strongly angulated a little behind the humeral angles, 
nearly parallel to apical third, where they are broadly rounded, then 
strongly acuminate to the tips, which are acute, with a tooth at the 
apex of each elytron, and the lateral margins finely and irregularly 
denticulate; humeral angles nearly rectangular, surface broadly im- 
pressed at base, there is a quadrangular spot occupying the scutellar 
region, and a second square spot along lateral margin at middle of 
the elytron, but not extending to the suture, of a brownish color, more 
shining, and slightly more elevated than the rest of the elytra, the 
humeral callosity and the margin near the base are also of the same 
brownish color, the surface is also punctate-striate, the punctures 
coarse at the base but becoming finer toward the apex; intervals 
slightly costiform, with a few coarse, irregularly placed punctures, 
and becoming densely granulose and somewhat rugose posteriorly. 
Abdomen beneath strongly convex, rather densely punctate, the 
punctures large, well separated, and becoming finer toward the apex, 
and from each puncture arises a rather long, recumbent hair; inter- 
vals finely and densely granulose; last segment strongly attenuate, 
and rather deeply arcuately emarginate at apex. Prosternum very 
coarsely punctate, the punctures deep and well separated; anterior 
margin truncate and declivous; prosternal process nearly flat, sides 
parallel to behind coxae, then obliquely attenuate to the apex, which 
is broadly rounded. Posterior coxae with the surface strongly con- 
cave, sparsely punctate, the punctures very coarse internally but. 
becoming finer in the concavities. 

Length, 10.5 mm.; width, 3.5 mm. 

This species was described from Jamaica by Waterhouse. 

Through the kindness of the British Museum I have been able to 
examine a single specimen from their collection labeled “Jamaica” 
and from which the above description was made. Superficially this 
species resembles specimens of the genus Agrilus, but the lateral 
branches of the mesosternum are distinct and the species is remark- 
able in having three deep basal depressions on the pronotum. 


ee 


art. 9 WEST INDIAN BUPRESTIDAE—FISHER 165 


Genus AGLAOSTOLA Thomson 


Aglaostola SAUNDERS, Catal. Bupr., 1871, p. 47—Larertés MSS.—THomson, 
Typ. Bupr., 1878, p. 42.—KerremMans, Wytsman’s Gen. Insectorum, 
fase. 12, pt. 3, 1903, pp. 155-156. 

Head flat, front rugose; epistoma narrowly and deeply emargi- 
nate in front, the emargination forming a semicircle, and the sides 
produced into an acute lobe, not narrowed by the antennal cavities, 
which are large, somewhat triangular, and situated under a distinct 
carina at some distance from the inner margin of the eyes. An- 
tennae 11-jointed, rather long and slender; first joint clavate, 
elongate and abruptly arcuate near base; second obconic, about one- 
half as long as the third; third elongate, slightly flattened, and 
about three-fourths as long as the first; fourth and fifth elongate, 
about equal in length to the third and feebly enlarged at apex; the 
following joints gradually becoming shorter toward the terminal 
joint, triangular, strongly enlarged at apex (except the last joint, 
which is oval), and strongly dentate on the inner side; joints four 
to eleven armed with a large subterminal poriferous fovea. Eyes 
elliptical, oblique, and nearer to each other on the vertex than at 
the front. Pronotum wider than long, trapeziform, disk moder- 
ately convex; sides obliquely narrowed anteriorly; anterior margin 
sinuate, with a median lobe; base nearly truncate. Scutellum sub- 
pentagonal, a little wider than long, and attenuate posteriorly. 
Elytra elongate, truncate at base, without distinct basal depressions 
and entirely covering the pygidium; sides nearly parallel in front, 
then strongly acuminate to the tips, which are strongly bidentate, 
the lateral margins unarmed. Sternal cavity formed by the meso- 
sternum and metasternum, the lateral branches of the former elon- 
gate and curved. Metasternum lobed in front. Prosternum with the 
anterior margin truncate at middle, and strongly lobed on each side; 
prosternal process wide, arcuately emarginate between the anterior 
coxae, and acuminate at apex. Posterior coxae distinctly dilated in- 
ternally; anterior margin straight; posterior margin oblique. Legs 
rather robust; anterior and middle femora strongly swollen at mid- 
dle; tibiae slender and cylindrical; tarsi rather long; first joint of 
posterior pair about as long as the following two joints united; sides 
of third joint prolonged beyond the fourth; tarsal claws with a 
feeble tooth at base. 

This is a monobasic genus, and the name was first used by Saun- 
ders (1871) for tereticollis Pallas without giving any description. 
Thomson (1878) described the genus and uses the same name. 


166 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 65 
AGLAOSTOLA TERETICOLLIS (Pallas) 


Buprestis tereticollis Patas, Icon. Ins., 1782, pp. 75-76, pl. D, fig. 18. 
Buprestis corusca Fasrictus, Mant. Ins., vol. 1, 1787, p. 176. 

Female.—Elongate, navicular, attenuate in front, more acuminate 
posteriorly, and narrower behind than in front, glabrous, shining, 
golden-green above, with a bluish reflection in certain lights, and 
each elytron ornated with an irregular cupreous spot along lateral 
margin near apex; beneath golden-green, with a bluish reflection, 
and the abdomen cupreous, especially toward the sides. 

Head feebly convex, front flat, triangular, about three-fifths as 
wide at vertex as at base, with a narrow longitudinal groove on the 
occiput, and a broad transverse impression behind the epistoma; sur- 
face glabrous, with numerous large, deep, irregularly placed punc- 
tures, and the intervals more finely, obsoletely and irregularly punc- 
tate. Pronotum regularly convex, with a round deep fovea in front 
of scutellum, a triangular one on each side along base at middle of 
elytron, and a narrow transverse groove on each side along the an- 
terior margin, the groove not extending to the middle, one and one- 
half times as wide as long, distinctly narrower in front than behind, 
widest at base; sides obliquely attenuate from base to anterior mar- 
gin; anterior margin with the median lobe rather obsolete, but 
broadly rounded; posterior angles nearly rectangular; surface with 
numerous large, deep, irregularly placed punctures, the intervals 
finely, obsoletely, and rather densely punctate. Scutellum smooth. 
Elytra wider than pronotum at base, widest just behind humeral 
angles, which are broadly rounded; sides broadly rounded _be- 
hind humeral angles and nearly parallel to just behind the 
middle, then arcuately attenuate to the tips, which are feebly ex- 
panded, strongly emarginate and produced into two strong teeth, 
one at the suture and the other at the lateral margin, the teeth 
about equal in length; surface nearly smooth, with a few obsolete 
costae at apex, sparsely punctate, the punctures rather large, irregu- 
larly placed and tending to form longitudinal rows in some places, 
the intervals very finely irregularly punctate, and obsoletely rugose. 
Abdomen beneath strongly convex, sparsely punctate, the punctures 
rather large, irregularly placed, and from each arises an obsolete, 
erect hair; intervals finely and densely granulose; first segment 
broadly but not deeply grooved for its entire length; last segment 
deeply arcuately emarginate at apex. Prosternum convex without a 
median groove; apex rather acute; surface with numerous large and 
very fine punctures intermixed. 

Length, 19-22 mm.; width, 6.5-7 mm. 

Male.—Similar to the female but differ from it in being smaller 
and having the last abdominal segment nearly truncate at apex, with 
the preapical margin feebly, arcuately emarginate. 


sRrT, 9 WEST INDIAN BUPRESTIDAE—FISHER 167 


Length, 138 mm.; width, 4.25 mm. 

Pallas (1782) in his original description gives Brazil as the type 
locality for this species which is probably an error. Fabricius (1787) 
described the same species from Jamaica under the name corusca. 
This species, as far as known, is confined to Jamaica, and specimens 
have been examined from the following collections: Coll. W. J. Hol- 
land: Three specimens, from Jamaica (F. Klages). Coll. British 
Mus.: One specimen, labeled “ Parry, compared with type corusca 
Fabr. Coll. Banks, Saunders 74-18”; another labeled “ Jamaica 
(Tarnier),” determined by Kerremans as tereticollis Pallas; and a 
third specimen simply labeled “Jamaica.” Coll. U. S. Nat. Mus.: 
One specimen, Jamaica (F. Klages) (donated by Dr. W. J. Holland). 


Genus ANTHAXIA Eschscholtz 


Anthazria Escuscuoirz, Zool. Atlas, vol. 1, 1829, p. 9 (reprint, p. 8).— 
Soiter, Ann. Soc. Ent. France, ser. 1, vol. 2, 1833, pp. 297-298, pl. 12, 
fig. 22.—-CASTELNAU and Gory, Mon. Bupr., vol. 2, 1839, pp. 1-2, pl. 1.— 
LAcorDAIRE, Gen, Col., vol. 4, 1857, pp. 49-50.—KrErreMANS. Wytsman’s 

Gen. Insectorum, fase. 12, pt. 8, 1903, pp. 170-177. 
Cratomerus Souter, Ann. Soe. Ent. France, ser. 1, vol. 2, 1833, pp. 295-296, 
pl. 12, fig. 21.—CasreLnau and Gory, Mon. Bupr., vol. 2, 1839, p. 1, pl. 1. 
Head vertical, front flat or concave, sometimes impressed along 
epistoma and not narrowed by the insertion of the antennae; ep- 
istoma short, wide, and sinuate or emarginate in front; antennal 
cavities small, reund, net concealed by a carina, and situated nearer 
the epistoma than the eyes. Maxillary palpi three jointed; first 
joint elongate and enlarged at apex; second short, obconical; the 
third cylindrical or suboyal. Antennae 11-jointed, short and slender, 
except the males of some Cratomerus, which have it rather robust; 
first joint elongate and clavate; second and third short, obconical, 
the third usually longer than second; the following joints triangular, 
dentate on the inner side, and with terminal poriferous pores. Eyes 
large, oval, subparallel or feebly converging on the vertex, and sinu- 
ate on inner margin. Pronotum transverse, quadrangular, rarely as 
Jong as wide; sides arcuately rounded; anterior margin bisinuate or 
emarginate, with a more or less distinct median lobe; base trun- 
cate or obsoletely rounded. Scutellum small, triangular, or ogival. 
Elytra truncate at base, apex rounded, and the lateral margin dentate 
or unarmed. Mesosternum divided. Metasternum truncate in front 
and with a groove at the middle, the epimera visible at the side. 
Posterior coxae moderately dilated internally, the anterior side sinu- 
ate or horizontal, the posterior side oblique and a little arcuate. Legs 
more or less robust, often slender; femora fusiform, rather thick, 
the posterior pair sometimes swollen and arcuate; tibiae slender and 
cylindrical; tarsi with first joint elongate, second shorter, third and 


45554—25—Proe.N.M.vol.65 





29 


168 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM ‘vou. 65 


fourth enlarged and cordiform. Body oval, rarely elongate, and 
feebly convex above. 

The genus Cratomerus was erected by Solier for the species having 
the antennae robust and the intermediate joints enlarged, and the 
posterior femora swollen and arcuate in the males, but these char- 
acters are not only variable in the species, but also vary among in- 
dividuals of the same species. 

This genus has a very wide distribution, the species being found 
in all parts of the world, with the exception of Australia. The 
species are quite variable in color, difficult to separate and have caused 
considerable synonymy. Previously only one species has been re- 
corded from the West Indies. 


ANTHAXIA BIFOVEATA, new species 


Form oblong, strongly depressed, broadly rounded in front and 
more attenuate behind; head violaceous; pronotum and scutellum 
piceous, with a strong bluish tinge; elytra bluish-green; beneath 
cyaneous, with the prosternum and middle of abdomen more 
greenish. 

Head feebly convex, with the front rectangular and the sides 
feebly sinuate and parallel; front broadly and rather deeply de- 
pressed; surface glabrous, coarsely and rather densely punctate, the 
punctures very shallow, irregularly placed, and coarsely and densely 
granulose; eyes large, moderately convex, and parallel; epistoma 
narrow, feebly triangularly, but not deeply emarginate in front; 
antennae short, the serrate joints wider than long. Pronotum 
strongly transverse, one and three-fifths times as wide as long, wid- 
est at middle, slightly narrower in front than behind; sides regu- 
larly and rather broadly rounded to near posterior angles, where 
they are slightly sinuate; posterior angles acutely angulated; ante- 
rior margin deeply arcuately emarginate, with an obsoletely rounded 
median lobe; base obsoletely rounded; disk moderately convex, with 
a large, very deep impression on each side at the posterior angles, 
each impression covering about one-third of the basal region, extend- 
ing to the base and lateral margins, and connected to each other at 
the basal third by a transverse shallow, broadly concave impression ; 
surface coarsely, densely granulose, and obsoletely reticulate, the 
reticulation irregular and somewhat oval on the median parts, but 
becoming longtitudinally strigose at the sides. Scutellum ogival, 
surface densely, coarsely granulose. Elytra as wide as pronotum 
at middle; sides obtusely angulated at humeral angles, nearly parallel 
to apical fourth, then strongly arcuately attenuate to the tips, which 
are separately narrowly rounded; lateral margins obsoletely serrate 
posteriorly; humeri prominent; base truncate; disk with a rather 
broad basal impression, deeper at the humeri and becoming more 


art. 9 WEST INDIAN BUPRESTIDAE—FISHER 169 


obsolete toward the scutellum, there is also a narrow impression 
along the lateral margin extending from the humeral angles to apex, 
and a similar one along the suture near apex, causing the suture to 
be slightly elevated posteriorly; surface densely and coarsely granu- 
lose, becoming somewhat rugose in basal region, and with irregular 
rows of coarse, irregularly placed punctures, which are somewhat 
obsolete posteriorly, but becoming coarser and very deep at apex. 
Abdomen beneath coarsely and rather densely reticulate, and 
glabrous; last segment acutely rounded at apex, strongly declivous, 
and the surface broadly and deeply concave. Prosternum strongly 
convex, broadly arcuately emarginate in front, with the surface 
strongly reticulate and densely granulose; prosternal process flat. 
sides parallel and only feebly expanded behind the anterior coxal 
cavities; apex truncate, with an obtuse tooth at the middle. Tarsal 
claws simple. 

Length, 5.25 mm.; width, 2 mm. 

Type locality.—Cuba. 

Type.—Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. 

This species is described from a single specimen, collected by Jos. 
H. Pazos in Cuba, without giving any definite locality, and which 
was loaned for study by the American Museum of Natural History. 
This specimen has the right elytron discolored. 

At first this was identified as subsinuata Gory, but after carefully 
reading the redescription from the type given by Chevrolat it was 
found to differ from it in a number of details. It does not exactly 
agree with the description given by Gory, which is very short and 
incomplete, and his figure shows a more elongate species, more at- 
tenuate posteriorly, and the pronotum much narrower in front than 
behind. Chevrolat gives the color as plumbeus-black, and places it 
near A. viridicornis Say and cyanella Castelnau and Gory from the 
United States, but bzfoveata is very distinct from any North Ameri- 
can species by having the pronotum broadly and very deeply im- 
pressed at the posterior angles. 


ANTHAXIA SUESINUATA Gory 


Anthaxia subsinuata, DEJEAN, Cat. Coloept., 3 ed., 1836, p. 91 (no de- 
scription).—Gory, Mon. Bupr. Suppl., vol. 4, 1841, pp. 289-290, pl. 48, 
fig. 288.—JACQUELIN DuvAL, in Ramon de la Sagra’s Hist. Phys. Polit. 
et Nat. de Vile de Cuba, Anim. Artic., 1857 (French Edition), p. 65; 
(Spanish Edition) vol. 7, 1857, p. 29.—CHEvrontAT, Ann. Soc. Ent. 
France, ser. 4, vol. 7, 1867, p. 581 (separates p. 157).—Guwnpb.Lacu, Con- 
tribucion 4 la Entom. Cuba, vol. 3, pt. 5, pp. 164-165. 


The following is a translation of Gory’s original description: 


Greenish-black; thorax bi-impressed and punctate; elytra granu- 
lose. Length, 21% lines; width, 34 line. Habitat, Cuba. 


170 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 65 


Greenish-black. Mandibles of a beautiful golden-green. Head 
punctate, with purplish reflection. Thorax with the anterior angles 
declivous, the posterior ones straight, and the surface covered with 
round, rather closely placed punctures, and near the posterior angles 
with a rather large impression, which is smooth at the bottom. 
Scutellum cupreous, triangular, and very finely granulose. Elytra 
granulose, impressed at the base, and rounded at the apex, and with 
the lateral margins and suture elevated behind the middle. Beneath 
the body and legs are punctate, and of a very dark wine color. 


No specimens of this species have been examined. Jacquelin Duval 
(1859) and Gundlach (1891) report it from Cuba, but both authors 
state that they have not seen any specimens of it. From the records 
it seems that the only known specimen of this species is the type in 
the collection of Count Mniszech. Chevrolat (1867) has examined 
the type, from which he gives a redescription, and the following is a 
translation of it: 


Blackish-plumbeus, opaque, beneath shining; head flat, the front 
with a rather deep and short fovea; eyes green. Thorax transverse; 
front bisinuate, with a rounded median lobe; base nearly straight; 
sides toward middle transversely impressed; elytra granulose, each 
elytron with four foveae in front and middle, apex obtusely rounded. 

Length, 5.5 mm.; width,.2 mm. Habitat, Cuba. 


Genus MELANOPHILA Eschscholtz 


Melanophila Escuscuortrz, Zool, Atlas, vol. 1, 1829, p. 8 (reprint, p..8).— 
LaAcorpD IRE, Gen. Col., vol. 4, 1857, pp. 47-49.—Horn, Trans. Amer. Ent. 
Soe., vol. 10, 1882, pp. 101-106, pl. 4.—Krrremans, Wytsman’s Gen. 
Insectorum, fase. 12, pt. 3, 1903, pp. 163-166. 

Apatura CASTELNAU and Gory, Mon. Bupr., vol. 2, 1838, pp. 1-10, pls. 1-2, 
Addenda p. 2. 

Diana CAasTeELNAU and Gory, Mon. Bupr., vol. 2, 1838, Buprestis, pp. 155- 


157, pl. 38-389. 
Trachypteris Kirsy, Richardson’s Fauna Bor. Amer., vol. 4, 1837, pp. 
158-160. 


Oxypterus Kirsy, Richardson’s Fauna Bor. Amer., vol. 4, 1837, pp. 160-161. 


Head nearly flat and not narrowed by the insertion of the anten- 
nae; epistoma very short and narrow, broadly arcuately emarginate 
in front; antennal cavities small, round, not concealed under a carina, 
narrowly closed in front and situated a short distance from the inner 
margin of the eyes. Antennae moderately long, subfiliform; first 
joint clavate and somewhat elongate; second short, obconic; third 
slightly longer than the second, and shorter than first, feebly tri- 
angular; the following joints triangular, dentate on the inner side, 
and armed with a terminal poriferous fovea. Eyes elliptical, elon- 
gate, feebly oblique, and only a little closer to each other on the ver- 
tex than at the front. Pronotum wider than long; disk feebly con- 
vex, sometimes grooved at the middle or impressed on the sides; sides 
angulate or arcuately rounded, with a smooth marginal carina; base 





arr. 9 WEST INDIAN BUPRESTIDAE—FISHER 7 


distinctly bisinuate. Scutellum small, rounded or transverse. Elytra 
moderately elongate, subdepressed strongly acuminate posteriorly 
and entirely covering the pygidium; lateral margins dentate; apex 
rounded or armed with strong teeth. Sternal cavity formed by the 
mesosternum and metasternum, the lateral branches of the former 
rather elongate. Mestasternum truncate or feebly lobed in front. 
Prosternum with the anterior margin truncate, and not lobed; pro- 
sternal process narrow, expanded behind the coxal cavities, and ac- 
uminate at apex. Posterior coxae feebly dilated internally; anterior 
margin strongly bisinuate; posterior margin nearly straight. Legs 
feebly robust; anterior femora more robust than posterior ones; 
tibiae normal, slender and cylindrical; tarsi elongate, and slender. 
Body oblong and rather strongly depressed. 

This genus contains a large number of species and has a wide 
distribution, but the species are more numerous in North and South 
America, and Europe. 

The species are variable in form and color and their number 
have been greatly exaggerated by the great variation in the color 
end elytral markings, and also on account of a few species having 
a distribution which covers the entire circumpolar region, these 
conditions have caused much confusion and synonymy. So far, 
enly two species have been reported from the West Indies, both of 
which are found in the United States, and may have been introduced 
into the islands in lumber. 


KEY TO THE SPECIES 


1. Front of head sparsely, irregularly punctate, and strongly shining; elytra 
usually with yellow markings, sometimes entirely black. 

- notata (Castelnau and Gory). 

Front of head densely, coarsely punctate, and opaque; elytra always uni- 

iC YEV AB Ysa SRC Ka at Se ae a acuminata (De Geer). 


MELANOPHILA NOTATA (Castelnau and Gory) 


Apatura notata CASTELNAU and Gory, Mon. Bupr., vol. 2, 1838, p. 4, pl. 1, 
fig. 5; addenda p. 2. 

Melanophila notata Cuevrotat, Ann. Soc. Ent. France, ser. 4, vol. 7, 1867, 
p. 580 (separates p. 156).—Gunp.Lacn, Contribucion 4 la Entom. Cuba, 
vol. 3, pt. 5, 1891, pp. 163-164, no. 1705. 

Melanophila luteosignata MANNERHEIM, Bull. Soc. Imp. Nat. Moscou, vol. 
10, No. 8, 1837, p. 70. 

Phaenops luteosignata ZirncLer, Proc. Acad Nat. Sci. Phila., vol. 2, 1845, p. 
267.—DEJEAN, Cat. Coleopt., 3 ed., 1836, p. 89. 

Melanophila opaca LeContr, Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., n. ser., vol. 11, 
1857, p. 213. 


Form broadly elongate and strongly depressed, broadly rounded 
in front and strongly acuminate behind; head and pronotum black. 


173 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 63 


the former strongly shining; elytra black, with variable orange- 
yellow markings, which are sometimes entirely wanting; beneath 
black, with a strong purplish reflection and very sparsely pubescent. 
Head feebly convex, with the sides feebly obliquely narrowed to 
the vertex; front and vertex without distinct depressions or carinae; 
surface coarsely and rather sparsely punctate, the punctures oblong 
and irregularly placed; intervals smooth and shining; epistoma 
broadly arcuately emarginate in front, forming an obtuse tooth on 
each side of the emargination. Pronotum transverse, one and one- 
half times as wide as long, widest just in front of middle, narrower 
behind than in front; sides arcuately rounded in front, more obli- 
quely attenuate posteriorly to the posterior angles, which are rect- 
angular, the marginal line distinct posteriorly; anterior margin 
deeply arcuately emarginate, with a broadly rounded median lobe; 
base bisinuate, with a large broadly rounded median lobe, which is 
feebly elevated near the scutellum; disk with an obsolete longitu- 
dinal median line terminating in a round deep fovea in ‘front of 
scutellum, strongly depressed at base near posterior angles, and 
sometimes with a broad obsolete depression on each side of the median 
line; surface coarsely and obsoletely punctate at middle, the sides 
of punctures forming crenulate lines, which are somewhat concen- 
trical, toward the sides the punctures are larger, deeper and more 
confluent, the sides forming a network of irregular polygonal areas, 
with the bottoms densely granulose. Scutellum small, cordate, with 
the surface depressed and granulose. Elytra wider than pronotum 
at base; sides obtusely angulate at base, broadly rounded at humeri, 
feebly sinuate and nearly parallel to apical third, then strongly 
arcuately attenuate to the tips, which are acute; lateral margins 
finely serrate posteriorly; humeri not prominent; surface strongly 
broadly depressed at base near humeral angles, and densely, coarsely 
scabrous. Abdomen beneath with posterior margin of segments 
smooth, and the surface coarsely and rather deeply punctate, the 
punctures deeper, open posteriorly, and somewhat confluent on the 
basal segments, becoming more obsolete and forming crenulate lines 
toward the apex; last segment feebly arcuately emarginate at apex, 
the angles not prominent, and with a distinct serrate subapical ridge. 
Metasternum densely and coarsely punctate, with the sides well de- 
fined. Prosternum strongly convex, anterior margin truncate, 
declivous and without a median lobe, the surface rather finely and 
densely punctate; prosternal process feebly convex, sides narrowly 
margined, surface densely and coarsely punctate, abruptly expanded 
behind the coxal cavities, and with an acute tooth at the apex. First 
joint of posterior tarsi as long as the following two joints united. 
Length, 7-15 mm.; width, 2.5-5.5 mm. 


ART. 9 WEST INDIAN BUPRESTIDAE—FISHER 173 


This species varies considerably in size and in the arrangement of 
the colored markings on the elytra. There will be no difficulty in 
separating the maculate forms from acwminata De Geer, and the 
specimens which have the elytra entirely black can be separated 
from it by the head being more sparsely, irregularly punctate, and 
very strongly shining. There does not seem to be any good external 
characters for separating the sexes, erther in this species or in 
acuminata. 

It was described by Castelnau and Gory from North America 
without giving any definite locality. LeConte (1859) described the 
black form from Georgia, under the name of opaca. It is widely dis- 
tributed and its range extends from the Middle States into Mexico. 
Chevrolat (1867) records it from the Isla de Pinos in the collections 
of Gundlach and Poey. Gundlach (189+) reports it from the same 
locality. Specimens have been seen from the following West Indian 
localities: Coll. U. S. Nat. Mus.; Bahamas, collected on vessel by 
(H. F. Wickham). Coll. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist.: “ Bahamas” 
without definite locality; black form, Nassau, Bahamas, May-June, 
1904 (W. M. Wheeler). No specimens were found in the Poey col- 
lection in Philadelphia, but there is a single example labeled No. 
1705 in the Gundlach Museum in Habana which has not been 
examined by the writer. 


MELANOPHILA ACUMINATA (De Geer) 


Buprestis acuminata Dr GEER, Mem. Hist. Ins., vol. 4, 1774, pp. 183-134. 

Buprestis acuta GMELIN, Linn. Syst. Nat., 13 ed., vol. 1, pt. 4, 1788, p. 1939. 

Buprestis morio Fasricrus, Ent. Syst., vol. 1, pt. 2, 1792, pp. 210—-211.— 
PAYKULL, Faun. Suec. Ins., vol. 2, 1799, p. 280. 

Buprestis appendiculata Fasricrus, Ent. Syst., vol. 1, pt. 2, 1792, p. 210.— 
EscuscHo.tTz, Zool. Atlas, vol. 1, 1829, p. 9. 

Phaenops appendiculata DrsEAN, Cat. Coleop., 3 ed., 1836, p. 89. 

Apatura appendiculata CASTELNAU and Gory, vol. 2, 1838, pp. 8-9, pl. 2, 
fig. 14; addenda, pp. 2 and 38. 

Anthaxia pecchiolii CASTELNAU and Gory, Mon. Bupr., vol. 2, 1839, pp. 
33-34, pl. 8, fig. 46. 

Buprestis atropurpureus Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., vol. 3, 1823, 
p. 160. 

Oxypteris appendiculata Kirpy, Richardson’s Fauna Bor. Amer., vol. 4, 1837, 
pp. 160-161. 

Melanophila immaculata MANNERHEIM, Bull. Soc. Imp. Nat. Moscou, vol. 
10, no. 8, 1837, p. 70. 

Buprestis longipes Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., vol. 3, 1823, p. 164. 

Melanophila longipes MANNERHEIM, Bull. Soc. Imp. Nat. Moscou, vol. 10, 
no. 8, p. 7.—CHEvRoLAT, Ann. Soc. Ent. France, ser. 4, vol. 7, 1867, 
p. 581 (separates p. 157).—GunpLacH, Contribucion 4 la Entom. Cuba, 
vol. 3, pt. 5, 1891, p. 164, no. 1853. 


Form broadly elongate and strongly depressed, broadly rounded in 
front and strongly acuminate behind, uniformly black above and 


174 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 65 


beneath, feebly shining, and rarely with a metallic reflection; beneath 
sparsely pubescent. 

Head flat or feebly convex, with the sides obliquely narrowed to 
the vertex; front and vertex without impressions or carinae; surface 
densely and coarsely punctate, the punctures shallow, oblong, con- 
fluent, irregular in shape, and with the bottoms coarsely, densely 
granulose; eyes moderately large, feebly convex, and slightly closer 
together on the vertex than at bottom; epistoma broadly arcuately 
emarginate in front, forming an obtuse tooth on each side of the 
emargination. Pronotum transverse, nearly one and one-half times 
as wide as long, widest at apical third, shghtly narrower behind than 
in front; sides broadly rounded at apical third, then obliquely at- 
tenuate to the posterior angles, which are rectangular, the marginal 
line distinct posteriorly; anterior margin deeply arcuately emargi- 
nate, with a distinct angulated lobe at middle; base bisinuate, with 
the median lobe large, broadly rounded, and strongly elevated near 
the scutellum; disk with a broad median longitudinal groove, feebly 
impressed anteriorly, obsolete at middle, and terminating in a round 
deep puncture in front of scutellum, sometimes with an obsolete de- 
pression on each side of the median line; surface densely, coarsely 
granulose at middle, with a few obsolete punctures intermixed, at 
the sides the punctures are shallow, coarser, and confluent, the sides 
forming a network of irregular polygonal areas, the bottoms of 
which are densely granulose. Scutellum small, and the surface 
coarsely and densely granulose. Elytra wider than pronotum at 
base; sides obtusely angulate at base, broadly rounded at humeri, 
nearly parallel to apical third, then strongly, acurately attenuate to 
the tips, which are very acute; lateral margins finely serrate poste- 
riorly; humeri not prominent; surface with a broad deep depression 
between the base and humeri, and densely, coarsely scabrous. <Ab- 
domen beneath with posterior margin of segment smooth, and the 
surface coarsely but not deeply punctate, the punctures coarser, and 
open posteriorly on the basal segments, becoming merely transverse 
crenulate lines toward the sides and apex; last segment broadly 
arcuately emarginate at apex, the angles acute but not prominent, 
and with an obsolete serrate subapical ridge. Metasternum more 
densely punctured than abdomen, the punctures round, with the 
sides well defined. Prosternum strongly convex, the anterior margin 
nearly truncate, and the surface coarsely and deeply punctate an- 
teriorly, becoming transversely rugose posteriorly; prosternal proc- 
ess feebly convex, sides narrowly margined, the surface very coarsely 
punctate, abruptly expanded behind the coxal cavities and with an 
acute tooth at apex. First joint of the posterior tarsi nearly as long 
as the following three joints united. 

Length, 7.5-11 mm.; width, 3-4.5 mm: 


art. 9 WEST INDIAN BUPRESTIDAE—-FISHER 175 


This is a very common circumpolar species found throughout the 
greater part of North America, Europe, and Siberia. It is closely 
allied to notata Castelnau and Gory, but can always be distinguished 
from that species by the head being very densely punctured, strongly 
opaque, and never shining as in notata, and the elytra is never 
ornated with yellow markings. It is reported as living in various 
species of spruce, pine, and fir. 

It was first described by De Geer from an unknown locality, and 
later from Europe under a number of different names by various 
authors. Eschscholtz (1829) places appendiculata Fabricius in his 
new genus Melanophila. Say (1823) described the same species 
from Pennsylvania and the Western States under the name of 
longipes, and this name has been used in recording the species from 
the West Indies. 

Chevrolat (1867) records the species from Cuba, in the collections 
of Gundlach and Poey. Gundlach (1891) records collecting it at 
“Brazo del Cauto,” Santiago de Cuba. 

Specimens have been examined from the following West Indian 
localities. Coll. S. C. Bruner: Camaguey, Cuba, Nov. 11. 1921 
(Angelica Prieto). Coll. British Mus.: Two specimens labeled 
“Haiti, Saunders 74-18.” This species is not represented in the 
Poey collection in Philadelphia, but there is a single example. 
labeled No. 1053, in the Gundlach Museum in Habana. which has 
not been examined by the writer. 


Genus TETRAGONOSCHEMA Thomson 


Tetragonoschema THomson, Archiv. Entom., vol. 1, 1857, p. 116.—KeErkRE- 
MANS, Wytsman’s Gen. Insectorum, fase. 12, pt. 3, 1903, pp. 168-169. 
Pachypyga STEINHEL, Atti. Soc. Ent. Ital., vol. 5, 1872, p. 564. 

Head rectangular, front depressed at middle and not narrowed by 
the insertion of the antennae; epistoma narrow, short. and feebly 
emarginate at the middle; antennal cavities rather large, rounded, 
not concealed under a carina, and situated rather close to the inner 
margin of the eyes. Antennae moderately long; first joint thick and 
clavate; second and third short, obconic, and equal to each other in 
length; fourth a little longer and triangular; following joints rather 
robust, triangular, dentate on the inner side and armed with a 
terminal poriferous fovea. Eyes large, elliptical, and parallel. 
Pronotum wider than long, bisinuate in front, with the median lobe 
angulate; sides more or less rounded, with the posterior angles 
straight or obtuse; base distinctly sinuate. Scutellum triangular. 
Elytra short, sinuate, subparallel, truncate at the base, broadly and 
separately rounded at apex, and not covering the pygidium, which is 
concave. Sternal cavity formed by the mesosternum and meta- 
sternum. the lateral branches of the former subcontiguous. Meta- 


176 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL. 65 


sternum truncate in front and grooved at the middle. Prosternum 
with the anterior margin feebly emarginate in front; prosternal 
process flat, and acuminate at apex. Posterior coxae dilated in- 
ternally; anterior margin feebly sinuate; posterior margin oblique. 
Legs feebly robust; femora and tibiae normal; tarsi moderately long. 
Abdomen short and convex; the last segment in the male with a 
transverse carina, and sinuate at the middle, the female with a large 
transverse depression. Body flat, short, and rectangular. 

This genus was erected by Thomson (1857) for chrysomelina from 
Haiti, which is a synonym of quadrata Buquet. Steinheil (1872) 
erected the genus Pachypyga for a new species wndata from the Argen- 
tine Republic, which is supposed to be congeneric with quadrata 
Buquet. So far, only six species have been described in this genus, 
four from South America, one from Guatemala, and the other one 


from Haiti. 
TETRAGONOSCHEMA QUADRATA (Buquet) 


Anthazia quadrata BuQuEt, Rey. Zool., 1841, pp. 194-195. 
Tetragonoschema chrysomelina THomson, Archiv. Entom., vol. 1, 1857, 
p. 116, pl. 10, fig. 2. 


The following is a translation of Buquet’s original description: 


Cyaneous, shining; elytra uneven and marked with three excava- 
tions; antennae, legs and abdomen greenish-bronzy. Length, 4 mm.; 
width, 2.75 mm. 

Brilliant dark blue above. Head wide, finely reticulate and nearly 
covered with a very feeble network, and with a distinctly marked 
broad longitudinal groove in the middle. Eyes rather large and of 
a brownish color. Antennae brilliant green. Thorax very narrow 
at base, convex, nearly two times as wide as the head at the extrem- 
ity, with a transverse groove, and bordered at the lower part by 
a brilliant, smooth, narrow line, which very distinctly detaches it 
from the elytra. Scutellum triangular, and longer than wide. 
Elytra nearly as wide as long, flat, parallel, uneven, and cut off 
squarely at base, rounded at the apex, and each elytron with three 
deep transverse impressions; the first near the scutellum, and inter- 
rupted in the middle by a longitudinal costa; the second a little 
behind the first; and the third situated near the apex; these are cov- 
ered with a very fine reticulation, and bordered besides in their entire 
length. Body beneath finely punctate, and also the legs, which are 
a brilliant green. It has been given to me by Mr, Petit de la Saus- 
saye, as having been found in Santo Domingo. 


The species was first described by Buquet (1841) from Santo 
Domingo. Thomson (1857) described the same species under the 
name chrysomelina from Haiti, for which he erected the new genus 
Tetragonoschema. 'The species seems to be rare in collections, as no 
specimens have been available for examination, and Dr. C. J. Gahan 
states that the species is not represented in the British Museum 
collection. ; 


ART. 9 WEST INDIAN BUPRESTIDAE—FISHER 177 


Genus TRACHYS Fabricius * 


Trachys Fasrictus, Syst. Eleuth., vol. 2, 1801, p. 218-220.—EscHscHOLtz, 
Zool. Atlas, vol. 1, 1829, p. 9 (reprint, p. 8).—Sotir, Ann. Soc. Ent. 
France, vol. 2, 18383, pp. 311-312, pl. 12, fig. 30—CasTELNAU and 
Gory, Mon. Bupr., vol. 2, 1840, pp. 1-11, pls. 1-2.—LaAcorpDatrg, Gen. 
Col., vol. 4, 1857, p. 88—KrrRREMANS, Wytsman’s Gen. Insectorum, 
fase. 12, pt. 4, 1903, pp. 3807-314. 

Head rather convex, wide, and more or less grooved or concave, 
and strongly narrowed by the antennal cavities; epistoma con- 
stricted posteriorly by the antennal cavities, and emarginate in 
front; antennal cavities rather large, oblique, rounded behind, pro- 
longed into a groove in front, and situated a short distance from 
the eyes. Antennae 11-jointed, the basal joints inserted in a groove 
between the eyes and epistoma, the groove not prolonged on the 
prosternum, the apical joints free while in repose; first and second 
joints thick; third to sixth slender, cylindrical; the following joints 
triangular, dentate on the inner margin, and armed with terminal 
poriferous foveae. Eyes large, oval, sometimes projecting, and more 
widely separated on occiput than in front. Pronotum much wider 
than long, narrower in front than behind; anterior margin arcuately 
emarginate, with the apical angles acute; sides narrowed anteriorly ; 
base strongly bisinuate. Scutellum very small or invisible. Elytra 
broad, attenuate posteriorly, and rounded at apex; humeri promi- 
nent and sometimes extending into a longitudinal carina along the 
lateral margin and at some distance from it. Sternal cavity formed 
by the mesosternum and metasternum, the lateral branches of the 
former short and very indistinct. Metasternum feebly, arcuately 
emarginate in front. Prosternum short, wide, rounded at apex, 
and the anterior margin armed with a more or less broad lobe. 
Middle coxae a little more widely separated than the anterior ones; 
posterior ones usually dilated externally. Legs slightly robust and 
not lodged in depressions beneath; femora rather thick; tibiae 
slender, straight or feebly arcuate, and in repose not concealed in 
grooves in the femora; tarsi very short, the joints enlarged and 
lobed, the first jot longer than the following; tarsal claws strongly 
toothed at base. Body short, suboval, or pentagonal. 

This genus contains a large number of very small leaf-mining 
forms. It is distributed throughout the entire world with the ex- 
ception of the Nearctic Region. The species of the genus reach their 
highest development in the Indo-Malaysian Region, but a few spe- 


8 Since submitting this article for publication there has appeared an article by Dr 
Jan Obenberger (Sbornik Entomologického Oddéleni Nf&rodniho Musea v Praze, vol. 1, 
1923, p. 41), in which he places Lius guadeloupensis Fleutiaux and Sallé in his new 
genus Neotrachys. 


17S PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 65 


cies have been described from America, including one from the 
Guadeloupe Islands. The American species are not entirely con- 
generic with the species from Malaysia and probably should form 
a new genus, but until more material is available for study it is ad- 
visable to retain them in the present genus. 


TRACHYS GUADELOUPENSIS (Fleutiaux and Sallé) 


Lius guadeloupensis FLEUTIAUX and SALLE, Ann. Soc. Ent. France, ser. 6, 
vol. 9, 1890, pp. 404-405 (separates pp. 54-55). 
Trachys chevrolati KeERREMANS, Ann. Soe. Ent. France, vol. 65, 1896, pp. 


26-27. 

Elongate, moderately convex, broadly rounded in front, attenuate 
posteriorly, and slightly narrower behind than in front, glabrous and 
strongly shining, uniformly aeneous above; beneath piceous, with a 
slightly aeneous tinge. 

Head broad, nearly flat, feebly longitudinally impressed on the 
front, deeply transversely impressed behind the epistoma, with a 
round deeper impression behind the antennal cavities; surface 
sparsely and irregularly punctate, the punctures shallow and rather 
coarse on the occiput, but becoming nearly obsolete toward the 
epistoma; intervals smooth; epistoma wide between the antennal 
cavities (about three times as wide as the cavities), the anterior mar- 
gin deeply, arcuately emarginate and strongly elevated; antennae 
rather short and entirely piceous. Pronotum slightly convex, two 
and one-half times as wide as long at middle, distinctly narrower 
in front than behind, and widest at base; sides obliquely arcuate 
from base to anterior angles and narrowly margined; anterior an- 
gles acute; posterior angles nearly rectangular and slightly project- 
ing; anterior margin broadly arcuately emarginate, with an obsolete 
lobe at middle; base transversely truncate to near middle of elytron, 
then feebly sinuate and turning obliquely backward to the scutellum, 
in front of which it is broadly rounded; surface narrowly impressed 
along lateral margin, and with a broad, shallow impression near the 
posterior angles; punctuation similar to that on the head. Scutel- 
lum very small and triangular. Elytra moderately convex, dis- 
tinctly wider than pronotum at base; humeral angles broadly 
rounded; sides feebly obliquely attenuate to behind the middle, then 
arcuately attenuate to the tips, which are conjointly narrowly 
rounded, with the lateral margin entire; each elytron with a broad, 
shallow impression at base, and a more elongate one behind the 
humerus close to the lateral margin, causing an obsolete elevation 
near the middle at lateral margin, which is less elevated than the 
humerus; surface without lateral carina, rather densely and irregu- 
larly punctate, the punctures coarse and stelliform at base, becom- 
ing more obsolete at the apex; intervals smooth. Abdomen beneath 


arr. 9 WEST INDIAN BUPRESTIDAE—FISHER 179 


coarsely and sparsely punctate, the punctures very shallow, ocellate, 
oval at middle, but becoming more elongate at the sides of first 
segment, and sparsely clothed with a few inconspicuous hairs; inter- 
vals finely and densely granulose; last segment broadly rounded at 
apex. Prosternum sparsely, coarsely punctate; anterior margin 
broadly rounded; prosternal process broad, slightly expanded be- 
hind the coxal cavities, and broadly rounded at apex. 

Length, 2.4 mm.; width, .75 mm. 

This species was described and placed in the genus Lzus by Fleu- 
tiaux and Sallé from material collected by Delauney during August 
at Camp Jacobs, in the southern part of Guadeloupe. Kerremans 
(1896) described Trachys chevrolati from Guadeloupe from mate- 
rial in the Chevrolat collection. I have carefully compared the de- 
scriptions of Lius guadeloupensis and Trachys chevrolati and find 
no differences, and since L. guadeloupensis was unknown to Kerre- 
mans at the time he described 7’. chevrolati, I have placed his species 
as a synonym of guadeloupensis. 

The above description was made from eight specimens collected 
at Gourbeyre, which is near the type locality in Guadeloupe, and 
kindly loaned to me by the American Museum of Natural History. 
(Two of these specimens have been donated to the United States 
National Museum collection.) These specimens agree very well with 
the description given by Fleutiaux and Sallé for this species, but 
they belong to the genus 7Z7'’rachys, which can be easily distinguished 
from the genus Lius by the absence of grooves on the prosternum 
for the reception of the antenna while in repose. 


Genus BRACHYS Solier 


Brachys Souter, Ann. Soe. Ent. France, ser. J, vol. 2, 1833, pp. 312-313.— 
LAcorDAIRE, Gen. Col., vol. 4, 1857, pp. 86-87.—DEJEAN, Cat. Coleopt., 
2 ed., 1833, p. 83.—CASTELNAU and Gory, Mon. Bupr., vol. 2, 1840, pp. 
1-9.—Gory, Mon. Bupr., Suppl., vol. 4, 1841, pp. 329-349.—LEConrTr, 
Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., new ser., vol. 11, 1859, pp. 250-253.—KeErre- 

MANS, Wytsman’s Gen. Insectorum, fase. 12, pt. 4, 1903, pp. 324-327. 
Head moderately large, front grooved; epistoma bisinuate in 
front, and strongly narrowed by the antennal cavities; antennal 
cavities large, oblique, rounded behind, and prolonged into a groove 
in front, and situated some distance from the eyes. Antennae 11- 
jointed ; first joint thick and obconic; second cylindrical, nearly as 
long and thick as the first; third and fourth subequal in length, 
more slender and shorter than the second; the following joints 
dentate on the inner side, and armed with terminal poriferous fovae. 
Eyes rather large, oval, subparallel, and sometimes a little more 
widely separated on vertex than at front. Pronotum trapeziform, 
wider than long; disk convex, depressed at sides and base; sides 


180 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 65 


obliquely narrowed anteriorly; anterior margin nearly straight; 
base strongly bisinuate, with a distinct median lobe. Scutellum 
large, triangular, and wider than long. Elytra broad and short, 
abruptly attentuate behind; humeri prominent, and often ex- 
tending into a longitudinal carina along the lateral margin, the 
disk sometimes with distinct longitudinal carinae. Sternal cavity 
formed by the mesosternum and metasternum, the lateral branches 
of the former very short, transverse, and compressed upon the side 
or invisible. Metasternum broadly emarginate in front.  Pro- 
sternum truncate in front, with the sides deeply grooved near the 
margin for the reception of the antennae; prosternal process with a 
large, deep, elongate fovea at middle. Middle coxae a little more 
widely separated than anterior ones; posterior pairs are but slightly 
dilated internally, narrowest at middle, and broader externally. 
Legs very contractile, and while in repose are lodged in depressions 
beneath; femora feebly swollen, the anterior and middle pairs arcu- 
late at apex; tibiae slender and cylindrical, usually straight, but in 
a few cases arcuate; tarsi very short; tarsal claws toothed at base. 
Body usually broad and ovate, attentuate in front and acuminate 
behind. 

The species of this genus are very numerous and their distribution 
heretofore has been confined to North, Central, and South America. 
The following new species extends the distribution to the West 
Indies. The adults are short, ovate and of various metallic colors, 
the dorsal parts usually ornated with pubescent designs, sometimes 
glabrous and occasionally with tufts of erect hairs, and are found 
during the warmer part of the day on flowers, or feeding on the 
foliage. The larvae are miners in the leaves of various trees and 


plants. 
BRACHYS THOMAE, new species 


Broadly cuneiform, distinctly longer than wide, broadly rounded 
in front, more acuminate posteriorly, and narrower behind than in 
front, shining, piceous, with feeble purplish and cupreous reflections, 
and ornated with indistinct irregular pubescent designs; beneath 
uniformly piceous. 

Head feebly convex, longitudinally grooved from occiput to epis- 
toma, the groove very board and deep on the front, but becoming 
narrower and not as deeply impressed on the occiput, when viewed 
from above the front is deeply emarginate, and each side forming a 
semicircle with the eyes; surface densely, finely granulose, and 
sparsely clothed on the vertex, along the eyes, and behind the epis- 
toma with a few recumbent cinereous hairs; epistoma narrow be- 
tween the antennal cavities (about one-half as wide as the cavities), 


pS 


ART, 9 WEST INDIAN BUPRESTIDAE—FISHER 181 


feebly concave and without transverse carina in front. Pronotum 
moderately convex, two times as wide as long at the middle, distinctly 
narrower in front than behind, widest at base; sides strongly 
arcuately attenuate from base to anterior angles; anterior margin 
truncate, without a median lobe; base transversely truncate to 
middle of elytron, then turning obliquely backward to the scutellum, 
in front of which it is feebly arcuately emarginate; posterior angles 
nearly rectangular, surface broadly depressed along the sides, the 
depression extending obliquely from the anterior angles to the base 
at middle of elytron, then transversely along the base, causing the 
anterior median part of the disk to be regularly convex, each side 
with a short straight indistinct lateral carina, the surface is also 
densely, finely granulose, with numerous shallow ocellate punctures 
in the depressed areas, and sparsely clothed with moderately 
long recumbent cinereous hairs. Scutellum obsoletely granulose 
broadly triangular, with the anterior margin feebly rounded. Elytra 
not quite as wide as pronotum at base, widest just behind the 
humeral angles, which are obtusely angulated; sides strongly sinuate 
at basal third, then strongly obliquely attentuate to the tips, which 
are conjointly, broadly rounded, with the lateral margins entire; 
humeri prominent; each elytron with a moderately deep broad de- 
pression at the base, and an elongate one behind the humerus be- 
tween the lateral carina and lateral margin, and with a strongly 
elevated, sinuate smooth lateral carina extending from the humeral 
angle to near the apex; the surface with two fine longitudinal lines 
of fulvous hairs extending from the base to near the middle, and 
sparsely clothed with recumbent cinereous hairs (with a few fulvous 
ones intermixed), the cinereous pubescence tending to form obsolete 
fasciae at middle and apical fifth; surface finely, sparsely punc- 
tate, with a longitudinal row of larger punctures on each side of 
the longitudinal lines of hairs; intervals obsoletely rugose on basal 
part, but becoming smoother toward apex. Abdomen beneath 
strongly convex, sparsely and ocellate-punctate, the punctures large, 
obsolete, open on the one side, and from each one arises a short recum- 
bent cinereous hair, the hairs more conspicuous toward the sides; 
intervals finely and densely granulose; last segment subtruncate 
at apex, with the margin very finely dentate. Front and middle 
tibiae strongly arcuate, the latter with a distinct tooth at the apex 
(hind tibiae missing). 

Length, 3 mm.; width, 1.4 mm. 

Type locality—tLa Belle, St. Thomas, West Indies. 

Type.—Carnegie Museum, Pittsburgh. 

Described from a unique specimen received from the Carnegie 
Museum. 


182 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM yOL. 65 


In general form this species resembles Brachys bellus Fisher from 
Panama, but can be easily distinguished from that species by the 
color being entirely different, and the pronotum having distinct 


lateral carinae. 
Genus TAPHROCERUS Solier 


Taphrocerus Souier, Ann. Soc. Ent. France, ser. 1, vol. 2, 1833, pp. 314- 
315.—KERREMANS, Wytsman’s Gen. Tnsectorum, fase. 12, pt. 4, 1903, 
pp. 327-328. 

Head large, moderately convex and more or less grooved on front; 
epistoma broadly emarginate in front, strongly narrowed by the 
antennal cavities, and separated from the front by a transverse 
carina; antennal cavities large, oblique, rounded behind, prolonged 
into a groove in front, and situated at some distance from the eyes. 
Antennae rather long, and while in repose inserted in a groove in 
the prosternum; first joint robust, elongate and somewhat arcuate; 
second robust, slightly shorter than the first; third and fourth 
and sometimes the fifth elongate, longer and more slender than the 
second; following joints triangular, dentate on the inner margin, 
and armed with terminal poriferous foveae. Eyes moderately large, 
oval, not touching the pronotum, sometimes projecting, and parallel 
or feebly oblique on the inner margin. Pronotum wider than long; 
disk sometimes very uneven, with or without lateral carina; anterior 
margin usually truncate; sides more or less sinuate; base strongly 
bisinuate, with a distinct median lobe, which is more or less emargi- 
nate. Scutellum triangular, the anterior margin sometimes rounded, 
and apex rather acute. Elytra rather elongate and moderately con- 
vex, strongly acuminate posteriorly, sometimes with a distinct lateral 
carina, and the surface glabrous or pubescent. Sternal cavity 
formed by the mesosternum and metasternum, the lateral branches 
of the former very small. Metasternum rather deeply and angularly 
emarginate in front. Prosternum broadly rounded in front; pro- 
sternal process strongly constricted by the coxal cavities, behind 
which it is dilated, with the apex acute. Middle coxae a little more 
widely separated than the anterior ones; posterior pair very short, 
concave, and feebly dilated internally. Legs rather robust and not 
lodged in depressions beneath; anterior and middle femora feebly 
swollen, and arcuate at apex, the posterior pair more slender and 
nearly straight; anterior and middle tibiae cylindrical and more 
or less arcuate, the posterior ones less arcuate; tarsi rather longer 
than usual for this group; tarsal claws dentate. Body elongate and 
broadly agriliform. 

This genus contains about 50 described species, which are confined 
in their distribution to the Western Hemisphere. So far seven 
species have been found in the West Indies, of which five are de- 


eb tes a petal 


ART. 9 WEST INDIAN BUPRESTIDAE—FISHER 183 


scribed as new in the present paper. ‘The species are elongate, 
broadly agriliform, and usually of a piceous or aeneous color. They 
are closely allied to each other and very difficult to describe in such 
a way that they can be easily recognized, but the species from the 
West Indies can be separated by the characters given in the follow- 
ing table: 

KEY TO THE SPECIES 


We NUTTACE -ADOVE. UNICOLOTEdS 22 ILD As PAO NS RE 7 ahs eee ONE ESP Se De 
Sunfaceyaboveribicolo rede es = eye ree ears 5 eee) ys ee eee fe iti eel ee 6. 

Ae lyirasawithe laterak caring a= so eirae)  _a  a  e  e Se 
yer aemvikh Ot lateral cari a= = = Sess og eae bes ak ee ee ae op A 4. 

SMS UTLACEHADOVGr ACMCO US 2m ee po a ee ee laesicollis Chevrolat. 
Surtacemabuve spi cegu sess 2 tee ee ee See tenuis Fisher. 

Boe Eronobuni widestyat, DAS@ soso nae ee Se ee eee subglaber Fisher. 


Pronotum widest in front of base 
5. Pronotum widest at apical third, then obliquely attenuate to posterior 
angles; head transversely truncate in front when view from above; color 
above aeneo-cupreous__--__--_---_--_____---_-___-__ aeneocupreus Fisher. 
Pronotum widest at basal third, where it is abruptly constricted and then 
parallel to the posterior angles; head broadly rounded in front when 
viewed from above; color above aeneo-piceous________ timidus Chevrolat. 
6. Sides of pronotum strongly constricted at base, which is broadly depressed 
in front of scutellum; head and anterior part of pronotum cupreous, 
elytra dark shining green at base, becoming bronzy and strongly opaque 
ony apicalittwo-thirdsste 6 iit jasc. Geers 2 lites tease yyy elegans Fisher. 
Sides of pronotum arcuately rounded; base not depressed in front of 

scutellum; head and pronotum dark aeneous, elytra piceous, shining. 
aeneocollis Fisher. 

TAPHROCERUS LAESICOLLIS Chevrolat 


Taphrocerus laesicollis CHEVROLAT, Ann. Soc. Ent. France, ser. 4, vol. 7, 
1867, p. 1867, p. 587; (separate p. 163).—GuNpDLACH, Contribucion 4 
la Entom. Cuba, vol. 3, pt. 5, pp. 170-171. 


The following is a translation of Chevrolat’s original description : 


Allied to Brachys gentilis Dejean and alboguttatus Gory; aeneous, 
somewhat shining, vaguely and deeply punctate; head punctate. 
anteriorly deeply sulcate and posteriorly more narrowly sulcate; eyes 
black with a golden margin; thorax transverse, vaguely punctate, in 
front straight, externally margined, and from there up to the base 
suleate, on the sides obliquely bicarinate (the carina externally 
excavated), declivous anteriorly, nearly straight toward base, some- 
times very freely arcuate externally and subemarginate at middle, 
with two deep subquadrate median sulci, transversely limited on tlie 
disk; scutellum subrotund and shining; elytra elongate, toward the 
base feebly wider, and then gradually attenuate, separately obtusely 
rounded, at basal margin, suture and scutellum margined, humeral 
callosity elevated and produced into a longitudinal costa, minutely 
granulose, punctate-striate, the sutural stria inversely sulcate, the 
striae beyond middle obsolete, and the punctures in the striae irregu- 
lar, posteriorly corinaceous and more shining; body beneath and 
legs dark aeneous. Length, 3.75 mm.; width, 1mm. Habitat, Cuba. 
Collections of Gundlach and Poey. 


184 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 65 


Gundlach (1891) states that: “Chevrolat records receiving a speci- 
men from me but the species is not represented in my collection.” 
The species is not represented in either the Poey collection in Phila- 
delphia nor the Gundlach Museum in Habana, so I have been unable 
to examine any specimens of this species, and it is included in the 
key from the characters given in the original description. 

This species can be separated from all the described West Indian 
species of this genus, with the exception of tenuis Fisher, by the 
elytra having a distinct lateral carina, extending from the humeri 
backward for a short distance. From tenuis it can be separated 
by the color, which is recorded as aeneous, while in that species it 
is entirely piceous, with only a slight aeneous tinge when viewed in 


certain lights. 
TAPHROCERUS TENUIS, new species 


Form elongate, subcylindrical, strongly attenuate posteriorly, 
moderately convex above, shining, uniformly piceous above, with a 
very feeble aeneous tinge in certain lights, and without pubescent 
spots; beneath of the same color as above. ; 

Head slightly narrower than pronotum at base, and when viewed 
from above is transversely truncate in front, with a longitudinal 
groove extending from the epistoma to the occiput, the groove form- 
ing an elongated triangular space behind the epistoma, and becoming 
obsolete on the occiput; front wide, with the sides more widely 
separated above than in front, and feebly convex between the eyes; 
surface glabrous, finely and obsoletely reticulate, with a few shallow, 
irregularly placed punctures intermixed; eyes oval, equally rounded 
at both ends, strongly convex, and slightly projecting; epistoma 
feebly elevated, and rather narrowly and deeply arcuately emar- 
ginate in front. Pronotum moderately convex, two times as wide 
as long, apex and base about equal in width, widest at about the 
basal third; sides when viewed from above are obliquely dilated to 
basal third, then abruptly narrowed and feebly arcuately emargin- 
ated to the posterior angles, which are nearly rectangular; anterior 
margin nearly truncate; base truncate to middle of elytron, then 
turning obliquely backward to the scutellum, in front of which it 
is arcuately emarginate; surface with a shallow, broad transverse 
depression along anterior margin, connected on each side to a broad 
depression at lateral margin, which extends obliquely backward to 
the base, but not transversely along base in front of scutellum, caus- 
ing the surface near posterior angles to be feebly gibbose, surface 
with a few scattered ocellate punctures, from the center of which 
arises a short inconspicuous cinereous hair; intervals finely and 
densely reticulate. Scutellum triangular, rounded in front, with 
the surface nearly smeoth. Elytra moderately convex, slightly 


sc le 


art, 9 WEST INDIAN BUPRESTIDAE—FISHER 185 


wider than pronotum at base; humeral angles obtusely angulated ; 
sides feebly arcuately concave from the humeral angles to middle, 
where they are broadly rounded and about equal in width to the 
base, then strongly obliquely attenuate to the tips, which are sepa- 
rately rounded and feebly serrulate; humeri well developed; each 
elytron with a broad and rather deep basal depression, and a dis- 
tinct lateral carina extending from the humeri to about basal third; 
surface with indistinct rows of shallow, feebly defined punctures. 
which are obsoletely granulose at the bottom, the punctures rather 
large at base, but becoming very fine and indistinct toward the 
apex; intervals somewhat rugose at base, but nearly smooth at the 
apical region, and very sparsely clothed with a few short incon- 
spicuous hairs. Abdomen beneath moderately convex, sparsely and 
rather obsoletely punctate, the punctures very shallow, oblong, and 
open on the one side, each puncture bearing a short recumbent 
cinereous hair; intervals densely and obsoletely reticulate; last seg- 
ment broadly rounded at apex, with the apical groove deep, and 
following the outline of the lateral margin, but not extending to it. 
Prosternum rather coarsely punctate. Front and middle tibiae mod- 
erately arcuate. 

Length, 3.2 mm.; width 1 mm. 

Type locality.—Trinidad, West Indies. 

Type and paratypes.—Cat. No. 26815, U.S.N.M. 

Described from five specimens collected by August Busck, June 
12 and 21. 

This species can be easily distinguished from all the other species 
of this genus described from the West Indies (except laesicollis 
Chevrolat), by the elytra having a distinct lateral carina. From 
laesicollis it can be separated by the color, which is piceous, and not 
aeneous, as in that species. 


TAPHROCERUS SUBGLABER, new species 


Form rather broadly elongate, strongly attenuate posteriorly, mod- 
erately convex above; shining, uniformly piceous, with a strong 
aenous or olivaceous tinge, and without pubescent spots; beneath 
slightly more aeneous than above. 

Head considerably narrower than pronotum at base, and when 
viewed from above is transversely truncate in front, with a feeble 
emargination at middle, with a longitudinal groove extending from 
the occiput to epistoma, the groove rather broadly and deeply im- 
pressed on the front, but becoming obsolete on the occiput; front 
wide, with the sides more widely separated above than in front, and 
feebly convex between the eyes; surface nearly smooth, with a few 
very shallow, irregularly placed punctures, and very sparsely clothed 
with short, inconspicuous, cinerous hairs; eyes large, oval, about 


186 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 65 


equally rounded at both ends, strongly convex and slightly project- 
ing; epistoma flat and rather narrowly and deeply arcuately emargi- 
nate in front. Pronotum moderately convex, two times as wide as 
long, distinctly narrower in front than behind, widest at base; sides 
when viewed from above are parallel at apical angles, then obliquely 
dilated to the base; anterior margin feebly arcuate; base nearly trans- 
versely truncate to middle of elytron, then turning obliquely back- 
ward to the scutellum, in front of which it is feebly arcuately emar- 
ginate; surface with a narrow transverse depression along the ante- 
rior margin, connected at each side to a broad concave depression at 
the lateral margin, which extends obliquely backward and then 
transversely along base, these depressions cause the surface to be 
broadly transversely elevated on the disk anteriorly, sparsely irregu- 
lar ocellate-punctate, the punctures more widely separated on the 
disk, and from the center of each arises a short inconspicuous cine- 
reous hair; intervals nearly smooth (obsoletely reticulate under a 
high-power lens). Scutellum triangular, feebly rounded in front, 
with the surface finely and obsoletely reticulate. Elytra moderately 
convex, not quite as wide as pronotum at base; humeral angles ob- 
tusely angulated; sides strongly arcuately concave from the humeral 
angles to middle, where they are broadly rounded and wider than at 
base, then strongly obliquely attenuate to the tips, which are con- 
jointly broadly rounded and obsoletely serrulate; humeri well devel- 
oped; each elytron with a deep, broad basal depression, and without a 
lateral carina; surface with distinct rows of shallow, feebly defined 
punctures, which are larger at the base but gradually becoming 
smaller toward the apex, where they are nearly obsolete, the bottom 
of each puncture is obsoletely granulose, with a short inconspicuous 
cinerous hair arising from the center; intervals smooth on disk, be- 
coming feebly rugose at the sides, especially in the humeral regions. 
Abdomen beneath strongly convex, sparsely and rather obsoletely 
punctate, the punctures very shallow, rounded, open on the one side, 
larger and more closely placed on the first segment, but becoming 
very small on the last one, each puncture bearing a short recumbent 
cinerous hair; intervals finely and obsoletely reticulate; last segment 
broadly rounded at apex, with the apical groove following the outline 
of the lateral margin, but not extending to it. Prosternum densely 
and finely reticulate-punctate. Front and middle tibiae moderately 
arcuate. 

Length, 3.5 mm.; width, 1.85 mm. 

Type locality —Montserratt, Trinidad, West Indies. 

Type and paratypes.—Cat. No. 26816, U.S.N.M. 

Described from four specimens collected by August Busck, two of 
which were collected at the type locality, June 28 and 29, one at Port 





ART. 9 WEST INDIAN BUPRESTIDAE—FISHER 187 


of Spain, Trinidad, June 19, and the other one simply labeled 
“Trinidad, W. I. June.” 

This species can be distinguished from all the other species of this 
genus described from the West Indies by the shape of the pronotum, 
which is widest at the base and slightly wider than the base of the 
elytra. It resembles somewhat aeneocollis Fisher and tenuis Fisher, 
but it is much broader in proportion to its length than either of these 


two species. 
TAPHROCERUS ELEGANS, new species 


Male.—Elongate, strongly attenuate posteriorly, moderately con- 
vex and strongly flattened above; head with the occiput and vertex 
cupreous, front green; pronotum cupreous anteriorly, becoming oli- 
vaceous toward the base; scutellum dark green; elytra dark shining 
green at base, becoming a dull bronzy color and strongly opaque on 
the apical two-thirds, and without pubescent spots; beneath piceous 
with a strong aenous tinge. 

Head nearly as wide as pronotum at base, and when viewed from 
above is transversely truncate in front, with a feeble emargination 
at the middle; and broadly flattened behind the epistoma, causing 
two obsolete gibbosities on the front, with a longitudinal groove ex- 
tending from the occiput to the transverse flattened area behind the 
epistoma, the groove obsolete on the occiput, but becoming deeper 
and broader on the front, which is wide, with the sides more widely 
separated above than in front, and nearly flat between the eyes; 
surface finely and densely granulose, with a few moderately deep 
punctures intermixed, the punctures becoming denser and more con- 
fused behind the epistoma, where the surface is also sparsely clothed 
with short cincereous hairs; eyes large, oval, about equally rounded 
at both ends, strongly convex and feebly projecting; epistoma flat, 
and deeply, arcuately emarginate in front. Pronotum moderately 
convex, nearly two times as wide as long, apex and base about equal 
in width, widest at about the basal third; sides when viewed from 
above are obliquely dilated to the basal third, then abruptly nar- 
rowed, and arcuately emarginate to the posterior angles, which are 
rather obtuse; anterior margin broadly arcuate; base transversely 
truncate to middle of elytron, then turning obliquely backward to 
the scutellum, in front of which it is feebly, arcuately emarginate; 
surface with a narrow transverse depression along the anterior mar- 
gin, connected at each side to a broad concave depression along the 
lateral margins, which extends to the posterior angles and then trans- 
versely along the base, these depressions causing the surface to be 
broadly gibbous on the disk, sparsely, irregularly ocellate-punctate, 
the punctures nearly obsolete on the disk, but becoming denser and 
larger in the depressed areas, sparsely clothed with a few incon- 


188 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 65 


spicuous, recumbent, cinereous hairs; intervals finely and very 
densely granulose. Scutellum triangular, feebly rounded in front, 
with the surface obsoletely granulose. Elytra moderately convex, 
strongly flattened on top, distinctly wider than pronotum at base; 
humeral angles obtusely angulated; sides strongly arcuately concave 
from the humeral angles to the middle, where they are broadly 
rounded and slightly wider than at base, then rather strongly, ob- 
liquely attenuate to the tips, which are conjointly broadly rounded, 
and obsoletely serrulate; humeri well developed; each elytron with a 
deep, rather broad basal depression and without a lateral carina; 
surface with distinct rows of punctures, which are large and rather 
deep at the base, but gradually becoming smaller toward the apex, 
where they are nearly obsolete, sparsely clothed with a few very 
short, inconspicuous cinereous hairs, which tend to form longitudinal 
rows, and are only noticeable on the opaque area; intervals finely and 
densely granulose, except for a transverse area at apical third, where 
the surface is more shining, the apical two-thirds so densely granu- 
lose that the surface is strongly opaque. Abdomen beneath strongly 
convex, sparsely and rather coarsely punctate, the punctures shallow, 
oblong, and open on the one side, each puncture bearing a very short 
recumbent cinereous hair; intervals densely and obsoletely reticulate; 
last segment broadly rounded at apex, with the apical groove more 
acutely rounded than apex, and extending to the lateral margins. 
Prosternum finely and densely rugose. Front and middle tibiae 
strongly arcuate. 

Length, 3.5 mm.; width, 1.4 mm. 

Type locality.—E1 Yunque, Porto Rico. 

Type.—Cat. No. 26818, U.S.N.M. 

Described from a single male example received from G. N. Wolcott 
of the Porto Rico Experiment Station and which was collected at 
El Yunque, Porto Rico, by R. T. Cotton, March 23,1917. El Yunque 
is a mountain 3,790 feet high, in the northeastern part of the island, 
between Mameyes and Fajardo. 


TAPHROCERUS AENEOCOLLIS, new species 


Form elongate, subcylindrical, strongly attenuate posteriorly, mod- 
erately convex above, and feebly shining; head and pronotum dark 
olivaceo-aeneous; elytra piceous, without pubescent spots; beneath 
piceous, with a feeble aeneous tinge. 

Head slightly narrower than pronotum at base, and when viewed 
from above is transversely truncate, with a longitudinal groove 
extending from the occiput to a somewhat flattened transverse area 
in front of epistoma, the groove obsolete on the occiput, but becoming 
more broadly and deeply impressed on the front, which is wide, with 


wise aia’ 





ART. 9 WEST INDIAN BUPRESTIDAE—FISHER 189 


the sides more widely separated above than in front, and feebly con- 
vex between the eyes; surface finely and densely granulose, with a 
few large, shallow, irregularly placed punctures intermixed, sparsely 
clothed with a few very short cinereous hairs behind the epistoma; 
eyes large, oval, more acutely rounded beneath than above, rather 
strongly convex, but only feebly projecting; epistoma flat, and rather 
narrowly and deeply arcuately emarginate in front. Pronotum 
moderately convex, nearly two times as wide as long, apex and base 
about equal in width, widest at about the middle; sides when viewed 
from above are regularly arcuate; anterior margin nearly truncate; 
base transversely truncate to middle of elytron, then turning 
obliquely backward to the scutellum, in front of which it is feebly 
arcuately emarginate; surface with a narrow transverse depression 
along anterior margin, connected on each side to a broad depression 
at lateral margin, this depression extending obliquely backward and 
becoming nearly obsolete at base, and not extending transversely in 
front of scutellum, surface with a few scattered ocellate punctures, 
from the center of which arises a short inconspicuous cinereous hair; 
intervals finely and densely reticulate. Scutellum triangular, feebly 
rounded in front, with the surface obsoletely reticulate. Elytra mod- 
erately convex, slightly wider than pronotum at base; humeral 
angles obtusely angulated; sides strongly arcuately concave from the 
humeral angles to the middle, where they are about equal in width 
to the base, then strongly obliquely attenuate to the tips, which are 
conjointly broadly rounded and feebly serrulate; humeri well devel- 
oped; each elytron with a rather shallow, broad basal depression, 
and without a lateral carina; surface with distinct rows of shallow, 
feebly defined punctures, which are obsoletely granulose at the bot- 
tom and from the center of which arises a short, inconspicuous, cine- 
reous hair, the punctures larger at the base but becoming gradually 
smaller toward the apex, where they are nearly obsolete; intervals 
feebly rugose at the sides, but becoming smoother on the disk. Abdo- 
men beneath moderately convex, sparsely and rather obsoletely punc- 
tate, the punctures very shallow, oblong, open on the one side, larger 
and more closely placed on the first segment, but becoming small and 
indistinct on the last one, each puncture bearing a short recumbent 
cinereous hair; intervals finely and obsoletely reticulate; last seg- 
ment broadly rounded at apex, the apical groove following the out- 
line of lateral margin but not extending to it. Prosternum finely 
and densely reticulate-punctate. Front and middle tibiae moder- 
ately arcuate. 

Length, 3 mm.; width, 1 mm. 

Type locality.—Trinidad, West Indies. 

Type and paraty pe.—Cat. No. 26817, U.S.N.M. 


190 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 65 


Described from two specimens collected by August Busck. The 
type is labeled “ Trinidad, W. I., June,” and the paratype “ Port of 
Spain, Trinidad, June 19.” 

The species is closely allied to swhglaber Fisher, but can be easily 
distinguished from that species by the shape of the pronotum, which 
is widest at about the middle and arcuately rounded, while in sub- 
glaber it is obliquely dilated to the base, where it is the widest. It 
might also be confused with tenwis Fisher, but that species has a dis- 
tinct lateral carina on the elytra. 


TAPHROCERUS AENEOCUPREUS, new species 


Form rather broadly elongate, strongly attenuate posteriorly, 
moderately convex above, shining, uniformly aeneous, with a slight 
cupreous tinge in certain lights, and without pubescent spots: be 
neath more olivaceo-aeneous than above. 

Head slightly narrower than pronotum at base, and when viewed 
from above is transversely truncate in front, with an obsolete longi- 
tudinal groove, which is shallow and broad near the epistoma, but 
becoming very narrow and resembling a carina on the vertex and 
occiput; front wide, with the sides nearly parallel and very feebly 
convex between the eyes; surface densely, coarsely granulose, coarsely 
and sparsely punctate, the punctures very shallow and distinctly 
separated, and clothed with a few very short, cinereous hairs; eyes 
large, elongate, more acutely rounded beneath than above, strongly 
convex, and slightly projecting; epistoma slightly elevated. and 
broadly arcuately emarginate in front. 

Pronotum moderately convex, two times as wide as long, apex and 
base nearly equal in width, widest at apical third; sides when viewed 
from above are strongly obliquely expanded from the anterior 
margin to apical third, then obliquely attenuate to the posterior 
angles, which are obtusely angulated; anterior margin obsoletely 
rounded; base truncate to middle of elytron, then turning obliquely 
backward to the scutellum, in front of which it is rather deeply 
arcuately emarginate; surface with a narrow, shallow, transverse de- 
pression along the anterior margin, and with a broader transverse 
depression behind the middle, connected on each side to the anterior 
depression, the surface with a few coarse widely separated punctures, 
from the center of which arises a short inconspicuous cinereous 
hair, the intervals finely and densely granulose. Scutellum tri- 
angular, rounded in front, acuminate behind, and with the 
surface finely, densely granulose. Elytra moderately convex, 
slightly wider than pronotum at base; humeral angles obtusely 
angulated; sides strongly sinuate from the humeral angles to 
middle, where they are broadly rounded and about equal in width 


ART. 9 WEST INDIAN BUPRESTIDAE—FISHER 191 


to the base, then obliquely attenuate to the tips, which are sepa- 
rately narrowly rounded and finely serrulate; humeri well de- 
veloped; each elytron with a broad and rather deep basal de- 
pression, but without a lateral carina; surface with indistinct 
rows of coarse, shallow punctures, the punctures rather distinct on 
basal area, but becoming more indistinct toward the apex; intervals 
densely, coarsely granulose, more or less rugose, and clothed with a 
few short recumbent cinereous hairs, which are more numerous in 
the apical region. Abdomen beneath moderately convex, coarsely 
and sparsely punctate, the punctures very shallow, oblong, and open 
posteriorly, each puncture bearing a very short recumbent cinereous 
hair; intervals densely and obsoletely reticulate; last segment nar- 
rowly flattened and truncate at apex, with the apical groove deep 
and following the outline of the lateral margin, but not extending 
to it. Prosternum coarsely and densely reticulate. Front and mid- 
dle tibiae slightly arcuate, the posterior pair nearly straight. 

Length, 4 mm.; width, 1.25 mm. 

Type locality —Cayamas, Cuba. 

Type and paratype.—Cat. No. 26819, U.S.N.M. 

Described from two specimens collected by E. A. Schwarz, Febru- 
ary. 28. 

This is one of the largest West Indian species, and is of a uni- 
formly bronzy-coppery color above. It is allied to Jaesicollis Chev- 
rolat, but can be separated from that species by the absence of the 
longitudinal lateral carina on the elytra. | 


TAPHROCERUS TIMIDUS Chevrolat 


Taphrocerus timidus CuHeEvrotar, Ann. Soc. Ent. France, ser. 4, vol. A; 
1867, pp. 587-588 (separates pp. 163-164).—GunptacH, Contribucion 
a la Entom. Cuba, vol. 3, pt. 5, 1891, p. 171, No. 1053. 

Form elongate, subcylindrical, strongly attenuate posteriorly, 
moderately convex above, and rather shining; above uniformly 
piceous, with a distinct aeneous tinge, and without pubescent spots; 
beneath slightly less aeneous than above. 

Head slightly narrower than pronotum at base, and when viewed 
from above is broadly rounded in front, with a narrow, feebly im- 
pressed longtiudinal groove, extending from the epistoma to the 
vertex, but becoming obsolete on the occiput; front wide, with the 
sides more widely separated above than in front and feebly convex 
between the eyes; surface densely and rather coarsely granulose, 
coarsely, densely punctate, the punctures shallow and distinctly 
separated, and clothed with a few very short cinereous hairs; eyes 
elongate, more acutely rounded beneath than above, nearly flat and 
not projecting; epistoma flat and rather narrowly and deeply arcu- 
ately emarginate in front. Pronotvm moderately convex, one and 

45554 25—Proc.N.M.vol.65——23 


192 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 65 


one-half times as wide as long, apex and base about equal in width, 
widest at basal third; sides when viewed from above are feebly 
obliquely expanded from anterior margin to basal third, then 
abruptly constricted and parallel to the posterior angles, which are 
rectangular; anterior margin nearly truncate; base truncate to 
middle of elytron, then feebly oblique to the scutellum, in front of 
which it is truncate or feebly emarginate; surface with an obsolete 
transverse depression along the anterior margin, connected on each 
side to a broad depression at lateral margin, and then extending 
obliquely backward and connected to a broad transverse depression 
along the base, the surface rather coarsely and densely punctate, 
the punctures shallow, distinctly separated, and from the center 
of each arises a very short cinereous hair, the intervals rather 
coarsely and densely granulose. Scutellum subtriangular, truncate 
or feebly rounded in front, broadly rounded behind, and with the 
surface finely, densely granulose. Elytra moderately convex, slightly 
wider than pronotum at base; humeral angles obtusely angulated; 
sides strongly sinuate from humeral angles to middle, where they 
are broadly rounded and about equal in width to the base, then 
obliquely attenuate to the tips, which are conjointly broadly rounded 
and obsoletely serrulate; humeri well developed; each elytron with 
a broad and rather deep basal depression and without a lateral 
carina; surface with indistinct rows of shallow, irregularly placed 
stelliform punctures; intervals more or less rugose and clothed 
with a few short recumbent cinereous hairs. Abdomen beneath 
strongly convex, sparsely and coarsely punctate, the punctures shal- 
low, open posteriorly, equally distributed over the first two segments, 
but on the posterior three segments they are arranged along the 
posterior margin, and each puncture bearing a short recumbent 
cinereous hair; intervals finely and coarsely reticulate; last segment 
broadly rounded at apex, with the apical groove deep, and following 
the outline of the lateral margin but not extending to it. Pro- 
sternum finely and densely reticulate. Front and middle tibiae 
slightly arcuate, the posterior pair straight. 

Length, 3 mm.; width, 1 mm. 

This spevies was described by Chevrolat from the central part of 
Cuba from material in the collections of Gundlach, Poey, and 
Chevrolat, and he writes that the insect is found on a species of 
rushes. Gundlach (1891) records collecting it on one of the rushes 
(Juncus, species) at Cienago de Zapata, Cuba. 

The following Cuban material has been examined, and from which 
the above description was made. Coll. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist.: One 
specimen from Cuba, collected 7 kilometers north of Vinales, Sep- 
tember 16-24, 1913, by F. E. Lutz, the vegetation consisting of 
grasses and weeds (largely Solanum and Bidens) of pasture and 


ART. 9 WEST INDIAN BUPRESTIDAE—FISHER 193 


roadside in dry places. Coll. U. S. Nat. Mus.: One specimen received 
from S. C. Bruner labeled “ Nagua, Oriente,” collected July 7, 1922, 
by C. H. Ballou. No specimens of this species have been found in 
the Poey collection in Philadelphia, but Mr. Bruner reports that 
there is a single example labeled No. 1053 in the Gundlach Museum 
in Habana, but this specimen has not been examined by the writer. 


Genus LEIOPLEURA H. Deyrolle 


Leiopleura H. Deyroie, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg., vol. 8, 1864, p. 219.—KErRRE- 
MANS, Wytsman’s Gen. Insectorum, fase. 12, pt. 4, 1903, pp. 328-330. 
Head narrow, declivous in front, moderately convex behind, and 
with the front grooved; epistoma broadly emarginate in front, nar- 
row and elongate between the antennal cavities; antennal cavities 
large and nearly contiguous and extending almost to interior margin 
of the eyes. Antennae short and slender; first and second joints 
short and thick, the first slightly longer than the second; third to 
fifth elongate, very slender, and subequal in length to each other; 
the following joints abruptly dentate on the inner side, and armed 
with terminal poriferous fovea. Eyes moderately large, suboval, 
and parallel on the inner margin. Pronotum wider than long, nar- 
rower in front than behind; disk convex; sides impressed, with the 
margin sinuate or arcuate; base frequently depressed, strongly 
bisinuate, with a large median lobe. Scutellum large and triangu- 
lar. Elytra broad, strongly convex, often strongly impressed at the 
sides behind the humeri, strongly attenuate posteriorly to the apex, 
which is separately or conjointly rounded. Sternal cavity formed 
by the mesosternum and metasternum, the lateral branches of the 
former invisible. Metasternum broadly emarginate or truncate in 
front. Prosternum with a deep oblique groove at the sides for the 
insertion of the antennae while in repose; anterior margin some- 
times with a median lobe; prosternal process usually very broad, 
and broadly rounded at apex, and not constricted by the coxal cavi- 
ties. Middle coxae a little more widely separated than the anterior 
ones; posterior coxae dilated internally, narrowest at middle, and 
feebly dilated externally. Legs rather robust and not lodged in 
depressions beneath; femora feebly swollen; tibiae slender, sub- 
cylindrical and nearly straight, the anterior and median ones feebly 
arcuate; tarsi very short and the joints nearly subequal in length; 
tarsal claws dentate at base. Body elliptical or oval, more or less 
elongate, and very convex above. 
This genus was erected by Deyrolle and placed in his table for 
separating the genera of Malaysian 7’rachytes, without giving a 
further description, but in a footnote gives the following: “Type 


194 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol. 65 


due genre, Brachys concinna Gory, etc.” The species of this genus 
are very numerous, and their distribution has been confined to the 
warmer parts of Mexico, Central and South America, with the 
exception of one species, which has been described from the West 
Indies. 

LEIOPLEURA COMPACTILIS Chevrolat 


Leiopleura compactilis CurevoLtat, Ann. Soc. Ent. France, ser. 4, vol. 7, 
1867, p. 588 (separates p. 164) —GunpLacu, Contribucion 4 la Entom. 
Cuba, vol. 3, pt. 5, 1891, pp. 171-172, no. 862. 


The following is a translation of Chevrolat’s original description : 


Broad, short, and cupreous; head rounded, convex, green and 
deeply sulcate in its entire length; antennae black; eyes large, some- 
what oblong and luteous; thorax pale cupreous, distinctly punctu- 
late, attenuate anteriorly, straight, at vertex arcuate, within slightly 
margined and sulcate, posteriorly broader, broadly biarcuate, and 
truncate in front of scutellum, sides deflexed and rounded, the four 
angles shortly prominent; scutellum triangular and aeneous; elytra 
aureous (quadratical in form), parallel, margins reflexed, then 
toward the apex conjointly angularly and obtusely produced, at 
middle of the base transversely reflexed, beyond the middle semi- 
circularly elevated, and posteriorly transversely depressed, strongly 
and almost regularly punctate; body beneath and legs cupreous. 
Length, 3.5 mm.; width, 2 mm. Cuba, in the central region. Collec- 
tions of Gundlach and Poey. 

Gundlach (1891) records collecting it at Guamacaro, between Ma- 
tanzas and Cardenas, Cuba. 

The species is not represented in the Poey collection in Philadel- 
phia, but there is a single example labeled No. 862 in the Gundlach 


Museum in Habana, which has not been available for study. 
Genus PARADOMORPHUS Waterhouse 


Paradomorphus WATERHOUSE, Trans. Ent. Soc. London, 1887, p. 183; Biol. 
Centr. Amer. Coleopt., vol. 3, pt. 1, 1889, pp. 51-57—KERREMANS, 
Wytsman’s Gen. Insectorum, fase. 12, pt. 4, 1903, pp. 263-264. 

Head more or less tuberculate, front grooved; epistoma emarginate 
in front and strongly narrowed by the antennal cavities; antennal 
cavities large, elliptical, oblique and placed at some distance from the 
eyes; cheeks armed with a short, acute tooth. Antennae 11-jointed, 
not received in a groove in prosternum while at rest, moderately 
long, and serrate from the fourth or fifth joint, the serrate joints 

. armed with terminal poriferous foveae. Eyes rather large, oblong, 
strongly convex, parallel on the inner margin (sometimes a little 
more widely separated in front than on occiput). Pronotum more 
or less uneven; bisinuate in front, with the median lobe rounded; 
sides more or less sinuate and arcuate; base strongly bisinuate, with 
a distinct median lobe. Scutellum large, triangular, truncate in 
front and acuminate behind; surface transversely carinate. Elytra 


a ui a cs MB act as eS 








art. 9 WEST INDIAN BUPRESTIDAE—FISHER 195 


elongate, lobed at base, apex rounded or acuminate; humeri promi- 
nent. Sternal cavity formed by the metasternum, and mesosternum, 
the former arcuately emarginate in front. Mesosternum divided, 
the lateral branches short and scarcely visible. Prosternum wide in 
front, attenuate behind, and the anterior margin with a distinct lobe. 
Middle coxae not more widely separated than the anterior ones. 
Posterior coxae short, slightly dilated internally, narrowest at mid- 
dle, and strongly dilated anteriorly at the lateral margin. Abdomen 
not distinctly visible from above, first and second segments united. 
Legs slightly robust; femora fusiform, the anterior and median ones 
dentate on the inner margin; anterior and median tibiae feebly arcu- 
ate, the posterior ones straight; tarsi more or less elongate and com- 
pressed, the joints armed with distinct lamellae, first joint of pos- 
terior pair as long or longer than the following three joints united ; 
tarsal claws dentate, appendiculate or bifid. Body oblong, elongate, 
and slightly attenuate posteriorly. 

Waterhouse has erected this genus for Agrilus frontalis Castelnau 
and Gory, and allied species, which differ from Agrilus in having 
the basal joint of the posterior tarsi comparatively short, but this 
seems to be a variable character as intermediate forms exist, and in 
a large series of species the two genera will run together. Kerre- 
mans is his classification of this family has retained Paradomorphus 
as a valid genus for the species having the anterior and middle 
femora finely dentate on the inner margin. 

The species of this genus is widely distributed throughout Mexico, 
Central America, and the northern part of South America, but so 
far only one species has been found in the West Indies. 


PARADOMORPHUS ALBICOLLIS Waterhouse 


Paradomorphus albicollis WATERHOUSE, Trans. Ent. Soe. London, 1887, 
p. 184. : 

Elongate, broadly rounded in front, feebly attenuate behind, and 
only slightly narrower behind than in front, subopaque; head black, 
with bluish and cupreous reflections; pronotum entirely covered 
with a dense white tomentose, which conceals the surface sculpture ; 
elytra piceous, cyaneo-aeneous at base, more strongly aeneous at 
lateral sides near middle, and with strong cyaneous reflections pos- 
teriorly ; each elytron ornated with cinerous pubescence as follows: 
Three small irregular spots on the disk, the spots arranged in a 
straight line between the suture and longitudinal costa, the first 
rather obsolete just behind the scutellum, a larger one at basal third, 
and a similar one just behind the middle, there is also a narrow zig- 
zag fascia at apical third extending from the lateral margin slightly 
forward, then turning obliquely backward, and finally a little trans- 
verse, but not reaching the suture; there is also a broad white tomen- 


196 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 65 


tose fascia extending from suture to lateral margin and separated 
from apex by an narrow glabrous area; beneath piceous, with a pur- 
plish and aeneous reflection. 

Head feebly convex; with four round nodules, two on the occiput 
and two on the front, the anterior ones strongly cupreous, the front 
longitudinally grooved from occiput to epistoma; surface sparsely 
punctate, the punctures rather deep and becoming somewhat. con- 
fused behind the epistoma, the intervals nearly smooth; epistoma 
slightly wider than the antennal cavities and broadly arcuately 
emarginate in front. Antennae extending to about the middle of 
pronotum; first joint short and feebly arcuate; second feebly clavate, 
and slightly shorter than the first; third and fourth cylindrical, 
slightly shorter and more slender than the second, and subequal in 
length; following joints strongly triangular. Pronotum evenly con- 
vex, one and one-third times as wide as long at middle, slightly nar- 
rower in front than behind, widest at about middle; sides broadly, 
arcuately rounded; posterior angles nearly rectangular; anterior 
margin bisinuate, with a broadly rounded median lobe; base nearly 
truncate to elytral lobe, then turning obliquely backward, and 
broadly truncate in front of scutellum. Scutellum finely and densely 
granulose. Elytra about as wide as pronotum at base; sides feebly 
expanded behind humeral angles, which are obtusely rounded, feebly 
sinuate to behind middle, where they are broadly rounded, then ob- 
liquely attenuate to the tips, which are separately, broadly rounded, 
and finely dentate; humeri strongly elevated; surface broadly im- 
pressed at base, with an obsolete, irregular costa on each elytron, 
densely but not very deeply punctate, and strongly transversely 
rugose, besides the cinereous pubescent designs, the surface is also 
sparsely clothed with inconspicuous black hairs. Abdomen strongly 
convex, sparsely and finely punctate, the punctures shallow and con- 
nected transversely by shallow, sinuate striae, the striae and punc- 
tures much coarser at sides of basal segment and from each puncture 
arises a short recumbent hair, and with a conspicuous white tomen- 
tose spot on the sides of the third and fifth segments; intervals finely, 
obsoletely granulose; last segment broadly rounded at apex. Pros- 
ternum feebly, transversely rugose, and densely granulose; pros- 
ternal lobe broad, with the anterior margin broadly, arcuately emar- 
ginate, and broadly rounded on each side of the emargination ; pros- 
ternal process nearly flat, feebly attenuate posteriorly, and broadly 
rounded at.apex. Tarsal claws with a broad, obtuse tooth at base. 

Length, 8.5 mm.; width, 2.8 mm. 

This species was described from Jamaica by Waterhouse and is 
slightly larger (914 mm.) than the one examined by the writer. The 
above description was made from a specimen kindly loaned by the 
British Museum and simply labeled “ Jamaica.” 


ART. 9 WEST INDIAN BUPRESTIDAE—FISHER 197 


Genus AGRILUS Curtis 


Agrilus Curtis, British Entomology, vol. 2, 1825, No. 67.—STEPHENS, Illustr. 
British Ent., vol. 3, 1830, pp. 239-241, pl. 19, fig. 2—EscuscHotrz, Zool. 
Atlas, vol. 1, 1829, p. 9 (reprint, p. 8).—Sorier, Ann. Soc. Ent. France, 
ser. 1, vol. 2, 1833, pp. 300-303, pl. 12, fig. 24-—CasTELNAU and Gory, 
Mon. Bupr., vol. 2, 1838, pp. 1-70, pls. 1-15.—LacorparrE, Gen. Col., 
vol. 4, 1857, pp. 83-84.—Horn, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 18, 1891, 
pp. 277-336, pl. 8—KeERREMANS, Wytsman’s Gen. Insectorum, fase. 12, 
pt. 4, 1908, pp. 266-292. . 

Head vertical, and quite variable, grooved, flat, tuberculate or 
simply convex behind; epistoma emarginate in front and narrowed 
by the antennal cavities, cheeks unarmed or with an obtuse tooth on 
each side; antennal cavities rather large, oblique and prolonged into 
a groove in front and situated at some distance from the eyes. An- 
tennae variable, often short, and dentate from the fourth or fifth 
joint, and not inserted in a groove in the prosternum while in repose; 
first joint rather elongate and robust; second, third, and sometimes 
the fourth short and feebly clavate; the following joints triangular, 
dentate on the inner side, and armed with a terminal poriferous 
fovea. Eyes large, oval, parallel on the inner margin (sometimes a 
little more widely separated in front than on occiput). Pronotum 
wider than long, rather convex, broadly emarginate or bisinuate in 
front; sides more or less arcuate, with two distinct margins, the 
inner one abbreviated and joined to the outer one posteriorly; base 
bisinuate, with a broad median lobe, more or less truncate, rounded 
or emarginate in front of scutellum; surface with or without impres- 
sions, and sometimes with a distinct lateral carina near posterior 
angles. Scutellum broad, acute posteriorly, and sometimes trans- 
versely carinate. Elytra elongate, sinuate at base, with or without 
longitudinal costae; humeri prominent; sides sinuate, and often not 
covering the sides of the abdomen; apex very variable, sometimes 
expanded, acute, broadly rounded, or strongly dentate. Sternal 
cavity formed by the metasternum and mesosternum, the former 
arcuately emarginate in front. Mesosternum divided, the lateral 
branches very short. Prosternum wide, and more or less lobed in 
front; anterior margin truncate, rounded or emarginate; prosternal 
process broad, with the apex acute, truncate, rounded or expanded. 
Middle coxae not more widely separated than the anterior ones; pos- 
terior coxae short, slightly dilated internally, narrowest at middle, 
and strongly dilated anteriorly at the lateral margin. Abdomen 
sometimes visible from above. Legs slender; femora fusiform, not 
dentate on inner margin, and frequently more strongly swollen in the 
male than female; tibiae slender and subcylindrical, the anterior ones 
sometimes ciliate; tarsi long and slender, and the joints armed with 
distinct lamellae, first joint of posterior pair as long or longer than 


198 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL. 65 


the following three joints united ; tarsal claws bifid or dentate. Body 
elongate, feebly convex, broadly rounded in front, and acuminate 
behind. 

This is a very large genus containing over 1,000 described species 
which are distributed throughout the entire world, with the exception 
of the extreme northern parts. The species of this genus seem to be 
rare in the West Indies, as only two have been described from that 
region, and the specimens are extremely rare in collections. 

AGRILUS DOMINICANUS Thomson 
Agrilus dominicanus THomson, Typi Buprestidarum, 1878, pp. 88-89. 

Elongate, rather robust, broadly rounded in front, strongly attenu- 
ate behind, and distinctly wider in front than behind, olivaceous- 
green, with cupreous and purplish reflections in certain lights, the 
cupreous tinge more pronounced on the head and pronotum; be- 
neath aeneous, with a strong purplish tinge. 

Head broadly but not very deeply concave, the concavity deeper 
and narrower on the vertex, becoming broader on the front and ex- 
tending to the epistoma and transversely to the margin of the eyes, 
the margins parallel on the front and strongly constricted on the ver- 
tex; surface coarsely, irregularly rugose, becoming coarsely punctate 
on the occiput, with a narrow smooth carina along the margin of the 
eyes, rather densely clothed with moderately long, wide, recumbent 
fulvous hairs, having a tendency of forming denser spots on the 

front; intervals finely and densely granulose; epistoma wider than 
long, about two times as wide as the antennal cavities, separated from 
the front by a transverse arcuate carina, deeply and broadly arcu- 
ately emarginate in front, with the surface finely granulose; eyes 
feebly reniform, moderately convex, and two times as long as wide. 
Antennae extending to about the middle of pronotum, and serrate 
from the fourth joint. Pronotum rather evenly convex, one and one- 
third times as wide as long, about equal in width at base and apex, 
slightly narrower at basal fifth; sides nearly parallel, with a feeble 
sinuation near the base, and not explanate; lateral marginal edge 
sinuate when viewed from the side, and the two margins uniting 
near basal third; anterior margin arcuately emarginate, with a 
broadly rounded median lobe; base truncate to elytral lobe, then 
abruptly emarginate and turning obliquely backward to the scutel- 
lum, in front of which it is broadly truncate; posterior angles rec- 
tangular, with a rather broad, strongly sinuate carina extending to 
the apical angles; surface with a broad, moderately deep longitudinal 
median impression extending from the anterior margin to scutellum, 
and on the inner side of the lateral carina, a very sinuate impression 
extending from base to the anterior margin, the surface is also 
coarsely, transversely, and irregularly strigose; intervals finely and 
densely granulose, with a few fine punctures along the strigae, the 





ART. 9 WEST INDIAN BUPRESTIDAE—FISHER 199 


punctures becoming closer toward the sides, and sparsely clothed 
with a few inconspicuous fulvous hairs in the impressions. Scutel- 
tum very broad, with a sharply defined transverse carina, and the 
surface rather coarsely and densely granulose. Elytra slightly wider 
than pronotum at base, nearly parallel to basal fifth, feebly sinuate 
to behind middle, where they are broadly emarginate, then obliquely 
attenuate to the tips, which are separately broadly rounded, and 
strongly dentate, the teeth well separated; sides of abdomen nar- 
rowly visible from above; each elytron feebly flattened along sutural 
margin, rather broadly, deeply impressed at base, and with a dis- 
tinct sinuate and broadly rounded costa extending from the humeri 
to apex; humeri moderately elevated; surface densely, irregularly, 
but not very deeply punctate, somewhat rugose at the sides and basal 
region, and very sparsely clothed with short, inconspicuous fulvous 
hairs. Abdomen beneath strongly convex, rather densely punctate, 
the punctures rather shallow and widely separated at the middle, 
but becoming coarser and somewhat rugose at the sides; rather 
densely clothed with short, recumbent, cinereous and fulvous hairs, 
the hairs long and erect at the apex; intervals finely and densely 
granulose; first segment convex, not impressed nor more pubescent 
than rest of abdomen; last segment broadly rounded at apex; ver- 
tical portions of segments only sparsely pubescent; pygidium not 
carinate. Prosternum coarsely and rather densely punctate, sparsely 
clothed with recumbent cinereous hairs, and the intervals finely gran- 
ulose; prosternal lobe long, declivous and broadly arcuately rounded 
in front; prosternal process broad, flat, strongly expanded behind 
coxal cavities, then obliquely attenuate to the apex, which is rather 
broadly rounded. Posterior tarsi three-fourths as long as the tibiae; 
first joint as long as the following three joints united; anterior and 
middle tibiae slightly arcuate, with a feeble mucro at the inner apex, 
the posterior pair simple; tarsal claws divergent, with a small tooth 
at base, which is not turned inward. 

Length, 11.5 mm.; width, 3 mm. 

This species was described in a short description by Thomson from 
Santo Domingo and seems to be rare in collections. The only speci- 
men examined by the writer which agrees very well with Thomson’s 
description for this species, and from which the above description 
was made, is in the collection of the American Museum of Natural 
History at New York. This specimen was collected at Rio Seco, San 
Carlos Estate, Guantanamo, Cuba, on June 16, 1916, by Chas. T. 
Ramsden. There is a single example of this species in the British 
Museum which has not been examined by the writer. 

The species is closely allied to macer LeConte, from the United 
States, but differs from it in having the pronotum longitudinally 

45554—25— Proc.N.M.vol.65——24 


200 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 65 


impressed from base to anterior margin, disk more finely rugose and 
granulose, the lateral carina extending to the apical angles, and the 
prosternal process strongly expanded behind the coxal cavities. 


AGRILUS DENTICORNIS Chevrolat 


Agrilus denticornis CHEVROLAT, Ann. Soc. Ent. France, ser. 4, vol. 7, 1867, 
p. 586 (separates p. 162).—Gunpb3LacH, Contribucion 4 la Entom. Cuba, 
vol. 3, pt. 5, 1891, p. 170, No. 959. 


The following is a translation of Chevrolat’s original description: 


Form of Agrilus geminata Say, linear, granulose and dark vio- 
laceous; head densely punctate, vertex truncate, moderately convex 
and bronzy-green; frontal sulcus transversely impressed posteriorly, 
antennae attaining the base of thorax, slender and black, joints 5 
to 10 angulated (5 to 8 triangular) ; thorax just as wide as long, in 
front straight, disk arcuate, base exteriorly strongly sinuate, at 
sides arcuately dilated, with the margins deplanate, above deeply 
fossulate, disk longitudinally convex and densely transversely granu- 
lose; scutellum transversely reflexed ; elytra granulose, parallel, sepa- 
rately rounded, apex denticulate, base impressed, at humeri reflexed ; 
wings violaceous; legs slender and black; body beneath bright cupre- 
ous, densely and lightly punctate. Length, 4.5 mm.; width, 1 mm. 
ee from central part of the island. Collections of Gundlach and 

oey. 

This small species rather approaches by its form to our slender 
species from Europe. 

Gundlach (1891) records collecting in the Cienago de Zapata, Cuba. 
The species is not represented in the Poey collection in Philadelphia, 
but there is a single example labeled No. 959 in the Gundlach Museum 
in Habana, which has not been available for study. 


Genus MICRASTA Kerremans 


Micrasta KERREMANS, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg., vol. 37, 1893, p. 115; Wytsman’s 
Gen. Insectorum, fase. 12, pt. 4, 1903, pp. 333-334. 

Head feebly convex, with a feeble longitudinal groove; epistoma 
rather elongate and feebly emarginate in front; antennal cavities 
small, rounded and situated close to the inner margin of the eyes. 
Antennae short, glabrous, and dentate from the fourth joint; first 
and second joints thick, the first slightly longer than second; third 
small; the following joints triangular, (except sometimes the apical 
joint), dentate on the inner side, and armed with a terminal porif- 
erous fovea. Eyes moderately large, oval, feebly projecting, and 
parallel on the inner margin. Pronotum wider than long, strongly 
convex; anterior margin arcuately emarginate; sides arcuately 
rounded; base transversely truncate. Scutellum very small and sub- 
triangular. Elytra very convex, truncate, and transversely im- 
pressed at base; sides parallel in front and broadly rounded behind. 
Sternal cavity formed entirely by the metasternum, the mesosternum 


ArT. 9 WEST INDIAN BUPRESTIDAE—FISHER 201 


invisible. Metasternum broadly truncate in front. Prosternum 
wide and flat; anterior margin truncate; prosternal process rec- 
tangular and truncate at apex. Middle coxae not more widely sepa- 
rated than the anterior ones, the posterior pair nearly rectangular, 
feebly dilated internally and externally. Legs feebly robust and 
not contractile; femora feebly swollen at middle; tibiae slender, 
straight, and subcylindrical; tarsi very short; tarsal claws broadly 
toothed at base. Body oblong, subcylindrical, and equally rounded 
in front and behind. 

This genus was erected by Kerremans (1893) for a number of 
species from Brazil. Obenberger (1917) described two species from 
Guadeloupe, neither of which has been examined by the writer. 


MICRASTA GYLEKI Obenberger 


Micrasta gyleki OBENBERGER, Entomol. Blatter, vol. 13, 1917, p. 90. 


The following is a translation of Obenberger’s original descrip- 
tion: 


Habitat: Guadeloupe. 

Length : 2-2.7 mm. 

Beautiful golden-bronzy color. Head convex, the surface sha- 
greened, moderately, strongly, sparsely, somewhat finely striate, uni- 
formly punctate. Middle of front with a small, round impression. 
Eyes situated in the same curve with the front. Antennae long, 
filiform, black, and extending beyond the base of prothorax. 

The proportional length of the single joints: 

I.=8; wide, conical, about two times as long as the width at apex. 

Il.—2; like I, apical part broad, nearly spherical. 

III.=1; very short, about two times as slender as IT, and as long 

as wide. 

1V.=3; long, triangular, about two times as long as wide. 

V.=21,; as wide as the IV. 

VI.=2; as wide as the IV. 

VII.=Same as VI. 

VIII.=Same as VI. 
IX.=1%,4; long, fusiform. 

X.=Same as IX. 

XI.=2; long, acuminate. 

The prothorax one and one-half times as wide as long at the mid- 
dle; anterior margin feebly arcuately emarginate; sides expanded at 
apical third, anteriorly strongly rounded, and posteriorly very feebly 
arcuately narrowed; posterior angles acutely rectangular; laterally 
with a small, very sharp, acute, emarginate, marginal line; when 
viewed laterally this line is entire and straight; under this line there 
is a submarginal line, which is somewhat obliquely placed, inclined 
toward the hind angles and converging with the marginal line. The 
entire upper side of the prothorax is shagreened, sparsely, somewhat 
finely striate, moderately strongly punctured; some of the punctures 
are finely transversely confluent with each other. Base almost trun- 
cate, the posterior angles slightly produced outward. Scutellum 


202 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 65 


somewhat longer than wide, triangular, and shagreened. Elytra 
wide, moderately, strongly, obliquely convex, parallel to apical 
fourth, then broadly conjointly rounded, two times as long as wide, 
strongly shining and not shagreened, everywhere (nearly as strongly 
as on the prothorax) simply punctate. Legs bronzy, and the tarsi 
dark brown. 

This magnificent, charming little species, the first species of this 
genus from the Antilles, I have received from my highly honored 
friend and fellow traveler, Mr. Gylek, president of the Wiener 
Coleopt. Society. I beg leave to name this pretty, new species after 
my friend, who has always offered assistance in my studies with his 
entomological material. , 


MICRASTA PYGMAEOLA Obenberger 


Micrasta pygmaeola OBENBERGER, Entomol. Blatter, vol. 13, 1917, p. 91. 


The following is a translation of Obenberger’s original descrip- 
tion: 


Habit: Guadeloupe. 

Length: 2 mm. 

Head and prothorax blue, elytra of a golden-bronzy color, antennae 
and femora blackish, the tibiae and tarsi yellow. 

Head with a dimple-like depression in the middle, convex, smooth, 
shining, and not shagreened, everywhere sparsely, moderately, 
strongly, and simply punctate. Antennae long, reaching almost to 
the base of prothorax; each joint, beginning at the third, is serrate 
and expanded. Prothorax one and one-third times as wide as long, 
convex, and in front and at base evenly truncate; at the middle the 
sides are expanded, from there (at the front somewhat stronger than 
at the base) anteriorly and posteriorly arcuately narrowed. Above 
convex, shining, not shagreened, simply, moderately, densely, but not 
too strongly punctate, similar to that on the head, Elytra somewhat 
more than two times as long as wide, parallel, shining, densely, mod- 
erately, strongly, simply punctate, everywhere with feebly distinct, 
very short, whitish hairs (this pubescence not very distinct, and only 
visible with a very strong lens). Elytra parallel to the apical third, 
then broadly rounded to the tips, which are conjointly rounded. The 
dorsal part of the abdomen which is covered by the elytra is dark 
bronzy-green, otherwise the part is yellow. 

This pretty little species is separated from gyleki by the color, 
and the upper side not shagreened, the color of the tarsi, the different 
form of the prothorax, etc. 


Genus MASTOGENIUS Solier 


Mastogenius Sour, Gay’s Hist. Nat. Chile, Zool., vol. 4, 1851, pp. 507-508.— 
LAcorDAIRE, Gen. Col., vol. 4, 1857, p. 85.—KERREMANS, Wytsman’s 
Gen. Insectorum, fase. 12, pt. 4, 19038, pp. 332-338. 

Haplostethus LeConte, Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., new ser., vol. 11, 1859, 
pp. 253-254. 


Head regularly convex, with or without a feeble longitudinal 
groove; epistoma moderately wide between the antennal cavities and 





ART. 9 WEST INDIAN BUPRESTIDAE—FISHER 203 


arcuately emarginate in front; antennal cavities large, triangular, 
and extending to the inner margin of the eyes. Antennae rather 
long, and dentate from the fourth joint; first and second joints 
thick, the first slightly longer than the second, which is globular; 
third elongate and more slender than the second; the following joints 
elongate, triangular, wider in front, dentate on the inner side, and 
armed with a terminal poriferous fovea. Eyes rather large, oval, 
partially covered by the pronotum, a little oblique, and slightly 
closer together on the occiput than at the bottom of front. Prono- 
tum wider than long, convex; anterior margin arcuately emarginate: 
sides arcuately rounded, with a lateral carina parallel to the anterior 
margin, which is not visible from above; base transversely truncate. 
Scutellum small and feebly triangular. Elytra convex, truncate, 
and transversely impressed at base; sides nearly parallel in front, 
and broadly rounded behind. Sternal cavity formed entirely by the 
metasternum, the mesosternum invisible. Metasternum broad and 
nearly truncate in front. Prosternum wide, convex at middle; an- 
terior margin truncate or arcuately emarginate; prosternal process 
rectangular and truncate at apex. Middle coxae not more widely 
separated than the anterior ones, the posterior pair nearly contig- 
uous, and the sides parallel and scarcely dilated internally. Legs 
only feebly robust and not contractile; femora slightly swollen at 
middle; tibiae slender and cylindrical; tarsi very short; tarsal claws 
broadly toothed at base. Body oblong, subcylindrical, and equally 
rounded in front and behind. 

This genus contains a small number of species which are dis- 
tributed from the United States to South America, and so far only 
one has been recorded from the West Indies. 


MASTOGENIUS UNIFORMIS Waterhouse 


Mastogenius uniformis WaAtTEeRHoUSsE, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6, 
vol. 18, 1896, pp. 105-106. 


The following is a copy of Waterhouse’s original description: 


Aureo-aeneous, convexus, sat nitidus, subtiliter punctulatus; capite convexa, 
fronte vix canaliculata ; thorace lateribus leviter arcuatis, basi truncato; elytris 
subparallelis, apice arcuatim attenuatis; antennis pedibusque fere nigris, tarsis 
brevibus flavescentibus. 

Long. 2 mill. 

Hab. Mount Gay Estate (Leeward side), Grenada, W. I. (H. H. Smith). I 
do not know of any Buprestid quite of this form; it reminds me somewhat of 
Aurigena in its outline, but has the thorax rather broader and more convex. 
The surface, when examined with the microscope, has somewhat the appear- 
ance of leather. Head convex, finely and not very closely punctured, with a 
slight median impressed line; below with a groove bordering the eye for the 
reception of the basal joints of the antennae, the groove continued on the 
sternum, but becoming gradually narrower and terminating about halfway 
between the front margin and the coxae. Antennae as long as the head and 
thorax together, the two basal joints moderately stout, the third joint rather 
slender, the following joints triangular, the terminal joint elliptical. Thorax 
transverse, convex, almost rectilinear at the base, not much narrowed at the 


904 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 65 


base, arcuately rounded at the sides; finely and not very closely punctured. 
Scutellum rather small, curvilinear. Elytra at base not quite as broad as 
the broadest part of the thorax, about three times as long as the thorax, with 
a very slight transverse impression at the base, without other impressions; the 
punctuation irregular, fine but distinct, the punctures moderately separated 
from each other. Underside sculptured as above. Front and intermediate 
eoxae rather widely separated. The prosternal process broad, flat, parallel, 
truncate posteriorly, and fitting close to the metasternum, the process bordered 
on each side by a distinct but fine line, the lines diverging slightly as they 
approach the anterior margin of the prosternum; with a few large shallow 
punctures. Abdomen with no division between the first and second segments, 
together about half the length of the abdomen, the third and fourth short, fifth 
semicircular. Tarsi short, the first joint scarcely longer than the second. Claws 
dilated at the base, the dilation appearing in some positions like a large tri- 
angular tooth. 


From the foregoing description it will be seen that this species 
differs from the typical species of Afastogenius in having a groove in 
the sternum for a portion of the antennae, and in having the basal 
joint of the tarsi short, ete. 

My first impression was that it must be made the type of a new 
genus; but an examination of some allied forms has convinced me 
that this would be premature. 

The type of this species is in the British Museum, and has not 
been examined by the writer. 


CORRECTIONS 


In my paper on The Leaf and Twig Mining Buprestid Beetles 
of Mexico and Central America ”’ the following errors have occurred : 
Page 6: The paragraph beginning with line 29 should be placed 
under the genus Pachyschelus, just before the key to the species on 

page 7. 

Page 73: The first six lines in the key to the species of Lezopleura 
should read as follows: 

5. Narrow species, more than two times as long as wide; pronotum with a deep 
depression near posterior angles, where the surface is obsoletely rugose, 
the sides; distinctly mareined=— = Eee minuta Kerremans. 

Broader species, not two times as long as wide; pronotum without a deep 
depression near posterior angles, where the surface is strongly rugose, the 
sides <obsoletelyz;marcined ]- 29222" 2. eee nigra Waterhouse 





27 Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 62, 1922, Art. 8. 





INDEX 


The following index includes all the genera and species treated in this paper. 
Valid genera are in bold face type; valid species in Roman; and synonyms in 


italics. 
Page 
Acantha Castelnau and Gory--_- 78 
Acmaeodera Eschscholtz__-___-_- 28 
Actenodes Lacordaire_--__------ 83 
acuminata (De Geer). Melano- 
| OC 7 ae er pe cage li 173 
acuta (Gmelin). Melanophila__ 173 
adulans Casey. Buprestis- - --- 151 
aemula Casey. Buprestis__----- 151 


aeneocollis Fisher. Taphrocerus’ 188 
aeneocupreus Fisher. Taphro- 


COnustea ee ete oe tS tne 190 
affinis Casey. Buprestis-—------ 151 
Aglaostola Saunders__________-_ 165 
Agrilusi@urtise = s= 525-65. ee= 197 
albicollis Waterhouse. Para- 

Gomorphugese= == ees ee 195 
albonotata (Castelnau and 

Gory) sea Clnyira eee ee 142 
amabilis (Herbst). Chrysobo- 

CENTS Ss aes age as a 123 
amethystipes Castelnau and Gory. 

Bsilopteraese ese aa ee 54 
Ancylochira Eschscholtz - - -- ~~~ 143 
angulosa Jacquelin Duval. Poly- 

COS bares Hee ees een fe eh 20 
DNC HGS LEG ype ISS See 143 
Anthaxia Eschscholtz_________- 167 
antillarum Fisher. Chrysobo- 

GIT 1S eee enn een eee oS eee 101 
Apatura Castelnau and Gory_._._ 170 
appendiculata (Fabricius). 

Melanophila 2225222 = 2205 173 
apricans Herbst. Buprestis___._ 147 
atropurpureus (Say). Melano- 

POE ee ae Be se ann AE yn 173 
aulica (Dejean). Psiloptera___- 51 
aurata Saunders. Psiloptera___ 56 
aureomicans (Nonfried). Hil- 

SURO GES Seeteas he Neen ere oy ee TE 70 
aurichalcea Melsheimer.  Di- 

CORO SS Se Re ees Se eee 132 
aurifer (Olivier). Psiloptera_ __ 54 
aurifera Castelnau and Gory. 

Psilopteran seas _ = eae ses £ 56 
aurifera (Fabricius). Psiloptera 54 
auriguttata (Sturm). Actenodes 88 
auronotata (Castelnau and 

Gory). -Actenodes--_----_---- 88 
auronoto (Castelnau and Gory). 

WNCTCNOG CSM ee ne en eee 90 
aurulenta Linnaeus. Buprestis_ 151 
bahamica Fisher. Psiloptera___ 60 
bella Fisher. Chrysobothris__.. 106 
bella LeConte. Actenodes_-_-—-_- 88 
bellula Dejean. Actenodes-_-_-__- 88 
bellula Mannerheim. Actenodes 87 
bifoveata Fisher. Anthaxia____ 168 


bosct (Castelnau and Gory). 
Buprestis: 72s eye 
Brachys Solier {ss s5 2 ee 
Buprestis” Linnaeus22—— 
calearata Chevrolat. Actenodes 
carolinensis Wickham. Gyascu- 
CUS r ee ee ave epeen nn eeee Pete 
Chalcophora Solier____________ 
chalcoptera (Jacquelin Duval). 
Pilarotestt see o/s epee poe 
chalybeitarsis Chevrolat. Acte- 
MOGs hee saat ee ee a. 
characteristica (Harris). Chry- 
SODOCIMIS Mana mes swe mee et aaa 
chevrolati (Kerrmans). Neotra- 
CHI Sin Seen ett Beers eran nL 
chevrolati Thomson. Poly- 


Chrysesthes Solier____________ 
Chrysobothris Eschscholtz______ 
Chrysobotris Eschscholtz_-___-_-__- 
chrysomelina Thomson. Tetra- 

PONOSCHEMAS sss es aaa ee 
Cinyra Castelnau and Gory_-_-_- 
compactilis Chevrolat. Leiop- 


confusa Fisher. Acmaeodera_-_ 
contigqua Kerremans. Acmaeo- 


corusca (Fabricius). Aglaostola_ 
costulifera Chevrolat. Cinyra_ 
Cratomerus Soliek "= = eos 
cribrata Thomson. Polycesta_- 
cribripennis Casey. Buprestis-- 
cruenta (Olivier). Acmaeodera_ 
cubae Chevrolat. Polycesta___ 
cubaecola Fall. Acmaeodera__-__ 
cubaecola Jacquelin Duval. 

Acmacod eras s— sae esas 
cubaecola Wickham. Acmaeo- 


cubensis Fisher. Buprestis__-_- 
cupreomaculatus (Goeze). Chal- 

Cophoras e522 eens oie oe 
cyanipes (Fabricius). Poly- 


cyanura Chevrolat. Actenodes_ 
CynijaSaund erste eee 
decipiens Fisher. Buprestis__ 
decora Fabricius. Buprestis__- 
deficiens Casey. Buprestis____- 
denticollis Gory. Chrysoboth- 


denticornis Chevrolat. Agrilus_ 
denticulata Castelnau and Gory. 


Chrysobouhrisueee tea. 


Page 


147 
179 
143 

84 


60 
74 


73 


157 
76 


85 
136 
158 
148 
145 


96 
200 


206 


dentipes (Germar). Chryso- 
bothriss.30% 2 e~ ee eee ees 
depressa Castelnau and Gory. 
Polycéstas. tee toss $ eo eee ey 


depressa (Linnaeus). Poly- 
COSUR fee oS, ey = 
depressa (Olivier). Polycesta__- 


Diana Castelnau and Gory---- 
Dicerca Eschscholtz_________-- 
divaricata (Say). Dicerca____- 
dominicanus Thomson. Agrilus_ 
dubia Melsheimer. Dicerca_-_- 
elegans Fisher. Mixochlorus-_-- 
elegans Fisher. Taphrocerus_-_-_ 
erythropus (Gory). Halecia__-_ 
Euchroma Solier______-------- 
excavata Kerremans. Polycesta_ 
excavata (Olivier). Chrysoboth- 

NER ase cae ee ee 
fabulosa Casey. Buprestis__-_-- 
fasciata Fabricius. Buprestis_- 


flavomarginata (Gray). Ac- 
MACOUMErA seas ae es wee ae 
fortunata Casey. Buprestis-__--- 


fraterna Mannerheim. Chryso- 

bothrist esse ys oe eee 
fulgens Casey. Buprestis_-_---- 
fulgida (Olivier). Psiloptera___ 
fulminata (Schénherr). Acten- 

Od ese Hrs ee Sa ee nner 
fusiformis Casey. Buprestis__-- 
gigantea Fleutiaux and Sallé. 

uehromMsas <7 oa = amare ee 
goryi Saunders. Polycesta_--_- 
gossei Waterhouse. Polycesta_ 
guadeloupensis (Fleutiaux and 

Sallé). Neotrachys______--- 
guildini Castelnau and Gory. 

Psiloptersa sere eo ee at ee 
gundlachi Fisher. Acmaeodera 
gyleki Obenberger. Micrasta_- 
Halecia Castelnau and Gory__-_- 
Haplostethus LeConte_-__------ 
harperi Sharp. Euchroma__-_-_- 
hilaris LeConte. Dicerca - ---- 
Hilarotes Thomson-_-_-__-__----- 


hispaniolae Fisher. Chryso- 
bothris? eens Sates ee ee 
humboldti (Castelnau and 
Gory). Chalcophora-_-----_- 
immaculata Mannerheim. Me- 
Tang pinta ee eee ee ee 
impressa (Fabricius 1787). 
Chrysobothrisa=s aaa 
impressa (Olivier). | Chryso- 
bophris=e8= =o yt wser Se ee 
inaequalis (Mannerheim). Hi- 
FAT O GES Ow te ee ee eee eae eee 
inconstans Melsheimer. Bu- 
IDTCS UG ere eer tena pee ee 
insulana Fisher. Chrysobothris 


jamaicensis Fisher. Acmaeodera 
jamaicensis Fisher. Actenodes 
jamaicensis Fisher. Chryso- 

OCR oe tee oer erage oes 
jgamaicensis Fisher. Psiloptera_ 
jamaicensis White. Polycesta_- 


INDEX 
Page 
karakera Chevrolat. Polycesta 
103 | laesicollis Chevrolat. Taphro- 
GCOPUB st 5 2 eesti Nee 
12 | Lampetis Dejean_____________- 
lanieri (Chevrolat). Chryses- 
25 THOS. 2 soe. A eee 
23 | lateralis Waterhouse. Mixo- 
170 Ghlorus:: 2: <.c94-c. opus ee 
129 | lauta (LeConte). Buprestis___- 
132 | Leiopleura H. Deyrolle_______-_ 
198 | lepida Castelnau and Gory. 
132 Chrysovothtis.: 2-4 
161 | lepida Gundlach. Chrysoboth- 
187 PIS = SSE 
81 | leporina Casey. Buprestis_____ 
GL"; Beptia Dejear=tes alee ee eee 
20 | lherminiert Chevrolat. Bupres- 
tig) ES Peas See ee 
96 | lineata Fabricius. Buprestis___ 
151 | longipes (Say). Melanophila__ 
154 | luteosignata Mannerheim. Me- 
lanophila=c 4-42 eee 
36 | maculativentris Say. Buprestis 
154 | maculipennis Gory. Buprestis_ 
maculiventris Gemminger and 
96 Harold. Buprestis: __..._-- 
154 | manca LeConte. Dicerca_--_ -- 
49 | mannerheimi (Mannerheim). 
Hilarotes2 20s UR Se eae 
85 | manni Fisher. Polycesta___-__- 
145 | marginenotata Chevrolat. Ac- 
MACOdEraL =e eee ee 
62 | marmorata (Castelnau and 
12 Gory): --Aectenodes=>:> 2 Ye" 
16 | Mastogenius Solier____________ 
maura (Castelnau and Gory). 
178 Buprestis=- 4-22-2282 seer es 
megacephala Castelnau and 
50 Gory. Chrysobothris-__----- 
45 | Melanophila Eschscholtz_______ 
201 | Micrasta Kerremans __---___-- 
78 | minuta Kerremans. Leiopleura_ 
202 | Mixochlorus Waterhouse__--__- 
62 | montezuma Castelnau and 
130 Gory... Polycesta__-0 2222-2 
69 meri (Fabricius). Melanoph- 
Ug eee see eee 
121 | multipunctata (Oliver).  Cin- 
Ta ee, a a = a 
76 | Nemaphorus Solier____-------- 
Neotrachys Obenberger-------- 
173 | nigra Waterhouse. Leiopleura_ 
nigricornis Sturm. Buprestis_- 
96 | nitidicollis (Castelnau and 
Gory)... sHilarotest: = ==. 4425 
94 | nobilis Fabricius. Actenodes___ 
notata (Castelnau and Gory). 
72 Meldnophila.co25: saseeee 
novaeboracensis Fitch. Chalco- 
145 DHOLA= 2h ee eet 
125 | nupta Casey. Buprestis_------ 
32 | obscura Casey. Buprestis__---- 
90 | octosignata Waterhouse. Chry- 
SODOUDTISE 245 p55 284 ee 
128 | Odontomus Kirby _—.---------- 
53 | olivieri Waterhouse. Polycesta_ 
9 ' opaca LeConte. Melanophile_ - 


Page 
25 


183 
47 


67 
160 
151 
193 
110 


119 
145 


78, 136 


154 
152 
173 
171 
155 
145 


155 
130 


72 
17 


34 


84 
202 


155 
112 





Oxy nterusearbyaeene eee 
Pachypyga Steinheil____-_-__--- 
Pachyschelus Solier__________- 
Paracinyra Hisher 22222 sa ee 
Paradomorphus Waterhouse --- 
parumpunctata Melsheimer. Di- 


parvofoveata Fisher. Chryso- 
bo Ghinis ieee sates eS 
pecchioliit (Castelnau and Gory). 
Melanophilas==s 22 ies cs ae 


Pelecopselaphus Solier_______- 
perfecta Kerremans. Polycesta_ 
Peronaemis Waterhouse-_------ 
planata Castelnau and Gory. 

Chrysobothriss.- 2-2. on. 
plicata Dejean. Chrysobothris_ 
Polycestajsollens == eee 2 ae 
poreata (Fabricius). Polycesta_ 
porcata (Herbst). Polycesta__ 
posticalis Castelnau and Gory. 

Chrysobothnissse-55—5- = 
Prinophora Dejean____-_------- 
ristupterda Dejeane so 2- 22282 22 
prospera Casey. Buprestis_--_- 
prozima Waterhouse. Acmaeo- 

Gena mye eee ee Me ase ae 
Psilopteransolierses 2 sone 
pulcherrima Jacquelin Duval. 

ACMmaAcOd eran se Bee ee eee 
pulchra Castelnau and Gory. 

Chrysobotnrisl= soos 


pygmaeola Obenberger. Mi- 
CrAStam meee ioe ee ee cee 
pyropus Kerremans. Halecia_- 
quadrata (Buquet). Tetrago- 
MOSCHEMVa swe a Senet wa 
quadricolor Chevrolat. Hale- 
CL ee ary fen rene ee ine Se 
quadrimaculata (Fabricius). 
@hrysobothriss = 2254 
radians (LeConte). Buprestis_ 


reducta Casey. Buprestis-_-_--_- 
regularis Castelnau and Gory. 
FACtenOdestea es eeru meee 


regularis Waterhouse.  Poly- 
ES ene eta Mae MUSE AS ed 
resplendens ‘Thomson. Poly- 
COS UAE Beare: Nair ease See 2 3 
rotundicollis Castelnau and 


Gory. Chrysobothris__-_--- 


ruficornis (Sturm). Chrysobo- 
GITISSe eee ee eer oo 
rugosa Mannerheim. Chryso- 
bothrisi ae aes Dae 
saturata Casey. Buprestis___- 
Scripta Casey. Buprestis__-__- 


sexfasciata Schaeffer. Chryso- 
bothristeeyess 522 ee woe 
sexmaculata Herbst. Buprestis_ 
sexnotata (Castelnau and Gory). 
IBUpPRestisaes jeers- eee ae 
eculeviore (LeConte). Bupres- 
LS Rees ani fete aed Bealls 
sexpunctata (Fabricius). Chry- 
SODOUMTISMe ere a ete aw 


INDEX 
Page 

170 | signata Beaudet Lafarge. Ac- 
175 Leno desé esas vom tee ae, ae 
204 | sobrina Mannerheim.  <Acte- 
133 NOGES ee I Ra ey EN Ee Oe 
194 | soliert Thomson. Polycesta__ 
splendens (Voet). Chrysobo- 
132, GTA Se eee eee ae 
ISLET US) IST yee la ee re 
116 | straba Chevrolat. Psiloptera_ 
striata Fabricius. Buprestis___ 
173 | strictus (Linnaeus). Pelecopsela- 
64 POS eames. Bee re eal eer es ie 
16 | subcylindrica Fisher. Acmaeo- 
162 CLOTS aX shee is heal re ee PU 
subglaber Fisher. Taphrocerus 
103 | subsinuata Gory. Anthaxia__ 
103 | sulcicollis Chevrolat. Cinyra_ 
6 | suturalis Waterhouse. Mixo- 
19 chiorusts sis see pe tas 
25 | tacomae Casey. Buprestis____ 
Taphrocerus Solier___________ 
103 | tenuis Fisher. Taphrocerus_- 
78 | tereticollis (Pallas). Aglaostola 
78 | Tetragonoschema Thomas-___-__ 
151 | thomae Chevrolat. Polycesta_ 
thomae Fisher. Brachys_--_--- 
36 | thomae Kerremans. Chryso- 
47 bothrise 2 kc se ale 
thoracica (Fabricius). Chryso- 
42 otis sae se = meaner nee 
thoracicus Waterhouse.  Pero- 
107 TNE TINTS Sy Se a Nay seer a eo 
timidus Chevrolat. Taphro- 
202 COLUS! Blin 6 eee ee pan 2 
82 | torquata (Dalman). Psiloptera 
irachypients shun by a ese eee 
L7iGyeErachys, Habricius. 42s. se 
tranquebarica (Gmelin). Chry- 
80 SODOCHTISH eee see bee 
tuberculata Castelnau and 
108 Gonyy pWicerc aes ane 
151 | tumida  Chevrolat. Chryso- 
145 DOGS Meret ee ES Be eee 
uniformis Waterhouse. Mas- 
84 TOPeHIUSH 2 eee MMe es oat l2 
variolosa (Fabricius). Psilop- 
14 UOTE sep eee pi ween IRE ance 
velasco Wickham. Polycesta__ 
9 | venusta Casey. Buprestis____- 
verecunda Chevrolat. Halecia_ 
104 | villosa (LeConte). Buprestis__ 
virginica (Gmelin). Chaleop- 
104 HO Tae alae Lega yates Dae es 
virginiensis (Drury). Chal- 
96 COPNOTA Me nce oies peeten nes 
154 | viridiaurea (Schoénherr). Psilop- 
145 CLAS sD eis eee a tem ee ode 
viridifasciata Chevrolat. Ac- 
127 TEN OGES ie se ee ye 
154 | viridimaculata Fisher. Para- 
Clny Tate rsa Baers We ers 
155 | wickhami Fisher. Acmaeodera. 
wolcotti Fisher. Chrysobo- 
154 CHPIS Sybian eh ea oe 
wurtembergi Mannerheim. Psil- 
94 OP UCT AM erate ese ees ay Lt 


207 
Page 
85 


87 
12 


94 
129 


149 
65 
30 

185 

169 

137 

160 

151 

182 

184 

166 

175 

180 

118 

123 

163 

191 


170 
177 


96 
130 


134 
44 


119 





STUDIES ON LARVAE OF CRABS OF THE FAMILY 
GRAPSIDAE. 


By O. W. Hyman, 


Of the College of Medicine, University of Tennessee. 


INTRODUCTION. 


The material on which the original descriptions and drawings 
of this paper are based was collected at Beaufort, N. C., during the 
summers from 1916 to 1922. The egg-laden females were kept in 
crystallization dishes until their eggs hatched. The young zoeas 
were then drawn with the aid of a camera lucida. They were kept 
under observation until they died within a few days. The writer 
acknowledges his indebtedness to Dr. Waldo L. Schmitt, of the 
United States National Museum, for his generous help in preparing 
the material for publication. 


THE GRAPSID ZOEA. 


The only zoeas of this family that have been described thus far 
are remarkably uniform in structure.1 A zoea of Cyclograpsus is 
mentioned by Bate and Power but neither a description nor a figure 
is given. A young form is said to have been described by Cavolini 
but the writer has not been able to consult the paper. The zoeas 
referred to below are those of Sesarma, Planes, and Pachygrapsus. 
These are characterised by the absence of the lateral spines of the 
carapace and the equal lengths of the antennae and frontal spine. 
They are very similar to the zoeas of the Ocypodidae from which 
they may be distinguished by the comparative length of the antennae. 
These are only two thirds as long as the rostral spine in the 
Ocypodidae. 





1 Cano describes zoeas that are assigned to Plagusia, to Huchirograpsus, and to Planes 
(Nautilograpsus). He did not secure those of Plagusia or Euchirograpsus directly from 
the female and is somewhat doubtful in assigning them. His figures of Planes differ so 
entirely from those of the writer that the two can not be referred to the same species— 
probably not to the same genus. As the writer secured his zoeas by hatching frem a 
single female in solitary confinement there can be no doubt that they are in truth the 
larvae of Planes. 

The larvae described by Cano for Plagusia, Euchirograpsus, and Planes resemble each 
other closely in the structure of the telson. Those of Huchirograpsus and Planes possess 
well developed lateral spines on the carapace. The larva assigned to Plagusia does not 
possess carapace spines. It is highly probable that these larvae should be assigned to 
another family altogether. 


No. 2523.—PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM, VOL. 65, ART. 10. 
1 


2 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 65 
KEY TO KNOWN ZOBAS. 


a.’ Exopodite of antenna a well-formed segment with several hairs. 
bd. Basipodites of both first and second maxillipeds with pigment 
Spotss 2h vb SE be. So see eee Sesarma cinerea. 

bd.” Basipodite of second maxilliped only with pigment spot, 

Sesarma reticulata. 

a.” Expodite of antenna reduced to a tubercle with a single hair. 
02 Hyes) arse 22 282 ee ee ee ee eee Planes minutus. 
Oo yes Small ee aoe Pachygrapsus marmoratus. 


PIGMENTATION. 


The color of the pigment in each case is black in the contracted 
condition and varies from black to reddish-brown to yellow in 
expansion. 


P. minutus. S. cinerea. S. reticulata. 


ANTERIOR ROSUT Als Sees ee a eee ce eee 
Imterorbitalia si 5°. Pee Oe Sia Tee 
SIRICACALOIAC. -1-g9eh AR Re es pee re 
DUDCALCING = oe ee ee a en == 
Hateral toistomach#t: “wes_ 3 reife Teer - 
Lateral to first abdominal segment_-_______- + 
IPOStenO-ViEDIULA LOD re 5 = a2 es see See ee ee 
“ 
a 


++ 
++ 
+++ 





+ 

oe 
ATI GCNIN A 22s Soe Se ee we nnn SS eee ees Nein peripeganngee fete ny ace ee 
Vets lil ur 2 pe Seat ee ee gale eee Cee 5 neal) te ee =fen cso) eye ee Se arene 
Basipodite first maxilliped___________-_-_-- | + 
Basipodite second maxilliped___-_-__---_--- + 
Dorso-lateral first abdominal segment______-_ 
Ventral first abdominal segment_-_________- | 
Ventro-lateral second abdominal segment ____ 
Ventro-lateral third abdominal segment___-_- 
Ventro-lateral fourth abdominal segment_--- 
Ventro-lateral fifth abdominal segment_____-_ 
Tel s@ naj g262 fe Ba cee ee Bs a ees on ei oe 


+4+4++4+4+++4+ 











METAMORPHOSIS. 


The metamorphosis of the family seems to follow the usual brach- 
yuran formula. There are at least three zoeal stages and there are 
probably five. Two megalops stages are described. Cano has de- 
scribed the development of Pachygrapsus marmoratus up to the early 


crab stage. 
PACHYGRAPSUS MARMORATUS (Fabricius). 


The development of this form has been described by Cano (1891). 
He gives a series of figures that show more details than the descrip- 
tion. Cano did not secure his stages by observed molting of known 
stages and seems to have missed some of the zoeal stages entirely. 
The zoea seems to resemble that of Planes very closely indeed and it 
is difficult to distinguish them certainly from the description pub- 
lished. Cano did not describe the pigmentation and thus one useful 





a RN ee a rl in al ill aE a eS Ae Se ee 


ote cat 


art. 10 LARVAE OF GRAPSID CRABS—HYMAN, 3 


method of distinguishing closely related forms is not now available. 
The eyes of Planes are relatively very large and its pigmentation 
unusually heavy. The eyes of Pachygrapsus are much smaller. 


FIRST ZOEA (fig. 21). 


Cephalothorax.—The dorsal and rostral spines are short and stout. 
Both pass outward perpendicularly to the long axis of the body. 
Cephalic appendages: The antennule (fig. 27) is a single segment 
and carries sensory hairs and a seta. The antenna (fig. 27) is in 
the form of a strong spike that carries an extremely minute exopodite. 
The spike is hairy near its tip. The other cephalic appendages (figs. 
33 and 37) have the usual brachyuran form. 

Thoracic appendages.—These have the usual brachyuran form. 
The first and second maxillipeds carry four swimming hairs. 

Abdomen.—The telson (fig. 55) is bicornuate and its horns pass 
backward almost parallel with each other. There are three spines 
on the median surface of each cornu. The lateral surface is smooth 


and does not show a spine. 
SECOND ZOEA, 


The second zoea is not known. The form described by Cano as 
the second zoea is doubtless the third stage. 


THIRD ZOBA (fig. 22). 


The second zoeal stage represented by Cano is probably the third 
zoeal stage. Cano shows only four swimming hairs on the maxil- 
lipeds, but this probably was due to error. They probably had as 
many as seven or eight hairs. The fact that the scaphognathite is 
well developed (fig. 88) indicates that the stage is advanced beyond 
the second zoeal. A more careful examination of this stage probably 
would show the anlagen of the endopodites of the antennae and of the 
abdominal appendages. 

FOURTH ZOEA, 
The fourth zoeal stage seems to have been overlooked by Cano. 


FIFTH zona (fig. 23). 


The third stage described by Cano shows the condition character- 
istic of the last zoeal stage. This is the fifth stage in the Xanthidae 
and Ocypodidae. There are eleven or twelve swimming hairs, the 
mandible shows a palp, and the thoracic appendages are fully articu- 
lated. 

Cephalic appendages.—The antennule (fig. 28) shows a base of 
three segments and, distally, an endopodite of four segments each 
bearing two or three sensory hairs and an unsegmented smooth 
exopodite. The coxal segment is enlarged for the statocyst. 


4 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 65 


The antenna (fig. 28) shows a finger-like bud, the endopodite, the 
anlage of the future flagellum. 

The mandible (fig. 31) bears an unsegmented smooth palp. 

The maxillule (fig. 34) shows the solitary epipodital hair on the 
basipodite. The appendage now reaches its greatest differentiation. 
Its palp is composed of two segments, and it carries seven or eight 
long hairs. 

The maxilla (fig. 89) also reaches its greatest differentiation. Its 
palp carries six to nine hairs. 

Thoracie appendages——The first and second maxillipeds show 
twelve and eleven swimming hairs respectively. The third maxil- 
liped does not have hairs and is rudimentary, but all of its segments 
are differentiated. 

The periopods are rudimentary, although all of their segments are 
differentiated. The first bears two gills, the second and the third 
one each. 

Abdomen.—tThe third, fourth, and fifth segments bear short lateral 
spines on their posterior margins. The sixth segment is separated 
from the telson. All the segments except the first carry bifurcated 
appendages. These are smooth as yet. 


FIRST MEGALOPS (fig. 24). 


Cephalothorax.—The body has the usual shape of a brachyuran 
megalops. The dorsal spine has disappeared without leaving a trace. 
The frontal spine is reduced in size but still prominent. The perio- 
pods are well developed. 

Cephalic appendages.—The antennules and antennae are not de- 
scribed by Cano by word or drawing. The mandibular palp (fig. 
42) shows three segments and carries sensory hairs. The maxillule 
(fig. 85) is considerably altered. Its palp has begun to degenerate. 
Its joints are lost and it carries a single hair. The maxilla (fig. 39) 
also has begun to degenerate. Its palp is hairless. The scaphog- 
nathite is larger. 

Thoracic appendages.—The maxillipeds (figs. 48, 46, and 51) show 
the usual megalops condition. The exopodite becomes a sense organ 
and develops a palp terminally. The endopodite is greatly enlarged 
and with the basal segments becomes an organ of mastication. Gills 
appear upon the second and third maxillipeds. 

The periopods are greatly enlarged and well-formed. They appear 
elongated and slender and are nearly cylindrical. 

Abdomen.—The abdomen is depressed. ‘he appendages are not 
mentioned by Cano but they probably are typical for the stage. 

The telson becomes a flattened plate with a rounded posterior 
border. 





ART. 10 LARVAE OF GRAPSID CRABS—-HYMAN. 5 


SECOND MEGALOPS (fig. 25). 


The second megalops stage differs from the first chiefly in the 
shape of the cephalothorax. The carapace is shorter, broader, and 
more depressed. The frontal spine has disappeared and its position 
is marked by a furrow. 

Cephalic appendages.—The antennule (fig. 29) shows three en- 
larged basal segments bearing distally the two palps. The endopo- 
dite is composed of five segments each bearing sensory hairs. The 
exopodite has two segments, the distal bearing hairs. The antenna 
(fig. 29) is a single flagellum. The proximal three segments are en- 
larged. The mandible, the maxillule (fig. 36a), and the maxilla 
are (fig. 41) scarcely changed from the first megalops condition. 

Thoracic appendages.—( Figs. 44, 47, 49, 50, and 52.) These show 
only a few minor changes. 

Abdomen.—The abdomen is appreciably broadened and flattened. 
The appendages (fig. 54) are fully developed as swimming organs. 


FIRST CRAB STAGE. 


In the first crab stage the cephalothorax has the definite quadrate 
shape of the family. It is greatly depressed. The abdomen is 
permanently flexed under the sternum. The periopods are large 
and flattened. 

Cephalic appendages (figs. 80, 366, and 42).—The exopodite of 
the antennule has disappeared and this appendage as well as the 
remaining cephalic appendages is in the adult condition. 

Thoracic appendages (figs. 45, 48, and 53).—These are now in the 
adult condition. 

Abdomen.—The megalops abdominal appendages are present but 
are small and shriveled. The adult appendages have not yet de- 
veloped. 


PLANES MINUTUS (Linneaus). 


The zoea of this species was known to Thompson who writes that 
it so closely resembles the zoea of L'riphia caribbea as not to merit 
a separate description or figure. ‘The zoea probably does not occur 
regularly in the tow at Beaufort. The ovigerous female from which 
were hatched the specimens here described was brought into the har- 
bor by an unusual combination of wind and tides on June 22, 1920. 

The zoea is notable for its minute size (0.9 mm. long and 0.3 mm. 
dorso-ventrally through cephalothorax), its disproportionately large 
eyes and long maxillipeds, and its heavy pigmentation. 


FIRST ZOBA (figs. 1 and 2), 


Cephalothorax.—The dorsal and rostral spines only are present 
and each is slender and rather short (0.2 mm.). The pigment spois 


6 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, 65 


cover the carapace with a confluent net of black lines when ex- 
panded. The eyes are strikingly large and well formed. 

Cephalic appendages.—The antennules (fig. 3), mandibles (fig. 
5), maxillules (fig. 6), and maxillae (fig. 7) have the typical brach- 
yuran structure. The antennae (fig. 4) are as long as the rostral 
spine. They appear as stout spikes carrying very inconspicuous ex- 
opodites. The distal portion of the spike is covered with minute 
hairs. The exopodite appears as a tubercle carrying a single hair. 

Thoracic appendages.—The first and second maxillipeds (figs. 8 
and 9) have the usual structure, with four swimming hairs. They 
are both very large for such a small zoea. The endopodite of the 
second maxilliped has three segments. 

Abdomen.—The joints of the abdomen are unusually well formed. 
There are pronounced lateral tubercles on segments 2, 3, and 4 (fig. 
10). The telson is typically bicornuate. 


Genus SESARMA Say. 


The zoeas of the two species of Sesarma here described are so 
similar morphologically that they can be distinguished by their 
pigmentation only and by a slight difference in size. That of S. 
reticulata (Say) (figs. 18 and 14) is smaller and somewhat more 
heavily pigmented. It is most readily distinguished by the presence 
of a pigment spot behind the dorsal spine and the absence of pig- 
ment on the first maxilliped. The zoea is 1.8 mm. long and .4 mm. 
dorso-ventrally through the cephalothorax. 

The first zoea of S. cinerea (Bosc) is noticeably robust and its 
olive-green eyes are conspicuous objects. Its length is 1.6 mm. and 
its carapace depth 0.6 mm. It is best distinguished by the pigmenta- 
tion of both maxillipeds. 


FIRST ZOEA OF SESARMA, 


Cephalothorax.—The dorsal and rostral spines are relatively 
slender and short and the dorsal curves pronouncedly posteriorly. 
The eyes are perhaps a little smaller than they are usually. 

Cephalic appendages.—Only the antennae are not typically 
brachyuran. They show a well-developed exopodite (fig. 16). The 
exopodite is a cylindrical segment about one-third as long as the 
spine. It bears two or three hairs. 

Thoracic appendages——These do not show any unusual feature. 

Abdomen.—The lateral border of each segment is produced some- 
what posteriorly as a deltoid tooth. The telson is typically bicorn- 
uate. 


ART. 10 LARVAE OF GRAPSID CRABS—-HYMAN. 7 


BIBLIOGRAPHY. 


1876. BatrE, C. SPENCE, and Power, W. H. On the development of the crusta- 
cean embryo and the variations of form exhibited in the larvae of 
38 genera of Podophthalmia. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 4, vol. 18. 

1891. Cano, G. Sviluppo postembrionale dei Dorippidei, Leucosiadi, Corysto- 
idei e Grapsidi. Mem. della Soc. Ital. delle Scienze, vol. 8, No. 4, 1891. 

1787. CAvoLini, F. Memoria sulla Generatione dei Pesci e dei Granchi. Napoli, 
(not consulted). 

1836. THompson, J. V. On the double metamorphosis of Macropodia pha- 
langium or Spider Crab, with proofs of the larvae being zoeas in 
Gecarcinus hyrodomus, Telphusa erythropus, Eriphia caribbea, and 
Grapsus pelagicus. Entomol. Mag., vol. 3. 


EXPLANATION OF PLATES. 
PLATE 1, 


Fic. 1. First zoea of Planes minutus, lateral view. 
Same, frontal view. 

Same, antennule. 

Same, antenna. 

Same, mandible. 

Same, mavxillule. 

Same, maxilla. 

Same, first maxilliped. 

Same, second maxilliped. 

. Same, abdomen, ventral view. 

. First zoea, Sesarma cinerea, lateral view. 
. Same, frontal view. 


SODAAMR WN ps 


jet peat pet 
oman 


Pramn 2: 


Fig. 18. First zoea of Sesarma reticulata, lateral view 
14. Same, frontal view. 
15. Same, antennule. 
16. Same, antenna. 
17. Same, maxillule. 
18. Same, maxilla. 
19. Same, second maxilliped. 
20. Same, telson. 


PLATE 8. 
Pachygrapsus marmoratus. 


Fig. 21. First zoea, lateral view. 
22. Third zoea, lateral view. 
23. Fifth zoea, lateral view. 
24. First megalops, dorsal view. 
25. Second megalops, dorsal view. 
26. First crab, dorsal view. 
27. Antennule and antenna, first zoea. 
28. Antennule and antenna, fifth zoea. 
29. Antennule and antenna, second megalops. 


Fie. 30. 
Sie 
32. 
Boe 
34. 
35. 


PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


Antennule and antenna, first crab. 
Mandible, fifth zoea. 

Mandible, first megalops. 
Maxillule, first zoea. 

Maxillule, fifth zoea. 

Maxillule, first megalops. 


36a. Maxiliule, second megalops. 
366. Maxillule, first crab. 


37. 
38. 
39. 
40. 
41. 
42. 
45. 
44. 
45. 
46. 
47. 
48. 
49. 
50. 
51. 
52. 
53. 
54. 
5d. 
56. 


Maxilla, first zoea. 

Maxilla, third zoea. 

Maxilla, fifth zoea. 

Maxilla, first megalops. 

Maxilla, second megalops. 

Maxilla, first crab. 

First maxilliped, first megalops. 
First maxilliped, second megalops. 
First maxilliped, first crab. 

Second maxilliped, first megalops. 
Second maxilliped, second megalops. 
Second maxilliped, first crab. 
Cheliped, second megalops. 

Second periopod, second megalops. 
Third maxilliped, first megalops. 
Third maxilliped, second megalops. 
Third maxilliped, first crab. 
Pleopod, second megalops. 

Telson, first zoea. 

Telson, second megalops 


U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 65, ART. 10 PL. | 





LARVAE OF PLANES MINUTUS (I-10) AND SESARMA CINEREA (I! AND 12) 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 7 


U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM = PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 65, ART. 10 PL. 2 





LARVAE OF SESARMA RETICULATA 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 7 


U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 65, ART. !0, PL. 3 





LARVAE OF PACHYGRAPSUS MARMORATUS 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGES 7 AND 8 





AMASTRIDIUM, A NEGLECTED GENUS OF SNAKES.? 


By E. R. Dunn 


Of the Department of Zoology, Smith College, Northampton, Massachusetts. 


I have recently had the pleasure of examining several specimens 
of a small snake from Central America, which is undoubtedly the 
species described by Cope as Amastridium veliferum.? In 1886 Cope 
mentioned the fact that this species possessed hypapophyses on the 
posterior vertebrae;* in 1892 he stated that the hemipenis had a 
divided sulcus;* in 1894 he further described this organ as un- 
divided, with divided sulcus, with well developed spines, and “ caly- 
culate not capitate,” ® and in 1900 he figured the hemipenis.* Bou- 
lenger 7? quoted the original description at the end of his account of 
the Colubridae, omitting the genus from his key to the family as of 
“ doubtful position.” In 1898 Boettger® redescribed it as Fleisch- 
mannia obscura. Giinther does not mention this snake in the Biolo- 
gia Centrali-Americana. Two specimens collected by Robert I. Mat- 
thews at Greytown, Nicaragua, are in the United States National 
Museum, and a specimen from Cariblanco, Costa Rica, is in the 
Museum of Comparative Zodlogy. 

I have also seen a single specimen in the U. 8. National Museum 
from Chicharros, Chiapas, Mexico, which agrees in detail with the 
species described by Werner ® as Mimometopon sappere. 

These two species are unquestionably congeneric and should stand 
as Amastridium veliferum Cope and Amastridium sappert (Werner). 

They differ as follows: 

Veliferum: Loreal absent, ventrals 121-135, maxillary teeth 12-2, 
no groove visible under magnification of 80 diameters. 





1 Contributions from the Department of Zoology, Smith College, No. 110. 

2 Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1860, p. 370, ‘‘ Cocuyas de Veraguas,’”’ Panama. 
8 Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc., vol. 23, 1886, p. 495. 

«Amer. Nat., vol. 26, 1892, p. 481. 

5Idem, vol. 28, 1894, p. 840. 

6 Report U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898, pl. 24, fig. 13. 

7 Cat. Snakes Brit. Mus., ser. 2, vol. 2, 1894, p. 352. 

® Kat. Mus. Senckenberg., Rept., vol. 2, p. 69, San José, Costa Rica. 

® Abh. Bayer. Akad. Wiss., 1903, vol. 22, pt. 2, p. 349, Guatemala. 





No. 2524—PROcEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. 65, ArT. II. 
1 


2 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 65. 


Sapperi: Loreal present, ventrals 153-158, maxillary teeth 14, 
16-2, a groove visible under magnification of 80 diameters. 

The hemipenis, hypapophyses, coloration, and habit of the two 
species are identical. Both have 17 rows of smooth, pitless, scales. 
Both have oculars 1-2, temporals 1-2; a divided anal, a single nasal, 
and the third and fourth upper labials entering the eye. The fol- 
lowing list will indicate the further scalation and the provenance of 
the specimens: 























Source. Sex. | Ventrals.| Caudals. | Labials. Locality. 
| | 
Cone sIS66- « - << sc.ccccsgece Malez--2-- 127 85 7/9 Cocuyas, Panama. 
Boettger, 1808 co ecsnseenceseoe Pesoeeesens | 123 79 7/ San Jose, Costa Rica. 
Mus. a pls 15319.......| Female... .| 135 +48 7/9 Cariblanco, Costa Rica. 
Us S2Nat. Mus:, 292165 5.2. ce. Male......| 121 73 7/8-9 | See Nicaragua. 
ais Nat, aunts MMNTce ee albes dOeses a 123 78 7/8 | 
Werner Sceesmaccecseosae ecenmelecins 158 86 7/ | Guatemala. 
153 +86 7/9 | Chicharros, Mexico. 


U.S. Nat. aoe 46509 oe o25;2 << Male... isc: 





In the Museum of Comparative Zoology No. 15319 the parietal 
meets the fifth labial on each side. Cope (1866) described his speci- 
men (a male) as with keeled scales in the anal region. This is the 
case in the two large males I have seen in the United States National 
Museum (Cat. No. 29216 and Cat. No. 46509), but not in a very 
small male (Cat. No. 29217) nor in either of the females. Boettger 
and Werner do not mention this peculiarity. 

The color is black, with a white dot on about every fourth scale 
of row 5. The upper surface of the head is light. 

The hemipenis has two very large hooks which occupy the basal 
third, then increasingly smaller and more numerous hooks passing 
gradually into calyces which occupy the distal fifth. The sulcus 
is divided for the distal third. 

The relationships of this genus are somewhat to seek. Perhaps 
examination of various characters in order will set forth more clearly 
the diverse genera allied. 

Hemipenis: Among the snakes whose hemipenes are known 7'ham- 
nodynastes possesses male organs almost exactly like those of Amas- 
tridium. Tretanorhinus and Hydrocalamus each have four large 
basal hooks instead of two, and in each the calyculate area has a free 
proximal edge—that is, is “capitate.” Diadophis has numerous 
basal hooks. 

Dentition: The dentition of Thamnodynastes, of Paraox, yrhopus 
and of Hydrocalamus is the same as that of Amastridum. That of 
Diadophis differs in the absence of a gap in the tooth row anterior 
to the two enlarged teeth. Many other forms have closely similar 
dentition. 


akT, 11. A NEGLECTED GENUS OF SNAKES—DUNN. 3 


Vertebrae: Z’retanorhinus and Paraoxyrhopus have hyapophyses 
on the posterior dorsal vertebrae, and are the only two genera having 
them which are possible allies of Amastridium. 

Scalation: Paraoxyrhopus, Tretanorhinus, and Hydrocalamus lack 
scale pits; Zhamnodynastes and Diadophis have them. My friend, 
Dr. Frank N. Blanchard, tells me that males of Diadophis have the 
scales of the anal region keeled. 

Kye: Vhamnodynastes has a vertical pupil. The other genera have 
a round pupil. 

To sum up: Paraoxyrhopus agrees very closely with Amastridium 
in all its known characters. The hemipenis, however, is unknown. 

Thamnodynastes, suggested as a related genus by Werner (1903), 
differs in having a vertical pupil, in having scale pits, and in lacking 
hypapophyses. 

Hydrocalamus has a different hemipenis, and no hypapophyses. 

Tretanorhinus has a different hemipenis, a very different dentition, 
and different physiognomy. 

Diadophis has a different hemipenis, different dentition, scale pits, 
and different physiognomy. 

The combination of characters seen in this genus and in its ap- 
parent allies serves to show (a) the uselessness of the groove on the 
posterior maxillary teeth as a character of importance; (6) the 
presence of hypapophyses in American “ Opisthoglyph ” snakes; (¢) 
the presence of hypapophyses in snakes with forked sulcus spermati- 
cus. A modification of the present scheme is evidently necessary. 
I suggest the following as a working basis for determinng the rela- 
tionships of American Colubrid snakes: 

Cops UlcusHspermati cus; divid edie seme ie ee ee eee Dromicinae. 
a’. Suleus spermaticus single. 
db’. Calyces present. Hypapophyses present_Sibynophis (“Polyodontophis’’). 


0. Calyces present: “No hypapophyses2_—=2_- eee Colubrinae. 
DLwNOVcalyces® Ely papophyses presenta a= Sass eee Natricinae. 





KEYS TO FLIES OF THE FAMILIES LONCHAEIDAE, 
PALLOPTERIDAE, AND SAPROMYZIDAE OF THE 
EASTERN UNITED STATES, WITH A LIST OF THE 
SPECIES OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA REGION. 


By J. R. Matiocw and W. L. McAter, 


Of the United States Biological Survey. 


This paper contains a list of the species in the families Lonchaei- 
dae, Pallopteridae, and Sapromyzidae that have been collected in the 
vicinity of the District of Columbia. To facilitate identification of 
the species so recorded, synopses of the genera and species are in- 
cluded which embrace all the species known to the authors which 
have been recorded from the territory east of the Mississippi River, 
and also all species likely to occur in that territory. 

Many authors consider the families dealt with in this paper as sub- 
families of Sapromyzidae, but there is very little real similarity be- 
tween Sapromyzidae and Lonchaeidae. The Pallopteridae appear 
to be more closely related to the Lonchaeidae than to the Sapromyzi- 
dae, but there are some very important points of difference between 
this family and the other two which are emphasized in the discus- 
sion of the family characters. 

All three families belong to the acalyptrate section of the Cyclor- 
rhapha, having the abdominal spiracles in the membrane between 
the tergites and the sternites, close to the former. The auxiliary 
vein is present and complete, vibrissae are absent, and the basal cells 
of the wings are complete, the posterior one not prolonged at its 
apical posterior angle, characters which separate these ‘families from 
most of their allies. 

The very well developed frontal lunule of the Lonchaeidae which 
invades the anterior margin of the interfrontalia more or less tri- 
angularly and is generally setulose (fig. 2), the presence of a stig- 
matal and propleural bristle, very small size of preapical tibial 
bristle, and the complete, though apically indistinct, bisinuate sixth 
wing vein (fig. 4) separates the family from any other. No family 
which has the ovipositor very much elongated and sword-shaped, 
as has this one, has the propleura bare above the bristle and the 


No. 2525—PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. 65, ART. 12. 
1 


2 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 65 


frons as described above. Other characters that may be mentioned 
are: Orbital bristle 1; and dorsocentrals, two pairs. The family is 
more closely related to Ortalidae than to Sapromyzidae. 

The Pallopteridae resemble the Lonchaeidae in having the ovi- 
positor elongate sword-shaped, but the frons is transverse at its an- 
terior margin as in Sapromyzidae, and the frontal lunule is con- 
cealed; the propleural bristle is absent or present; stigmatal bristle 
absent, or present but weak; sixth wing vein traceable to margin, 
straight; preapical dorsal tibial bristle absent; each orbit with one 
bristle as in Lonchaeidae; propleura bare. — 

The Sapromyzidae have no stigmatal bristle, and in this respect 
agree with many allied families, but the propleura are bare; the sixth 
wing vein is shorter than the seventh; the posterior basal cell of wing 
is very small and is not prolonged at apex; usually one or more pairs 
of the tibiae have a distinct preapical bristle, and both the meso- 
pleura (except in Periscelis) and sternopleura have one or more 
strong bristles. Each orbit in American genera (except Periscelis) 
with two bristles; the frontal lunule is concealed; the anterior mar- 
gin of frons transverse; postvertical bristles convergent or cruciate; 
propleural bristle present. The ovipositor is never sword-shaped. 

Our only representative of the Pallopteridae occurs in humid, well- 
shaded localities; the Sapromyzidae, on the other hand, are rather 
inclinded to sit in the sun and they are sometimes attracted to flowers. 
The immature stages of these familes are practically unknown. The 
larvae of a number of Lonchaeidae are known, however, and they 
live in sappy places under bark or in decaying vegetation where 
they are predaceous; the adults are of more random occurrence than 
those of the other familes here treated but agree with them in being 
attracted to light. 

The number of species in the present list compared to that of the 
New Jersey State List of Insects? is: 





oo New District 





ee Jersey. Gaiehin: 
ESO IUCEL CLC SC owes ea ee ee 2 10 
Pallopteridae: 22050. Seo aI BRS 0 eee ee 1 1 


Sapromyzidae.. - 33522 41tt Las Beek Sent see eee | 22 49 





Of the 60 species here listed, 19 (indicated in text by asterisks) 
were originally described from material derived wholly or in part 
from our region. Thirty-two of the species have been collected on 
Plummer Island, Md., headquarters of the Washington Biologists’ 
Field Club, and 17 others in adjacent parts of the Potomac River 





1 Ann, Rep. State Mus., (1909) 1910, Diptera by C. W. Johnson. 





ART, 12 KEYS TO SAPROMYZIDAE—MALLOCH AND McATEE. a 


Valley. These facts of occurrence when not expressed in the detailed 
records are indicated by the abbreviations P. I. and V. P. I. 
respectively. 

Previously described species, not yet collected, that should be ob- 
tainable in our region are: Steganolauxania latipennis Coquillett, 
New Jersey to Florida; ZLauwxaniella opaca Loew, New Jersey to 
Florida; and Sapromyza resinosa Wiedemann, New York to Florida. 


Family LONCHABIDAE. 


Only one genus of this family has hitherto been recognized in 
North America, but there is every reason to believe that the group 
Haromyia Zetterstedt is entitled to at least subgeneric rank. Three 
of the species (aberrans, aterrina, and nigrociliata) included in this 
paper belong to H'aromyia, having the frontal lunule bare, but they 
are included in the key to species of Lonchaea to facilitate identifi- 
cation and establish relationships. 

The genotype of Lonchaea is vaginalis Fabricius, which has been 
stated by some European authors to be synonymous with chorea 
Fallén. 

The genotype of Haromyia is lonchaeoides Zetterstedt, which for 
some obscure reason was renamed frontata by Becker in 1895. 

The following key includes all species known to the authors to 
occur in North America. Some other species which have been 
recorded, we have not seen and do not attempt to include. 


Genus LONCHAEA Fallén. 


KEY TO SPECIES. 


1. Frons in both sexes with large irregular pits or depressions; a strong bristle 


NeoEAANteCLIOtAINMArSINVOL Cheeks eae a. wl a vibrissata Mulloch. 
BLONSSUNpUnCtALe| Or alIMOSEsSO, NOt plLted == 2 ee 2 

2. Several bristly hairs surrounding the stigmatal bristle_______________ 3 
No bairsssurroundine shiematal DrIStle <2. 2 eon ae ee 11 

STH rIMZeSnOtacalypleEren blacks OT cEUSCOUS 5 = so tae ae -t 
Hrincesion calypiraeawhite Or Vellow=s=2 = =) = ea ee ee a 

4, Third antennal segment much less than twice as long as its greatest width; 
frontal lunule bare; ovipositor abnormally wide_______ aterrima Malloch. 
Third antennal segment over twice as long as wide; frontal lunule with 
SOMO NGM She ae nen ror ee eres wees Crete seule al tea ete s oe uke bs Eee 5 

5. Hyes in both sexes distinctly hairy, in the male conspicuously so; second 
costal division very long; disk of scutellum hairy__________________ 6 

HIV CSEDAECROMIITOS GSO aso ee ee ee rs hee me ee eres ere ee 7 


G6. Pteropleura hairy in center; cheeks with dense short erect fine hairs. 
pleuriseta Malloch. 


Pteropleura bare; cheeks with longer setulose hairs_______ ursina Malloch. 
fae tarsigentrelys placket. ok. 205 ue eee Se atritarsis Malloch. 
AMT eRSp A: MEW PER ey es) Nie Wa AOpen a ee as Rah ta eR ik a Rl i co me 8 


45554—25—Proe.N.M.v0l.65——25 


= 


8. 


10. 


1a 


12. 


138. 


14. 


15. 


16. 


PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 65. 


Orbit with several long fine hairs above the bristle; cheeks, frons, and meso- 
notum with rather dense erect black hairs; wings whitish or yellowish, in- 
fuscated at bases; scutellum with some long erect hairs on disk near apex 
as well as on the margins; pteropleura usually with one or two long hairs 
In ‘Center cee 2F 2k RE NINA CEI ES APE DA en hirta Malloch. 

Orbits bare or with a single hair above bristle; cheeks, frons, and mesono- 
tum with more sparse black hairs; scutellum generally bare on disk; 
ntefopleuta, Wage se se Se sea nh affinis Malloch. 


. Third antennal segment but little longer than wide; scutellum with four 


strong bristles and no fine hairs; face of male silvery; ovipositor of fe- 
male nearly as broad as frons, acutely pointed at apex, the preapical hairs 
very short; auxiliary vein nearly fused with first at apex. 
arkansensis Malloch 
Third antennal segment about three times as long as wide; scutellum with 
some fine hairs on margins as well as the four long bristles; face of male 
not silvery ; female ovipositor slender, very much narrower thanfrons. 10 
Glossy upper portion of orbits black; orbital bristle not proximad of ante- 
rior ocellus; cheek with dense short stiff hairs; third antennal segment 
not over three times as long as wide, almost entirely orange red. 
ruficornis Malloch. 
Glossy upper portion of orbits blue; orbital bristle distinctly proximad of 
anterior ocellus; cheek with some short hairs and one or two longer 
bristles; third antennal segment over three times as long as its greatest 
width, upper half or more blackened; hind femur with several long bris- 
tles on apical half of anteroventral surface_______-- winnemanae Malloch. 
Ovipositor of female nearly as wide as frons; calyptrae and their fringes 
white; tarsi largely yellowish; scutellum without fine hairs. 
arkansensis Malloch. 
Ovispositor slender, much narrower than frons; scutellum usually with fine 
hairs’ in addition’ to the’ strong bristles22=2 aes ee eee 12 
Face and parafacials when viewed from above conspicuously whitish pruin- 
escent ; frons of female dark steel-blue, shining, sparsely and evenly haired, 
and with a transverse depression midway between anterior margin and 
anterior ocellus; third antennal segment but little longer than wide; a 
strong curved bristle near anterior margin of cheek; tarsi slightly pale 
basally; calyptrae and their fringes browl; no fine hairs on scutellum. 
albiceps Malloch. 
Face but little whitish pruinescent when viewed ‘irom above; frons not 
steel-blue, and without a transverse depression; cheek either without a 


strong DriStle’ Or With} Several es see ae ee ee eee 13 
Legs entirely black: 22222. 200 2 2a Se ee ee 14 
At least. the bases ot tans yellowish. 222s = oe ee ee eee a 
Hringes of Calyptrae. LOWE OT EUS COS se see cece ee ese 15 
Fringes of calyptrae white; cheek without strong bristles____________ 16 


Cheek with four outstanding bristles; no hairs between the scutellar 
bristles; frons slightly bluish or greenish; third antennal segment about 


1:0 as long as wides 2 See 2O sae quadrisetosa Malloch. 
Cheek without outstanding bristles; some fine hairs between the apical pair 
of scutellar bristles; frons black______-______-___- angustitarsis Malloch. 


Some fine hairs between the apical pair of scutellar bristles. 
vaginalis Fallen. 


No fine hairs between the apical pair of scutellar bristles. 
. marylandica Malloch. 





ABT. 12 KEYS TO SAPROMYZIDAE—MALLOCH AND McATEE, 5 


17. Frontal lunule bare; fringes of calyptrae brown; interfrontalia with two 
series of incurved hairs on center; glossy portion of upper orbits micro- 
SCOMICAlLY StVIZOSC! = ase eee aes ale Ce ee aberrans Malloch. 

Frontal lunule with setulose hairs at least on the sides except in nigro- 
ciliata; fringes of calyptrae whitish or yellowish except in nigrociliata 
and subpolita; glossy portion of upper orbits usually smooth (compare 


occidentalis and (Coloradensis)@_- 32: Pl ae Ori ke 2 OOTP Bie seth 18 

18. No minute hairs between the apical pair of scutellar bristles; third antennal 
segment not or barely over twice as long as its greatest width ______ 19 

Some minute hairs between the apical pair of scutellar bristles; third 
antennal segment more than twice as long as its greatest width_____ 20 

19. Tarsi brown; larger species, fully 4 mm. in length____ marylandica Malloch. 


Tarsi pale yellow; smaller species, less than 4 mm. in length. 
laticornis Meigen. 
2 Oe EINee STO feleal Vg trae MUSCOUS =. = ees = See es 21 


Fringes of calyptrae white or yellow; thorax and abdomen bluish_-__ 22 

21. Frontal lunule bare; head and thorax black, abdomen slightly bluish, 
nigrociliata Malloch. 
Frontal lunule hairy ; thorax and abdomen blackish blue__subpolita Malloch. 
22. Width of male frons at anterior margin equal to at least half the entire 
length of frons; preapical dorsal pair of hairs on ovipositor very long; 
hairs at angle of calyptrae much longer than rest of fringe; upper 
orbits largely microscopically strigose_____________ occidentalis Malloch. 
Width of male frons at anterior margin not nearly equal to half its entire 
length; preapical dorsal hairs on ovipositor very short; fringes of 


calyptrae ‘of ‘uniform, Jength--— =~ = ee 23 

23. Third antennal segment about twice as long as wide; upper frontal orbits 
STATA T] OS Oe ewe i Pa es LT IT SI Ae Lk coloradensis Malloch. 
Third antennal segment at least three times as long as wide; upper frontal 
orbits, largely.:or entirely).polished_2tesi..2 1 s=4el wan -faaw sosires 24 

24. Only the basal segment of each tarsus yellow________ longicornis Williston. 


Basal two or three segments of each tarsus yellow___________-___-__ 25 
25. Larger species, over 4 mm. in length; hypopygium as in Figure 3, 

nudifemorata Malloch. 

Smaller species, less than 4 mm. in length; hypopygium of male as in 


Wi Sune lic = bk ange Teeter Che argue polita Say. 
LIST OF SPECIES OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA REGION. 


L. aberrans Malloch.—Mount Vernon, Virginia, April 19, 1917, 
McAtee. 

* I. albiceps Malloch.—Washington, District of Columbia, May 
29, 1912, McAtee. 

L. laticornis Meigen.—Common and widely distributed; dates of 
collection range from May 8 to October 3; comes to light. P. I. 

*I. marylandica Malloch.—Plummer Island, Maryland, bred 
April 24, 1915, from larva collected under bark, April 7, H. S. 
Barber. 

*I. nudifemorata Malloch.—Plummer Island, Maryland, April 
21, 1912, McAtee; Falls Church, Virginia, May 10, N. Banks. 
_L. polita Say.—The most numerous species; the season for active 
imagines runs from March 29 to October 29; the species has. been 


6 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, 65 


bred from old pumpkin vines, cabbage stalks, and butternut hulls: 
comes to hght. P. I. 

L. rujicornis Malloch.—Washington, District of Columbia, May 29, 
1914, L. O. Jackson. 

*L. quadrisetosa Malloch—Plummer Island, Maryland, August 
11, 1912, McAtee; June 3, 1914, R. C. Shannon; District of Columbia. 
D. W. Coquillett. 

L. vibrissata Malloch.—Cupid’s Bower Island, Maryland, July 
8, 1915, R. C. Shannon; Stubblefield Fall, Virginia, October 23, 1921, 
Malloch; Falls Church, Virginia, May 10, N. Banks; Mount Ver- 
non, Virginia, July 4, 1917, at honey dew, McAtee. 

* ZL. winnemanae Malloch.—Cupid’s Bower Island, Maryland, 
July 8, 1915; Dead Run, Virginia, April 11, 1915, R. C. Shannon; 
Virginia near Plummer Island, April 18, 1909, McAtee; Falls 
Church, Virginia, June 6, August 25, N. Banks; College Park, 
Maryland, May 25, 1913, F. Knab. 


Family PALLOPTERIDAE. 


This family is represented by but one genus in North America, 
a key to the species of which follows: 


Genus PALLOPTERA Fallén. 
KEY TO SPECIES. 


1. Thorax with one or two pairs of dorsocentral bristles, the anterior one when 
present weak; propleural bristle absent; stigmatal bristle weak or absent: 


prescutellar pair of acostichals absent______________ subarcuata Johnson. 
Thorax with four pairs of dorsocentrals, the anterior pair sometimes 

weak s1u0lt_oi 2. oi lweoreh sO Re Ry Ae Ia tan BeOS ane oe 2 

2 (Mesh plbiman deine) tot sort on at eat tear ET ee OR es 5 

Mescpleufa . setulosevied - 0) 129!) iti= aGh ob RAT 1B ee BOLE 8 

3. Both cross-veins of wings unclouded_.--_--_--_---_=--2--_--_ 4 

At least the outer cross-vein of wings distinctly clouded____________ 6 


4. Humeri entirely gray, concolorous with disk of thorax 
claripennis Malloch, new species. 
Humeri yellow, contrasting with the gray disk of thorax____________ 5 
5. Thorax with about four series of weak whitish hairs between the anterior 
pair of dorsocentrals; stigmatal bristle absent_________ terminalis Loew. 
Thorax with about eight series of short black setulose hairs between the 
anterior pair of dorsocentrals; stigmatal bristle present but weak 
ustulata Meigen. 
6. Thorax gray, densely pruinescent, humeri yellow; wing with the costal cell 
almost entirely infuscated, and an infuscation at apex 
subusta Malloch, new species. 
Thorax yellowish; wing with the entire costal region broadly infus- 


Gated... Ste 2 ecules peg pp aa Da fie Gb Sigg S cylad 5 oP SVE aly gt q 
7. Propleural and stigmatal bristles both absent; head thorax, and abdomen 
sreyisiipruinescen 22 iis 2e0h a 2a: 4 = pee eee ee setosa Melander. 


Propleural bristle present: stigmatal bristle absent; thorax and abdomen 
nog -&rpy; praimnescent iis ssc es} gt VS styre ty albertensis Johnson, 





ART. 12 KEYS TO SAPROMYZIDAE MALLOCH AND McATEE. 7 
8. Abdomen without distinct black markings on tergitesessvurrsaeureis 9 

Abdomen with either round spots or black vittae on apices of tergites__ 10 
9. Costa brown from near base to apex---------------------- jucunda Loew. 


Costal cell and a space beyond apex of first vein hyaline___ arcuata Fallen. 
10. Abdominal tergites with conspicuous black spots near apices from which 


the bristles arise; propleural bristles absentilvive sob 18 3 superba Loew. 
Abdominal tergites with the posterior margins narrowly and the sides 
broadly black; propleural bristle presenti2us see similis Johnson. 


LIST OF SPECIES OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA REGION. 


P. superba Loew.—A handsome fly which is fairly numerous in 
damp shady localities of the Piedmont region; it has been collected 
grom June 8 to October 28; and is known to come to light. P. i. 


DESCRIPTIONS OF TWO WESTERN SPECIES. 


The two following new species have the head, scutellum, abdomen 
and legs yellowish testaceous, and the thorax black with dense gray 
pruinescence. In elaripennis the humeri are also gray, while in 
subusta they are yellowish testaceous. 


PALLOPTERA CLARIPENNIS Malloch, new species. 


Male.—Distinguished from all other species of the genus by the 
entirely clear wings. Structurally similar to wstulata. 

Length, 3.25 mm. 

Type—Palo Alto, California, August 3, 1895, Lot. 84, (Type Cat. 
No. 26887, U.S.N.M.) 


PALLOPTERA SUBUSTA Malloch, new species. 


Vale.—Ditfters from usta Meigen in having the fuscous markings 
of wings smaller, the one at apex of wing being much less distinct, 
that on outer cross-vein not extending behind fifth vein, and the 
snfuscation in subcostal cell not extending beyond the veins bounding 
the cell. The abdomen is pale yellowish testaceous, not black. 

Length, 4-5 mm. 

Type and one paratype.—Palo Alto, California, August 3, 1895; 
one paratype, Stanford University, California, September 30, 1901. 
(Type Cat. No. 26388, U.S.N.M.) 


Family SAPROMYZIDAE. 


KEY TO GENERA. 


1. Basal antennal segment elongated, as long as or almost as long as the 
elongated second segment, with some minute setulose hairs at apex below ; 
third segment much more than four times as long as wide, appearing 
cylindrical ; face convex_----------------------—-----=-----------~ 2 

Basal antennal segment short, not as long as second, bare at apex below_ 4 


bo 


a | 


10. 


1, 


18. 


14. 


PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 65 


. Sternopleurum with two strong bristles; arista with very dense short hairs 


above-and! below#_te 9¢Uly sone to 230s DOs 790) Lauxania Latreille. 
Sternopleurum with only one strong bristle; arista long haired above__ 3 

. Marginal cell of wing very much narrower than submarginal, equally wide 
onrits; entireslength 2100+. Aoris_ sioosigaioy Ose Steganolauxania Frey. 
Marginal cell at its widest part as wide as submarginal, much narrowed 
from japex of first: vein: ‘basad2i2ateui_ ous fee Lauxaniella Malioch. 
.-Anteérion orbital bristle absentliewdg gllaitd iste se Periscelis Loew. 
Anterior‘erbital bristle present =20. = oo ee 5 

. Anterior! orbital bristle directed 'inward_.it 2 2!) cb. ie at 6 
Anterior orbital bristle directed backward____________________________ 8 


. Ocellar bristles minute; face much swollen, projecting very much beyond 


eyes in profile; anterior pair of orbital bristles small, closer together than 
the upper pair, and situated very distinctly nearer to bases of antennae 


Chany OM Per yy eee ee eee Physogenia Macquart. 
Ocellar bristles long and strong; face not or but little projecting; anterior 
orbital: bristles plarges= = igri who Rn ee Ba eee eee ee 7 


. Anterior orbital bristles strong, situated about midway between bases of 


antennae and upper pair and in line with them; face glossy, with a dis- 
tinct rounded central convexity; third antennal segment slender, longer 
than héisht ofiieadt&. POL ast. Siro Pachycerina Macquart. 
Anterior pair of orbital bristles moderately strong, situated very close to 
upper pair; face not glossy, with a very slight longitudinal convexity or 
almost flat; third antennal segment tapered, not as long as height of head, 
Camptoprosopella Hendel. 


. Hither second or third wing-vein with setulose hairs basally__________ 9 


od 


Second and: ‘third wings*vems "bare. ¢*18 400 ike 2 eth ee eee et 


. Setulae present on base of second vein before furcation of third, 


Xenochaetina Malloch. 
Setulae present on base of third vein distad of furcation from second__ 10 
Fore femur with a comb of short black setulae on apical third of antero- 

ventral surface; pteropleura with some fine black hairs in center, 
Eusapromyza Malloch (European). 

Fore femur without a comb of setulae as above; pteropleura bare, 

Peplomyza Haliday (Huropean). 
Presutural bristle absent; head longer than high, face much receding below; 
orbits rather densely covered with minute black hairs at bases of antennae, 
Trigonometopus Macquart. 
Presutural bristle present; head higher than long, the face not much re- 
ceding below, and the orbits not noticeably haired at bases of an- 


TOMNA Csr pe A spore bln Nah ol Ol mverghepen re ee cee een 13 
2., sternopleurum, with, one. strong ‘bristle__._.224f_. 4 es ee 13 
Sternopleurum with two strong bristles, the anterior one the weaker___ 14 


Frons broader than long, concave in center anteriorly; ocellar bristles 
minute; thorax with three pairs of dorsocentrals and one pair of pres- 
cutellar, | ACrOStiCh ai se= Sees =e eee sree ene Neogriphoneura Malloch. 

Frons sometimes longer than broad, not concave in center anteriorly ; thorax 
with. two pairs: of dorsocentrals— = S22 =) eee Deceia Malloch. 

Face decidedly and evenly convex, glossy_____-____-____ Caliope Haliday. 

Face flat or not evenly convex, opague or subopaque___-__-------- 15 


5. Intra-alar bristle present; the small black costal setulae on wing continued 


beyond apex of second vein but not extending to apex of third, 
e Minettia Robineau-Desvoidy. 
Intracalar bristle. a pSemt 22s See ee ee ee eee en 16 


— 


ArT, 12 KEYS TO SAPROMYZIDAE—-MALLOCH AND McATEE. 9 


16. Seutellum convex above, much broader than long; second wing-vein undu- 
lated; face with a slight transverse ridge near mouth-margin; wing 
fuscous, with small clear spots__------------------ Trypetisoma Malloch. 

Scutellum more or less flattened above; second wing-vein not undulated : 
face without a transverse ridge; wings not marked as above_-—----- ag 

17. The small black setulae continued beyond apex of second vein but not con- 
dinued to apex: of third 22 2=2-~-=--—===---"--""— Sapromyza Fallen. 

The small black costal setulae continued to apex of third vein where they 
abruptly cease__--+----==--==-----=---— Sapromyzosoma Malloch.” 


Genus LAUXANIA Latreille. 
KEY TO SPECIES. 


1. Knobs of halteres, pases of wings, and fore legs except the bases of tibiae 


plack; dorsocentrals OU LE ANY ssh RS te ESS cylindricornis Fabricius. 
Knobs of halteres, bases of wings, and a part of fore legs yellowish--- 2 

2. Dorsocentrals 3; fore tibiae black----------------- nigrimanus Coquillett. 
Dorsocentrals 4; fore tibiae yellow-------------------- albiseta Coquillett. 


LIST OF SPECIES OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA REGION. 


L. cylindricornis Fabricius——Fairly numerous in Piedmont locali- 
ties: has been collected from April 16 to June 29. FE 


Genus STEGANOLAUXANIA Frey. 


This genus is represented in our general region by one species, 
latipennis Coquillett. The genus was erected by Frey in 1918 and 
is closely related to S teganopsis de Meijere described from the Dutch 


East Indies. 
Genus LAUXANIELLA Malloch. 


Generic characters —Differs from Lauxania in having only one 
sternopleural bristle. In the structure of the antennae it is similar to 
that genus and differs from other genera. 

Genotype—Lauxania femoralis Loew. 


KEY TO SPECIES. 


1. Knobs of halteres yellow ; interfrontalia largely velvety black; thoracic 


dorsum Not Wiitates4 = -as sss pes aie. 2 
Knobs of halteres black; interfrontalia not velvety black; thoracic 
@Orsuin ;viteaee es oo ee ee aenie aN, 3 


Knobs of halteres whitish, a velvety black spot on each side of interfrontalia 
at middle and another on outer side of orbit at middle; prescutellar 
acrostichals present ; dorsum of thorax not vittate, scutellum entirely vel- 
vety black; wings yellowish; tibiae and tarsi yellowish white (Texas), 

signatifrons (Coquillett). 


2 Sapromyzosoma citreifrons male has the costal setulae very weak near the apex of 
third, vein, but the marked wings, yellow color, and other characters associate fc Gore 
definitely with this genus than with Sapromyza. The female is typical of this genus. 


10 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 65 


2. Prescutellar acrostichals absent; tibiae and metatarsi of fore legs black, 
apical four tarsal segments white; wings largely infuscated; scutellum 


hotewelwetey PHICK a eh ee ee manuleata (Loew). 
Prescutellar acrostichals present; tibiae and tarsi of fore legs white; wings 
yellowish; scutellum largely velvety black____________ femoralis (Loew). 


+. Median dorsal vitta of thorax continued to posterior margin, not attenuated 
posteriorly; orbits entirely gray pruinescent; wings but little darkened at 
bases ; stoutispéeeies.2 se. 25- borings en bethe oe ek opaca (Loew). 
Median dorsal vitta of thorax not continued to posterior margin, or if so 
only as a slender line; orbits only gray pruinescent round bases of bristles; 
wings fuscous at bases; slender species______-_______ trivittata (Loew). 


LIST OF SPECIES OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA REGION. 


L. femoralis Loew.—Spring Hill, Virginia, August 26, 1922, H. L. 
Viereck; Falls Church, Virginia, June 26, July 5, August 24, Sep- 
tember 17; High Island, Maryand, July 8, N. Banks; Glen Echo, 
Maryland, August 3, 6, 1922, L. L. Buchanan; July 30, August 2, 
1922, Malloch. 

L. trivittata Loew.—Has been collected several times in the Pied- 
mont area, at dates ranging from June 14 to August 22; taken twice 
on flowers of Ceanothus americanus. P. I. 


Genus PHYSOGENIA Macquart. 


We have seen but one species from America, vittata Macquart, 
represented in material from Cuba, Brazil, and Nicaragua. 


Genus PACHYCERINA Macquart. 


We have seen only one species of this genus from America, rep- 
resented by specimens from Florida and Nicaragua. These were 
named favida Wiedemann, by Coquillett, and probably are the same 
species as ornata Melander, described from Mexico, synonymy we 
venture even though Wiedemann’s description of the thoracic colora- 
tion does not agree exactly with that of the specimens above re- 
ferred to. 


Genus CAMPTOPROSOPELLA Hendel. 


Two species of this genus occur in our region which may be 
separated by the characters cited below. 


KEY TO SPECIES. 


1. Wines, nyalineg ss inimacuintere a.) > a ee eee eS ee eee 2 
Wings: fuscous Or magrKed. WIEN oT USC eee o 

2. Fore legs not darker than mid and hind pairs; arista loosely long plumose, 
vulgaris Fitch. 

Fore legs distinctly darker than mid and hind pairs, the tarsi and apices of 
tibiae subfuscous; arista with shorter and more dense plumosity ; hypopy- 
fim. asin igure 172222 Se eee eee verticalis Loew. 





ART. 12 KEYS TO SAPROMYZIDAE—MALLOCH AND McATEE. li 


3. Wings entirely or almost entirely fuscous; thorax with a medium brown 


Vitel oe eee EE ee eet enter rl 4 ete mis eid ees dolorosa Williston. 
Wings with the cross-veins and costal and apical margins fuscous; thorax 
WAU maculipennis Malloch, 


LIST OF SPECIES OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA REGION. 


C. verticalis Loew.—Much rarer than vulgaris; Woodridge, Dis- 
trict of Columbia, August 22, 1915, J. Silver; Beltsville, Maryland, 
June 9, 1915, August 14, 1914, McAtee. Has been taken in Illinois 
in sandy regions along the Mississippi River and we have also seen 
it from Florida. 

C. vulgaris Fitch—The commonest species of the family in North 
America, occurring throughout our region in woodlands; extreme 
dates of collection; May 20 and October 12; comes to light; occa- 
sionally on flowers. P. I. 


Genus XENOCHAETINA Malloch. 


Generic characters.—Similar in general habitus to Caliope, but the 
base of the second wing-vein has one or two small setulae on upper 
side. The fore femur has a comb of minute setulae beyond middle 
on anteroventral surface as in many species of Sapromyzosoma. 

Genotype.—Lauxania muscaria Loew. 


LIST OF SPECIES OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA REGION. 


X. muscaria Loew.—Common in the Piedmont region; the season 
as at present known extends from May 14 to October 16. P. I. 


Genus TRIGONOMETOPUS Macquart. 
A key to the species of this genus appeared in 1923.° 
LIST OF SPECIES OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA REGION. 


T. vittatus Loew.—Stubblefield Fall, Virginia, October 23, 1921, 
Malloch. 
Genus NEOGRIPHONEURA Malloch. 


Generic characters—Frons concave on anterior half in center, 
viewed from above the anterior margin has a rounded central emar- 
gination; ocellar bristles minute, very much smaller than the post- 
vertical pair; anterior orbital bristles long and strong, directed 
slightly mesad and caudad; eyes tapered below; face slightly convex, 
the lower margin a little protuberant; mouth with a slight rim; 
arista plumose above, short haired on apical half below; sternopleu- 


2 Proce. Ent. Soc. Wash., vol. 25, p. 48, 1928. 
45554—25— Proc.N.M.vol.65 26 





12 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 65 


rum with one strong bristle; area of mesonotum between dorsocentral 
and supra-alar bristles bare; hypopygium small; costa as in Minettia. 
Genotype—Sapromyza sordida Wiedemann. 


LIST OF SPECIES OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA REGION. 


N. sordida Wiedemann.—Dead Run, Virginia, August 3, 1915, 
V. A. Roberts. This species is represented also in material examined 
by us from Sebastian and Paradise Key, Florida, and Knoxville, 
Tennessee. It was originally described from the West Indies, and 
has been recorded from Porto Rico, St. Vincent, and Georgia in ad- 
dition to the above. It is represented in the United States National 
Museum collection by specimens from Lake Worth, Florida, Texas, 
and Nicaragua. 

Genus DECEIA Malloch. 


Generic characters—Difiers from Minettia in having one sterno- 
pleural bristle, and two pairs of dorsocentrals, and the intra-alar 
absent. All tibiae with a preapical dorsal bristle. From Lauwwxani- 
ella it differs in having the basal antennal segment very much shorter 
than the second and bare at apex below, and third not four times as 
long as its greatest width except in incongrua. 

This genus is divisible into four subgenera, as indicated in the key 
given below. The genus contains some species which appear to be 
related to other genera about as closely as they are to the typical 
species and in the future when material from other faunal regions 
is carefully studied it may be necessary to recognize as valid genera 
the groups now accepted as subgenera. 


KEY TO SUBGENERA, 


1. Frons distinctly longer than wide, rounded in profile; face and frons opaque; 
fore tibia of males distinctly and rather abruptly swollen from near base 
on dorsal surface; eyes narrowed below; upper side of arista with longer 


hairs’ than’.lower :side. 2h. 22:4) Lei eek es eet Deceia Malloch. 
Frons not longer than wide or if so not rounded in profile and the characters 
notiotherwisée as above!) 4128 2 Rene ee ek EW 2 

2. Frons longer than wide, flat in profile and opaque; face subopaque; eyes 
distinctly narrowed belows.+2- 4222222 2+24-+----.- Neodeceia Malloch. 
F'rons either not longer than wide or the face is distinctly glossy______ 3 

3. Eyes distinctly narrowed below; frons more or less shining, but not uni- 
formly so; face glossy, distinctly convex_________-_ Melanomyza Malloch. 
Eyes not narrowed below; frons uniformly subopaque; face almost flat, 
SHEE Cy ASU eet ATRIA. OS ARE aE he Cee er Trivialia Malloch. 


Subgenus NEODECIA Malloch. 


This subgenus is represented by but one species in the fauna of the 
United States. It does not occur within our region, being confined 
to Florida and Cuba so far as known. 

Type of the subgenus.—Laurania cineracea Coquillett. 





ART. 12 KEYS TO SAPROMYZIDAE—-MALLOCH AND McATEE. 13 


Subgenus TRIVIALIA Malloch. 
LIST OF SPECIES OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA REGION. 


* Deceia (Trivialia) fuscocapitata Malloch.—This species has been 
taken only once, in Virginia near Plummer Island, July 4, 1915, 


McAtee. 
Subgenus DECEIA Malloch. 


Type of the subgenus.—Sapromyza crevecoeuri Coquillett. 
KEY TO THE SPECIES. 


J. Ocellar bristles parallel, at least as long as anterior orbitals and much longer 
than postvertical pair; the longest hairs on upper side of arista shorter 
than third antennal segment; palpi fuscous; fore tarsi whitish 
yellow___=--_--__»_-____=-_-------____-=_------ crevecoeuri Coquillett. 

Ocellar bristles divergent, much shorter than the anterior orbitals and equal 
to postvertical pair; longest hairs on upper side of arista as long as third 
antennal segment; palpi yellow; fore tarsi whitish, apical segment in male 
black, in female brownish___----~------------------ wetmorei Malloch. 


LIST OF SPECIES OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA REGION. 


D. crevecoeurit Coquillett.—Has been taken a number of times on 
Plummer Island, Maryland, from June 30 to August 6 (once at 
light) ; and at Glen Echo, Maryland, June 25 to August 22. 


Subgenus MELANOMYZA Malloch. 


Type of the subgenus—Lauxania gracilipes Loew. 
KEY TO SPECIES. 


1. Frons without velvety black markings; hairs on upper side of arista barely 
longer than those on under side; antennae extending slightly beyond 
mouth-margin, third segment at least four times as long as wide; scutel- 
lum without velvety black margin_-_--------------- incongrua Malloci. 

Frons with velvety black markings; hairs on upper side of arista much 
longer than those on under side; antennae not extending to mouth-margin, 
third segment not three times as long as wide; scutellum more or less 
broadly velvety black on posterior margin--~-~-~~----------------- 2 

2 Frons with a large subquadrate velvety black spot in center anteriorly ; 
ocellar triangle very short, not extending to middle of frons, 

gracilipes Loew. 

Frons with a wedge-shaped black mark on each side of interfrontalia an- 
teriorly, frontal triangle extending to anterior margin of frons, rather 
broad anteriorly; orbits almost glossy, the shining stripe not interrupted 
between the bristles; scutellum velvety black only on margin, 

intermedia Malloch. 

Prons largely velvety black anteriorly but more conspicuously so on the same 
areas as intermedia, the frons not so distinctly shining on orbits, the 
latter shining only on two small spots surrounding bases of the bristles, 

scutellata Malloch. 


nh 


14 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 65 
LIST OF SPECIES OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA REGION. 


D. gracilipes Loew.—Common; has been collected from June 19 
to September 17; in copula August 6; comes to light. P. I. 

*“D. mtermedia Malloch.—Common; the known season extends 
from June 11 to September 12; is attracted to light. P. I. 

*D. scutellata Malloch—Common; dates of collection range from 
May 30 to August 29; obtained thus far only in Piedmont localities. 
Pt. 


i 


Genus CALIOPE Haliday. 


We have retained in this genus two species which appear to be 
closely related to the genotype, but as the latter is not available to 
us we can not say definitely whether they really belong to the genus 
or not. The two species may be separated by means of the synopsis 


below. 
KEY TO SPECIES. 


1. Intra-alar bristle present; sternopleurum with two bristles; species yellow, 
lutea (Coquillett). 

Intra-alar bristle absent; sternopleurum with two bristles; species largely 
blaekioe_ sSeustisey 6 ee eee Ser elle 2 aes flaviceps Loew. 


LIST OF SPECIES OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA REGION. 


*O. flaviceps Loew.—Rosslyn, Virginia, April 23, 1913, R. C. Shan- 
non. 
Genus MINETTIA Robineau-Desvoidy. 


KEY TO SPECIBS. 


1. Knobs of halteres black; prosternum bare; thorax and abdomen black. 2 
Knobs of halteres yellow; prosternum usually with a few hairs______~_ 4 

2. All tarsi yellowish; male hypopygial forceps slender, heavily chitinized and 
glossy on their apical halves; face with two small rounded humps near 


NOU margin 2 = 2st a Bt ARE ea longipennis Fallen.‘ 
Only mid and hind tarsi yellowish, the fore pair blackened; hypopygial 
forceps of male stout; face without two small humps as above____ 3 


3. Thorax with four pairs of dorsocentral bristles; usually four series of 
setulae between the dorsocentrals ; male hypopygium as in figures 5, 6, 7, 
americana Malloch. 

Thorax with three pairs of dorsocentrals; six series of setulae between the 
dorsocentrals; male hypopygium as in figure 8____---_---- obscura Loew. 

4. Thorax and scutellum black, densely pale gray pruinescent, the margin of 
seutellum sooty black; abdomen yellowish testaceous; not annulated, fore 
and mid femora and fore tibiae partly blackened male hypopygium as in 


TEU ee ae ee eee lupulina Fabricius. 
Thorax and scutellum not as above; if gray pruinescent the scutellum 
haSno'sodty black! margin. 0% Jott eis) wit Dawe mi ee Bee 5 


4This species has been recorded from North America, but erroneously. The records 
without doubt refer to one or other of the next two species in key. 





arr. 12 KEYS TO SAPROMYZIDAE—MALLOCH AND McATEE., 15 


5 


10. 


de 


138. 


14. 


15. 


16. 


iG 


. Face pale shining testaceous, with a round shining brown or blackish spot 
on each side at middle; frons and parafacials concolorous with face, the 
former with three elongate black stripes, the latter with two round black- 
ish spots, one at base of antenna and the other below eye, 

eucephala Loew. 

Face not as above, unspotted, with a single central velvety black spot, 
or if with two blackish spots the entire head is densely gray prui- 
nescent and the other markings are not as above________--____-____ 6 


. Face without a central velvety black spot___-____-_-_-__--~_ ie a 


Hace wathjasecentral velvety black) spot: 222222242222 -hs. Pete ye he 15 

. Thorax largely or entirely blackish and densely gray pruinescent; hind 
tibia with a fuscous band near base and another at apex____---____ 8 
Thorax and abdomen yellowish testaceous, shining; hind tibia unicolorous 
Vellowish nota wlaAtewss SAO eee ee eee eS 11 

. Palpi black; large species, about 5 mm. in length; abdomen gray pruines- 
cent, the apical two segments each with a narrow fuscous fascia, scutel- 
lum not subtrunecate at apex__________- buchanani Malloch, new species. 
Palpi yellow; species in other respects not as above___-_--____-__-___ 9 


. Large species, 5-6 mm. in length; each adbominal tergite with a fuscous 


FASCIAG ANILEWIOD yess Ss fe et ee me ele Sie: ash Ber casey NAIA RS magna Coquillett. 
Smaller species, averaging less than 4 mm. in length; abdominal tergites 
without jeomplete: fasciaes4 be = _ Sees to sr ee AE ee ee 10 
Each abdominal tergite with a brownish black transverse spot on each side; 
UG OTAOT SVE) Oya S tae ee a a ee eee ab glauca Coquillett. 
Abdomen yellowish testaceous and without lateral spots____cana Melander. 
One of the setulae near upper extremity of the series on side of face strik- 
ingly longer and stronger than the others; arista almost bare, 
ordinaria Melander. 
All the lateral facial hairs small and weak; arista plumose or short- 
TE SRT hee EN ei ee CRE EP 2 ol oI IN a 2 
. Arista plumose; dorsum of thorax immaculate or with a more or less 
distinct grayish or fuscous median stripe; ocellar bristles longer than 
postvertical pair; second abdominal tergite of female with several long 
bristles on each side of posterior margin; abdomen unspotted but 
Sometimes: indistinctly; fasciate: 220 20k oc sre res eh ere ie a 13 
Arista short-haired, small species, not over 3 mm. in length; dorsum of 
thorax with a small brown spot at base of each bristle and hair; ocellar 
bristles very small; abdomen with a blackish central spot on each tergite 
except the first, and a smaller spot on each side of the apical two or three 
HOMIES Pe es ee ree hey cy Sos Fe cha Oe punctifer Malloch. 
Winesrdistinethysintuseated 222242 2S sen eS fumipennis Melander. 
VV aa TN SS pale UL Oy iS Tae settee oe aes eS ce a se a ees ae ep ee eee 14 
TOV Xe TA CU 8 te ere ees SS Se Pek! flaveola Coquillett. 
Thorax with a grayish or fuscous central stripe, 
flaveola, var. univittata Coquillett. 
Scutellum with a black mark on each side; base of antennae black____ 16 
Scutellum and antennae entirely yellow___-______________-__._________ 17 
Pienrassmmacnlate2 == a5s sess bene ae See octopunctata Wiedemann. 
Pleurae with one or two black spots_ octopunctata, var. slossonae Coquillett. 
Thorax quadrivittate; abdomen with conspicuous brown spots, 


valida Walker. 
Thorax and abdomen testaceous, immaculate_______-_ puncticeps Coquillett. 


16 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 63 
LIST OF SPECIES OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA REGION. 


*M. americana Malloch.—Common; has been collected from April 
24 to June 22. P.TI. 


*MINETTIA BUCHANANI Malloch, new species. 


Male.—Similar in color to magna, but the palpi are black, and the 
abdomen is densely gray pruinescent with a narrow fuscous fascia on 
middle of third and another on fourth tergites. The general habitus 
is similar to that of magna, but the arista has the hairs shorter than 
width of third antennal segment, the scutellum is not subtruncate 
apically between the bristles, there are more outstanding setulae in 
center of mesopleura which extend to below the bristle, and the size 
is smaller. 

Length, nearly 5 mm. 

Type.—Beltsville, Maryland, May 21, 1922, swept from herbage in 
woodland (J. R. Malloch). Cat. No. 26389 U.S. N. M. 

*M. glauca Coquillett—Great Falls, Virginia, May 19, 1915, Mc- 
Atee; Virginia near Plummer Island, May 20,1914, R. C. Shannon; 
Maryland near Plummer Island, June 5, 1903, W. V. Warner; Belts- 
ville, Maryland, May 2, 1915, on flowers of Aronia arbutifolia Mc- 
Atee; Marlboro, Maryland, May 18, H. S. Barber. 

M. lupulina Fabricius.—Very common; the extreme dates of col- 
lection are May 14 and October 5; has been taken on flowers of 
Ceanothus americanus, and Tephrosia virginica. P. I. 

*M. magna Coquillett.—This, the largest local species of the fam- 
ily, is fairly common; it has been collected from May 31 to September 
Léa! Meee 

M. obscura Loew.—Very common; the season as at present known 
runs from April 25 to June 29; comes to light; and has been col- 
lected on the ffowers of Arvuncus aruncus. P. I. 

M. ordinaria Melander.—Plummer Island, Maryland, August 26, 
1902, E. A. Schwarz and H. S. Barber; Chain Bridge, Virginia, 
September 18, 1921, Malloch; Washington, District of Columbia, 
August 13, N. Banks. 

M. puncticeps Coquillett—Plummer Island, Maryland, May 25, 
1902, H. S. Barber; May 23, 1914, June 8, 1914, at light, R. C. 
Shannon; June 15, 1905. D. H. Clemons. 

M. valida Walker—Has been collected several times at dates 
ranging from May 1 to October 14; comes to light. P. I. 


Genus SAPROMYZA Fallén. 
KEY TO SPECIES. 


1. Wings black, with numerous small clear spots, the most conspicuous one at 
apex; head, thorax and apical abdominal segment with numerous small 


act i 


ART. 12 KEYS TO SAPROMYZIDAE—MALLOCH AND McATEE, 17 


brown spots and dots, the greater part of abdomen dark brown, with pale 
gray pruinose spots at bases of bristles and setulae; thorax with four 
pairs of dorsocentrals and four or five pairs of strong acrostichals, 
stictica Loew.’ 
Wings clear, or at least without small clear spots on a dark ground_____2 
2. Wings with the anterior, or costal, half, and the cross-veins browned ; 
thorax quadrivittate with brown, and with three pairs of dorsocentrals and 
only one, prescutellar, pair of strong acrostichals; second costal division 
less than half as long as first; one genal hair much longer and stronger 
than cpherothenrsii4 sek eis PG Pe ee ee umbrosa Loew. 
Wings entirely hyaline; thorax with one pair of acrostichals________ 3 
8. Frons wholly glossy black, sometimes yellowish on anterior margin; thorax 
and abdomen wholly black, shining, the former with four pairs of 
dorsocentrals; face glossy black in center; second costal division a little 
less ‘thantihalé fas ONS AS Shr St = 2 les ek nes a A Me 4 
Frons not wholly glossy black, usually some part of it yellowish and 
except in the entirely yellow species with distinct pruinescence; if 
largely or entirely shining black, there are only three pairs of dorso- 
centrals; thorax with two to four pairs of dorsocentrals__—-_..__~~ 5 
4, Face and frons highly glossy, without pruinescence; third antennal segment 
at least four times as long as wide, not tapered to apex; longest hairs on 
arista decidedly longer than its basal diameter; acrostichals between 
dorsocentrals in two series____-----_--_-- quadrisetosa Thomson, variety. 
Face with distinct gray pruinescence below antennae; third antennal seg- 
ment not over 2.5 times as long as broad, tapered apically; longest hairs 
on arista not longer than its basal diameter; acrostichals between dorso- 
eentrals in four series_______ nigerrima Melander (=blaisdelli Cresson). 
Face with distinct gray pruinescence below antennae; third antennal seg- 
ment at least three times as long as broad, tapered apically; longest hairs 
on arista longer than its basal diameter; acrostichals between dorso- 
centrals in four series__ quadrisetosa Thomson (=—vanduzeei Cresson?). 
. Thorax with four pairs of dorsocentrals and distinct brown vittae; ab- 
domen with brown dorsal spots; second costal division much shorter 


Cn 


fam mhaliwasn long jas. first sti LSS GS LOC a ee 6 
Thorax with two or three pairs of dorsocentrals; second costal division 
almost ors quiteithalia aslong) asunrstloe) 20 oo Se a ee 10 


Thorax with four pairs of dorsocentrals, and without vittae; abdomen 
largely fuscous, without dorsal spots; second costal division fully half as 
long as first; legs entirely yellow; a large portion of third antennal seg- 
ment andthe. palpi. fuscous=2 2-2 fusciventris Malloch. 

6. Fore femur without a comblike series of minute setulae between middle 
and apex on anteroventral surface; bristles on posterior margins of 
dorsal abdominal segments not set in black or brown spots; no dark 
spot in front of mesonotal suture laterad of the outer vitta________ 7 

Wore femur with a comblike series of minute setulae between middle and 
apex on anteroventral surface; bristles on posterior margins of 
dorsal abdominal segments set in black or brown spots; a brown or 
fuscous spot in front of suture on mesonotum laterad of the outer 


5 See p. 25. This is now placed in a new genus but because of similarity to species of 
Sapromyza is inciuded in the above key. 


18 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vor. 65 


7. Apices of tibiae pale; superior forceps of male hypopygium long, but not 
very slender, their inner margins on apical third minutely serrate, inferior 
pair cleft at apices, the arms of dissimilar lengths; fifth sternite with 
two slender chitinized processes on posterior margin which are directed 
backward (figs. 10, 10a) ; no dark spot in middle of mesopleurum. 

serrata Malloch. 

Apices of tibiae blackened; superior forceps of male hypopygium not ser- 
rated on inner margins apically; usually a distinct brown spot in middle 
of, mesopleUruman=~ sett ee Ses SSB SRT Se pe ey Bear 8 

. Superior forceps of male hypopygium short and stout, inferior pair with 
the apical branches of almost equal size; fifth sternite of male with two 
slender backwardly directed processes on posterior margin (figs. 11, 12). 

; obtusilamellata Malloch. 

Superior forceps of male hypopygium long and slender, branches of inferior 
pair unequal in size (figs. 15, 15a) ; fifth sternite of male without processes 
on.posterior Mabeine <6. Sethe ss — ok eee quadrilineata Loew. 
9. Superior forceps of male hypopygium long and slender, inferior pair long 
and slender, much curved, with a short tooth beyond middle (fig. 13); 
larger species, 4 mm. in length, color pale, the spots on abdomen sometimes 

but little darker than remainder of segment; central pale stripe on 
mesonotum distinctly narrowed at anterior extremity. annulata Melander. 
Superior forceps of male hypopygium short and stout, their apical margins 
concave (figs. 14, 14a) ; small species, 3 mm. in length; color darker, the 
spots on abdomen always fuscous and much darker than remainder of 
segment; central pale stripe on mesonotum not distinctly narrowed at 
anterior sextremityjia2-226244ih lened gitar rm pictiventris Malloch. 

10. Thorax with two pairs of dorsocentrals; shining yellow species with 2 

round shining black spot on each side of the apical two or three abdomi- 

nal. tervites..2202-bescoss- fant oo pel oo gantty ar rotundicornis Loew. 
Thorax with three pairs of dorsocentrals, abdomen not as above______ 11 

11. Yellow species; frons glossy, with a black spot in middle; apical half of 
third antennal segment black (Wyoming, Montana)-__ cyclops Melander. 
Yellow species; frons shining unicolorous yellow; third antennal segment 
slightly infuscated above on apical half_____________ monticola Melander. 
Black species frons largely, antennae entirely, blackish_______________ 12 

12. Face with a round black or brown spot on each side in center; densely pale 

gray pruinescent species; thorax vittate; tibia with a pale band at base 


Os 


and, another: beyond, middle. = 424. use see a vittigera Coquillett. 
Face immaculate; moderately pruinose species, with the thorax not vittate 
and tibia not banded 13 


we — a ee ee iv 


13. Face and frons highly polished, only the facial orbits gray pruinescent; face 
slightly bulbous in center just below antennae; third antennal segment at 
least three times as long as wide; arista short haired; acrostichals in 


four irregulat seriess--2. 6 act hee Tin enpere T4_ te elisae Meigen. 
At least the face gray pruinescent, not bulbous; third antennal segment 
about, twice, as long, as) wide. = os a%.2- Ft ty yd ti ee 14 


14. Frons opaque, indistinctly reddish on anterior margin; thorax opaque, with 
rather dense brownish pruinescence, the acrostichals in two series; arista 
MOAT WA Ve se eee aa es ee ee ee brachysoma Coquillett. 

Frons shining, especially on orbits, conspicously reddish testaceous on 
anterior margin; thorax shining, faintly gray pruinescent, the acrostichals 
in four series between anterior dorsocentrals; arista pubescent, | 

hyalinata Meigen (=—nigrans Melander). 





art. 12 KEYS TO SAPROMYZIDAE—MALLOCH AND McATEE. 19 
LIST OF SPECIES OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA REGION. 


S. annulata Melander.—Fairly common in Piedmont areas; has 
been taken at Difficult Run, Virginia, September 14, 1913, R. C. 
Shannon; on Plummer Island, Maryland, June 8, 1914, at light, 
June 14, 1913, and July 31, 1913, R. C. Shannon; May 30, 1907, and 
June 7, 1914, McAtee, August 3, 1915, at light, V. A. Roberts; at 
Glen Echo, Maryland, at six dates extending from July 10 to 
August 28, Malloch; Maywood, Virginia, May 21, 1922, McAtee; 
and Beltsville, Maryland, May 21, 1922, Malloch. 

S. brachysoma Coquillett——Stubblefield Fall, Virginia, October 
23, 1921, Malloch; Dead Run, Virginia, March 18, 28, 1915, March 
12, 1916, March 18, 1922; April 4, 1915; and Maryland near Plummer 
Island April 5, 1914, R. C. Shannon. 

* 8. obtusilamellata Malloch—Glen Echo, Maryland, July 17, 
23, 1921, June 11, 1922; Cabin John, Maryland, July 31, 1921, 
Malloch. 

* S. pictiventris Malloch.—Fairly common; the season as at present 
known extends from April 23 to August 24. P. I. 

S. quadrilineata Loew.—Very common; extreme dates of collection 
are April 24 and September 23; comes rather frequently to light. 
; Eanes 

* 8. serrata Malloch.—District of Columbia, D. W. Coquillett : 
Rock Creek, District of Columbia, June 15, 1913, R. C. Shannon; 
Glen Echo, Maryland, June 1, 18, 25, July 2, 9, 1922, Malloch. 

* S. umbrosa Loew.—Plummer Island, Maryland, June 8, 1914, 
at light, E. A. Schwarz and R. C. Shannon; Glen Echo, Mary- 
land, June 25, July 2, 1922, Malloch; Beltsville, Maryland, June 
23, 1918, July 4, 1915, McAtee; June 25, 1915, R. C. Shannon; May 
21, 1922, Malloch; Odenton, Maryland, June 20, 1915, June 11, 
1922, McAtee. 

S. vittigera Coquillett—Stubblefield Fall, Virginia, October 23, 
1921; Glen Echo, Maryland, June 11, 1922, Malloch. 





Genus SAPROMYZOSOMA Malloch. 
KEY TO SPECIES. 


1. Wings with at least both cross-veins and the apices of second, third. 
and fourth veins distinctly infuscated_______-__2_ 2, 
eee with at most the cross-veins distinctly infuscated__2__________ 16 

. Third vein with two fuscous spots in addition to the one at inner cross- 
veineandnithe Onevatibapenitiste ai kbar See hee 3 
Third vein with only one fuscous spot in addition to the one at inner 
CrOSS=VElInVand-bhe-One..ab. APOX = so ee a SO ERI ES 6 


20 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 65 


8. Hind femur of male with many black setulae ventrally; thorax with three 
pairs of dorsocentral bristles; arista long haired; hind femur without 
preapical anteroventral bristle__________ notata Fallen [European only]. 

Hind femur of male without black setulae ventrally; arista shorthaired_ 4 

4, Hind femur without an anteroventral bristle near apex; thorax with four 

pairs. of dorsocentrals== —-es_ = ee ee ee occidentalis Malloch. 

Hind femur without an anteroventral bristle near apex; thorax with three 
pairs of dorsocentrals; arista very short haired, 

deceptor Malloch, new species. 

Hind femur with a rather strong outstanding anteroventral bristle near 

apex; thorax with three pairs of dorsocentrals_____________.___-__.__ 5 

5. Highth abdominal tergite with a backwardly directed spine at apex of the 
downwardly directed lateral extension on its posterior angle; hypopygium 
aS CHS ULES LON 20s ek TRO re ee eee tere eect ee enon a fraterna Loew. 

Highth abdominal tergite with a slightly curved downwardly directed spine 
at apex of the lateral process on its anterior angle; hypopygium as in 
Migures, 24. and 26__ 93 212). AEA nee Mis pernotata Malloch. 

6. Second, and sometimes part of basal or third segment of hind tarsus black- 

ened, in male the blackened parts generally dilated________________ i 
Hind tarsi pale, the segments in male not dilated____________________ 11 

7. Two segments of hind tarsus in male and female partly blackened; in males 

with a pair of long, apically dilated hairs at apex of the three basal seg- 


MOntS}s. 2432). swe dw be 2 ee tes ed EN ee Ee a eT 8 
Only one segment of hind tarsus blackened; no such hairs on tarsus of 
TNA OG 3 — 2 as Tie ee a Se Oe ee ae ee ee eRe! 9 


8. Second and third segments of hind tarsus in both sexes partly blackened, 
in male broadly dilated; almost all of marginal and submarginal cells of 
wings blackenedizi. 21 Sith. ici Fe ey ornatipes Johnson. 

Apices of basal and second segments of hind tarsus in both sexes blackened, 
the second in male broadly dilated; fuscous mark on costal margin of 
wings sometimes broadly interrupted along costa between cross-veins and 
again, narrowly, between apices of second and third veins, 

melanderi Johnson. 

. Costal margin of wing suffused from apex of auxiliary vein to apex of 
fourth, less distinctly so between cross-veins; second segment of hind 
tarsus distinctly but not greatly dilated in male; hind tibia without long 


Je) 


fine hairs apically on posterior surface_______________ houghi Coquillett. 
Costal margin of wing not suffused proximad of a vertical line drawn 
from: Outer “Cross Velo gas SAS ee ae Pee eee 10 


10. The spots at apex of second vein and on middle of ultimate section of third 
almost directly above outer cross-vein, sometimes connected with it; 
second segment of hind tarsus of male broader than long; hind tibia of 
male with some long fine hairs on posteru-ventral and posterior surfaces 
apically. sates ni ieee ag REA eee ae ah os, compedita Loew. 

The spots above referred to distinctly distad of the one on outer cross-vein 
and not connected with it; second segment of hind tarsus of male distinctly 
longer than wide; hind tibia of male without long fine hairs apically, 

disjuncta Johnson (similata Malloch). 

11. The entire costal margin of wings broadly brown including the costal and 


subcostal cells... ee ee es sheldoni Coquillett. 
Costal margin of wing largely hyaline, clouded only from a little before apex 

of: Second Vein <2 22 Se ee ee 1 

12. Thorax with 4 pairs of strong dorsocentral bristles___._________________ 3 


Thorax with 3 pairs of strong dorsocentral bristles___________-_________ 14 





ART. 12 KEYS TO SAPROMYZIDAE—MALLOCH AND McATEE. 21 


13. 


14. 


15. 


16. 


A632 


18. 


19. 


20. 


21. 


a2 


23. 


Arista plumose; the fuscous spot on middle of ultimate section of third vein 
of wing separated from the one at apex of second and much distad of the 
outer cross-vein ; hypopygium as in Figure 19___ philadelphica Macquart. 

Arista short haired; the spot at middle of ultimate section of third vein 
connected with the one at apex of second and directly above outer cross- 
vein; hind femur without preapical anteroventral bristle, 

conjuncta Johnson, 

Arista short haired; wing markings as in conjucta; hind femur with iat 
least one long preapical anteroventral bristle________ citreifrons Malloch. 

Thorax without differentiated acrostichals except the prescutallar pair; 
base of third vein pale; hind femur without an outstanding preapical 
anteroventral bristle; hypopygium as in Figure 22___ conjuncta Johnson. 

Thorax with well differentiated acrostichal bristles___________________ 15 

Hind femur of male without an outstanding bristle near apex on antero- 
yentral surface; base of third vein dark brown, much darker than the 
remainder of vein; two pairs of acrostichals proximad of anterior pair 
of dorsocentrals, the anterior pair much weaker than the second, 

fuscibasis Malloch. 

Hind femur with an outstanding bristle near apex on anteroventral surface 
in both sexes; base of third vein not darker than remainder of vein; one 
very strong pair of acrostichals proximad of the anterior pair of dorso- 
centrals proximad of which there are no well-developed bristles, 

incerta Malloch. 
Wing with both cross-veins broadly infuscated, the infuscation extending 


WELPGRTO THE MEM D Tae Lees Ne PRN a NEED SIRE a Sen ey 2 PE Ie EL SEP ca, 
Wing with the cross-veins not noticeably darker than the others; if so, the 
infuscation does not extend onto the membrane___________-___-___ 18 


Male with anteroventral and anterior surfaces of hind tibia and anterior 
surface of basal segment of hind tarsus with long, soft, erect hairs; the 
last abdominal sternite with an apical series of short black setulae; 


hypopyeinimeas) in Wigure 23224 A nubilifera Malloch. 
Male without soft, erect hairs on hind tibia and tarsus; last abdominal 
sternite with a few weak hairs apically_______________ nubila Melander. 
BNET a) ES sa mee oR Nd aR RRM Seen ST" Oe None NE 19 
LE TATE retin ahd ee om eal el rie phir ie sae ep ee 29 


Hind femur with a large number of short setulae on basal half of ventral 
surface; cheek over half as high as eye; hind tibia without erect, soft 


TED] 15 Soe we REE A ANE BAS Aah RANG INE REN Te ee littoralis Malloch. 
Hind femur without black setulae on basal half of ventral surface_____ 20 
Hind toi, without erect, soft hairs-ventrally 21 
Hind tibia with some soft, erect hairs ventrally______________________ 20 


Claws of mid tarsus unequal in size, the anterior one distinctly larger than 
the posterior, and peculiarly curved; cheek about half as high as eye; 
hairs on lower half of back of head and on cheek pale_____ harti Malloch. 

Claws of mid tarsus equal in length, with the normal curvature______ 22, 

Hind femur without a preapical bristle on anteroventral surface; sixth 


tergite of abdoment fully twice as long as fifth___-________________ 23 
Hind femur with a distinct preapical anteroventral bristle__________ 24 
Arista pubescent; hind femur with some fine, short hairs apically on poster- 

OVENETAN Sueha Ce wea wie Tins oe atc eS inaequalis Malloch. 


Arista short haired; ventral surfaces of hind femur entirely bare, 
nudifemur Malloch, new species. 


22 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 65 


24. Eighth abdominal tergite without an obtuse angle caudad of the slender 
downwardly projecting lateral process; hind femur without erect, soft 
hairs on posteroventral surface____--_-------_------- aequalis Malloch. 

FLighth adbominal tergite with an obtuse angle caudad of the process above 
referred to—i. e., the process is indistinctly proximad of the posterior 
lower angle (fig. 27) ; hind femur with fine, erect hairs on posteroventral 
SUELSCC 2 hens ee ie ee See tenuispina Loew. 

25. Hind femur without a long fine hair close to apex on posteroventral surface ; 
last abdominal sternite with two long tapering processes which are 
pointed, at.apleess— 2.42.4+ ede ea ee eee bispina Loew. 

Hind femur with one or more long fine hairs near apex on posteroventral 
surface, sometimes the entire surface has a fringe of hairs; apices of 
processes of last. sternite; rounded... 4.222.228 Shs she seen 26 

26. The lateral extensions of last abdominal sternite much longer than third 

antennal... segment 2.248 te a a ee eee eee 27 

The lateral extensions of last abdominal sternite not longer than third 

antennal. .sesiment). 2-5 ete ee ne ee ER 28 

. Hind femur with rather dense, long, fine hairs on its entire length postero- 

ventrally ; the small spine at base of the slender inner hypopygial forceps 

long. and simple, (fig,,.28) 2425, 2524-2. eee Ee ee imitatrix Malloch. 
Hind femur with sparse fine hairs on posteroventral surface which do not 
form a complete frings; the small spine at base of the slender inner 
hypopygial forceps short, furcate (fig. 25) _---_----__ fratercula Malloch. 

28. Seventh abdominal tergite with a group of short, black, setulose hairs at 
apex on each side; the fine, erect hairs on hind tibia confined to basel 
half. ne ee ee le a ee toe ee seticauda Malloch. 

Seventh abdominal tergite without such hairs; the fine, erect hairs on hind 
tibia extending almost the entire length of anteroventral surface and 
present on basal half of postero-ventral_________------_ cilifera Malloch. 

29. Hind femur without a distinct preapical anteroventral bristle, 

inaequalis Malloch. 

Hind femur with a distinct preapical anteroventral bristle________ -_ 30 

50. Seventh abdominal tergite compressed, almost cylindrical; cheek about or 
quite half as high as eye; cross-veins usually as pale as the other 
WLS a se a ee 31 

Several abdominal tergite not compressed nor cylindrical; cheek much 
less than half as,high as eyes. 22-24-2244 = ee 32 

81. Hind trochanters with minute black hairs on ventral surface; hairs on back 
of -head.;and;. cheeks. black: +. .3- 0 2 ent ee littoralis Malloch. 

Hind trochanters with very few weak pale hairs on ventral surface; hairs 
on lower half of back of head and cheek yellow, only the two bristles on 


lo 
=I 


lower Margin. posteriorly, black. - = 2 harti Malloch. 

32. Prosternum with a few black hairs; penultimate section of fourth vein 
distinctly over half as long as ultimate_____________--_~- bispina Loew. 
Prosternum:. bare. 2. eee ae ee eee 33 
33. Fore femur with two strong posteroventral bristles; cross-veins of wings 
noticeably darker than other veins__-.-------~_-__-__- tenuispina Loew. 

Fore femur with three or more posteroventral bristles; cross-veins of wings 
almost imperceptibly darker than other veins____--_~ seticauda Malloch. 


LIST OF SPECIES OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA REGION. 


S. aequalis Malloch.—Dead Run, Virginia, June 22, 1915, R. C. 
Shannon. 


ART. 12 KEYS TO SAPROMYZIDAE—MALLOCH AND McATEE, 23 


S. bispina Loew.—This species has been collected a number of 
times by various collectors on Plummer Island, Maryland, from May 
30 to August 4; and at Beltsville, Maryland, May 25, 1919, McAtee; 
Dead Run, Virginia, August 3, 1915, V. A. Roberts; and Chain 
Bridge, Virginia, August 20, 1922, Malloch. 

S. cilifera Malloch——Plummer Island, Maryland, May 9, 1914, 
R. C. Shannon. 

S. citreifrons Malloch.—Beltsville, Maryland, May 21, 1922, Glen 
Echo, Maryland, June 18, 1922, Malloch. 

S. compedita Loew.—Very common; has been collected on dates 
ranging from May 11 to October 9; in copula June 23; comes to 
light and visits the flowers of Castanea pumila and Ceanothus ameri- 
canus.. .N. Pal. 

S. conjuncta Johnson.—District of Columbia, D. W. Coquillet ;: 
Falls Church, Virginia, June 22, N. Banks; Dead Run, Virginia 
June 6, 1914, R. C. Shannon. 

S. disjuncta. Johnson.—Frequently taken during a season with 
May 25 and September 8 at its extremes; there are no records from 
the upper Potomac Valley where so many of the other species have 
been collected. 

S. fraterna Loew.—Dead Run, Virginia, June 22, July 28, 1915, 
R. C. Shannon; Cabin John, Maryland, July 31; August 8, Glen 
Echo, Maryland, July 17, August 8, 28, 1921, July 9, 16, August 6, 
22, 1922, Malloch. 

* S. fuscibasis Malloch.—Dead Run, Virginia, June 22, 1916, June 
29, 1915, R. C. Shannon; Falls Church, Virginia, August 7, N. 
Banks; Plummer Island, Maryland, June 29, September 13, 1914. 
McAtee; July 31, 1913, R. C. Shannon. 

S. houghé Coquillett—Has been taken a number of times, but 
does not appear at all common; season June 4 to August 26; in 
copula June 4, July 14; visits flowers of Ceanothus americanus and 
A olisma ligustrina. V. P. I. 

S. émitatriz Malloch.—Washington, District of Columbia, April 
17, 1923, E. N. Cory; Beltsville, Maryland, May 21, 1922, Malloch. 

* 8. incerta Malloch.—Common; dates of collection range from 
June 8 to October 2; comes to light. P. I. 

S. nubila Melander.—Arlington, Virginia, June 6, 1914, R. H. 
Hutchinson. 

S. nubilifera Malloch.—Plummer Island, Maryland, June 8, 1914, 
at light, R. C. Shannon; August 27, 19138, H. S. Barber; Cabin 
John Bridge, Maryland, June 14, 1913, R. C. Shannon. 

S. philadelphica Macquart.—Common; June 9 and September 28 
mark the extremes of the season during which it has been collected; 
comes to light. P. I. 


24 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, 65 


S, seticauda Malloch.—Plummer Island, Maryland, May 30, 1913, 
R. C. Shannon; June 2, 1912, July 19, 1914, McAtee. 

S. tenuispina Loew.—Great Falls, Virginia, June 21; Falls Church 
Virginia, June 24, N. Banks: Plummer Island, Maryland, May, 1908, 
William Palmer; May 23, 1914, June 9, 1913, R. C. Shannon; May 
24, 1914, June 29, 1913, McAtee; Glen Echo, Maryland, August 2, 
1922, Malloch. 


DESCRIPTIONS OF TWO NEW SPECIES. 
SAPROMYZOSOMA DECEPTOR Malloch, new species. 


Female.—Similar to fraterna in color. Most closely allied to no- 
tata Fallen, differing in having the wing markings less distinct, the 
arista with its longest hairs not noticeably longer than its basal 
diameter, and the bristles over all not so long and strong. 

Length, 38 mm. 

Type and one paratype.—White Mountains, New Hampshire (Mor- 
rison). Type, Cat. No. 26890. U.S.N.M. 


SAPROMYZOSOMA NUDIFEMUR Malloch, new species. 


Male.—Agrees with inaequalis and its allies in color, but in the two 
specimens before me there is a dark part on third vein beyond outer 
cross-vein at the point where the dark spot is present in those forms 
that have distinct spots on wings. There are no hairs between the 
acrostichal bristles but otherwise the thorax is as in tnaequalis. 
The tergites of abdomen descend so far that it is impossible to dis- 
tinguish the fifth sternite, but it has evidently no long processes. 

Length, 3 mm. 

Type and one paratype—Kaslo, British Columbia, June 23 and 
July 7 (R. P. Currie). Type, Cat. No. 26391. U.S.N.M. 


Genus PERISCELIS Loew. 


This genus is somewhat doubtfully placed in the Sapromyzidae 
owing to the lack of mesopleural and preapical tibial bristles as well 
as the presence of but one orbital bristle. The divergent postvertical 
bristles and peculiar subcostal vein, which is similar to that of the 
Trypetidae, distinguish the genus from any other in the three fami- 
lies dealt with in this paper, but it is more evidently related to 
Sapromyzidae than to any other family. 

At present it is recorded only from Illinois, where it has been 
taken on sap exuding from trees, but its small size and habits prob- 
ably accounts for its absence from collections. Malloch redescribed 
this genus under the name Phorticoides with one species, flint? Mal- 
loch, which may be synonymous with annulata Fallen, a European 
species. 


ART. 12 KEYS TO SAPROMYZIDAE—-MALLOCH AND McATEE. 25 


GENUS TRYPETISOMA Malloch, new genus. 


This genus is erected for the reception of Sapromyza stictica Loew. 
Characters as indicated in generic key on page 17. 

Grenotype.—Sapromyza stictica Loew. 

1. stictica (Loew ).—Originally described from District of Colum- 
bia material. For specific characters see key to species of Sapro- 
myzd, p. 1%. 


BIBLIOGRAPHY. 
COQuUILLETT, D. W. 


New species of Sapromyzidae. 
Can. Ent., vol. 30, no. 11, November, 1898, pp. 277-280. 
Describes Sapromyza magna from District of Columbia material, p. 279. 


New acalyptrate Diptera from North America. 
Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., vol. 10, no. 4, December, 1902, pp. 177-191. 
Describes Sapromyza glauca from Marlboro, Maryland, p. 177 . 
Lorw, H. 
Diptera Americae septentrionalis indigena. Complete work, 1872. 
Describes the following three species from our region: 
Sapromyza umbrosa District of Columbia, vol. 1, p. 132. 
Sapromyza stictica District of Columbia, vol. 1, p. 133. 
Laurania flaviceps District of Columbia, vol. 2, p. 110. 
Matirocu, J. R. 
Some undescribed North American Sapromyzidae. 
Proe. Biol. Soc. Wash., vol. 27, pp. 29-42, pl. 2, March 20, 1914. 
Records seven species from the vicinity of Washington, District of Co- 
lumbia, of which six are described as new. One of these Sapromyza 
similata proved to have been previously described as S. disjuncta John- 
son. 





Some new North American Sapromyzidae (Diptera). 

Can. Ent., vol. 52 ,ynos, 6-7, June-July, 1920, pp 126-128. 

Sapromyza fuscibasis, new species is described from Plummer Island, 
Maryland. 


Some new genera and species of Lonchaeidae and Sapromyzidae (Diptera.) 
Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vol. 25, no. 2, February, 1923, pp. 45-53. 
Hight new species from this region are described. 
MELANDER, A. L. 
A synopsis of the Sapromyzidae. 
Psyche, vol. 20, no. 2, April, 1913, pp. 57-82, pl. 3. 
Records five species from the District of Columbia. 


EXPLANATION OF PLATES. 
PLATE 1. 
Structural details of Lonchaeidae and Sapromyzidae. 


Fieure 1. Lonchaea polita, hypopygium of male, ventral view, one side. 
2. Lonchaea winnemana, head, dorsal view. 
3. Lonchaea nudifemorata, hypopygium of male, ventral view, one side. 
4, Lonchaea winnemana, wing. 
5. Minettia americana, hypopygium of male, ventral view, one side. 
6. Minettia americana, same, dorsal view, one side. 


26 


PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, 65 


Fieure 7. Minettia americana, same, lateral view. 

8. Minetta obscura, hypopygium of male, ventral view, one side. 
9. Minetta lupulina, hypopygium of male, ventral view, one side. 

10. Sapromyza serrata, hypopygium of male, side view. 

10a. Sapromyza serrata, inferior forceps. 

11. Sapromyza obtusilamellata, hypopygium of male, ventral view. 
12. Sapromyza obtusilameellata, same, rear view. 

13. Sapromyza annulata, hypopygium of male, rear view. 

13a. Sapromyza annulata, inferior forceps. 

14. Sapromyza pictiventris, hypopygium of male, rear view. 

14a. Sapromyza pictiventris, inferior forceps. 

15. Sapromyza quadrilineata, hypopygium of male, rear view 

15a. Sapromyza quadrilineata, inferior forceps. 


Figure 16. 


eae 
18. 
19. 
20. 
21. 


929 


——: 


99 


—_t?. 
24. 
. Sapromyzosoma fratercula, hypopygium of male, side view. 
6. 
. Sapromyzosoma tenuispina, superior forceps. 
8. 


Or 


=I 


ho wy w& bo 


PLATE 2. 
Hypopygia of Sapromyzidae. 


Camptoprosopella verticalis, genitalia of female, ventral view, one 
side. 

Camptoprosopella verticalis, hypopygium of male, side view. 

Sapromyzosoma fraterna, hypopygium of male, side view. 

Sapromyzosoma philadelphica, hypopygium of male, side view. 

Sapromyzosoma fraterna, inferior forceps of male. 

Sapromyzosoma fraterna, hypopygium of male, ventral view, one side. 

Sapromyzosoma conjuncta, hypopygium of male, side view. 

Sapromyzosoma nubilifera, hypopygium of male, side view. 

Sapromyzosoma pernotata, inferior forceps. 


Sapromyzosoma pernotata, hypopygium of male, side view. 


Sapromyzosoma imitatriz, hypopygium of male, side view. 


ADDENDUM. 


After the manuscript of this paper was sent to the press a paper 
by Dr. A. H. Sturtevant appeared in which he records Periscelis an- 
nulata Fallen from Alabama, South Dakota, and New Mexico.® 

In the same paper he describes a new genus and species, Sphyro- 
periscelis wheeleri Sturtevant, from Massachusetts. This genus dif- 
fers from Periscelis in having the frons much wider, about three 
times as wide as either eye, the antennal bases separated by about as 
great a distance as either is from eye, not rather closely approxi- 
mated, the front of frons flattened, and the outer cross-vein of wing 


lacking. 


We have not seen the genus. 


® Amer. Mus. Novit., No. 76, p. 1, May 21, 1923. 





U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 65, ART. 12, PL. | 





f . eet SSS 
hy aes 

\ 2 oss 

TTT ITINGONNSE SSS 





L winnemana 


M americana 6 






N 


Miicpatlina 





; G 15 
ey Stannulatz Sak : S guatbilineale 
12 , 
34a Sobtusilamecllata | 
ae 
Sa 


STRUCTURAL DETAILS OF LONCHAEIDAE AND SAPROMYZIDAE 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGES 25 AND 25 


U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 65, ART. 12, PL. 2 











= Z| ee Sconsunela 
Te SHA = 
20 
2i 
Spernotale 
24 
Slenuspina 
\ 27 
ees S. onidalrix 28 
26 


HYPOPYGIA OF SAPROMYZIDAE 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 26 





NEMATODE PARASITES OF THE BRAZILIAN LAND-TOR- 
TOISE, TESTUDO DENTICULATA. 


RESULTS OF THE MULFORD BIOLOGICAL EXPLORATION.— 
HELMINTHOLOGY. 


By Epwarp A. CHarrn, 
Of the United States Department of Agriculture. 


Among the numerous vertebrates brought to this country by the 
Mulford Expedition to northern South America were two specimens 
of the large land tortoise, Zestudo denticulata. ‘These animals died 
shortly after their introduction into the National Zoological Park 
and through the kindness of the United States National Museum 
authorities, the author was permitted to examine the viscera for 
parasitic worms. Four species of nematodes were found, three of 
which appear to be new to science. Two of the species fall into the 
Strongyloidea, one of them representing a new genus; of the re- 
maining two, one belongs in the Ascaroidea and the other in the 
Oxyuroidea. 


Superfamily STRONGYLOIDEA. 
Family STRONGYLIDAE. 


SAURICOLA, new genus. 


Generic diagosis—Strongylidae; Strongylinae, adults about 10 
mm. long, head about 140y in diameter. Buccal capsule small, shal- 
low. Capsule surrounded by two leaf-crowns. Cuticle surround- 
ing mouth forming a short mouth collar, limited behind by an 
annular constriction. Six circumoral papillae. Lateral papillae 
stout, apparently with terminal organ. Submedian dorsal and ven- 
tral papillae more slender, projecting beyond surface of cuticle, 
sharply angulate before apex in lateral view. Excretory pore 
behind the esophagus. Cervical groove and papillae absent. Nerve 
ring at posterior third of esophagus. Esophagus cylindrical, about 
twice as long as thick. Bursa of male short, dorsal, and lateral por- 
tions of membrane not separated, preanal bulla present, enclosing 





No. 2526—PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. 65, ArT. 13. 
1 


9 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 65. 


two slender prebursal papillae. Dorsal ray quadridigitate, externo- 


dorsal slender, postero-lateral and medio-lateral stout, subequal, 


externo-lateral more slender, ventrals subequal, stout, separated to 
base. Spicules long, slender, simple, gubernaculum small, simple. 
Vulva just before anus, vagina short, ovejector, and sphincter mus- 
cles not developed, uteri two and convergent. Eggs oval with thin 
shells, not embryonated within uterus. 

Genotype.—Sauricola sauricola, new species. 

As may be seen from the above diagnosis, this genus is rather 
closely related to the oesophagostomes, or nodular worms, from 
which it differs in the very short and thick esophagus, the absence 
of cervical papillae, the position of the excretory pore and the con- 
vergent uteri without muscular ovejectors. Apparently, this worm 
does not produce nodules in the intestine of the host. 

SAURICOLA SAURICOLA, new species. 

Specific diagnosis —Sauricola; body cylindrical, tapering slightly 
at extremities. Cuticle about 30y thick, with very coarse transverse 
striae. Mouth short, chitinous framework of buccal capsule 100v. 
in outside diameter, walls 15y thick and 22u high. Outer leaf crown 
of short and broad elements, inner crown of long slender acutely 
pointed blades which project beyond the opening of the mouth. 
Eighteen elements in each crown (fig. 1). Lateral papillae stout, 
each with an internal process at apical third. Esophagus 300y. long, 
(fig. 2), 170p thick, walls in anterior part thickly studded with stout 
conical teeth, nerve ring 180y behind the buccal capsule. Excretory 
pore 570y back of mouth collar. Intestine composed of two layers, a 
thin inner chitinized layer 5y thick and a thick outer muscular layer 
of varying thickness, averaging 50y in thickness. Lumen of in- 
testine of large diameter, about 50u. 

Male.—Tips of the inner of the four subdivisions of the dorsal ray 
reach the edge of the bursal membrane. Ventral rays separate near 
their origin (fig. 3). Externo-lateral arises near base of the com- 
bined medio- and postero-laterals. Separation of medio- and pos- 
terio-laterals occurs slightly beyond apical third of length. There 
is a dorsal process from the main trunk just before the separation 
of the lateral rays, as in Ocsophagostomum radiatum, Externo-dor- 
sal arises near base of dorsal trunk, which bifurcates at the middle 
of its length. Spicules (fig. 4) slender, equal, 2.36 mm. long. Guber- 
naculum 68» long. 

Female—Similar to male in size and general conformation. Pos- 
terior extremity of worm (fig. 5) mucronate, external opening of 
alimentary canal opens 115y in front of the extreme apex of worm, 
external cuticle extends 140y. into the worm to the true anus. Vulva 
opening 140y in advance of the external opening of the intestine. 


Art. 13. NEW NEMATODES FROM LAND-TORTOISE—CHAPIN. 3 


Vagina 1.5 mm. long, muscular but without muscular ovejector or 
sphincter. Uteri convergent, soon parallel, extending forward to 
just in front of the middle of the worm. Ovaries extending between 
the end of the uteri and the excretory pore. Eggs (in uterus) 
128.5 ¢p.. 

Host.—Testudo denticulata (Testudo tabulata). 

Location.—Intestine (large?). 

Locality.— Brazil, Para. 

Type—vU. 8S. N. M. Helm. Coll. No. 25446 in glycerine. Para- 
types (part in glycerine, part in 70 per cent alcohol), Cat. No. 
25394; also in the British Museum. 


Genus DELETROCEPHALUS Dies. 
DELETROCEPHALUS VARIABILIS, new species. 


Specific characters—Deletrocephalus; length! up to at least 8 
mm., form cylindrical, tapering sharply at anterior end, cuticle with 
widely spaced transverse striae, mouth collar distinct, circumoral 
papillae six, laterals about 20p long, apical half cylindrical and much 
smaller in diameter than basal half, submedian about 10y long, 
simple. Buccal capsule (fig. 6) surrounded by a chitinous ring; 
10p. deep by about 40y. across. Leaf crown single, composed of 
eighteen slender leaves, each leaf with conspicuous angular bend at 
about the middle. Esophagus about 370u long, slightly enlarged 
posteriorly, lumen with three longitudinal rows of chitinous bosses, 
extending through the anterior three-fourths of the length. Nerve 
ring just in front of the middle of the esophagus. LExcretory pore 
at or just behind the esophago-intestinal valve. Cervical papillae 
conspicuous, about one-fourth length of esophagus behind its poste- 
rior extremity. Intestine slender, with a few small caecal dilations 
towards the posterior end, especially in the female. 

Male.—Bursa (fig. 7) feebly trilobed, dorsal ray normally divided 
into three trunks, each of which may, and usually does, bifurcate. 
Kixterno-dorsal rays slender, arising about middle of dorsal trunk. 
Trunk of lateral rays stout, trifurcating at about middle. Postero- 
lateral and externo-lateral rays stout, medio-lateral more slender 
and joined at its base with the externo-lateral, tips of medio-lateral 
and externo-lateral approach one another. Ventrals similar and 
parallel, their tips approximate. Prebursal papillae absent. Spi- 
cules (fig. 8) slender, similar, 1.54 mm. long, each with a lateral 
ala which commences just behind the apex and travels in a long 
spiral about the spicule, completing three-fourths of one complete 
circuit. 


1No mature females available for study. 


+ PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 65. 


Female——Aunus 86y. before the end of the short conical, conspicu- 
ously annulate tail (fig. 9). Vulva 32y before anus. Vagina strongly 
muscular, 180n. long. Uteri two, convergent, running parallel and 
forward nearly to excretory pore. 

Host.—Testudo denticulata. 

Location.—In intestine. 

Locality —Brazil, Para. 

Types.—U. 8. N. M., Helm. Coll. No. 25445 in glycerine. Para- 
types, Cat. No. 25393 (part in glycerine, part in 70 per cent alcohol) ; 
also in the British Museum. 


Superfamily ASCAROIDEA. 
Family ASCARIDAE. 


Genus ANGUSTICAECUM Baylis. 


ANGUSTICAECUM BREVISPICULUM, new species. 


Specific characters —Angusticaecum; length up to 120 mm., 
greatest diameter 3 mm. Head (figs. 10, 11) 0.5 mm. in diameter, 
lips twice as broad at base as high, somewhat rounded. Cuticle 
transversely striate at intervals of 6. Intestinal caecum slightly 
more than half length of and about one-fourth as thick as the 
esophagus. Esophagus one fifteenth of the total length. Posterior 
end of worm mucronate. Anus subterminal. 

Male—Spicules (fig. 12) subequal in length (1.4 and 1.3 mm.), 
one much thinner (28) than the other (85y). Opening of cloaca 
about 150y in front of the posterior extremity. Behind the cloaca 
there are five pairs of papillae and two single papilliform structures, 
these last probably glandular. Directly in front of the cloaca there 
is a transverse sinuous line of five papillae and, extending anteriorly 
from the second and fourth papillae of this row are two files of 
papillae, sixteen in each. 

Female.——Vulva a transverse slit just before the middle. Vagina 
about 4 mm. long, uteri double and convergent, reaching nearly to 
posterior extremity of worm, ovaries intricately coiled about the 
uteri throughout their length. Anus about 1 mm. in front of the 
tip of the tail. Eggs 114-142 by 71-85y with thick smooth shell. 

Host.—Tesetudo denticulata. 

Location.—Intestine. 

Locality —Brazil, Para. 

Types.—U. S. N. M., Helm. Coll. No. 25406 in 70 per cent alco- 
hol. Paratypes, Cat. No. 25407, in 70 per cent alcohol. 

Augusticaecum holopterum (Rudolphi) was originally described 
as a parasite of the green sea turtle, Chelonia mydas, and as having 


oni 


ArT. 13. NEW NEMATODES FROM LAND-TORTOISE—CHAPIN. 5 


the head and body alate. The present species comes from a land 
tortoise and is without alae. Whether the nematode found in 
Testudo graecca of Europe is the same as Ascaris holoptera Rudolphi 
is another question but the great difference in the habits of the hosts 
would lead one to suspect a misidentification. 


Superfamily OX YUROIDEA. 
Family OXYURIDAE. 


Genus LABIDURIS Schneider. 
LABIDURIS GULOSA (Rudolphi). 


Syn.: Labiduris zschokket Linstow. 

Many hundred specimens of a worm which I refer to the above 
species were collected from the intestine (colon?) of Zestudo dentic- 
ulata. An examination of the specimens shows a great range of 
variation in the length of the spicules, length of the acute tail and 
position and number of the preanal papillae. In ten male speci- 
mens selected at random, the spicules measured from 0.48 mm. to 
0.60 mm. The acute portion of the tail may be as short as the dis- 
tance from the opening of the cloaca to the base of the tail or more 
than twice that length. In front of the cloaca there may be as 
many as five papillae in each of the submedian rows with either none, 
one or two on either side of the rows. There are, however, usually 
three papillae in each submedian row. 

The points of difference between Z. gulosa (Rudolphi) as de- 
scribed by Schneider and ZL. zschokkei Linstow, as brought out in 
von Linstow’s original description are (1) tail long in Z. gulosa and 
short in L. zschokkei and (2) one papillae outside of either sub- 
median row in the former, two in the later. As these differences 
do not appear to hold in a large series, I am placing von Linstow’s 
species in synonymy. Both species were described from TZestudo 
tabulata, which equals Testudo denticulata. 


EXPLANATION OF PLATES. 


PLASE 1, 


Vig. 1. Sauricole sauricola, new species. Front view of head. 
9 ’ 


Fic. 


2: % pe? , 7 Lateral view of anterior end. 
a ¥ 3 %3 iz Posterior end of male. 
4. ¥ ) if 4 Spicules and gubernaculum of male. 


E- ” t> 3 ss 


Posterior end of female. 
PLATE, 2: 


6. Deletrocephalus variabilis, new species. Lateral view of anterior end. 

¥ p if: 2 Posterior end of male. 

Extremities of spicule. 

} Posterior end of female. 

10. Angusticaecum brevispiculum, new species. Front view of head, dorsal 
lip slightly displaced. 

11. 3 a ” Kg Lateral view of head. 

1D :” 7 ef 7} Posterior end of male. 


3° 9” 33 ” 


39 ” 33 ” 


fO (OcEN 


6 





U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 65, ART. 13 PL I 





0.2mm 
SAURICOLA SAURICOLA, NEW SPECIES. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 6. 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 65, ART. 13 PL2 









Sees ever a 





DELETROCE PHALUS VARIABILIS, NEW SPECIES, AND ANGUSTICAECUM BREVISPICULUM, 
NEW SPECIES. 


For EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 6. 





A REMARKABLE NEW GENUS AND SPECIES OF MER- 
MITHID WORMS FROM JAMAICA. 


By G. STEINER 
Of the Bureau of Plant Industry, United States Department of Agriculture. 


On September 29, 1922, the Federal Horticultural Board, through 
the kindness of E. R. Sasscer, submitted five Mermithid specimens 
taken at Philadelphia, Pa., from soil about plant cuttings from 
Jamaica by Inspector C. A. Davis on September 25, 1922. These 
tive Mermithids all belong to the same species, which is new to 
science, and is the representative of a new genus, remarkable in 
several respects. Our knowledge of the Mermithidae is still very 
limited. This family of parasitic nemas is of high economic im- 
portance and much more interest should be taken in it. 


ALLOMERMIS,! new genus. 


Diagnosis—A genus of the family of Mermithidae with only four 
head papillae, with a mouth opening lying ventrad behind the head 
papillae, with amphids (lateral organs) near the front of the head- 
end and so lying farther forward than the head papillae, with a 
single dorsal suspensory or retractory muscle on the oral part of the 
oesophageal tube, with a vagina bent in a transverse plane of the 
body, with a pair of spicula and the cuticle with cross-fibers. 

Type species —Allomermis trichotopson? new species. 

The genus is closely related to Paramermis, but differs from it in 
having only four head papillae, whereas Paramermis has six; it 
differs also in having in the male two spicula while Paramermis has 
only one. The presence of cross-fibers in the cuticle is also a distine- 
tive character since no Paramermis hitherto described has them. 
The genus Pseudomermis, which has the same number of head 
papillae as Allomermis (only four), differs in the position of the 
amphids. In Pseudomermis they have the normal position behind 
the lateral papillae and the mouth opening has its normal place on 
the front of the head-end. 

Therefore the new genus Allomermis seems to be well separated 
and distinetly different from any other hitherto described Mermithid 
genus. As to relationship, it stands next to Pseudomermis. Consid- 
ering the fact that Al/omermis has the mouth opening and _ the 








1 ad\d\os — otherwise, differently. 
2 tpixwTos =—hairy, you — egg. 


No. 2527—PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. 65, ArT. 14. 
45554—25—Proe.N.M.vol.65——27 1 


2 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 65. 


amphids shifted as in some forms of Paramermis, one might regard 
it as being closer to this genus, but the paired spicula and the num- 
ber (four) of the head papillae speak against such a relationship. 
ALLOMERMIS TRICHOTOPSON, new species. 
Plates 1-2. 
Number of specimens.—3 females, 2 males. 


Habitat—Soil, Jamaica. 
Measurements.—Formula of Cobb: 


Pharynx. Nerve-ring. Neck. Vulva. Posterior end of fat body. 











? 1.9 ? 61. 0 98. 4 
Female: > +e Okie Te eee 12 = 12 mm. 
Male sex opening. 
? Dey a 50 98. 0 
Male: 5 1 ' De ae 13 9. 7 mm. 
Formula of de Man: 
Female Male 
a—83. 3 66. 6 
Bstiee a 
7—76. 0 50. 0 


Length of female No. 2-11 mm. 
Length of female No. 3-16 mm. 
Length of male No. 2-11 mm. 


The size of this species if compared with that of other Mermithids 
is rather small. The cuticle was detached from the hypodermis and 
so its thickness could not be exactly measured. On the surface is a 
layer of cross-fibers. 

The hypodermis has apparently eight longitudinal chords,’ of 
which the lateral, measured on the surface, are about 42 microns 
wide, the dorso-medial about 8 microns, the ventro-medial and the 
four submedial 3-4 microns; it seemed that all of them are about 
equally distant from each other. 

The head-end is bluntly rounded as shown in Figures 1-4. Its 
structure is very characteristic. The mouth opening is situated some 
distance behind the head papillae and has therefore a decidedly 
ventral position. JI know no other nema with such remarkable loca- 
tion of the mouth opening. Some species of the genus Paramermis 
have a shifted mouth opening, but there it still les between’ the 
anterior extremity and the circle formed by the papillae. Only in 
P. gastrostoma, a species described earlier by the writer, and in P 
hempeli, described recently by Micoletzky, and closely related tc 
P. gastrostoma, is the mouth opening situated on the same level witl 
the head papillae. 





3 Proposed by Doctor Cobb for use in place of the rather unsatisfactory term “ longitu- 
dinal fields’; it may be used in the same way as the German term ‘“ Lingswiilste.” 





ArT. 14. A NEW MERMITHID WORM FROM JAMAICA—-STEINER. 3 


But this is not the only peculiarity in the structure of the head- 
end. Whereas the mouth opening is shifted backward and down 
from the top of the head, two other organs, namely the amphids, are 
shifted forward and nearer to the top of the head. These amphids 
lie throughout the nematode class laterally behind the head papillae. 
As far as I know only the above-mentioned Paramermis, species 
which have a shifted mouth opening, have also shifted amphids; in 
these species they are found on the same level with the head papillae 
or even a little farther forward. But Allomermis trichotopson rep- 
resents in this transformed arrangement the extremest case, the 
mouth opening located farthest caudad, the amphids, farthest for- 
ward. There are four submedian head papillae situated at the 
normal place. 

The mouth opening is a rather narrow, thin-walled channel 
through the cuticle and lower subcuticle layers, leading to the begin- 
ning of the cutinized esophageal channel (fig. 1). The latter at its 
beginning is dorsally attached by a rather strong muscle passing 
obliquely caudad and dorsad. This muscle certainly functions in a 
double way, as suspensory muscle for the end of the esophageal 
channel and as a retractor muscle. A protractor muscle is appar- 
ently not needed because of the elasticity of the skin, the exoskeleton. 

The amphids are, as shown in Figure 6, pouch-like organs; the bot- 
tom of the pouch is connected with a nerve and with what seems to 
be a glandular cell; from the bottom of the pouch, which is per- 
forated, rise the terminals, thread-like end organs of the nerve, 
which are perhaps chemical in function. 

There is a difference between the amphids of the male and female 
in so far as those of the male are larger; such a sexual dimorphism 
is not uncommon among Mermithids. 

The length of the esophageal tube could not be determined, but it 
probably runs down to near the vulvar opening; I could follow it 
near to the midst of the anterior uterus. 

The so-called fat body is filled with rather small globules so that 
the cell walls even in the cleared specimens could not be distinctly 
seen. Opposite the vagina the fat body was separated, perhaps to 
give space to the sexual organs. 

The vulva is a cross-fissure (fig. 7) leading into a tubular sigmoid 
vagina bent in a transverse plane of the body. Numerous, chiefly 
circular, but also longitudinal, muscle fibers form the wall of the 
vagina. This latter opens at right angles into the uteri which are 
outstretched forward and backward. The structure of the two 
ovaries and their outlets could not be seen, but each ovary is bent 
backwards and its end may lie at half the distance to the vulva. A 
great number of very typically formed eggs were in the uteri. They 
were spherical, had a rather strong shell covered with numerous 


4 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, 65. 


hair-like processes, or perhaps even prickles (fig. 9). There is no 
other JZermis known as yet with such eggshell appendages. 

The female tail end is represented in figure 10; it has the same 
blunt ending as that of the male (fig. 11) ; the female specimen whose 
tail end is sketched is shghtly intersexual as shown by the presence 
of male papillae near the end. 

The male tail end is shown in figures 11 and 12. There are two 
spicula, rather short, shghtly curved; the retractor muscles are to 
be seen on figure 12 and the protractores on figure 11. The male 
papillae ave arranged in three double series, the longest ventro- 
medial, the two others submedial (fig. 12). 

Type.—U.S.N.M., Helminthological Collections No. 26078; para- 
tvpes No. 26079. 





LITERATURE CITED. 


STEINER, G., Studien an Nematoden aus der Niederelbe. I. Teil: Mermithi- 
den. Mitt. Zool. Mus. Hamburg, vol. 35, 1918. 

Micorerzky, H., Mermithiden und freilebende Nematoden aus dem Grund- 
schlamm des Attersees in Oberésterreich. Zool. Anz., vol. 55, p. 240, 1923. 


EXPLANATION OF PLATES. 
Prana 
Allomermis trichotopson, new species. 


Mire. 1. Lateral view of a male head end; amph, amphid; or, mouth opening ; 
ppl, small supplementary papilla between dorso-submedial papilla 
and amphid; rfret oe mse, retractor and suspensor muscle of the oral 
end of the oesophageal tube. 

2. Ventral! view of the head end; amph, amphid; ds ppl, dorso-submedial 
papilla; vs ppl, ventro-submedial papilla ; or mouth opening. 
3. Dorsal view of the head end; amph, amphid; dsl p, thickening of the 
subeutanean tissue of the dorsal side ;. ppl, dorso-submedial papilla. 
4. Frontal view of the head end; a@nph, amphid; or, mouth opening; 
s ppl, submedial papilla. 
Head end of a female specimen; nrv vr; nerve ring; compare thie 
somewhat smaller amphid of this female with the amphid of the 
male on Fig. 1. 


On 


PLATE 2. 
Allomermis trichotopson, new species. 


Vic. 6. Schematic sketch of the amphid; gl, glandular cell; nrv f, nerve fiber: 
t, terminal. 

Ventral view of the vulva, the vagina, and the uteri. 

8. Lateral view of the vulvar section of the body. 

9. Egg. 

10. Female tail end, slightly intersexual; ppl, male papillae. 

11. Lateral view of the male tail end; brs msc, bursal muscle; det ej, 
ductus ejaculatorius; f, fat body; p, protractor spiculi; sp, spiculum. 

12. Ventral view of the male tail end; vm ppl, ventro-medial series of male 
papillae; d vs ppl, vs ppl, dextero-ventro-submedial series of male 
papillae. 





eee eee eee he 





U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS VOL. 65, ART. 14. PL. 1 









































A NEw GENUS OF MERMITHID WORM 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 4 


PROCEEDINGS VOL. 65, ART. 14. PL.* 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 

















A New GENUS OF MERMITHID WORM 





FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 4 





U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 65, ART. I5 PL. | 


EAST GALLERY 


FOR DESCRIPTION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 2 


HISTORY OF MEDICINE EXHIBITS. 





THE MAGIC, PSYCHIC, ANCIENT EGYPTIAN, GREEK, 
AND ROMAN MEDICAL COLLECTIONS OF THE DIVI- 
SION OF MEDICINE IN THE UNITED STATES NA- 
TIONAL MUSEUM 


By CHarLtes WHITEBREAD 
Assistant Curator, Division of Medicine, United States National Musewm 


INTRODUCTION. 


The origin of the materia medica collection of the United States 
National Museum dates back to 1881. In 1882 the drug collection 
which had been exhibited at the Centennial Exposition at Phila- 
delphia in 1876 was transferred to the Museum by the Department 
of Agriculture. For a time the efforts of the section of materia 
medica were confined almost exclusively to procuring authentic 
specimens of medicinal materials. Some years later the scope of the 
section was enlarged to include exhibits visualizing the history of 
the healing art, and in 1898 the more comprehensive name of division 
of medicine was substituted for the “ section of materia medica ” 
theretofore used. The scope of activities of the division was again 
enlarged in 1916, this time to include the history of pharmacy, public 
hygiene and sanitation, and the division, which up to that time had 
been administered under the department of anthropology, was made 
a unit of the department of arts and industries. 

The materia medica collection has served the purpose of giving 
the general public an easy reference to specimens of “ official” me- 
dicine and has afforded students of medicine and pharmacy the 
opportunity of studying this subject in its various details. The 
subjects of history of pharmacy, public hygiene and sanitation, be- 
cause of their comparatively recent addition to the activities of the 
division, have not progressed to the same degree of perfection as the 
materia medica and history of medicine collections, but with the 
cooperation of the various government departments and outside 
agencies interested in these subjects, extensive plans for their de- 
velopment are now under way. 

This paper has been prepared to meet the demand for labels and 
information concerning the historical medical collections, and to 


No. 2528.—PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VoL. 65, ArT. 1I5. 
1 


2 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 65. 


make the exhibits of value not only to those who find it conveni- 
ent to pass through the exhibition halls, but to many others. In en- 
deavoring thus to carry into effect the purpose of the Smithsonian 
Institution, “the increase and diffusion of knowledge among men,” 
it has been considered preferable to describe small groups of related 
exhibits in detail rather than to compile a larger and more complete 
list which would necessarily be limited to very meager information. 

The collections herein described are located on the east gallery. 
Arts and Industries Building. Plate 1 gives a view of one side of 
the gallery. Plates 2, 3, 4, and 5 show the arrangement of the 
separate exhibits. 


EARLY THEORIES OF DISEASE. 


Disease, a malevolent spirit, assuming material form either animate 
or inanimate, attacking the victim with or without provocation. 
Primitive. 

Disease, a spirit, acting at the suggestion of a human enemy 
possessing supernatural powers. (Sorcery, witchcraft, conjury.) 
Savage and half-civilized people. 

Disease caused by the angered spirits of the dead, either men or 
animals, or even plants. Savage and half-civilized people. 

Disease, a punishment, inflicted by an offended deity. Ancient. 

Disease due to the influence of the planets or other heavenly 
bodies. Astrology. 

Disease due to a disturbance in the relative proportions or dis- 
tribution of the fluids, or “ humors” of the body, namely, blood, 
phlegm, black bile, and yellow bile. (Hippocrates, Galen.) 


ARRANGEMENT OF EXHIBITS. 


Magic medicine: Exorcism; invocation; incantation; amulets and 
charms; talismans; fetiches; transference of disease; signatures: the 
evil eye; sympathetical cures. 

Psychic medicine: Music; metallotherapy; laying on of hands; 
royal touch; hypnotism. 

Pharmacological medicine: Egyptian medicine; Greek and Roman 
medicine. 

MAGIC MEDICINE. 


Magic is the “ pretended art of producing supernatural effects by 
bringing into play the action of supernatural or spiritual beings, of 
departed spirits, or of the occult powers of nature.” Its application 
to the treatment of disease is magic medicine. The agents may be 


BEY 


EDINGS, VOL. 65, ART. 15 


PROC 


U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 


PPE IS AF SOREL 


5E2° BT CAPRA AK: 


MEDICAL EXHIBITS—MAGIC MEDICINE 


FOR DESCRIPTION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 2 





ety ta Be ee ae 


ART. 15. HISTORY OF MEDICINE EXHIBITS—-WHITEBREAD. o 


gods or demons, disembodied spirits of men, animals, plants, or 
minerals, or may be occult influences residing in, or exerted through, 
certain natural objects. These agents or influences are brought into 
action by invocations, sacrifices, incantations, and ceremonials of 
rarious kinds. 

In so far as these magic arts produce physiological and remedial 
effects, which they undoubtedly sometimes do, they might be classi- 
fied under the head of psychic or mind medicine, the mental state 
aroused by a firm belief in their efficacy causing modifications of 
physiological function and even tissue change. 

Magic medicine is especially characteristic of the earlier stages 
of human development, when all natural forces were personified, 
and disease and death believed to be caused by malignant spirits. 





Wig. 1.—INDIAN MEDICINE MAN’S RATTLE. 


The collection only outlines the subject of magic medicine, which 
covers a wide field for investigation and illustration. 

Exorcism.—Casting out evil spirits by religious or magic for- 
mulas or ceremonies. A mode of healing the sick as old as the history 
of medicine. Has been practiced by the people of all ages and in all 
stages of civilization. It is still an authorized religious ceremony. 

Indian medicine mans rattle--Made of wood, covered with buckskin in 
imitation of a turtle. Used in the ceremonies of exorcism (fig. 1). Cat. No. 
165,848, U.S.N.M. 

Animal mask—Worn by Indian medicine man in the practice of exorcism 
(fig. 2). Cat. No. 67,957, U.S.N.M: 

Invocations.—Prayers for the assistance of disembodied spirits 
of animals or men, or the mythical gods and heroes, or of the Deity, 
commonly used as an accompaniment of other remedial measures, 
are among the oldest, most persistent, and most widely diffused of 
the means employed for the cure of disease. 

45554 25— Proec.N.M.vol.65——28 


4 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 65. 


Isis.—One of the principal deities of ancient Egypt. The following prayer 
was used while preparing medicines, and before taking the same: 
May Isis heal me, as She healed Horus of all the ills inflicted 
upon him when Set slew his father Osiris. O Isis, thou great en- 
chantress, free me, deliver me from all evil, bad and horrible 





Fic, 2.—ANIMAL MASK. 


things, from the God and Goddess of evil, from the God and God- 
dess of sickness, and from the unclean demon who presses upon 
me, as thou didst loose and free thy son Horus. Baas’s History 
of Medicine. 
Indian invocations. Fern roots—For the cure of rheumatism. The com- 
mon belief of the Indians regarding rheumatism is that it is caused by the 


~ 


aRT. 15. HISTORY OF MEDICINE EXHIBITS—-WHITEBREAD. o 


revengeful spirits of slain animals, especially deer. The disease can only be 
driven out by some more powerful animal spirit. The doctor invokes the aid 
of the Red Dog of the East, the Blue Dog of the North, the Black Dog of the 
West, the White Dog of the South, and finally the White Terrapin of the 
Mountain, in separate prayers. While reciting the prayers the doctor rubs 
the afflicted part with a warm solution of fern roots and at the end of each 
appeal he blows once upon the part. Cat. No. 143,087, U.S.N.M. 


Incantations.—Magical words said or sung. A mode of treatment 
employed by the Persians and Greeks, and transmitted by tradition 
down to the “ folk-medicine” of the present day. 

Abracadabra.—This Was one of the most famous of the ancient incantations 
employed in medicine. Its mystic meaning has been the subject of much in- 
genious investigation, but even its derivation has not been agreed upon. The 
first mention of the word is found in the poem ‘“ De Medicina Praecepta Sal- 
uberrima,” by Quintus Serenus Samonicus, a noted physician in Rome in the 
second and third centuries. In addition to being used as an incantation it was 
used as an amulet or charm. ‘“* Write several times on a piece of paper the 
word ‘Abracadabra,’ and repeat the words in the lines below, but take away 


‘PR ACCA. DA BRA abtracadab ra 
eRe O25 Da Act: he saabnc pe d.a-b-r 
ASB RA CA DAB abracadab 

ASB aRe A © Ar) A: abracada 


ASB Real ALD abracad 
ABRACA abvraca ABRACADABRA 
AGB ReAwe abrac BRACADABR 
A BRA: ab Tf a RACADAB 
ABR Ber ACADA 
AB ab CAD 
A a A 


Fig. 3.—ABRACADABRA. 


letters from the complete word and let the letters fall away one at a time in 
each succeeding line. Take these away ever, but keep the rest until the writing 
is reduced to a narrow cone. Remember to tie these papers with flax and bind 
them round the neck.” After wearing the charm for nine days it had to be 
thrown over the shoulder into a stream running eastwards. This incantation 
and charm was believed to be beneficial in treating fevers and various other 
diseases (fig. 3). 

Incantation.—‘A prayer and incantation for visiting of sick folkis.” Used 
by Agnes Sampson, a famous witch of England, who was burned in 1590. 


“All kindis of illis that euer may be, 
In Chrystis name I conjure ye, 

I conjure ye, baith mair and less, 
By all the virtues of the mess, 

And rycht sa, by the naillis sa, 
That naillit Jesu, and na ma, 

And rycht sa by the samyn blude, 
That reiket ower the ruthful rood, 
Furth of the flesh and of the bane, 
I conjure ye in Goddis name.” 


6 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 65 


Amulets and charms.—Amulets are material charms whose purpose 
is to protect the wearer against real or imagined dangers—witch- 
craft, evil eye, sickness, disease, acccidents, ete. They are of various 
kinds and formed of different substances: Natural, as stones of a 
peculiar shape, roots, leaves, seeds, horns, teeth and claws of animals. 
various metals, etc., or artificial, as rings, strings, representations of 
the hand, eye, crescent, beads, etc., and written charms, quotations 
from sacred writings. The use of charms is practically world-wide, 
wherever the belief in witchcraft, evil eye, and demons is specially 
pronounced. But they are in special favor with the eastern nations and 
are very common in Mohammedan countries. The Mohammedans 
frequently use as amulets either a small copy of the whole Koran, 
the sacred book of the Mohammedan religion, or certain portions of 
it. The writing is covered with waxed cloth to preserve it from ac- 
cidental pollution, and inclosed in a case of gold or silver, which 
is attached to a silk string, or a chain. 


Peony root.—Carried in the pocket as a preventive of insanity. The root, 
or a necklace of beads, is suspended from the necks of children to prevent 
convulsions, and to cure epilepsy. Cat. No. 143,069, U.S.N.M. 

Chestnut.—A_ horse-chestnut (begged or stolen) carried habitually in the 
pocket, as a preventive of rheumatism. A widely spread superstition among 
all classes of society. Cat No. 148,070, U.S.N.M. 

Scarlet silk.—A skein of searlet silk thread, tied with nine knots, worn 
around the neck to prevent bleeding at the nose. Cat. No. 148,071, U.S.N.M. 

Rabbit's foot—The right forefoot worn in the pocket to prevent rheumatism. 
Cat. No. 148,068, U.S.N.M. 

Mistletoe-—Small branches of the mistletoe, Viscum albwm, worn suspended 
from the neck as a specific against epilepsy, and an antidote for poisons. It 
should be cut with a gold knife, and when the moon is only six days old. 
Cat. No: 143,102, U.S.N.M. 

Amulet.—A leather strap, with buckle, made from a part of a harness 
which has been worn by a horse. Firmly buckled around the wrist, and worn 
constantly, it greatly strengthens the muscles and ligaments, and cures sprains 
and other local affections. Cat. No. 148,111, U.S.N.M. 

Amulet.—A spider put in a nutshell, and worn around the neck, was an 
ancient and famous remedy for ague, from the time of Dioscorides. Its fame 
has descended to recent times. 


* Only beware of the fever, my friends, 
beware of the fever! 
For it is not like that of our 
Acadian climate, 
Cured by wearing a spider hung around 
one’s neck in a nutshell!” 
Longfellow’s “ Evangeline.” 
Cat. No. 143,110, U.S.N-M- 


Cramp bone.—The patella, or * kneecap,” of a sheep. To cure cramp. Worn 
next to the skin during the day, and laid beneath the pillow at night. Cat. 
No. 148,112, U.S.N.M. 


ART. 15. HISTORY OF MEDICINE EXHIBITS—-WHITEBREAD. i 


Cramp ring—A ring made from a nail that has been used to fasten a 
coffin, and that was dug out of a graveyard. <A sovereign charm against 
cramps. Used in China, England, and occasionally in the United States. Cat. 
No. 143,114, U.S.N.M. 

Voodoo, hoodoo, obi, or obeah.—A species of magic art or sorcery practiced 
by the African negroes, and continued to some extent by their descendants 
in the West Indies and the United States. The amulets or talismans used 
are usually bones, hair, teeth, feathers, rags, bits of wood, ete. This speci- 
men consists of a chicken feather, some human hair, a drop of blood on a 
bit of rag, and a pine sliver. All are tied together and sewn in a _ piece 
of shirting. The amulet is worn on the neck as a preventive medicine, a 
cure-all, and to prevent the working of a ‘‘ voodoo” on or against the wearer, 
Cat. No. 148,106, U.S.N.M. 

Madstone.—Model, cut from the mineral halloysite, of a ‘“‘madstone” in 
actual use. Believed to be the mineral of which some of the famous. mad- 
stones are composed. It absorbs moisture with avidity, and adheres to a 
moistened surface until nearly saturated. Applied to the wound produced 
by the bite of a mad dog, it is said to adhere until the poison is entirely 
absorbed. The stone is then boiled in milk to remove the poison. Cat. No. 
143,103, U.S.N.M. 

Madstone.—A highly polished seed of Gymnocladus dioica, the Kentucky coffee 
tree, like the one in the Museum’s collection, was offered to the Smithsonian 
Institution as a genuine madstone of proved eflicacy for the sum of $1,000. 
Cat. No. 143,104, U.S.N.M. 

Madstone.—A biliary calculus, or gallstone, formed in the gall bladder of 
an ox. One of the earliest forms of madstones. Ibn Baithar (1248 A. D.) 
ascribes to it the power of attracting the poison of venomous animals. It was 
applied to snake bites as well as dog bites. Cat. No. 49,360, U.S.N.M. 

Madstone—Said to have been found in the stomach of a deer, by an Apache 
Indian of New Mexico. It is a pebble of carbonate of lime, which may have 
been swallowed by a deer with his food or water, and the surface etched 
by the action of the gastric juices. Sent to the Museum as a veritable 
madstone. Cat. No. 143,190, U.S.N.M. 

Madstone.—A reputed madstone purchased from Mr. J. R. Seott, Cable, 
Wis. A brown, striated, porous pebble, deriving its attributed powers, no 
doubt, from its peculiar appearance and the not unusual fact that the person 
bitten by the dog recovered after the application of the stone. Cat. No. 143,492, 
U-:S.N.M. 

Madstone-—A ball of matted hair, such as is occasionally found in the 
stomach of domesticated cattle, buffaloes, and perhaps other ruminants. Two 
balls of this kind were sent to the Museum from Alva, Okla., in 1906, as 
veritable madstones. One of them was said to have been successfully used 
in two cases of dog bite. Cat. No. 143,201, U.S.N.M. 

Coral, 








Stops every flux of blood; drives away ghosts, illusions and dreams; 
hardens diseased gums; cleanses putrid sores; relieves pains in the stomach: 
and, taken in powder with wine, it cures gravel. Hung on fruit trees it 
insures fertility and protects from hail and blighting wind. In great repute 


during the Middle Ages both as a drug and as an amulet. Cat. No. 143,113, 
U.S.N.M. 
Agate. 





Emblematic of health; an enemy to all poisonous things; assuages 
thirst when held in the mouth. (Camillus Leonardus, fifteenth century.) 
Worn as an amulet for the cure of scrofula and skin diseases. (Albertus 


8 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 65. 


Magnus, thirteenth century.) In Persian and Arabian medicine given in- 
ternally, or worn in a finger ring for insanity, hemorrhages, gravel, CLG 
‘bound upon the thighs of parturient women to facilitate labor. Used at the 
present day in Syria as a remedy for the “Aleppo boil.” Cat. No. 143,118, 
U.S.N.M. 

Onyr.—A powertul aphrodisiac and oxytocic. Used as an eyestone “it 
enters of its own accord, and if it finds anything within that is noxious it 
drives it out and tempers the hurtful and contrary humors.” (Camillus 


The ZODIAC’ STONES, fheir PLANETARY INFLUENCE, 
and RELATIONS to HUMAN ANATOMY. 
SAPPHIRE 


The Neck 
(April) 


3 ae S a Ari b do sf 5 rer ALD 
ONYX eS . oe erate EMERALD 
The Heart a ae , 70% me ihe Breast 
5 (June!) 
{ July) . 4} «cme : Meme 86 Ju 


ES 4 - e ae . y .IT 
CHRYSGLITE @ " pee CARNELIAN 


Tne Reins 4p ee The BOWER E 
(Septembe oy m, iS (August) 


TOPAZ ReENe i S le. Poy AQUA-KARINE 
The Thighs es ee es * Capr : Fue 280 rets 
(November Siliias ics ( October) 


VuerTiuVvar 
Misuse dsb dma 


GARNET The = eet. RUBY : 
The Legs {February The Knees 
(January) (December) 


These stones are supposed to possess their greatest 


poteficy during the montns mentionec. 





Fie. 4.—THE ZopiIAc STONES. 


Leonardus.) Said to cause nightmare, for the reason that “in the onyx is a 
demon, imprisoned in the stone, who wakes only of a night, causing terror 
and disturbance to sleepers who wear it.” (Benoni.) Used at the present 
day by the Persians for the cure of epilepsy. Cat. No. 143,138, U.S.N.M. 
Topaz.—Said to restrain anger, cure insanity, check hemorrhage, impart 
strength and good digestion. The powder taken in wine cures asthma and 
insomnia. ‘ Rubbed on ga hone the topaz gives a milky juice, and yet loses 
none of its weight.” This juice taken internally for dropsy. (Epiphanius.) 


ant, 15. HISTORY OF MEDICINE EXHIBITS—-WHITEBREAD., 9 


Worn as an amulet it drives away sadness, strengthens the intellect, and 
bestows courage. (Porta.) Cat. No. 143,189, U.S.N.M. 

Garnet.—Dispels poisonous and infectious airs. (Camillus Leonardus.) 
Like the ruby it foretells misfortune. Suspended from the neck it wards off 
the plague and thunder; taken internally it cures epilepsy, insanity, cholera, 
shake bite, and neutralizes drug poisons. Cat. No. 148,129, U.S.N.M. 

Bloodstone.—Said to bring safety and long life to its possessor, and to be 
antidote to poisons. (Camillus Leonardus.) A remedy for dyspepsia. If 
“washed according to medicinal art” it was a styptic. In powder it was 
applied to ulcers, and, mixed with honey or white of egg, it was believed to be 
an excellent remedy for hard tumors. (Albertus Magnus.) Cat. No. 145,122, 
U.S.N.M. 

Amethyst—As an amulet it dispels sleep, sharpens the intellect, prevents 
intoxication, and promotes chastity. An antidote for all poisons. (Albertus 
Magnus. ) According to Pliny, the amethyst is an antidote to drunkenness, 
“for being bound on the naval it restrains the vapor of wine, and dissolves 
ebriety.”. In Hindu medicine it is said to give strength, abate the heat of 
fevers, and cure fistula. Cat. No. 148,119, U.S.N.M. 

Jasper.—Checks hemorrhages, strengthens the chest, lungs, and stomach, 
cures fevers and dropsy, and clears the sight. (Camillus Leonardus.) Galen 
(2nd Century) recommends that it be worn next the skin over the stomach, 
for the relief of dyspepsia. Burton (Anatomy of Melancholy) says: “If hung 
about the neck, or taken in drink, it much resisteth sorrow.” Cat. No. 143,130, 
U.S.N.M. 

Sapphire-—Among the Hindus the sapphire, unless perfectly flawless, was 
an unlucky stone. In the Middle Ages it was said to cure boils, carbuncles, 
and headaches, rested and refreshed the body, and gave color to the cheeks. 
(Camillus Leonardus.) Galen administered vinegar in which a sapphire had 
been soaked, in fevers. An ointment made with the powder cured inflamma- 
tion of the eyes. Because of its extreme coldness it was thought to preserve 
the chastity of the wearer, and hence especiaJly suited for ecclesiastical rings. 
The Buddhists esteem the sapphire, as a protective charm, above all gems. 
Cat. No. 143,188, U.S.N.M. 

Carnelian.—Said to cure tumors and all wounds made by iron. (Epiphanius.) 
Preserved the strength, prevented hoarseness, and cleared the voice. In powder 
or worn as ab amulet, it Was supposed to be a sovereign remedy for hemorrhage. 
Rings cut from the stone are still worn to prevent bleeding from the nose. 
Cat. No. 143,123, U.S.N.M. 

Ruby.—In Persian and Arabian medicine it was said to cure epilepsy, in- 
sanity, cholera, hemorrhage from the lungs, snake bite, and the effects of 
poisonous drugs; it purified the blood and freed the air from the infection of 
cholera, In the Middle Ages it was an amulet against poisons, plague, sad- 
ness, or evil thoughts; forewarned of danger by losing color. ‘It takes 
away vain thoughts, reconciles differences among friends, and makes a mighty 
increase of prosperity.” (Camillus Leonardus.) Cat. No. 143,137, U.S.N.M. 

Lapis lazuli.Believed to cure melancholia. Used at the present day in 
India, Chile, and Peru as a laxative. In Hindu medicine it was regarded as a 
cooling medicine, and curative of biliousness. Cat. No. 148,181, U.S.N.M. 

Chrysoberyl.—As an amulet it dispels evil dreams, fear, and melancholy. 
Possesses the general qualities of beryl. In Hindu medicine the chrysoberyl, 
set in gold and worn on the neck or hand, said to remove diseases and vicious 
habits, and to increase family, life, and happiness. Is also believed to lose its 
brillianecy in contact with poisons. Cat. No. 143,126, U.S.N.M. 





10 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. . VOL. 65. 


Beryl— Formerly much used in divination, as it was supposed to be the 
abode of spirits. As a remedy the powdered stone was taken internally for 
leprosy. Water in which the stone had lain was used as a lotion for the 
eyes, and was taken internally for flatulency and disorders of the liver. Cat. 
No: 143,121, U.S.N.M: 

Amber.—Supposed to be “generated out of the urine of the lynx, and 
hardened by time.” ‘“‘It assuages pain in the stomach, and cures jaundice, 
flux, and kidney evil;” a remedy for all diseases of the throat. (Camillus 
Leonardus.) Often worn, in this and other countries, as an amulet for the 
relief of toothache and dropsy, and for the prevention of asthma. croup, and 
various infectious diseases. It is still used for the cure of goiter. Cat. No. 
143,120, U.S.N.M. 

Chalcedony.—Prevented and cured melancholy. Worn as an amulet it was 
preventive of danger during tempests and sinister events. (Camillus Leo- 
nardus.) Cat. No. 143,125, U.S.N.M. 

Lodestone.—Maegnetie iron ore. ‘ Being carried about one it cures cramps 
and gout. In the hour of travail, if held in the hand, it facilitates the birth. 
If bruised and taken with honey, it cures dropsy; and the head being anointed 
with it cures baldness.” “It also taketh away fears and jealousies, and 
reconciles wives fo their husbands, and husbands to their wives.” (Camillus 
Leonardus.) Cat. No. 143,132, U.S.N.M. 

Opal.—In great repute as an eyestone and a remedy for all diseases of the 
eye. It preserves from contagious and infectious airs, drives away despondeney, 
prevents fainting, heart disease, and malignant affections. (Gioy. B. Porta, 
Magiae naturalist, sixteenth century.) Indicates the state of health of wearer, 
losing its brilliancy when the person is ill. Cat. No. 148,134, U.S.N.M. 

Pearls—In Egyptian medicine an electuary of pearl powder was said to 
strengthen the body and give luster to the eyes. Largely used in China as an 
aphrodisiac and medicine for hemorrhage, stomach troubles, ete. In Persian 
and Arabian medicine pearls were said to cure all mental diseases. In Europe, 
so late as the seventeenth century, they were used aS a remedy for insanity. 
A decoction of pearl powder in distilled water was one of the remedies given 
to the insane Charles, King of Spain. Cat. No. 148,135, U.S.N.M. 

Quartz—According to Hindu authorities, the crystal, worn as an amulet, 
removed baneful astral influences, cured biliousness, fever, and fistula, and was 
a specific for leprosy and consumption. In the Middle Ages it was given, in 
powder, for dysentery. <A crystal held against the tongue assuaged the thirst 
of fevers, neutralized snake poison, and protected the wearer from drowning. 
fire, and thieves. Cat. No. 143,136, U.S.N.M. 

Turquoise.—Worn as an amulet to protect from accident and to insure health 
and success; it was also said to protect from drowning, lightning, and snake 
bite. In Arabian and Persian medicine it was said to cure diseases of the head 
and heart, hernia, tumors, strictures, epilepsy, insanity, and cancer. In Egypt 
cataract is said to be cured by the local application of a turquoise which had 
been dipped in water, the application being accompanied by the chanting of the 
name Allah. Cat. No. 148,140, U.S.N.M. 

Zircon.—A charm against plague, evil spirits, and lightning. Cat. No. 145.141, 
U.S.N.M. 

Cat’s-eye.—Applied to the throat for the relief of croup. Tied in the hair of 
parturient women to facilitate labor. In Hindu medicine the cat’s-eye was said 
to be “ warm and sour” and curative of cold, chronic derangement of the spleen, 
and colic. The Persians used the powdered stone as a remedy for dropsy. Cat. 
No. 148,124, U.S.N.M. 


ART, 15. HISTORY OF MEDICINE EXHIBITS—-WHITEBREAD. el 


Disk cut from a human skull.—Found in J o.ng’s Hill, near Florence, Nebr., 
6 feet 2 inches from the surface, among other human bones, flint chips, and 
various Indian remains. Probably used as an amulet or fetich. Cat. No. 
143,462, U.S.N.M. 

Deer’s foot.—F¥or the cure of toothache, swellings, and itching eruptions. It 
is to be warmed and rubbed over the painful or swollen parts. Cat. No. 143,097, 
U.S.N.M. 

Snake slough.—The epidermis of a snake. In England it is bound around the 
forehead and temples to cure headache. It is also used for extracting thorns. 
If the thorn is in the palm, the slough is applied to the back of the hand. Cat. 
No. 148,115, U.S.N.M. 

Belemnite.—Regarded as a thunderbolt. Cat. No. 145,480, U.S.N.M. 

Lucky ‘“ holed stone.”’—Cat. No. 148,481, .U.S.N.M. 

Stone for curing cows of sickness.—Cat. No. 148,482, U.S.N.M. 

Penny.—A penny, bored, and worn as a charm. Cat. No. 143,483, U.S.N.M. 





Miscellaneous medicinal and religious amulets, made in Eneland., 
and used in trading with the natives of certain countries. 


Rosary.—A trade rosary of carnelian. Cat. No. 143,463, U.S.N.M. 
Amulet for the Gold Coast of Africa.—Cat. No. 143,464, U.S.N.M. 
Shell amulet for Madagascar.—Cat. No. 143,465, U.S.N.M. 
Shell amulet for the Congo.—Cat. No. 143,466, U.S.N.M. 
Tiger's tooth amulet for the Congo.—Cat. No. 143.467, U.S.N.M. 
Leopard’s tooth amulet for the Congo.—Cat. No, 143,468, U.S.N.M. 
Glass cowries for the Congo.—Cat. No. 143,469, U.S.N.M. 

Crescent beads for Zanzibar.—Cat. No. 143,470, U.S.N.M. 

Glass amulet for India.—Cat. No. 143,471, U.S.N.M. 

Glass amulet for the Soudan.—Cat. No. 143,472, U.S.N.M. 
Carnelian beads for the Gold Coast.—Cat. No. 143,473, U.S.N.M. 
Tubular beads for the Congo.—Cat. No. 148,474, U.S.N.M. 
Pendant amulets for the Gold Coast.—Cat. No. 145,475, U.S.N.M. 
Amber beads (curative) for Zanzibar.—Cat. No. 143,476, U.S.N.M. 
Coral beads for the Congo.—Cat. No. 143,478, U.S.N.M. 

Charm necklet for the Gold Coast.—Cat. No. 143,479, U.S.N.M. 


Talismans.—Images or other material objects, generally bearing 
cabalistic characters, words, or signs, supposed to work wonders 
whether kept in one’s possession or not. 


Talismans.—Small silver images of the whole or parts of the body, represent- 
ing by form or attitude painful or diseased organs. These images are often 
hung in the churches in some countries, either as votive offerings after restora- 
tion to health, or as a material part of an invocation or appeal for Divine 
aid. (See fig. 5.) Cat. No. 73,945, U.S.N.M. 

Talisman.—A small packet containing a chapter of the Koran, carefully 
folded, covered with leather, and protected from moisture by some resinous 
application. Used by the Soudanese warriors for protection against wounds 
and disease. Cat. No. 143,109, U.S.N.M. 


Fetiches.—Material objects believed to be the dwelling of a spirit, 
or to represent a spirit, that may be induced or compelled to help 
the possessor. 


Zuni fetich.—A clay image of the mountain lion. The spirit of the moun- 
tain lion guards the North, and is master of the gods of the hunt. The hunter 


TZ PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 65. 


makes invocation to the indwelling spirit of this image for assistance in the 
pursuit and capture of game and for protection against injury. Cat. No. 128,- 
669, U.S.N.M. 

Indian fetich.—Carved out of a block of wood in imitation of a naked Indian 
in the attitude of, and probably impersonating, a quadruped. One of the 
articles composing the outfit of an Alaskan Indian medicine man. (See fig. 6.) 
Cat. No. 143,105, U.S.N.M. 

Fetich.—A conical ball of clay about 3 inches long by 2 inches in greatest 
diameter. Used in the magic medicine of the Kroos of western Africa. Cat. 
No. 4,805, U.S.N.M. 





Fic. 5.--SMAuLuL SILVER IMAGES. 


Cherokee fetich—A flint arrowhead is put into a decoction prepared for a 
vermifuge, in order that the indwelling spirit may communicate to the medicine 
the cutting quality of the stone, whereby the worms may be cut in pieces. 
Cat. No. 148,088, U:S.N.M. 

Transference of disease—One of the magic medical practices of 
all countries. ‘ When disease was recognized, though tardily, to 
have positive existence, and the fact realized that, despite prayers 
and offerings, it might be mysteriously communicated by the sick 
to another person, * * * without conscious act on his part, 
* * * why might he not of purpose transfer his complaint to 
something of a lower order, which should suffer the disease in his 
place?” W. G. Black, in Folk-medicine. 


ArT. 15. ILISTORY OF MEDICINE EXHIBITS—-WHITEBREAD., i 


Section of a tree grown on the Government grounds near the naval hospital, 
Norfolk, Va.—The tree had been tapped, human (negro) hair inserted in the 
hole, the hole plugged and sealed with clay. Four inches of new growth 
formed over the plug. Reckoning by count of the annual rings, the plug was 
inserted more than 50 years before it was found. The operation upon the 
tree was doubtless performed either (1) to relieve headache by transferring 
it to the tree by means of the hair; or (2) to cause pain in the head of the 
original possessor of the hair, the lock having been obtained by an enemy, 
placed in the hole made in the tree, and the plug driven down hard upon it. 





Fic. 6.—INDIAN FETICH. 


If you can get a few strands of your enemy’s hair, bore a hole 
in a tree, put them in, and plug up the hole; you can thus give 
him a headache which can not be relieved until the hair is taken 
out of the tree. Encyclopedia of Superstitions. (See pl. 2.) Cat. 
No. 148,207, U.S.N.M. 

Disease transference.—For warts: Rub the warts with a cinder; the cinder 
then to be tied up in a paper and dropped where four roads meet. The 
warts will be transferred to whoever opens the parcel. Berdoe, ‘‘ The Origin 
and Growth of the Healing Art.” Cat. No. 142,209, U.S.N.M. 


Signatures—Some outward sign appearing upon plants, minerals, 
and other objects, believed to point to their medicinal uses. This 
belief is very evident in oriental medical practice, and was prevalent 
in European countries up to the eighteenth century. 


14 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 65. 


Vegetable lamb: golden-haired dog: Tartarian lamb.—The rhizome and base 
of the stipes of a fern (Cibotium barometz). The rhizome is densely covered 
With soft golden-brown hairs, and with the bases of the stipes for legs bears a 
rude resemblance to a small quadruped. It was one of the marvelous drugs 
of European pharmacy in the sixteenth and seventeeth centuries, and was 
believed to be a sort of plant animal. It was said to spring from a seed, 
and root in the earth like a plant, and to feed upon surrounding herbs like 
an animal, turning upon its root until it had devoured all within reach, when 
it perished from starvation. ‘The rhizome is thought by the Chinese to be 
tonic and aphrodisiac. The fine hairs are an efficient styptic. (ig. 7.) Cat. 
No, 142,607, U.S.N.M. 

Stalactites.—* Moreover this stone, reduced to a fine powder and one ounce 
of it given inwardly, is wont efficaciously to provoke sweat; and in bones 





Fic. 7.—VEGETABLE LAMB. 


broke, being externally applied, mixed with convenient playsters, it is exceed- 
ingly helpful. If by the benefit of distilled vinegar, it be resolved into a salt, 
in the stone and knotted podagrical effects, by reason of its signature it 
efficaciously operates.” (Crollius, Treatise of Signatures, 1669.) Cat. No. 
49\357, U.S.N.M. 

Walnuts.—* Walnuts have an entire signature of the head; the exterior 
rinde, or herby encompassment, of the pericranium: Wherefore salt of the 
rindes, for wounds of the pericranium, is a singular remedy. The interior 
hard rinde, or wooddy shell, of the cranium. The thin skin encompassing the 
kernel, of the skin and membranes of the brain. The kernel hath the figure 
of the brain itself: Therefore it is also helpful to the brain. For if the kernel 
beaten be moistened with the quintessence of wine, and applied to the crown 
of the head, it comforts the brain and head wonderfully.” (Crollius, Treatise 
of Signatures.) Cat. No. 148,089, U.S.N.M. 


ART, 15. HISTORY OF MEDICINE EXHIBITS—-WHITEBREAD. 15 


Evil eye—The belief in the power of some persons to bring mis- 
fortune, sickness, and even death to men or animals by gazing 
at them, is one of the most ancient, widespread, and persistent of 
human superstitions. This belief was, and is universal among sav- 
age races everywhere; it was sanctioned by the classical authors, 
the fathers of the church, the medieval physicians, and is still a 
matter of implicit faith with the people of many countries. In 
former days, in England, people supposed to have the evil eye, 
were put to death, and so late as the seventeenth century two women, 
who were believed to have fascinated and thereby caused the death 
of the Earl and Countess of Rutland and their children, were 
executed. Every form of magic has been resorted to for defense 
against the evil eye, and objects innumerable, both natural and 
artificial, have been credited with this power. 


Horns.—Horns, in one form or another, are, of all objects, the most common 
defense against the evil eye. The people of Senegal, Palestine, Greece, Holland, 
the Druses of Lebanon, the Jewesses of Tunis, the women of South America, the 
North American Indians, the Belgians and Saxons of old, all wore horns on 
their heads in some manner, on headdresses or helmets, to ward off that awful. 
universal, unescapable, mystic glance that has continually harassed man in 
all quarters of the globe. (See pl. 2.) Cat. No. 143,503, U.S.N.M. 

Amulet.—A silver image of a merman, or Triton, with the body of a man and 
the tail of a fish. One of many variations of amulet almost universally worn by 
Italian children for protection from the evil eye and from sickness and acci- 
dents in general. In this form perhaps specifically to protect from drownings. 
Cat. No.. 143,501, U.S.N.M. 

Charms.—The charms illustrated in figure S are made in England for the 
Italian market where they are in general demand by the people, especially for 
the protection of children, who are supposed to be peculiarly susceptible to the 
evil eye. Cat. Nos. 148,484-143,487, U.S.N.M. 


Sympathetical cures——A curious chapter in the history of medi- 
cine is found in the popular belief in * sympathetical cures,” which 
prevailed in England during the reigns of James I and Charles I. 


Sympathetic powder—Calcined copper sulphate.—Powder formerly supposed 
to have the property of curing a wound, if applied to the weapon inflicting it, 
or a piece of the bloodstained garment. This method of healing was in high 
repute during the seventeenth century, and learned essays were written to 
prove that the unquestioned effects produced by the powder were neither dia- 
bolical nor magical but were caused by a peculiar emanation, which they called 
* magnetick.”’ 

“The method, and primitive manner how to make use of this sympathetical 
remedy, was to take onely some vitriol, and dissolve it in raine water, in such 
proportion, that putting therein a knife, or some polished iron, it should come 
out changed to the color of copper: and into this water they did put a rag of 
cloth embrued with the blood of the party hurt. And every time that one put 
new water of vitriol with fresh powder and new cloth, or other bloudied stuff, 
the patient should feel new easement as if the wound had been dressed with 
solve sovereign medicament.” 


16 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 65. 


Sir Kenelmee Digby, “ Touching the cure of wounds by powder of sym- 


pathy;” and J. B. Van Helmont, “A ternary of paradoxes.” Cat. No. 143,504, 


U.S.N.M. 


PSYCHIC MEDICINE 


Psychic, or mind, medicine is a general term applied to methods 
of treating disease through mental impressions. States of mind are 
induced, or mental qualities stimulated to such a degree as to modify 
physiological function, and through such modified function even to 
produce tissue change. Confidence, hope, faith, are aroused, the 





Fic. 8.—CHARMS WoRN FOR PROTECTION AGAINST THE Evin EYE. 


imagination excited, the attention fixed by suggestion or individual 
effort, or certain peculiar mental conditions induced which are known 
by the names of mind healing, faith cure, mesmerism, hypnotism, ete. 

All these psychie conditions may be established by sensory im- 
pressions, as by music (incantations), visual objects to fix the atten- 
tion, eyestrain to modify consciousness, by manipulation, by personal 
influence (magnetism) of the mind doctor, or by mental effort on 
the part of the patient. 

Since these methods rarely call-for paraphernalia, implements, or 
apparatus of any kind, but are merely ceremonial, it is not possible 
to illustrate this form of medicine, except by a few objects. 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 65, ART. 15 PL. 3 





MEDICAL EXHIBITS—PSYCHIC MEDICINE 


FOR DESCRIPTION OF PLATE SEE PAGE I6 





ART. 15. HISTORY OF MEDICINE EXHIBITS—-WHITEBREAD. Ly 


Music.—The use of instrumental music in the treatment of disease 
is of very ancient origin. David is said to have cured Saul of an 
attack of melancholia (mania) by playing on the harp in his pres- 
ence. The eminent Greek physicians Pythagorus, Hippocrates, 
Theophrastus, Galen, and others of renown recommended it. 

Jean Battiste Porta, in the sixteenth century, advised that musical 
instruments be made of wood of medicinal plants, and affirmed that 
the music of these instruments would produce the medicinal effects 
of the plants. 




















Ra ae 
aN ee 
AO TN ey 
: Sa Gh Ce aS 
we mainen) : 


int 


Fic. 9.—HGYPTIAN HARP. 


In later times it is said to have been successfully used in the treat- 
ment of the delirium of fevers, the plague, gout, poisoned wounds, 
to mitigate the pain of surgical operations, and especially in nervous 
affections such as hysteria and melancholia. It is found to be bene- 
ficial in the management of the insane, and musical entertainments 
are frequent in all modern institutions for their treatment. 





Egyptian Harp—From a wall painting in a tomb at Thebes. The harp 
illustrated in Figure 9 probably represents a larger and more elaborate form 
of the musical instrument used by David for the relief of Saul during an attack 
of melancholia, 

“But the spirit of the Lord departed from Saul, and an-evil spirit from 
the Lord troubled him. And it came to pass, when the evil spirit from God 


18 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 65, 


was upon Saul, that David took an harp and played with his hand; so Saul 
Was refreshed and was well, and the evil spirit departed from him.” (Samuel, 
vi, 14-23.) Cat. No. 143,505, U.S.N.M. 

Metallotherapy.—A method of curing disease by the application 
of metallic substances to the surface of the body. It has been ad- 
vocated from the time of the middle ages to the present, principally 
as a prophylactic and a remedy for distinctly nervous diseases. In 
most instances this method of therapy falls under the head of mind 
medicine, appealing to the credulity and imagination of the patient. 

Copper.—A plate of copper to be worn as a preventive of cholera, and a 
remedy for facial neuralgia and other nervous affections. Commonly used 


in Europe in the early part of the nineteenth century. (See pl. 3.) Cat. No. 
143,149, U.S.N.M. 


Mercury.—A small tube filled with mercury, worn suspended from the neck 
as a protection from the cholera. Said to have been used by many people in 
Germany during the first half of the nineteenth century. The custom had its 
origin in the immunity of workmen in quicksilver mines during an epidemic of 
cholera. Cat. No. 143,147, U.S.N.M. 

Horseshoe.—There are many superstitions connected with the horseshoe, but 
in metallotherapeutics the healing effects of an old horseshoe were attributed 
to the magnetic quality acquired by long beating upon stony roads or pave- 
ments. It was believed to be a sovereign remedy for cramps, and was to be 
kept at the bedside where it could readily be seized in case of an attack. 
Cat. No. 143,148, U.S.N.M. 

Laying on of hands.—Iigure 10 is a copy of an illustration from 
“The Miraculous Conformist, or an Account of Marvailous Cures 
Performed by the Stroking of the Hands of Mr. Valentine Great- 
arick.” 

Valentine Greatarick, born in Ireland, attained great reputation, 
about the middle of the seventeenth century, by his marvelous cures 
of diseases by stroking with the hands. At first he confined his 
efforts to the cure of scrofula, or “ King’s evil; ” subsequently he 
successfully treated patients with many other diseases, such as apo- 
plexy, convulsions, palsy, ete. 

“T saw him Stroke a man for a great and settled paine in his left 
Shoulder, which rendered his Arme uselesse: upon his stroking it 
the pain removed instantly into the end of the Musculus Deltodes: 
being stroked there, it returned to the Shoulder again: thence (upon 
a second stroking) it flew to the elbow, thence to the wrist, thence 
to the shoulder again; and thence to the fingers: whence it went out 
upon his last stroking, so as that he moved his arme vigorously 
every way.” 

By Henry Stubbe, physician, Oxford, 1666. Cat. No. 143.506, 
TS NNT; 


Royal touch.—A mode of healing said to have originated with 
Edward the Confessor. © (1004-1066.) It was practiced by suc- 


ART. 15. HISTORY OF MEDICINE EXHIBITS —_WHITEBREAD. 19 


ceeding kings and queens of England, with occasional exceptions, 
down to Queen Anne. (1664-1714.) A register of persons touched 
by King Charles II, from May, 1662, to April, 1682, gives the num- 
ber at 92.107. Healing by touch was also practiced by the French 
kings, and it is claimed by some French historians that the custom 
originated in France. Until the time of Henry VII no peculiar 
ceremonies attended the practice of healing by touch. This monarch 
established a special religious service to be employed at the heal- 
ings, during which a piece of gold (touchpiece) was presented to 
the patient, to be worn as an amulet suspended from the neck. 



































Fic. 10.—LAYING ON OF HANDS. 


The ceremony of touching for scrofula, or King’s evil, as prac- 
ticed by Charles IT, is described by Evelyn in his memoirs as follows: 

“ July 6, 1660. His majestie sitting under his state in ye ban- 
quetting house, the chirurgeons cause the sick to be brought, or led 
up to the throne, where they kneeling, ye king strokes their faces 
or cheeks with both his hands at once, at which time a chaplaine 
in his formalities says: ‘He put his hands upon them and he healed 
them.’ This is said to everyone in particular. When they have all 
been touched they come up againe in the same order, and the other 
chaplaine kneeling, and having angel gold strung on white ribbon 


20 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 65. 


on his arme, delivers them one by one to his majestie, who puts 
them about the necks of the touched as they passe, while the first 
chaplaine repeats, ‘That is ye true light who came into ye world.’ 
Then follows an epistle (as at first a gospell) with the liturgy, 
prayers for the sick; lastly ye blessing; and then the lord, cham- 
berlaine and comptroller of the household, brings a basin, ewer and 
towel, for his majesty to wash.” 

Touchpiece——A. gold coin of the time of Charles II of England, such as was 
used by that king in the ceremony of “touching” for the cure of scrofula, or 


‘ne Cardinal) of York, as Henry IX. 
(Silver.) 





Fic, 11.—TOUCHPIECES FOR DISTRIBUTION At THE HEALINGS. 
KKine’s evil. About four-fifths of an inch in diameter, bearing on one side fig- 
ures of Saint George and the Dragon and the legend ‘Soli deo Gloria;” on the 
other a figure of a ship under sail, with the legend “ Car. II, DG. M. B. FR. 
ET. HI. REX.” Cat. No. 143,199, U.S.N.M. 

Hypnotism. — Animal magnetism, mesmerism, somnambulism, 
trance, ecstacy. An artificially produced or self-induced mental 
state, in which the mind becomes more or less passive, and both con- 
sciousness and will may be controlled or abolished by the influence 
of command or suggestion. The mental impressions made by the 
senses may be perverted or enfeebled or interrupted, muscular ir- 





ART. 15. HISTORY OF MEDICINE EXHIBITS—WHITEBREAD, Fl 


ritability greatly increased, and various and often remarkable nerv- 
ous phenomena exhibited. As one of the magic arts it was practiced 
by the ancient Egyptians, Hindus, and Greeks; as a demoniacal pos- 
session, or a miraculous interposition of Divine Providence, it is 
familiar in the religious history of every nation and period of time. 

Friedrich Anton Mesmer. Born in Weil, Germany, in the year 
1733; died in the year 1815. He gave the name to that form of 
psychic medicine known as mesmerism or hynotism. At first he ef- 
fected cures by stroking the diseased parts of the body with magnets. 
Afterward, with the aid of the mysterious surroundings of the pro- 





Fic. 12.—Mrrror HYPpNorizer. 


fessed magician, he produced upon his patients the well-known nerv- 
ous phenomena of hypnotism by a touch, by “ passes” with his hands, 
or even by a look. Though many of his methods were those of the 
charlatan, yet the effects produced were real, and were attributed by 
him to what he called animal magnetism, and not to any form of 
magic. (See pl. 3.) Cat. No. 148,151, U.S.N.M. 

Mirror hypnotizer.—Consists of two wooden arms about 9 inches long, in 
each of which are set circular mirrors, seven on each side. The two arms are 
made to revolve in opposite directions by means of clockwork. Some subjects 
are peculiarly susceptible to the dazzling effect of the revolving mirrors, es- 
pecially those who have been hynotized before. (See “ Man and Abnormal 
Man,” Arthur MacDonald, p. 189.) (Fig. 12.) Cat. No. 148,204, U.S.N.M. 


oo PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 65. 


Bail hypnotizer—A polished nickel-plated ball mounted on a lead wire. The 
wire is intended for attachment to a headband, and being of lead it may 
readily be bent to a position a little above the level of the eyes of the subject 
and slightly within the natural focal distance, so as to produce a certain 
amount of eyestrain and consequent fatigue of the ocular muscles. The effect 
of this anc other instruments of the kind are usually intensified by ‘ sugges- 
tion’ on the part of the operator. Cat. No. 143,205, U.S.N.M. 

Giass refractor.—One of the means used to induce the condition of hynotism. 
The subject is directed to gaze fixedly at a facetted piece of glass, or other 
bright object, held about 8 inches from the eyes, and above the line of hori- 
zontal vision. The fixed attention, together with the eyestrain, are sufficient to 
excite in some persons the peculiar psychic phenomena known as hypnotism 
or mesmerism. Cat. No. 143,090, U.S.N.M. 


EGYPTIAN MEDICINE. 


Egyptian medicine is the earlest of which there is a written record, 
dating as far back as 1550 B. C. In its prehistoric stage, it was 
doubtless founded on superstition and practiced by magic arts. In 
its earliest historic period, the sick were taken to the market place 
“that all who pass by, and have had or seen the hke distemper, 
may give them advice.” Later, medicine developed into an orderly 
system, and at an early historic period, the knowledge of disease 
and remedies had become quite extensive. 

The chief sources of knowledge of Egyptian medicine are the 
writings of Herodotus (about 480 B. C.), Diodorus Siculus (about 
40 B. C.), Galen (130-200 A. D.), and Clement of Alexandria( about 
220 A. D.), supplemented by several very ancient papyri, relating 
to medicine, found in Egyptian tombs. 

Like other arts and sciences, medicine was supposed to have origi- 
nated with the mythological deities of the country, notably Thoth, 
Osiris, Isis, Horus, and Imhotep. It was practiced in large part by 
the priesthood of these divinities, and consequently the preparation 
and administration of remedies were generally accompanied by in- 
cantations and invocations, though the practice of the strictly magic 
arts was severely interdicted. ‘The ‘“ Hermetic ” medical books, hav- 
ing been given out by the God Thoth, came to be regarded as sacred 
and any deviation from their rules as sacrilege. 

In process of time, the doctors became divided minutely into 
specialists, until, as Herodotus states: 

“The art of medicine is so practiced in Egypt that there is found 
an individual healer for each individual disease; hence, the whole 
country is filled with healers.” 

Many drugs—animal, vegetable, and mineral—were used, of which 
several hundred are mentioned in existing papyri. Only a few of 
these can be positively identified. Some of them are of known 
therapeutic value; others inert; and some are strange and repulsive. 





U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 65, ART. 15 PL. 4 





EXHIBITS OF ANCIENT EGYPTIAN MEDICINE 


m 
no 
nN 


FOR DESCRIPTION OF PLATE SEE PAG 





ART. 15. HISTORY OF MEDICINE EXHIBITS—WHITEBREAD., 2a 


The ancient Egyptians were skilled in pharmacy, which art was 
said to have been communicated by Horus, to whom it was taught by 
his mother, Isis. The papyri contains numerous formule, many 
of them complex, in style quite like prescriptions of the present day. 

The records give evidence of considerable expertness in operative 
surgery, such operations as venesection, circumcision, castration, 
and even lithotomy and amputation being mentioned. As oculists, 
the Egyptians were noted, and Herodotus states that “ Cyrus sent 
to Amasis (500 B. C.) and had for him an oculist—the best in the 
whole land of Egypt.” 

Old Egyptian medicine began to decline, with the first influx 
of foreigners, during the seventh century B. C., and the beginning 
of the end came when Amasis (570-526 B. C.) received the Greeks 





Fic. 13.—THorT, Osiris, Isis, Horus, IMHOTEP. 


into the country. It entirely vanished before the Greek system, 
or survived only as a wretched abortion of magic and sorcery. 


Thot (Thoth. Tot, Althothis).—The God of Wisdom. Identified by the 
Greeks and Romans with Hermes and Mercury. All of the arts and sciences 
emanated from him, including medicine, astronomy, and magic. Through his 
body flowed the mysterious fluid “Sa,” carrying life and health, which he 
could communicate to human beings. On his wings of an ibis, he was able to 
bear the souls of the dead over the lake of Rha to the shores of Paradise. 
He was author of 36 ‘‘ Hermetic books,” of which six pertained to medicine, 
as follows: 1. Anatomy; 2. General diseases; 3. Surgical instruments; 4. 
Medicine; 5. Diseases of the eye; 6. Diseases of women. (Fig. 18.) Cat. No. 
143,330, U.S.N.M. 

Osiris (Apis, or Serapis).—An Egyptian god. Osiris and Isis, his wife and 
sister, are said to have invented the arts which are necessary to life, includ- 
ing agriculture and medicine. (Fig. 18.) Cat. No. 143,333, U.S.N.M. 

Tsis—An Egyptian goddess, wife and sister of Osiris and mother of Horus. 
The chief divinity of the healing art, the goddess of procreation and birth. 
She invented many medicaments and “was very expert in physick.” Being 


94 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. Vou. 65. 


raised to the dignity of goddess, she still takes care of the health of men, and 
“those who implore her succor find themselves immediately relieved.” She 
was called the Lady of Enchantments, having originated many of the charms 
and invocations used in the Egyptian practice of medicine. (See fig. 13.) 
Cat. No. 143,331, U.S.N.M. 

Horus.—Son of Osiris and Isis. One of the founders of the art of medicine. 
Having been put to death by Set, he was restored to life by his mother, Isis, 
who later revealed to him the secrets of pharmacy. He was called the God 
of Divination, which he also learned of his mother. He is represented with 
the head of a hawk. (See fig. 13.) Cat. No. 143,334, U.S.N.M. 

Imhotep; I-em-hotep.—A learned physician, probably a priest of Ra, the 
sun god. He lived during the third dynasty, about 3,500 years B. C. In the 
course of ages he was deified as the special God of Medicine. His name 
I-em-hotep, is translated ‘‘He who cometh in peace,’ and he is described 
as the good physician of gods and men, kind and merciful, assuaging the 
sufferings of those in pain, healing the diseases of men, and giving peaceful 
sleep to the restless. His great temple stood outside the eastern wall of 
Memphis, near the Serapeum. (See fig. 13.) Cat. No. 148,332,U.S.N.M. 

Papyrus Ebers.—The Papyrus Ebers is a treatise on materia medica, phar- 
macy, and therapeutics, one of the oldest known medical works; written 1,552 
years before the Christian era, in the time of Moses, and before the exodus 
of the Israelites from Egypt. It was found near the necropolis of Thebes, 
in Upper Egypt, in 1872. 

Written in Hieratic characters upon a kind of paper prepared from the 
papyrus plant, in a sheet 12 inches wide and 100 feet long closely rolled into 
a scroll. 

It contains references to many drugs, animal, vegetable, and mineral, and 
gives numerous formule for the compounding of medicine and the therapeutical 
indications for their use. 

Among the animals mentioned are: The buffalo, stag, ox, pig, camel, ram. 
dog, crocodile, bat, goose, tortoise, beetles, and flies. 

Among the plants: Acacia, sweet flag, wormwood, myrrh, frankincense, 
coriander, saffron, cumin, citron, henbane, juniper, lettuce, flax, mandrake, 
olive, pomegranate, castor-oil plant, willow, sesamum, and fenugreek. 

Among the minerals: Sea salt, niter, charcoal, lead, bronze, antimony, cop- 
per, lapis lazuli, and sapphire. 

Miscellaneous remedies: Blood, human brains, urine, feces, genitals of cats, 
various oils, stale beer, honey, wine, milk, yeast, eggs, and wax. 

Therapeutics: Mention is made of purgatives, anthelmintics, tonics, anti- 
lithics, abortives; remedies for diseases of the stomach and heart, for fistula, 
hemorrhoids, strangury, hemicrania, diarrhea, conjunctivitis, cataract, in- 
flamed eyes, granular lids, baldness, cancer, gangrene, boils, toothache, 
erysipelas, eruptive diseases, various diseases of women; as well as instruc- 
tions for bandaging wounds, the operation for stone, foetal extraction, removal 
of tumors, ete. In all showing careful observation of diseases and intelligent 
application of remedies. 

The work also contains proof that the ancient Egyptians were tolerably 
well versed in superficial anatomy for nearly all parts of the human frame 
are mentioned as well as the larger viscera. (See fig. 14.) Cat. No. 143,511, 
U.S.N.M. 

Prescription from the Papyrus Ebers.—Written about 1552 B. C., in the 
hieratic (script) writing of that period, with translations into hieroglyphic 
Egyptian, phonetic English, and literal English. (See fig. 15.) Cat. No. 
148,335, U.S.N.M. 








4aRT. 15. HISTORY OF MEDICINE EXHIBITS—-WHITEBREAD, oF 


Egyptian medicine chest and stone case.—Picture of a medicine chest of the 
wife of Pharaoh Mento-hotep, of the XI dynasty, 2500 B. C., and the stone case 
in which it was found in the queen’s tomb. The chest contained six vases, 
one of alabaster and five of serpentine, with dried remnants of drugs, two 
spoons, a piece of linen cloth, and some roots, inclosed in a basket of straw 
work. (See fig. 16.) Cat. No. 143,512, U.S.N.M. 












\\ SSS 
she Z hieh!s om IN 2sla27 Gs | 
An} 25-8 £23 HI2E2S se 2 
HAC BARU ISIS Zep 
PAZ TNLSG ORS 1 S5S0Fhalla 
i335 keels a _S1%,7 - 
- owl Rre2y22halaAle Woy 
Tessa QC8 625i QZ230 sS3t 
¥ asp, wa ativS 
Mee on 2318 MSS IIT 
“SS TERE 


faz psasa 





Fie. 14.—A PHOTOGRAPHIC Copy or A SECTION OF THE PAPYRUS EBERS, REDUCED IN SIZE, 
TAKEN FROM A FACSIMILE, IN COLORS, OF THE ORIGINAL. 


Some medicinal materials of the ancient Egyptians——The Papyrus 
Kbers was supposed by its discoverer to have been compiled about 
the time when Moses was living in Egypt, a century before the 
Exodus. While the Jews were captives in Egypt it is reasonable to 
suspect similarity in their materia medica and that of the Egyptians 
of about the same period. This similarity is evident, passages from 
the Old Testament of the Bible referring to many of the medicinal 
substances mentioned in the Papyrus Ebers. 


26 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 65. 


A few of these ancient drugs which are well known, and used up 
to the present time, are included in the historical collection. 


Mastich.—A resinous exudation from Pistacia lentiscus, a shrub or small 
tree growing on the shores and islands of the Mediterranean. It was one 
of the ingredients of “kyphi’” much used by the Egyptians for fumigations. 
Cat. No. 49,963, U.S.N.M. 

Sajffron.—The stigmas of Crocus sdtivus. Saffron is a very ancient drug 
mentioned by Solomon, Homer, Hippocrates, and Virgil. It was an article of 
traffic on the Red Sea in the first century. It entered into the composition of 
all sorts of medicine, external and internal, and was used as a condiment and 
perfume. Severest penalties, even death, were inflicted on those guilty of its 


WBNGAD CEN SNS 20 ae 
OsbalNs ash Be ee ee 
Set FaLALHC NSS 1A Lh 


sll Shel h ol 








iis head and his two 
wa dost wish te (arin) i away, then 
m dit), let the man drink it 





Wie. 15.—PRESCRIPTION FROM THE PAPYRUS EBERS. 


sophistication. Its use in modern medicine is as a coloring agent only. Cat. 
No. 50,222, U.S.N.M. 

Fe ds. Believed to have been an ingredient of the Egyptian 
preparation kyphi. It is still among the official drugs of some of the European 
pharmacopoeias. Cat. No. 50,248, U.S.N.M. 

Squill—The bulb of Urginea maritima.—Called by the Egyptians the “ Eye 
of Typhon.” <A highly esteemed remedy for dropsy. Cat. No. 50,259, U.S.N.M. 

Galbanum.—A gum resin obtained from Ferula galbaniflua Boisson and 
Buhse, a plant growing in Persia and India. It was an ingredient of the 
incense used in the form of worship of the ancient Israelites; is mentioned by 
the earliest Greek medical.writers; was well known to the Arabians under the 
name of “ kinnah,”’ and is still recognized by many of the European pharmaco- 
poeias. Cat. No. 50,533, U.S.N.M. 





ART!) Le. HISTORY OF MEDICINE EXHIBITS—WHITEBREAD. oii 


Flaxrsecd.—The seed of Linum usitatissimum, common flax. The seed was 
used for food by the Egyptians, Greeks, Romans, and other ancient peoples. 
Cat. No. 51,380, U.S.N.M. 

Sesame.—The seeds of Sesamum indicum, native of India, cultivated in 
all warm countries. The Egyptian name, “ Semsent,” occurs in the Papyrus 
Ebers, from which name is derived the Coptic ‘* Semsem,” the Arabie ‘* Simsim,” 
and the modern *“*Sesamum.” Largely consumed as food; the oil is used for 
the same purposes as olive oil. The leaves are mucilaginous. Cat. No. 52,162, 
U.S.N.M. 

Lign-aloes.—Vhe fragrant resinous wood of the eagle tree of India, Aquilaria 
agallocha, Used as incense, and in embalming the dead. “All thy garments 
smell of myrrh, and aloes and cassia.” Psalms, xlv, 8 ‘‘ How goodly are thy 
tents, O Jacob, and thy tabernacles, O Israel. As the valleys are they spread 
forth, * * * as the trees of lign-aloes which the Lord hath planted 
ae Numbers, xxiv, 5-6. Cat. No. 52,173, U.S.N.M. 





Fic. 16.—EGYPTIAN MEDICINE CHEST AND STONE CASE. 


Castor-oil seeds.—The seeds of Ricinus communis, native of India, early 
cultivated in Egypt. The seeds have been found in ancient Egyptian tombs. 
The plant is believed by some to be the same mentioned in the book of Jonah, 
iv, 6, under the name of ‘“ gourd.” The plant was introduced from Egypt 
into Greece where the oil of the seeds was used extensively in medicine, as 
well as for burning in lamps. Cat. No. 52,177, U.S.N.M. 

Barley.—Vhe seeds of Hordeum hexastichon, indigenous to western Asia; 
cultivated everywhere. It is mentioned in the Bible as a cultivated grain in 
Egypt and Syria. Cat. No. 52,3938, U.S.N.M. 

Cyperus.—The root of various species of Cyperus. Used by the Egyptians 
for snake bites and for the retention of urine; bruised or mixed with wine 
or vinegar it was applied as a poultice. Cat. No. 52,521, U.S.N.M. 

Pomegranate—The rind of the fruit of Punica granatum, a low tree grown 
in India, Palestine, and neighboring countries. There are many representa- 
tions of the fruit on the ancient monuments of Hgypt, and it is frequently 

45554— 25— Proe.N.M.vol.65——29 


28 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. Vou. 65. 


referred to in the Scriptures. The pulp of the fruit is edible; the peel is an 
efficient astringent. Cat. No. 52,535, U.S.N.M. 

Frankinecense.—A fragrant gum resin obtained from various species of Bos- 
wellia trees, natives of eastern Africa and southern Arabia. Paintings, dating 
from the seventeenth century I. C., illustrating the traffic in this drug, have 
been found in the temples of Upper Egypt. It was one of the gifts of the 
Magi to the infant Sayiour. It was, and still is, an essential ingredient of 
“incense”? as used in religious ceremonies. Jumigation with fragrant drugs, 
of which frankincense was one of the most important, was one of the principal 
remedial and preventive measures in the treatment of disease by the ancient 
Egyptians and Hebrews. Cat. No. 52,559, U.S.N.M. 


tea Cf nun f Wy ODF CAREX (/ 
fr “kh St yer eye (y 
* ee SSI WYATT (J 
x ao WfKatZi / 
AMEE YY 


THE ABOVE TRANSLATED INTO THE HIEROGLYPHIC CHARACTER. 


BO be Ra ee 


oe Soir ail sai 
Madara fs ofeneng the towels Re zenneng fhe Bock ofthe Mediane , 
mal ae | Su fAsl B® ER 
LES ees ce | % cute the cechness of the Ccwels (2 
oe ov x | bisa Belge. FIG 


A haut (7) Futoerezed VA diachme [(eediof the) She hueftant ited ufiwith Vinezat (J 


AT x | Sls Lai 


Hboney 4 diachme| So te diunk ty Lhe [tank [(y 


ey Q's, FS nO 
Cook floutout, cad fot four days. (J 


lic. 17.—Five LINES FROM THE PAPYRUS EBERS, WITH TRANSLATIONS INTO HIEROGLYPHIC 
CHARACTERS AND INTO ENGLISH. 


Coriander.—The fruit of Coriandrum sativum. The knowledge of this drug 
is of very great antiquity, being mentioned in the Papyrus Ebers, and by the 
early Sanskrit writers, as well as in the Bible. It was used both as a condi- 
ment ane a medicine. Cat. No. 52,659, U.S.N.M. 

Medicine vials—Made by the inhabitants of Palestine. Used for dispensing 
medicines. (Fig. 18.) Cat. No. 143,168, U.S.N.M. 

Gum arabic.—A gummy exudation from various species of Acacia. It is 
recorded that this drug was an article of Egyptian commerce as early as the 
seventeenth century, B. C. Cat. No. 52,811, U.S.N.M. 

Balm of Gilead.—An aromatic resin which flows from the trunk of Com- 
miphora opobalsamum. Used for its perfume as well as its healing virtues. 


srr, 15. HISTORY OF MEDICINE EXHIBITS—-WHITEBREAD. 29 


“Ts there no balm in Gilead; is there no physician there?) Why then is not the 
health of my people recovered?” Jeremiah viii, 22. Cat. No. 53,380, U.S.N.M. 

Myrrh.i—A gum resin. This was one of the many constituents of the cele- 
brated kyphi of the Egyptians, used in fumigations, medicine, and the process 
of embalming. It was an ingredient of the “ holy oil” of the Jewish ceremonial 
as directed by Moses. It is also mentioned in the Bible among the articles used 
in the purification of women, as an emblem of purity, as a perfume, and one of 
the substances used in embalming. Cat. No. 141,681, U.S.N.M. 

Cumin.—The fruit of Cuminum cyminum, indigenous to the region of the 
upper Nile, early cultivated throughout the east. It is well known to the 
ancients and is mentioned in both the Old and the New Testament. It was one 
of the most commonly used spices during the Middle Ages and is found in the 
drug markets of the present time. Cat. No. 142,259, U.S.N.M. 





Fic. 18.—MEDICINE VIALS. 


Almonds.—The seeds of the almond tree, Prunus amygdalus, native of west- 
ern Asia, early introduced and cultivated in northern Africa and southern 
Europe. Mentioned in the Book of Genesis (xliii, 11) where it is stated that 
the patriarch Israel commanded his sons to carry with them into Hgypt a 
present consisting of the productions of Palestine, one of which was almonds. 
Cat. No. 148,197, U.S.N.M. 

Figs.—The fruit of Ficus carica, native of western Asia, extensively cul- 
tivated. The fig tree is the first plant mentioned by name in the Bible (Genesis 
iii, 7). The fruit was an important article of food for the Hebrews and was 
also used medicinally. ‘ For Isaiah had said, let them take a lump of figs and 
lay it for a plaister upon the boil, and he shall recover.” Isaiah xxxviii, 21. 
Cat. No. 143.198. U.S.N.M. 


30 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vor. 65. 
GREEK AND ROMAN MEDICINE 


The primitive period of Greek medicine is mostly mythical. It 
begins with Melampus (about 1,400 years B. C.) and ends with Hip- 
pocrates (460 B. C.). The most prominent character during this 
period was Aesculapius, reputed son of Apollo and Coronis. As the 
god of medicine he was worshipped by Greeks and Romans every- 
where. Temples were erected in his honor and served by a priest- 
hood of his descendants, called Asclepiadae. The sick were brought 
to these temples, prayers and sacrifices offered, and treatment pre- 
scribed as indicated by dreams or signs given in answer to the pray- 
ers and sacrifices. Records of the cases, symptoms, treatment, and 
results were carved upon votive tablets and hung upon the walls of 
the temple. 

The philosophic period began with Hippocrates (born 460 B. C.), 
beheved to be the seventeenth in descent from Aesculapius. He is 
styled “ The Father of Medicine,” and it is justly said of him that 
* the medical art as we now practice it, the character of the physician 
as Wwe now understand it, both date for us from Hippocrates.” He 
separated medicine from priestcraft; taught that disease was a 
process governed by natural laws, and that the clew to proper treat- 
ment was to be found in minute observations of its symptoms and 
natural course. Surgery had already made much progress. Among 
the surgical operations recorded are reduction of dislocations and 
fractures, resection of bones, trephining, opening of abscesses of 
kidneys and liver, operation for fistula and hemorrhoids, operations 
on club feet, and sounding the bladder for stone. 

After Hippocrates came many celebrated Greek physicians noted 
as authors and founders of various * schools ” of theoretical medicine, 
such as “ humoralist,” “ solidist,” “ vitalist,” “ empiricist,” etc. The 
most eminent of these later Greek physicians, and one whose influence 
was most widespread and continuous, was Galen (born 130 A. D.). 
He was a brilliant orator and voluminous writer, and the tendency 
of his teachings was to harmonize the conflicting doctrines of the 
several schools and to develop the more simple teachings and meth- 
ods of Hippocrates. His works were authoritative down to a com- 
paratively recent period. 

Dioscorides (born about 77 A. D.) was the most renowned writer 
on materia medica. He makes mention of about 90 minerals, 700 
plants, and 198 animal substances. 

Rome neither originated nor possessed an independent school of 
medicine. Early Roman medicine was founded on superstitution and 
practiced by magic arts. Later it was controlled by Greek physicians, 
though as a branch of philosophy it was expounded by Roman 
teachers and writers. 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 65, ART. 15 PL. 5 





EXHIBITS OF GREEK AND ROMAN MEDICINE 


FOR DESCRIPTION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 30 





ART. 15. HISTORY OF MEDICINE EXHIBITS—-W HITEBREAD. elt 


Aesculapius.—The Greek God of Medicine, son of Apollo and the nymph 
Coronis. His mother was slain by his father, and Aesculapius was given to the 
centaur, Chiron, to be reared and educated. Under Chiron’s instruction Aescu- 
lapius became marvellously skilled in medicine, not only healing the sick, but 
raising the dead. On the complaint of Pluto that Aesculapius was desolating 
the realms of the shades, Jupiter slew him with his thunderbolt, but at the 
request of Apollo he was placed among the stars. He was worshipped as a 
god, and numerous temples were erected for his services, conducted by priests 
called Asclepiadae. (See fig. 21.) Cat. No. 143,513, U.S.N.M. 

Chiron.—From an engraving of a wall painting in Pompeii. The most cele- 
brated of the centaurs, son of Saturn and the nymph, Philyra. The legend is 


W/W AGA I ZETONY WF s \ POONA Y 
DUT? GIS Game ee | 
TO eee ee 

(Ay | ; 



















oeP | IT EP || 
bro" din 


uh ih 
AN) f 
WINN 
Ls 


| 


ig. 19.—CHIRON. 


that Saturn dreading the jealousy of his wife, Rhea, transformed Philyra into 
a mare and himself into a steed; the offspring was Chiron, half man and half 
horse. Having been instructed in hunting, gymnastics, music, and medicine, 
he became the instructor of others in these arts and accomplishments, espe- 
cially Aesculapius and Achilles in medicine (fig. 19). Cat. No. 145,515, 
U.S.N.M. 

Machaon.—Machaon and his brother Podalirius, sons of Aesculapius, were 
next to their father, the most noted physicians in the legendary Greek period. 
They were equally celebrated as warriors, and made themselves so con- 
spicuous by their valor that Homer ranks them among the first of the Greek 


32 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 65, 


heroes. They commanded a division of the Greek fleet in the Trojan War, 
being the first doctor admirals on record. Machaon was one of the heroes 
of the wooden horse, and is supposed to have lost his life on that occasion. 
After his death he received divine honors, and a temple was erected in his 
honor. (See pl. 5.) Cat. No. 143,516, U.S.N.M. 

The Hieron or sacred place at Epidaurus.—This enclosure contained, besides 
the temple for the worship of Aesculapius, a propylea or gateway, a gymnasium, 
the abaton or sleeping place for the pilgrims, the tholos, a circular building 
of which the uses are unknown, a stadium or race course, and several other 
buildings of doubtful utility. These sacred places were usually located on 
wooded slopes, or about medicinal springs. Within them no dying person 
nor parturient woman was allowed to remain. The temples erected to 
Aesculapius were not only places for worship by prayers, sacrifices, ete., but 
also places where the sick could make personal application to the divine 
physician for counsel or cure. The ceremonies were under the direction of 


oe OUTLINE RESTORATION 


\ \ / OF SOME OF THE 


PRINCIPAL BUILDINGS 


OF THE 














Fic. 20.—THEe Hirron oR SACRED PLACE AT EPIDAURUS. OUTLINE RESTORATION. 


a priesthood called Asclepiads, supposed descendants of Aesculapius. The 
treatment of the sick was almost exclusively psychic, or mind medicine. It 
was begun with ablutions, prolonged fastings, prayers, and sacrifices, accom- 
panied with elaborate ceremonials calculated to excite the imagination and 
inspire hope. After these preparations the patient was put to sleep in the 
““sbaton,” and in the dreams which followed the god was supposed to appear 
and indicate the proper remedy for the disease. The patient was aided in the 
interpretation of the dream by the priest. If the treatment was successful 
the case was recorded upon stone or metal columns or tablets, for the in- 
formation of others. Metal or ivory models of the part affected were hung on 
the walls of the temple, as is the custom in many countries at the present 
day. (See fig. 20 and pl. 5.) Cat. Nos. 143,517 and 143,518 U.S.N.M. 
Statue of Aesculapius——The statue of Aesculapius shown in Figure 21 was 
made of ivory and gold, by:the sculptor Thrasymedes. It represents a hand- 
some figure seated on a throne, holding in one hand a staff, the other hand 





ART. 15. HISTORY OF MEDICINE EXHIBITS—WHITEBREAD. 33 


resting upon a serpent, and lying by his side, a dog. The serpent and the dog 
are satellites of Aesculapius, and living specimens of these animals were 
kept in the temples, and sometimes played a part in the miraculous cures. 
The serpent, son of the earth, living in the bosom of the earth, symbolizes 


WdWhy, GHE— ls ‘Pa 


‘SOUNVdldgy, LY SOldWlAOsay 


IMASNVUT, 


\ 
t 


as 


NOLLOGS 


DONTIMOTS 


CHG 


CALVES 


“SHIdWINOSUy AO 





secret and mysterious powers. Its habit of shedding its skin every year 
makes it a symbol of rejuvenation. The Romans, during a pestilence (B. C. 
293), sent a solemn embassy to Epidaurus to obtain the sacred serpent kept in 


that temple, hoping thereby to stay the plague. 


34 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. Vou. 65. 


Copy of memorial tablet.—It was the custom, in the early Greek period, to 
commemorate notable cures by a record of the cases engraved upon tablets 
of metal or marble. The tablet represented in Figure 22 bears the record of 
four cases, two of blindness, one of hemorrhage from the lungs, and one of 
pleurisy. It illustrates the fact that the medical practice in the Greek temples 
was purely psychic, or mind medicine, a method as old as history. Translated 
into English the-records on the memorial tablet read as follows: 

(1) Lately a certain Gaius, who was blind, learned from the oracle that 
he should approach the altar, offering prayers, then cross the temple from 
right to left, place his five fingers upon the altar, raise his hand and place 


lores curn mil. Pigh ; 
‘ “ 8 AED 
\ 


-AYPALC TAIC HMEPAIC PAI TINT TY¢AG EXPHMATICEN CABEIN ETS ~ 1€ 
PON BHAA KALAPOCKYNHCAI GCA ANO TOY \EZIOT CAGEIN ENITOAPICTEPON, .- 
KAL GEINAL TOC FRONT SARTYAOIG. ETA Neo TOY BYMATOC KAL APAL THN XE1 
PAKAIETIO CINAL OMI TOY 1AOTC OFBAAMOIC KALOPGON ANCBACYE TOY 
\HMOF FA PECTRFOCK ML CYN XALPOMENOT- OTL ZOOCAL APETAL @TENON TO. ETH 
TOY CEBACEOY 4 AUN ANTONE INOY a 
\oYRioY TAeYPel Tito KAL ASHARICMENc Ino MAN TOC AN@POMOREXPHOM ATI 
CEN 0 06:00 EACEIN KAL ERK TOY TPIBCOMCY APAT VePPAN KAL MET OFX00 ANA 
OYPACAL KAL € FROEINAL EF TO FIAETPON KAT €C2O0H KAT AHMOCIA HIXAPICTHCEN 
Ty O€w) KAL O AHALOC CYNE XAPH AYTOD 


ALLA ANAQE PON TE IOYTAHANG AGFLILIC ENG Yio MANTOE ANepronol €XPHEMA 


PICEN O QE OC CAQEIN KAP EK POY TPabeumor Apa KOKKOLC CTPOBLAOY KAI 
SATEEN META ME ATTDO CGE PREICHMEPAC KAI CCOUPH IKAL EASCON AHLMOCLA 
4{XAPICEHEEN GTPOUGEN TOY AEIMOT 


ANS Pio APTPOO.CERATHOUTH TY paAcoENPHMATICEN O GEOC ENBELN KAL AABEIN ALMA 
GZ A\CNTPFONOS WYKOY MeTA MEAITOC KAI KOAAYPIOY CYN'TPLYAL KAL ETI 
PPEIC HMERAG 6 OISPERATEMFEORE OPOANMOICKAL ANE BACTEN KAL CAHAYOEN 
KAI HENAPIC THER REI OCIA THEE) % 
Sy, ; = : 








Fic. 22.—Copy or A MEMORIAL TABLET FOUND ON THE SITE OF A TEMPLE OF AESCULAPIUS 
ON THE ISLAND OF THE TIBER AT ROME. 


it upon his eyes. He recovered his sight at once, in the presence and amid 
the applause of the people. This evidence of the omnipotence of the god 
was manifested during the reign of Antoninus (about 120 A. D.). 

(2) A blind soldier named Valerius Aper, having consulted the oracle was 
directed to mix the blood of a white cock with honey, and make of it an 
ointment which he was to rub on the eyes for three days. He recovered his 
sight and went to thank the god before all the people. 

(3) A certain Julian was given over by all because of a spitting of blood. 
The oracle directed him to go to the altar, thence take some pine nuts, mix 
them with honey, and eat of them for three days. He was saved, and returned 
to give thanks to this god, in the presence of all the people. 


ae Be 


ten 


cle eames alt Dap Piet Ne EM 


a ee ee ee ee 


a I A De 


ART. 15. HISTORY OF MEDICINE EXHIBITS—W HITEBREAD. on) 


(4) The son of Lucius was attacked with a pleurisy and his life was de- 
spaired of. The god, who appeared to him in a dream, ordered him to take 
sashes from the altar, mix them with wine, and apply to his side. He was 


saved, and came to thank the god before all the people, who wished him all 


; t 
In Oe TS Howler s Ra. 


Hoax wc xaclA& ¥5s eNom orks s 


Lippacrates Ferach 
yh 


X 


i 


Florist ts mpd 





Fic. 23.—HIPPOCRATES. 


kinds of prosperity. (See Hundertmarck, ‘De Incrementis Artis Medicae.”) 
Cat. No. 143,519, U.S.N.M. 
Hippocrates.—Called the ‘ Father of Medicine.’ Born on the Island of 


Cos in the year 460 B. C. He belonged to the family of the Asclepiadae, a 
gild of priest-physicians reputed to be descendants of Aesculapius, from whom 


36 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 65. 


he was believed to be the sevei.teenth in lineal descent. sefore his time 
medicine was almost exclusively theurgic, or magical. Hippocrates was the 
first to separate medicine from superstition and priestcraft, to base its prac- 
tice upon the principles of inductive philosophy, and direct especial attention 
to the natural history of disease. He laid great stress upon regimen, and was 
the first to enunciate the principles of public health. He wrote voluminously 





Fig. 24.—CLAUDIUS GALEN. 


upon various subjects relating to medicine, and his works have been repro- 
duced in many languages and editions. (Fig. 23.) Cat. No. 143,520, U.S.N.M. 

Hippocratic oath—A form of oath said to have originated with Hippocrates. 
and to have been required of all his pupils. Possibly it antedates his time, as 
it is believed by some historians to have been administered to the pupils of the 
schools of the Asclepiadae. Whatever its origin it stands as a remarkable 
testimonial to the high standard set for the physician of that early period. 


ART. 15. HISTORY OF MEDICINE EXHIBITS—WHITEBREAD. SH 


Certainly from the time of Hippocrates (460 B. C.) to the present it has been 
administered or read to the graduates of medical schools, as a Classical ex- 
pression of the high moral principles which should govern the physician in his 
personal conduct, and in his relations toward his patients. 

“T swear by Apollo, physician, by Aesculapius, by Hygeia and Panacea, 
by all the gods and all the goddesses—taking them to witness—that I will ful- 
fill with my strength and my capacity this oath and engagement: I will 
place my master in medicine in the same rank with the authors of my life; 
I will share with him my fortune, and in necessity I will provide for his 
wants; I will regard his sons as brothers, and if they desire to learn medicine, 
I will teach them without pay. I will communicate my precepts, my oral les- 
sons, and all other instruction to my sons, to the sons of my master, and to those 
disciples who are bound by an engagement and an oath according to the medi- 
cal law, but to no others. I will direct the regimen of my-patients for their 
advantage, to the best of my ability and judgment. I will abstain from all 
wrong and injustice. I will not furnish poison to anyone who solicits it, 
neither will I make a suggestion of it to any one; neither will I furnish to any 
woman an abortive. I will pass my life, and I will exercise my art, in in- 
noceney and purity. I will not perform the operation of lithotomy, but will 
leave it to those who occupy themselves therewith. Into whatsoever house 
I enter, it shall be for the good of my patients, keeping myself from all cor- 
rupting conduct, and especially from the seduction of women and boys, free or 
slaves. Whatever I see or hear in society, in the exercise, or even not in the 
exercise, of my profession, I will keep secret, if it is not necessary to divulge 
it, regarding discretion as a duty in all such cases. If I fulfill this oath, with- 
out violation, may it be given me to enjoy happily life and my profession, 
honored forever among men; if I violate it and perjure myself, let the op- 
posite fate be my lot.” Cat. No. 143,521, U.S.N.M. 

Glaudius Galen.—Next to Hippocrates, the most illustrious of the ancient 
physicians. Born at Pergamos, Asia Minor, (130 A. D.) son of the celebrated 
architect Nicon. He began the study of medicine at 16, and when 20 years of 
age he placed himself under the instruction of eminent physicians at Smyrna, 
Alexandria, and elsewhere. In the year 164 he went to Rome, where he gained 
great renown for his skill in medicine, and also aroused the bitter jealousy of 
his rivals. His vast learning, his eloquence, his voluminous writings on medi- 
cine, philosophy, geometry, and grammar, gained for him the greatest admira- 
tion, and almost religious veneration. Galen was an enthusiastic admirer of 
Hippocrates, and used all the power of his genius and the influence of his 
name to bring back the practice of medicine to the foundation laid for it by 
Hippocrates in the study of the natural history of disease. The writings of 
Galen continued to have almost undisputed authority in medical practice 
down to the sixteenth century. (Fig. 24.) Cat. No. 143,522, U.S.N.M. 





MATERIA MEDICA OF THE ANCIENT GREEKS AND ROMANS. 


“About 800 years separated the periods of Aesculapius and Hip- 
pocrates. * * * Leclerc has collected a list of nearly 400 simples 
which he finds alluded to as remedies in the writings of Hippocrates. 
But these include various milks, wines, fruits, vegetables, fats, and 
other substances which we should hardly call drugs now. Omitting 
these and certain other substances which can not be identified I 


38 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


take from the author named the following list of medicines employed 
or mentioned in that far distant age: 


Abrotanum. 

Absinthe. 

Adiantum 
hair). 

Agnus castus. 

Algae (various). 

Almonds. 

Althaea. 

Alum. 

Amber. 

Ammoniac. 

Amomum. 

Anagallis (veronica). 

Anagyris. 

Anchusa. 

Anemone. 

Anethum. 

Anise. 

Anethemis. 

Aparine (goose grease). 

Aristolochia. 

Armenian stone. 

Asphalt. 

Asphodel. 

Atriplex. 

sacchar s, 

Balm. 

Jasil. 

3istort. 

Blite. 

Brass. 

Briar. 

Bryony. 

surdock. 

Cabbage. 

Cachrys. 

Calamus aromaticus. 

Cantharides. 

Capers. 

Cardamom. 

Carduus benedictus. 

Carrot. 

Castoreum. 

Centaury. 

Centipedes. 

Chaleitis (ved ochre). 

Chenopodium. 

Cinnamon. 

Cinquefoil. 

Clove. 

Colocynth. 


(Maiden- 





Coriander. 

Crayfish. 

Cress. 

Cucumber. 

Cummin. 

Cyclamen. 

Cytisus. 

Dictamnus. 

Dog. 

Dracontium. 

Earths (various). 

Elaterium. 

Elder. 

Brica. 

Euphorbia. 

Excrement of ass, goat, 
mule, goose, fox. 

Fennel. 

rig. 

Foenugreek., 

Frankincense. 

Frogs. 

Galbanum. 

Galls. 

Garlic. 

Germander, 

Goat (various parts). 

Hawthorn. 

Heather. 

Hellebore. 

Hemlock. 

Henbane. 

Honey. 

Horehound. 

Horns of ox, 
stag. 

Hyssop. 

Tsatis. 

Ivy. 

Juniper. 

Laserpitium. 

Laurel. 

Lettuce. 

Licorice. 

Linseed. 

Loadstone. 

Lotus. 

Lupins. 

Magnesian stone. 


goat, and 


~Mallow. 


Mandragora. 





Mecon. (7?) 

Melilot. 

Mercurialis. 

Minium. 

Mints (various). 
Mugwort. 
Myrabolans. 

Myrrh. 

Myrtle. 

Narcissus. 

Nard. 

Nitre. 

Oak. 

Oenanthe. 

Oesypus. 

Olive. 

Onions. 

Origanum. 

Orpiment. 

Ostrich. 

Ox-gall. 

Ox (liver, gall, urine). 
Panax. 

Parthenium. 
Pennyroyal. 

Peony. 
Pepper. 
Persea 
Persil. 
Peucedanum. 
Phaseolus. 
Philistium. 
Pine. 

Pitch. 
Pomegranate. 
Poppy. 
Quicklime. 
Quince. 
Ranunculus. 
Red spider. 
Resin. 
Rhamnus. 
Rhus. 
Ricinus. 
Rock rose. 
Rose. 
Rosemary. 
Ruby. 

Rue. 
Saffron. 
Sagapenum. 


(sebestens). 


VOL. 60. 


ee 


ART. 15. HISTORY OF MEDICINE EXHIBITS—WHITEBREAD. 39 





Sage. Squill. Trigonum. 
Salt. Stag. Tribulus. 
Samphire. Stavesacre. Turpentine. 
Sandarach. Styrax. Turtle. 
Scammony. Succinum. Umbilicus veneris. 
Sea water. Sulphur. Verbascum. 
Secundines of a woman. | Sweat. Verbena. 
Sepia. Tarragon. Verdigris. 
Serpent. Tetragonum. Verjuice. 
Sesame. Thaspia. Violet. 
Seseli. Thistles. Wax. 
Silver. Thlapsi. Willow. 
Sisymbrium. Thuja. Woad. 
Solanum. — Thyme. Worms. 
Spurge. Torpedo (fish). Worm seed. 





This list may be taken to have comprised pretty fairly the materia 
medica of the Greeks as it was known to them when Hippocrates 
practiced, and as it is not claimed that he introduced any new medi- 
cines it may be assumed that these formed the basis of the remedies 
used in the temples of Aesculapius, though perhaps some of them 
were only popular medicines.” Chronicles of Pharmacy.—Wootton. 


SOME MEDICINAL MATERIALS OF ANCIENT GREEKS AND ROMANS. 
VEGETABLE DRUGS. 


Mustard.—The seeds of Brassica nigra, According to Dioscorides (77 
A. D.) as a gargle “it is useful in swelling of the tonsils and chronic rough- 
ness of the windpipe. Moistened and put in the nostrils, it excites sneezing, is 
useful in epilepsy, and arouses women from the paroxysms of hysteria. Mixed 
with figs and applied until the part becomes very red, it is good for sciatica 
and all chronic pains in which we seek to draw the humors from within out- 
ward, removing the disease from one place to another. Mixed with vinegar, it 
is a useful application for the itch and ringworm.” Cat. No. 50,142, U.S.N.M. 

Licorice.—Mentioned by Theophrastus (third century B. C.) as “ the sweet 
Scythian root, good for asthma, dry cough, and all diseases of the chest.” 
The expressed juice, equivalent to the modern ‘extract,’ is recommended by 
Dioscorides for irritation of the bronchial tubes, for burnings in the stomach 
(heart-burn), and diseases of the chest and liver. Taken with wine for ir- 
ritation of the bladder and kidneys. Applied, in solution, as a healing lotion 
for wounds, and, in powder, for the cure of excrescences upon the eyelids. Cat. 
No. 50,154, U.S.N.M. 

Staphisagria—The seeds of Delphinium staphisagria. It was one of the 
medicines of Hippocrates, and was used, as now, for the destruction of vermin 
infesting the human body. Like many other violently irritant medicines it 
was used internally as well as externally. ‘In the dose of 10 or 15 grains, 
taken with honey and water, it purges the gross humors by vomiting. One 
Who has taken it should walk about, and continue the hydromel, for it pro- 
duces a feeling of suffocation, and burns unceasingly the throat.” Dioscorides 
(first century A. D:.). ‘Cat. No. 50,3867, U.S.N.M. 

Maidenhair fern.—The fronds of Adiantum capillus veneris. Used as a 
remedy for croup. Cat. No. 52,445, U.S.N.M. 


40 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 65. 


Carpobalsamum.—The dried fruit of a small evergreen tree growing on the 
shores of the Red Sea. It was in high repute with the ancients as a medicine 
and cosmetic. Cat. No. 52,564, U.S.N.M. 

Lycium.—An extract prepared from the Indian barberry. It was held in 
sreat esteem by the Greeks and Romans, and vases made especially for con- 
caining it, bearing the name “ Lycion,” have been found in the ruins of Grecian 
cities. It was particularly valued as a collyrium in the treatment of ophthal- 
mia. Given internally for dysentery, cough, hemorrhage from the lungs; taken 
with milk, for cure of hydrophobia. Cat. No. 52,571, U.S.N.M. 

Tragacanth.—A gum exuding from various species of Astragalus. The drug 
is mentioned by Theophrastus (third century B. C.) and by other Greek 
physicians. “A useful ingredient of medicines for cough and roughness of 
the throat. Dissolved in wine, and mixed with a little calcined hartshorn or 
burnt alum, it is taken for pains of the kidneys and irritation of the bladder.” 
Dioscorides. Cat. No. 52,775, U.S.N.M. 

Hellebore—The root of Helleborus niger. According to tradition, Melam- 
pus (1400 B. C.), cured the daughters of Proetus, King of Argos, of hysterical 
mania by the use of hellebore. Cooked with lentils or other broth, it was taken 
as a purgative. Used in gout, rheumatism, and insanity. Applied in form 
of plaster for dropsy. Scattered about houses to purify them from everything 
injurious. When about to uproot the plant, prayers were offered to Apollo and 
Aesculapius, and great care was taken lest an eagle should witness the opera- 
tion, in which event the gatherer of the plant would surely die.—Dioscorides. 
Cat. No. 141,632, U.S.N.M. 

ELuphorbium.—A gum resin obtained from incisions made in the branches of 
Euphorbia resinifera. The collection of the drug was described by Dioscor- 
ides and Pliny and is mentioned by Galen and other early Greek writers. 
“The aqueous infusion applied to the eye resolves cataract. Taken with an 
aromatic drink it relieves the pain of sciatica. For snake bite, it is recom- 
mended to incise the skin of the head, introduce a little euphorbium and sew up 
the wound.”’—Dioscorides. Cat. No. 143,169, U.S.N.M. 

Conium.—The expressed juice of the tops of Conium maculatum. It was 
a common plant in Greece, and classed among the deadly poisons. Used medic- 
inally as a constituent of collyria to relieve pain and for plasters for wounds 
and erysipelas. In the treatment of poisoning by conium, emetics and purga- 
tives were used, and as an antidote “pure wine.’ Among the Athenians the 
administration of this drug was the common mode of capital punishment, the 
execution of Socrates by this method being one of the notable events of Greek 
history. The drug was given in wine, and the victim required to walk 
about in order to promote its circulation throughout the body. Cat. No. 143,174, 
U.S.N.M. 

MINERAL Drugs 


Alum.— ‘Alum cleanses the eye from everything that tends to obscure the 
vision, dissipating granulations of the lids and consuming any other ex- 
crescences. It arrests hemorrhage, contracts lax gums, and, with vinegar or 
honey, fixed loosened teeth. Mixed with honey it is good for ulceration of the 
mouth; with the dregs of vinegar and an equal quantity of the ashes of galls 
it is efficacious in chronic and corroding ulcers. In form of ointment it re- 
moves dandruff, and if applied with water it is a remedy for lice and nits 
and for burns.”—Dioscorides. Cat. No. 50,168, U.S.N.M. 

Rust of iron.—According to Appolodorus, Iphyclus, one of the Argonauts, was 
cured of impotence by iron rust dissolved in wine. Iron preparations were 


ART. 15. HISTORY OF MEDICINE EXHIBITS—WHITEBREAD. Al 


used at the time of Hippocrates and among the Romans at the beginning of 
the Christian era. Cat. No. 141,807, U.S.N.M. 

Lemnian earth—An aluminum silicate containing iron, found native in the 
Island of Lemnos. Does not differ from the Armenian bole except in the 
proportion of iron oxide. ‘It is collected by the inhabitants of the island, 
and after being washed and mixed with goat’s blood it is formed into pastilles 
and marked with a seal. Taken with wine it is a potent remedy for deadly 
poisons, is an antidote for the stings and bites of venomous animals, and is 
useful in dysentery.’—Dioscorides. Cat. No. 148,171, U.S.N.M. 

Sulphur.—Administered in form of fumigation for cough, asthma, and 
accumulation of phlegm in the chest. Mixed with turpentine, it removes ring- 
worm, smooths asperities of the skin, and extirpates injured nails. Applied 
with resin, it heals the stings of the scorpion and those of the sea dragon. 
Friction with sulphur and niter relieves itching of the whole body. Applied to 
the forehead in powder or with white of egg, it cures jaundice and catarrh. 
In powder sprinkled upon the body, it checks perspiraton. The fumes of 
sulphur received in the eyes through a reed cures blindness.—Dioscorides. 


ANIMAL DRUGS 


Viper.—‘ The flesh of the viper, cooked and eaten, sharpens the sight, is 
good for nervous debility, and resolves scrophulous tumors. The head and tail 
of the viper should be cut off before cooking; but to say that these extremi- 
ties must be cut off according to a certain method I hold to be fabulous. 
The rest of the body, after evisceration, should be cooked with oil, wine, dill, 
and a little salts. Some say that those who eat vipers’ flesh become very 
lousy, but that is false; others say that they are longer lived.’’—Dioscorides. 
Cat. No. 143,170, U.S.N.M. 

Crab.—*‘ The ashes of the burned crab, given with wine for a period of 
three days, in a dose of two spoonfuls, with a spoonful of gentian, is helpful 
to those bitten by a mad dog. Applied with honey it relieves cracks of 
the feet and anal fissure, and is a remedy for chilblains and cancer. The 
powdered shell, taken with asses’ milk, is good for snake and scorpion bites.” 
—Dioscorides. Cat. No. 143,175, U.S.N.M. 








INDEX 





Page Page 

PAD NACH OAD EAS == we Sl spay Dea oileaneekomedicines=—- = os 2 ee ee: 30 
PVONCU A LUIS os ee ee Se S12) |\SGum); arabicic = a eek ae 28 
PANS teen ee iar es NE eS an ean Sab ov p tien Sa 5 ke area are AT. 
BRSETTAOTAG S Setmmie ss a 0 ee rr DO PETellehore sea 5 Bi SS ee aes 40 
PANT Tien eeepc ot ft ee 405|\\(Hieron:, of .Hpidauruss = ose 2 ee 32 
PANCTON I) Tse ee fs ae ae eh HOS ME pO ChAteS sts a ee ee 35 
AMTEXD HE SBS SS 2 a ee lee 95 | SHippocratic sodth= 2 = = sha aaes 36 
AADTT LUNDY RSS RS Gul @Eoledin stone: = 5S) isa okee eae 11 
Amnietse- relicious.. = J] 2 2 ROO OOM eee a ee ee en oie 7 
Arrangement of exhibits__.________ Oe LOPS sary oe se eds Cs Tas eee 15 
lune O fur Guilea@ssa aoe Sao ae 28 Horseshoes 2-4 i228 ie 3 ee ies ee 18 
Soe nye ee See a PS ee St PAT Gell 23 8 lag OVO COR SY 00 ee a eyes eye 20 
EESTI GO eee tence eS Ps SA SU Ely pO biz eran pallies cena) sens 22 
PES cais lee ee a Pees LOM Ey pnotizer, mmirrore= 2s. os Sisal it; 
SOOO S LOINC ees eas Sen Ae a OM lem eater Gl OT Seas i See ee 5 
Bonaire eee eee eet ne ee Oe ee lmitro daca nse = ee ener os 1 
Warpobalsamum se et 2 40> pinivocationsevnwaa ay Lele Le ee Re 3 
@astor-oll@rseedse 22) Se Mia BLT OA ATETAUIS tO fe a see oe a le 2S 40 
IASC VC eee et ge de A LO es RU aS Pp Glen Sere lds Tans ee 2 9 
AUT aCe OMY at ea ae ey UL HO | PRIS SG Cay Pye erat nese a ee eee 6 
CHONG) ie es ee ee ae GelpKoran talisman = se eee ats ees 11 
Coharims evils eyes see ee eo Ee BN E510) | ADU TOE Syed Sz A ey ee wear 9 
OES tren WG ee ee Se ee GP Mayans on of handse2= =e -oeaee 18 
eT (o rrpeeeen ss ey Laila oS es ets SE iewemmnianweanrthe ss ose 41 
eINEySODERY lean oe me ees SS OP aN COT C Cte Poe ae a De ee SL ee 39 
EO HUM eee ee a RUE 4.0 PaleieTi- aT OCS ue sie oe Alc Oe) eee 27 
AC Te Tome eee ae SI De) SE 18 | Lodestone________ pe CP ee oe 10 
ore eee ree ee a ei ee (Coan eeiry, CUT Se co Vea a eee ee 40 
MRCS L SAIL E C1. Toe eee eee ne rN er ACS CT lO eee re re eee ee 31 
Rei eyweee ee ee eee he 41 Madstones. 2.6.02" 20 ier ee ies 7 
OTANI DONE roo eek ier Sa ee Gil Masic medicine: 22225 ee eee ee 2 
AOISSUTTET BATON) See ee he oe ee Mei enh airy form ese ees ene 39 
OS ree eee te Be We eS AON NaS Kesrw ep 10 a) een eet ee ate 3 
elise ese ae Pee ad Diehl owas SCH Cle as Pes ee eae eee 26 
WeeraLOO b= = so 11 | Materia medica, Egyptian____-____ 25 
MGiMeS ys WeVp tame. Se 2 23 | Materia medica, Greek____________ 37 
TDINCASC UN CHCOTIES = 5 2.2 tek Soh pe 2 | Materia medica, Roman___________ 37 
Di ynbame del ties ese = ee Aol Memorials tablets nme. eee 34 
Egyptian materia medica___-______ DOs eSVLCT CL a cme sees tae pe ope eae tr ko Be 18 
Heyptian- medicines: ==> vi D2 Pe MErm anes ace ae a SNe CLT 15 
MipHOrbiumM = oe a ee 40 ME@ESM@Ri Sint = as 2 hee SE ae 20 
LONI) 15) Metallotherapy sn - ===) — = ee 18 
On CUS Ieee we yee ene 2 See ae 2 ee eins [pe MALTS 3 Gc ch a et Se 17 
Henpemeckes is #4. lee 2 Ge eM S Car hs Seat ied cet a aa ee 39 
SICH mA Mees eS a TU) pe Miyake Pe eR ue Caen opti Ober 29 
SGI CHEN see ee eee LET EG) pete eae cree Rees, nen F¢ 
eso eee es eet ee ee 29 OD Ty saa Yo) ia 2 STE {i 
Rlaxseed 2 ose aah Be PR ONG RoE ON ry re rE eal ale ald LY Se ine 8 
MTA CONSes2 ae a eS She Oy abet ee ee eae ee nae Le a 10 
Calbanums seo 222 2 See eee 2ORUEPA PY LIS ay DEES ee iess ee ee Dale 24 
: CCAD ENB SS eg a Oe] ee are see wee ube Me Se REA 10 
v Glassanetractor=— 22 Siete 2 TEN OP CTE TN ees tea ge Ram P ane PV NLD slots it 


45554—25—Proe.N.M.vol.65——30 43 





44 INDEX 


Page Page 
Peony “root. 222 3-322) se eee Gh VStaphisaeria= 2-2 oe See 39 
Pomesranates = =e eee Via Strap ee eee eee 6 
Psychic medicines -—_ 232 == ee iG -)sSulphurs 2s SS ee ee eee 41 
Quartz= =! ee sae ee ee eee 100) (Sympathetic powders. 2 2 ee 15 
Rabbit's’ foot. 22s ee G | Sympathetical> ‘cures 22 oe eee 15 
Battle, indians a ee So) Salismans: (0300s ee ee 11 
Roman) medicines 222" 22-2 2>="22=2 303|) Theories) of disease. === ae 2 
Royal’ “touch. 2-2 = eee 1S) (Dopazs2 ese a eee eee 8 
Ruby. 22 oo = ee ee eee OiBoughpieces=2 2 22s es eee 20 
Saffron] === a eee See eee a6} Dracacanth. 2222208 Jos so eee 40 
Sapphire=2- =) a ee Se 9. |_Dransference of (disease2=o=—-2-=—— 12 
Scarlet silks( 2s Go] -POTQuvises= 212s ae eee oe eee 10 
Weshme.—=3—--—== Bae eae Ze timegetable lambe==— === see ene 14 
Signatures!) 32252022 Ss eee i'3 | OVials; _ medicine. 22-2 —22=3 ret Bie 28 
Silver ~images 224-5 eee 11 Viper. 222-32 22 eee 41 
Skull, .disk.fromi=__=>_- saiesees— a. i) SVO0d0OL Ss) =. se eee % 
Snake wlough- =) >see eee ttt @Walnuts 2222 3 ee eee 14 
Spider.in. nutshell- sss 25204 _ 3s. 2 6 Fireon a." ee eee = 10 
Squilloos2 2 eee 26 1) Zodiac. stones! = 2~ 2a eee 8 


Stalactites22 <a Oe 14 


SYNOPSIS OF THE NORTH AMERICAN FLIES OF THE 
GENUS SCELLUS. 


By Cuarues T. GREENE, 
Of the Bureau of Entomology, United States Department of Agriculture. 


INTRODUCTION. 


This synopsis is based on a large series of specimens. The location 
of the type is designated under each species where it is known. 

I wish to acknowledge my thanks to Dr. J. M. Aldrich for his 
criticism; to C. W. Johnson for the records which he supplied; to 
Nathan Banks for the loan of a species from the collection of the 
Museum of Comparative Zoology at Cambridge, Massachusetts; and 
to Dr. A. L. Melander who loaned me all his material of this genus. 
Doctor Aldrich donated the type material of several species to the 
national collection. 


HISTORICAL OUTLINE OF THE GENUS. 


The genus Scellus was established by Loew in 1857? with the two 
species Hydrophorus notatus Zetterstedt and Hydrophorus spinima- 
nus Zetterstedt. Coquillett in 1910? designated Hydrophorus spini- 
manus Zetterstedt as type of the genus. 

The three genera Scellus, Hydrophorus, and Liancalus form a dis- 
tinct subfamily of the Dolichopodidae and are characterized by hav- 
ing the last section of the fifth vein shorter than the posterior cross- 
vein, the hairs on the back of the head below forming a scattered 
beard (instead of a ruff in a single row bordering the eye), the 
hypopygium is directed backward or downward, not turned forward 
under the venter. 

Liancalus is easily separated by having slender fore femora and 
elongated fore coxae. Hydrophorus and Scellus are more closely 
related but can be easily separated. Sced/us has long spines on the 
under side of the fore femora and distinet, narrow, longitudinal 
lines on the dorsum of the thorax. HWydrophorus has only small 
spines on the under side of the fore femora, and the dorsum of the 
thorax unmarked with the longitudinal hnes. Sometimes there is a 
very faint trace of these lines. 

1 Neue Beitrige, 1857, pt. 5, p. 22. 


2Type-species of the North American Diptera, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1910, vol. 37, 
p. 608, 


No. 2529—PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VoL. 65, ART. I6. 
1 


PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 69. 


The species of Hydrophorus always frequent the edges of water 


and are often seen running over its surface. Scellus is never seen at 
water, but is found on the bark of trees, on the ground, or in grass. 
Liancalus is found on rocks in cold wet places. 


The males of Scellus can be divided into two groups. The male 


appendages are ribbonlike. In one group the appendage has a spoon- 
like enlargement at the apex, while the other group is without this 
enlargement at the apex. 


bo 


KEY TO MALES. 


. Third joint of antenna very long pointed______------- No. 1, virago Aldrich. 


Third joint of antenna Very, SWOti= === =a =e ne 2 


. Caudal appendage ribbonlike, with a spoonlike enlargement at the apex 3 


Caudal appendage without an enlargement at the apex_-_______---_--- 6 


. Spoonlike tip of appendage infuscated__---—_-________________________ 5 


Spoonlike tip of appendage not infuscated_______-------__--____-_____ 4 


. Spoonlike tip of appendage pale; hind femur very thick, strongly curved at 


base with a cluster of short, thick spines on the underside, 
No. 2, exustus (Walker). 
Spoonlike tip of appendage light ocher yellow; hind femur straight, slender, 
No. 3, spinimanus (Zetterstedt). 


. Hind tibia with two large, spinelike bristles at the apex, the larger one bent 


like’s ‘Gorkserewe2> ee No. 4, monstrosus Osten Sacken. 
Hind tibia normal; front tibia notched near the apex, terminating into an 
ODNGUC NOI ae ee No. 8, avidus Loew. 


. Caudal appendage with an enlargement near the middle, 


No. 6, amplus Curran. 
Gaudal appendage without enlarsenen( 7 


. Appendage short, whitish on apical half, infuscated on basal half; hind femur 


with pale, villous hairs on inner surface near middle, 
No. 5, vigil Osten Sacken. 
Appendage nearly as long as the abdomen, pale, infuscated at extreme base: 
hind femur without villous hairs_____________-_--__ No. 7, filiferus Loew. 


KEY TO FEMALES. 


. Third joint of antenna very long and narrow____--------_- virago Aldrich. 


Third, joint of antenna) Short. = oe ee ee 2, 


Shining Smetallic Glarze ispecies: 44 2s se > 


Dull metallic surfaces heavily dusted, smaller species______-_-_____ 5 


. Halteres brownish-black, pale at base; legs bronze-black, sub-shining, 


exustus (Walker). 
Halteresspale legs mot aspaWOVe2=2— = ean ee eee + 


. Legs shining, dark metallic green; abdomen shining with metallic green 


TE TLCC ELON Ores eee ere ee a monstrosus Osten Sacken. 
Legs sub-shining with a deep reddish-bronze reflection; abdomen with deep 
reddish-bronze. reflectionliUte2 2260 Akt pea ie eee avidus Loew. 


. Front tibia with four long, macrochaetae on under side, 


spinimanus (Zetterstedt). 
Front tibia with two long macrochaetae on under side__-_------_--~-~ 6 


. Front tibia with two macrochaetae of equal length on the front side near the 


MiG ee Fs Se Ee a ee amplus Curran. 
Front tibia with two macrochaetae of unequal length_---__-_--_----~- 7 


. Wemora Metallic’ STCen ooo a aa ee ee filiferus Loew. 


Femora bronze, with reddish tinge_.____________________ vigil Osten Sacken. 





arr. 16. NORTH AMERICAN SCELLUS—GREENE. 3 
1. SCELLUS VIRAGO Aldrich. 


Plate 1, fig. 8; plate 2, figs. 15 and 19; plate 3, fig. 28. 
Scellus virago ALpRIcH, Entomological News, 1907, April, p. 133. 


“ Large species, with yellowish-brown wings and greatly elongated 
antennae, with apical arista.” 

“ Mfale——Head densely yellowish-brown pollinose, the face more 
ocher yellow; eyes elongated vertically, the face slender; about eight 
black bristles behind the eye above, and a pair on the occiput; anten- 
nae inserted higher up, as long as the vertical diameter of the eye, 
slender, the third joint nearly twice as long as the first two, with a 
short two-jointed, apical arista. 

“Thorax thickly dusted, still with a faint coppery or rosaceous 
reflection showing through on dorsum and sides. Pollen of the dor- 
sum grayish in the middle, with two very fine lines in the center, 
inclosing the single row of six or eight tiny, acrostichal bristles; 
dorsocentral bristles in two rows, very small except the posterior 
two of each row, with slight dots from which the separate bristles 
arise; along each side of the dorsum a darker pollinose stripe above 
the pleural suture; before the scutellum a median darker stripe, con- 
tinuing the two fine median lines to the scutellum (the insertion of 
the pin prevents my describing this more closely); scutellum more 
bright coppery red, with two bristles; pleura uniformly and densely 
pollinose with gray, the coppery ground color but little visible. 
Halteres yellow. 

‘Abdomen less pollinose and more coppery than the thorax, of 
four well-developed segments, the others modified; fourth segment 
one-third as long as the preceding one; the ‘ anal appendages’ arise 
on the dorsal side between the fourth and fifth segments they are a 
pair of delicate organs, black at base, whitish beyond, each ending 
in a spoon-shaped, orange-colored enlargement, which bears a dense 
series of small, dark hairs along the outer side and a tuft of similar 
ones on the inner apical angle; third abdominal segment protuberant 
below, the grasping organs of the hypopygium projecting behind it. 

“Legs blackish-green, somewhat pollinose, of complicated struc- 
ture. Fore femora with the usual spines beneath; fore tibiae with a 
row of stiff hairs on the inner side beyond the middle and a stout 
thumblike curved claw on the anterior side before the end; also, with 
a striking lobe or lappet on the inner side of the tip. Middle femora 
slender, a little arcuated; middle tibiae with a row of erect bristles 
on the anterior side past the middle, and curled long hairs on the 
posterior side at the tip. Hind femora, tibiae and tarsi of plain 
structure, the tibiae without noticeable bristles at the tip. 

“Wings brownish-yellow on the basal half, more brown apically ; 
a large brown spot on the posterior cross-vein and another on the 


4 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM, VOL. 65. 


arcuation of the fourth vein, before and beyond the latter vein is 
widely bordered with yellow. Length, including appendages, 7 mm.; 
of the wing, the same. 

“ Female.—Antennae much shorter, the third joint a little longer 
than the other two, arista apical, a little longer than in the male. 
Abdomen of five equal segments. Legs destitute of striking modifica- 
tions, however, the spines under the fore femora are as large as in 
the male. Wings as in the male. Length 7.2 mm.” 

A male, collected at Palo Alto, California, October 11, 1905, J. M. 
Aldrich, collector. A male and female taken in same locality Octo- 
ber 11, 1906, by R. W. Doane, collector. 

T'ype.—Male; allotype female, Cat. No. 26042, U.S.N.M. 

Type locality—Salt marshes near Palo Alto, California, October 
7, 1905. 

Originally described from three specimens. 

Also from salt marshes, San Francisco Bay, October 11, 1906, R. 
W. Doane, collector. Yellowstone Park Upper Geyser Basin, Au- 
gust 7, 1918, A. L. Melander, collector (A. L. M.). Great Salt Lake, 
Utah, M. C. Van Duzee, collector (C. W. J.). 


2. SCELLUS EXUSTUS (Walker). 
Plate 1, fig. 4; plate 2, figs: 12 and 18, plate 3, fig. 25. 


Medeterus exustus WALKER, Insecta Saundersiana, Diptera, vol. 1. p. 211. 
SceHus exrustus Walker, AtpricH, Entomological News, 1907, April, p. 185. 
Scellus exustus WALKER, Neue Beitr., pt. 8, p. 71, species 1. 

“ Male and female.—Thoracis dorso aeneo-nigro opaco, abdomine 
supreo, later versus viridi, nitidissimo, halteribus nigris, alis ni- 
gricantibus adversus costam nigris, lamellis analibus maris albis, in 
basi nigris, apicem versus flavis, in summo apice puncto nigro 
notatis. 

“'The upper side of the thorax bronze-black, opaque; the abdomen 
copper-colored, literally green, very bright; halteres black; wings 
blackish, toward the fore margin entirely black; the anal appendages 
of the male are white, near the root black, toward the tip yellow, at 
the extreme tip with a black spot. Long. corp. 0.22. Long. al. 
0.26. Syn. Aedeterus ewustus Walker. Dipt. Saund. 211. 

“ Male—Black. The face rather narrow, opaque from a bright 
ocher-yellow dust. Antennae black. Front covered with white dust. 
The middle of the upper side of the thorax is, at least in my speci- 
men, black, opaque, and exhibits some traces of gray dust; toward 
the lateral margin it is more bright and shows a less distinct cop- 
pery reflection; on the lateral margin itself there is a broad longi- 
tudinal stripe covered with white dust. Scutellum with two bristles, 
opaque upon the middle, with a thin, almost imperceptible coat of 








ART. 16. NORTH AMERICAN SCELLUS—GREENE, 5 


white dust, bright on the sides. Pleurae bronze-black, on the 
upper half with a dusky copper-colored reflection, on the lower half 
with a thin gray-whitish dust. Abdomen brilliant coppery-red, 
in a certain light it appears brass-colored upon the posterior seg- 
ments, in an oblique direction even green; its first segment almost 
reddish-violet. The upper appendages, peculiar to the males of 
Scellus, are of a very considerable length, white, near the root black, 
somewhat enlarged at the tip, curved toward each other and of a 
yellow color, at the extreme tip black and provided with a tuft of 
pale hairs, which are turned backward. Coxae black, with a thin 
white-grayish dust, the foremost with extremely short pale hairs, 
with a few stiff black little hairs and near the tip with a few black 
bristles. Feet black, the femora more metallic green-black, with 
coppery reflections; the fore femora short, but very much thickened, 
toward the basis on the whole underside beset with bristles of dif- 
ferent length, on the anterior side with a row of stiff black bristles; 
middle femora elongated, thin, gently curved, on the underside 
almost entirely bare; the hind femora near the basis of the under- 
side are enlarged into a large, blunt appendage, beset with large 
black spines, beyond this appendage there is an archlike excision; 
then again they are stouter and beset on the underside with black 
bristles. The fore tibiae, which are comparatively stout, bear on 
the front side, not far from basis, a stout black thorn, their tip is 
elongated into a coarse tooth and their underside, which is beset 
with black bristles, has somewhat before this tooth a small ex- 
cision; middle tibiae long and rather slender; their first half has 
only three short bristles; the second is fringed on the front with a 
row of short black bristles; upon the posterior side somewhat beyond 
the middle, there are a few long black bristles, and between these 
and the tip of the tibia, some long, curly black hairs. The hind 
tibiae are much stronger than the middle tibiae, their first half is 
stouter than the second and the front side before the tip is armed 
with a strong black bristle. Tarsi plain, their joints of decreasing 
length, the first joint of the middle tarsi with a few bristles. Hal- 
teres brownish-black. Wings blackish, all their veins broadly 
margined with black; the margins of the costa and of the first 
four longitudinal veins are entirely confluent, so that the anterior 
part of the wings appears altogether black; upon the middle of the 
posterior transverse vein and upon the curve of the last segment 
of the fourth longitudinal vein there is a black spot; the costal 
cell is of a dark brown color. 

‘* Female——The only female which I possess is not as well pre- 
served as the described male, especially the characters of the face 
can not be recognized with certainty; I would therefore recall the 


6 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 65. 


circumstance that the face of most of the females of Scellus is less 
yellow than in the males. The first joint of the antenna in the 
female is considerably shorter than that of the male. Fore femora 
and fore tibiae less stout, though the tip of the latter has also a denti- 
form but less stout elongation; their under side has no excision be- 
fore this tooth and the front side of the tibiae no thorn. Middle 
femora not curved, on the larger half of their under side with a 
few sparse bristles. Middle tibiae plain, upon the first half with a 
considerable number of black bristles, upon the latter part of the 
posterior side without the curly hairs which are found in the males. 
Hind femora plain, slender toward the tip, but very little stronger 
upon the second part of the underside with about six rather strong 
black bristles. Hind tibiae without the strong bristle which, in the 
males, exists at the tip of the front side.” 

Habitat—Middle States. (Osten Sacken) ; Illinois. (Le Baron.) 

Type locality—Bolton. North America. 

Distribution.—Meoscow, Idaho, June 14-18, 1895, June 19, 1900, 
and July 27-28, 1910. Brookings, South Dakota, I. H. Orcutt, col- 
lector. Hunter’s Creek, Wyoming, September 11, 1895. Tennessee 
Pass, Colorado, July 24, 1917, J. M. Aldrich, collector. Ipswich, 
Mass., June 19, 1870, F. G. Sanborn, collector. Ottawa, Canada, no 
date (collection of C. V. Riley). Chicago, Illinois, July 5, 1895, 
June 9, 1899. Pullman, Washington, May 29, 1910, June 28, 1908, 
W. M. Mann, collector. McHenry, Illinois, June, 1900. Moscow 
Mountain, Idaho, July 8, 1916 (A. L. M.). Buffalo, N. Y., M. C. 
Van Duzee, collector. Chambly County, Quebec, Changnon, collec- 
tor (C. W. J.).. Orono, Maine. Hampton, N. H. Shoreham, Vt. 
(B..S.,N.H.). 


3. SCELLUS SPINIMANUS (Zetterstedt). 


Plate 1, fig. 1; plate 2, fig. 9; plate 3, fig. 24. 4 


Hydrophorus notatus ZETTERSTEDT (not Fabricius), Insecta Lapponica, p. 701, 

No. 4. 

Hydrophorus spinimanus ZETTERSTEDT, Diptera Scandinaviae, vol. 2, p. 445, 

No. 5. 

Scellus spinimanus Zetterstedt, Loew, Monograph of North American Diptera, 

vol. 2, p. 204, No. 2. 

Scellus spinimanus Zetterstedt, AtDRicH, Entomological News, vol. 18, April, 

1907, pp. 185-136. 

* Male and female.—Thoracis dorso obscure aeneo, albido-pollinose, 
opaco, abdomine ex viridi cupreo, nitido, halteribus subfuscis, alis 
nigris, basi et costae dimidiae limbo subalbidis, margine postico toto 
cinereo, lamellis analibus maris albis, basim versus infra nigro- 
marginatis, apicem versus flavis, in summo apice puncto fusco notatis. 

“The upper side of the thorax dusky bronze-colored, with whitish 
dust; abdomen coppery-green, bright; halteres brownish; wings 





ArT. 16. NORTH AMERICAN SCELLUS—GREENE, 7 


black, though the root and the margin of half the costa is whitish, 
the whole posterior margin gray; anal appendages of the male white, 
toward the basis on the under side with a black margin, toward the 
tip yellow, at the extreme tip marked with a brown spot. Long. 
corp. 0.15. Long. al. 0.19. 

“ Male-——Blackish bronze-colored. The face is comparatively a 
little broader than in S. ewustus, covered with bright ocher-yellow 
dust and opaque. Antennae black. Front with whitish dust. The 
ground color of the thorax is of a coppery-bronze; upon the middle of 
the upper side more of a blackish-bronze, but almost everywhere so 
thickly covered with dust that the coppery luster is only very little 
perceptible; the dust on the upper side of the thorax is snow-white, 
upon the two longitudinal stripes near the lateral margin it is less 
thick, so that the coppery reflection of the ground-color is more dis- 
tinct; upon the middle there are two narrow, dark longitudinal lines, 
close to each other, which do not reach as far as the posterior margin 
of the thorax. Upon the pleurae the color of the dust is more yel- 
lowish. The scutellum has two bristles, is rather opaque, with a thin 
whitish dust. Abdomen green, mostly with a coppery luster, which 
becomes much more bright near the lateral margin. The anal ap- 
pendages are of middling length, white, near the basis of the lower 
margin with a narrow black border, and on the upper margin usually 
marked with a black spot; beyond the middle they are inflected up- 
ward and gradually assume a yellow color; their extreme tip is 
marked with a small brown spot and bears a small tuft of delicate 
pale hairs, which are turned backward; about the middle of the 
interior margin there is a similar pubescence; between them, toward 
the anal region, there is a small tuft of delicate whitish hairs. Coxae 
bronze-black; the four anterior with yellow and the two hind ones 
with a rather whitish dust; the fore coxae with very short and deli- 
cate pale hairs, near and upon the tip with a few black bristles. Feet 
black, femora and tibiae more black-green, the former bright cop- 
pery. Fore femora short, toward the basis very much thickened, 
beset on the under side with bristles of different length, on the front 
side with a row of stiff black bristles. Middle femora long, stronger 
than in S. ewustus and more curved, on the latter half of the under 
side with erect black bristles. Hind femora of a plain structure, not 
stouter than the middle femora; their under side has only, close be- 
fore the tip, a few black bristles. The comparatively stout fore 
tibiae have on their front side, not far from their basis, a stout black 
thorn; their tip is elongated into a very stout tooth, before which the 
under side of the tibiae, which is beset with strong bristles, has a 
small excision. Middle tibiae not quite so long and slender as those 
of S. exustus, on the upper side only with three or four short bris- 
tles, on the under side with a row of extremely long, straight, erect 


8 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 65. 


black bristles, and on the hind side with long curved hairs, which 
latter are more dense near the tip and curl up to the shape of a lock 
of hair. Hind tibiae plain, scarcely stouter than the middle tibiae; 
on the upper side, not far from the basis, there is a strong bristle, 
and on the latter half a few small bristles; the under side is beset 
with short small bristles, which are isolated upon the first part and 
closer together and in more regular order upon the second half; at 
the end of the under side there is a considerable number of less 
strong and less short bristles, of which the last is distinguished by its 
greater length; on the outside of the tip of the tibiae there are several 
short and one longer and curved bristle, which has almost the thick- 
ness of a thorn. Tarsi plain, the joints of decreasing length, the 
first joint of the fore and of the middle tarsi with more, that of the 
hind tarsi with less bristles. Halteres yellowish-brown, the lower 
part of the knob more dark. The wings of uniform breadth and at 
the end more rounded than in the other species; an uncommonly large 
black spot covers their apical half with the exception of a broad gray 
border on the posterior margin, and extends as a broad cloud along 
the fifth longitudinal vein almost as far as the anal cell; inside of 
the discoidal cell it is somewhat paler, otherwise, however, so dark 
that the two black spots, peculiar to this genus, upon the posterior 
transverse vein and upon the last segment of the fourth longitudinal 
vein, can only be perceived when the wing is held toward the light; 
the anterior part of the wing from the basis as far as the middle is 
dingy-whitish hyaline; the anal angle and a broad border along the 
posterior margin are more hyaline-gray.” 

Habitat.—Fort Resolution, Hudson Bay Territory (Kennicott). 

“ Female—It is distinguished from the male by the following 
characters: Face with pale yellow-grayish, front with brown dust. 
The middle of the upper side of the thorax with yellow-brownish 
dust, marked with a few spots of whitish dust. Its lateral stripes 
are covered with brown, the edge of the lateral margin, however, 
again with gray-whitish dust. The abdomen is more green, less 
coppery and less bright than in the male. The dust upon the pleurae 
and upon the fore coxae is less yellow. The fore femora are of a 
similar structure as those of the male; the fore tibiae without a thorn 
on the inside, elongated at the tip in a much smaller and sharper 
tooth, before which there is no excision; otherwise the feet are plain, 
the middle and hind femora straight and much more slender than in 
the male; middle and hind tibiae only sparsely beset with scattered 
bristles. 

“ Observation.—As I do not possess a North American female of 
S. spinipes, I have prepared the above description from Swedish 
specimens.” 

Type locality Lapland. Also from Hudson Bay Territory. 





ART. 16. NORTH AMERICAN SCELLUS—GREENE. 9 


4. SCELLUS MONSTROSUS Osten Sacken. 
Plate 1, fig. 6; plate 2, figs. 13 and 20; plate 3, figs. 26 and 27. 
Scellus monstrosus OSTEN SACKEN, Western Diptera, 1877, p. 319. 


* Male-——Thorax brownish-gray, with several rows of brown dots 
on which the bristles are inserted, and two approximate brown lines; 
wings tinged with brownish; anal appendages of the male at least as 
long as the abdomen, white; their end brownish-yellow, inverted 
spoon-shaped. Length 6-7 mm. (without the appendages). 

“Face brownish-ocher-yellow; antennae black; front dull greenish 
gray; inferior orbit beset with yellow hair; the superior with stiff, 
black spines. Ground color of the thorax concealed under a thick 
grayish-brown pollen; three rows of brown dots, in linear groups 
of three or four, bear the usual dorsal bristles; on each side of the 
intermediate row there is an uninterrupted brown line reaching to 
the scutellum; the coppery ground color of the thorax is visible on 
the dorsum above the wings; a large, coppery, shining spot on the 
upper part of the pleurae; a smaller one at the foot of the halteres; 
abdomen copper-colored; halteres yellow, the extreme root brown- 
ish; tegulae with yellow cilia. Anal appendages at least as long as 
the abdomen, ribbonlike, white, except at the root, which is brown; 
they are angularly bent in the middle, the latter half expanded, in- 
verted spoon-shaped yellowish-brown, bearing a fan-shaped tuft of 
long hairs at the end. Legs metallic-coppery; tarsi black. Lobe at 
the end of the front tibiae very large, deeply emarginate at the base; 
the long spine on the inner side of the tibiae appears bifid, from a 
strong bristle near its tip; middle tibiae, besides some stiff bristles 
on the upper and under side, with a fringe of soft hairs on the hind 
side, which become longer toward the tip, and end there in a tuft of 
curly hair; the hind tibiae end in a very long curved spine, hook- 
shaped at the tip (if stretched out, it would be nearly as long as one- 
third of the first joint of the hind tarsi); a smaller spine near it. 
Wings yellowish at the root, otherwise tinged with brown, expecially 
between the first and third veins; costal cell tinged with yellowish; 
a brown cloud on the great cross-vein; another on the curvature of 
the fourth vein; some subhyaline spots near the root of the wings, 
the most conspicuous of which is on the proximal end of the third 
posterior cell.” 

Habditat.—British Columbia (Crotch). A single male. 

Type locality —British Columbia (Crotch). 

Distribution.—Tennessee Pass, Colorado, July 24, 1917, J. M. Ald- 
rich, collector. Burns, Oregon, B. G. Thompson, collector. Lake 
View, Montana, August 3, 1920, A. N. Caudell, collector. Yellow- 
stone Park, Canyon Camp, August 12, 1918, A. L. Melander, col. 
lector (A. L. M.). 


10 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 65. 


5. SCELLUS VIGIL Osten Sacken. 
Plate 1, fig. 2; plate 2, figs. 10 and 23; plate 3, fig. 30. 
Scellus vigil OSTEN SACKEN, Western Diptera, 1877, p. 318. 


“ Male—Thorax grayish above, with two approximate brown 
lines; abdomen and pleurae copper-colored, partly metallic-greenish ; 
wings subhyaline, with a double grayish spot on the great cross- 
vein, and a similar larger spot on the last section of the fourth 
vein; anal appendages of the male narrow, white, blackish at the 
base. Length 3.5-4.5 mm. 

“ Face brownish-yellow, narrow above, broader below; antennae 
black; the ground-color of the front is concealed under a grayish 
pollen. Thorax above with a dense gray pollen almost concealing 
the coppery ground color; two approximate brown lines in its middle 
stop some distance before reaching the scutellum; between their end 
and the scutellum, an opaque dark brown spot. Pleurae coppery, 
with greenish reflection, slightly pruinose. The scutellum, with two 
bristles, is greenish, coppery, or purplish. Abdomen (very much 
shrunken and withdrawn in my specimens) coppery, pruinose above, 
brilliant coppery, and greenish on the sides. Anal appendages 
ribbonlike, white, blackish near the root. Legs metallic-green or 
coppery, with purple reflections; tarsi black. The structure of the 
legs agrees in the main with the description of the legs of S. filifer 
Loew.’ Halteres whitish. Wings subhyaline, their root yellowish; 
costa yellowish-brown before its junction with the first vein; a 
double grayish spot on the great cross-vein, and a similar larger 
spot on the last section of the fourth vein; the latter is well defined 
on the proximal and evanescent on the distal side.” 

Habitat—Webber Lake, Sierra Nevada, July 22-24. Three males 
found resting on stones on hillsides. 

This species differs from S. jilifer Loew (Fort Resolution, Hud- 
son Bay Territory) in the coloring of the wings, which have no 
longitudinal gray streaks between the veins, the color of the anal 
appendages, which are not yellow at the end, etc. Nevertheless, the 
resemblance between the two species must be very great. 

Type locality—Webber Lake, Sierra Nevada. 

Distribution—Pullman, Washington, May 25, 1908. Moscow 
Mountain, Idaho, June 17, 1918, July 5, 1919, July 9, 1920 (A. L. M.). 
Moscow, Idaho, no date. Pullman, Washington, May 31, 1918. 


6. SCELLUS AMPLUS Curran. 
Plate 1, fig. 3; plate 2, figs. 11 and 21. 
Scellus amplus Curran, Can. Ent., vol. 55, 1928, p. 73. 


“Middle tibiae swollen and polished at apex, with a long spine 
just before the swelling beneath; front basitarsus with a long spine 





3’ Monograph, pt. 2, p. 210. 














ART. 16. NORTH AMERICAN SCELLUS—GREENE. 1. 


below before the middle and two or three smaller ones. Allied to 
jiliferus Loew, but that species has numerous shorter spines on front 
basitarsi and dense ciliate hairs behind on the middle tibiae. 

“ Length, almost 5 mm., wing 6.5 mm. 

“ Wale—Face narrow, widened below, ocher-yellow; front yellow 
with some ocher pollen; the ground color bronze green; occiput 
yellow, with cupreous reflections. Palpi yellow, proboscis black. 
Antennae black, shining; third joint elongate oval, subpointed above, 
a little swollen at the origin of the arista; not shining, with short 
whitish hair. Basal portion rather thick; last section slender, 
curved about its middle. 

“Thorax cupreous bronzed, rather thickly grayish pollinose, but 
not completely obscuring the ground color, dorsum with two nar- 
rowly separated median brownish stripes, abbreviated behind, and 
an obscure similarly colored stripe above the wings. Each of the few 
hairs arises from a black spot. Pleura much less densely pollinose. 
Scutellum moderately pollinose. 

“Legs black, femora bronzed, tibiae more greenish. Fore femora 
thick basally, gradually tapering. Anterior tibiae with the sub- 
basal spur black, its upper surface yellow pollinose, and with pale 
yellowish hairs; just below the origin of the spur, on the outer side 
a long black spine, with a shorter one above it; apex of tibiae pro- 
duced as a rather broad, blunt lobe, which is of about the same 
length as the last tarsal joint; the lobe behind with three or four 
Bie bristles, its anterior and apical margin with 4" fringe of short, 
black hairs; immediately above the lobe in front the tibia is fringed 
with valley hairs, dense and longer apically; beneath toward the 
front is a row of black bristles, longer apically, behind, on the swollen 
subbasal fourth with much longer bristles. Front basitarsi postero- 
ventrally, just before the middle, with a long bristle and two or 
three short ones before it on posterior surface. Middle femora 
strongly arcuate, the apical two-thirds swollen, beneath, on the hind 
surface with a single row of black bristles, but these are mixed with 
the long, bristly hairs on the upper half, and not distinguishable; 
anterodorsally is a row of five or six bristles on the apical third. 
Middle tibiae also moderately arcuate and swollen on basal portion, 
the posterior surface flattened; bearing long, not very abundant 
hairs which appear slightly tufted, and especially marked on the 
swollen area; above the middle on the outer side with two bristles 
and a slightly stouter one just before the apex; apex swollen and 
polished, more extensively so on the posterior side; just above this 
area on the inner side a stout, apically curved bristle. Middle basi- 
tarsi on either side below with a row of long spines. Hind femora 
laterally compressed, bearing dorsally two subapical bristles and a 
posterior one just before the apical dorsal one. Hind tibiae a little 


12 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 65, 


curved outward when viewed from the side; their outer surface with 
about four equally spaced spines, their inner, posterior apical half 
with nine similar spines not in a regular row; the opposite surface 
with more or less regular hairs. Coxae grayish-white pollinose, 
with fine yellow pile, the front ones with a row of black bristles. 

“Wings largely clear hyaline, but beyond the middle the cells are 
cinereous, fading out apically; on the cross-vein is a double, fused 
spot occupying all either end, and a second spot on the curve of the 
Jast section of the fourth vein; there is also a streak in the discal 
cell, and the area behind the fifth vein from the tip of the sixth vein 
is darker, but fades out marginally. 

‘Abdomen on basal four segments and side of the fifth, coppery, 
the fifth and sixth bronze green; except the sixth segment, rather 
abundantly yellowish-gray pollinose. Fillaments black basally, be- 
coming brown, the apical half yellow: the basal portion, which is 
directed to the upper margin of the abdomen and about one-fifth of 
the second portion, which is directed backward, is black; from there 
to about the second third of this portion it is yellowish brown, the 
last third yellow; the second portion is terminated in a broad, in- 
ferior ciliae of yellow hairs, which extend all along the yellow por- 
tion, and the third portion curves obliquely upward from this point, 
again curving back, but the pointed end curved a little upward; the 
outer upper margin of the last section, not reaching to the tip, is 
cilate, with pale yellowish or white hairs, which are directed down- 
ward so as to cover the whole of this side of the filament. The termi- 
nal lamellae are fuscous, broadened and then ending in a pair of 
parallel processes, which are long, flattened and subpointed, each 
bearing four or five not long black hairs apically. 

“ Holotype—Male, Saanich, British Columbia, May 17, 1919 (W. 
Downes), No. 554 in the Canadian National Collection, Ottawa.” 

In looking over the above description I find there are some details 
of some of the characters which have been omitted. As I had the 
following description written for this new species I thought it would 
be of interest and important enough to give it as I had intended to 
publish it. 

Medium-sized species bronze, gray dusted; wings tinged with yel- 
lowish-brown (more so in the female) ; antennae short and normal. 

Dorsum of thorax opaque, ashen gray with two approximated, par- 
allel, central, dark, dull brown stripes extending backward to the 
penultimate pair of bristles, from here the stripe is solid, dark 
bronze, metallic (the width of this stripe almost equal to the space 
between the two stripes) ; the bristles of the two central rows are each 
located on a brown spot; halteres yellowish white; wings more hya- 
line in the male, decidedly brownish in the female; the costal vein 
to the tip of the first vein and the entire first vein yellow, all the 


GREENE, 13 





ART. 16. NORTH AMERICAN SCELLUS 


other veins are blackish; male wing has a faint double spot on the 
posterior cross-vein and a faint spot at the bend of the apical seg- 
ment of the fourth vein; female wing with the above spots much 
darker and a large, definite, ight spot below the fifth vein in front 
of the basal cell; male appendage narrow with a nearly quadrate 
enlargement in the middle. 

Length—Male, 3.5 mm. (without appendages) ; female, 5 mm. 

The narrow face dull ocher, broader below; front dull gray. 
Pleura bronze colored with a thick, opaque, gray dust; just in front 
of the halteres is a well-developed fingerlike tubercle. The scutel- 
lum same color as the pleurae and with two large bristles at the 
apex. The abdomen is dark, metallic bronze, not so thickly dusted 
as the thorax; broadly along the apical edge of the segments and 
toward the outer edges the dust is whitish. Anal appendages of the 
male white and ribbonlike on the apical half with a fine fringe 
of short white hairs on inner edge; basal portion is blackish; in 
the middle is a broad area which is nearly quadrate with a fringe of 
brownish-yellow hairs along the inner and outer edge, that on the 
inner edge is longer; other parts of the genitalia are brownish 
with yellow hairs. Coxae of a blackish bronze color with whitish 
dust. Feet black, the femora with a more coppery, the tibiae with 
a more metallic-greenish tinge. Fore femora much thicker at the 
base, on under side strong black bristles of various length. Middle 
femora thickened on apical two-thirds, bent inward and downward 
at the basal third. Hind femora thickened, the basal edge is 
straight, the upper edge is arched. Fore tibiae thickened on the 
apical two-thirds, near the basal third on the inner side is a thick 
spikelike projection, on the front inner side is a long bristle, numerous 
short thick spinelike bristles on the under and inner edge. Middle 
tibiae slightly thickened at base, two faint curves; on the under and 
outer side is a long tuft of curved hairs, more curly on outside; 
numerous bristlelike hairs on inner under side near the apex; on 
under side near the apex is a very thick spine bent at right angles. 
Hind tibiae normal with several short spinelike bristles on the 
apical third, at the apex are three thick bristles, one is sharply 
bent at apex. Tarsi all simple, black; front metatarsus with a long 
bristle on the under side below the middle; middle metatarsus has 
several heavy bristles on under side, four very long ones are arranged 
in a row. Wings faintly infuscated on the apical half from the 
fourth vein to the costa, a small cloud near the middle of the outer 
section of the fourth vein and a cloud on the third cross-vein. The 
first vein entire and the costal vein from the tip of the first vein 
to the base is pale: yellow, all the other veins brownish-black. Hal- 
teres yellow with base of stem blackish. Tegulae and cilia pale 
yellow. 


14 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 65. 


Type locality.—Saanich, British Columbia, May 17, ‘1919, W. 
Downes. 

Distribution.—W hitehall, Montana, July 11, 1917, H. G. Dyar, 
collector. Forest Grove, Oreg., September 30, 1918, F. R. Cole, 
collector. Gold Creek, Mont., July 29, 1918. Moscow Mountain, 
Idaho, July 5, 1919, June 26, 1920, A. L. Melander, collector. 


7. SCELLUS FILIFERUS Loew. 
Plate 1, fig. 5; plate 2, figs. 14 and 17; plate 3, fig. 29. 


Scellus filiferus LozEw, Monographs of North American Diptera, 1864, pt. 2, 

p. 209. 

Male.—* 'Thoracis dorso cinereo, opaco, abdomine cupreo, cinereo- 
pollinose, subopaco, halteribus albidis, alis hyalinis in basi subalbidis, 
apicem versus cinereo-striatis punctisque duobus majusculis nigri- 
cantibus, altero didymo in vena transversa posteriore, altero simplici 
in ultimo venae longitudinalis quartae segmento; lamellis analibus 
maris angustissimis albis, in basi nigris, in summo apice flavicantibus. 

“Upper side of the thorax gray, opaque; abdomen copper-colored 
with grayish dust, rather opaque; halteres whitish; wings hyaline, 
whitish near the root. with gray stripes toward the tip; upon the 
posterior transverse vein with a double blackish spot of considerable 
size, and with a similar, but single spot upon the last segment of the 
fourth longitudinal vein; the anal appendages of the male are very 
narrow, white, black at the basis and yellowish at the extreme tip. 
Long. corp. 0.15. Long. al. 0.20. 

“The narrow face is ocher-yellow. Antennae black. Front with 
white dust. Thorax blackish-bronze colored with copper-colored 
reflections; on the upper side with thick whitish dust, which almost 
conceals the ground color, opaque; upon the pleurae with a somewhat 
thinner dust of the same color. Upon the middle of the upper side 
there are two narrow parallel lines of a darker color, which do not 
reach as far as the posterior margin of the thorax. The scutellum, 
which has two bristles, is of the same color as the pleurae. ‘The 
ground color of the abdomen is like that of the thorax, is, however, 
more distinct, not being so thickly covered with dust; toward the 
lateral margin of the abdomen, where the dust almost entirely dis- 
appears, there isa bright copper-colored luster. The anal appendages 
of the male, which are turned upward at the tip, are not ribbonlike, 
as in the previously described three species, but filiform, white, black 
at the root, at the tip pale yellowish to a small extent; on the middle 
of their exterior margin there is a dense beard of delicate little white 
hairs; there is no tuft of hairs at their tip. Between them, in the 
anal region, only a moderate number of short delicate little hairs, 
which may be easily overlooked, are inserted. Coxae of a blackish- 





ART. 16. NORTH AMERICAN SCELLUS—GREENE. 15 


bronze color with whitish dust; the fore coxae have, besides the pale, 
and, on account of its shortness and delicacy, almost imperceptible 
pubescence, quite a number of black bristles. Feet black, the femora 
with a more coppery, the tibiae with a more metallic-greenish, tinge. 
_ Fore femora rather strongly thickened toward the basis, on the under 
side with strong black bristles of different length, on the front side 
only with an imperfect row of short black bristles. Middle femora 
moderately thickened and strongly curved, on the under side of the 
basis with two or three not very long, on the apical half with a large 
number of long, straight and erect bristlelike black hairs. Hind 
femora plain, of middling stoutness, on the under side with bristle- 
like short hairs; on the upper side with two longer black bristles, of 
which the larger is not far from its tip. Fore tibiae strong, with a 
large and sharp thorn on the front side, not far from the basis; 
elongated at the tip into a large clumsy tooth; the under side of the 
tibia, provided with bristles, has no distinct excision before this 
tooth. Middle tibiae long, straight, a little stronger in the neighbor- 
hood of the basis; the first two-thirds of their under and posterior 
side are fringed with long curly black hairs, the end of the under 
and front side, however, with long and stiff black bristles; on the 
under side, where these bristles begin, there is between them a some- 
what curved black thorn. Hind tibiae straight, on the under side 
with short but very strong black bristles, one of which, being not far 
from the tip, is remarkable for its greater length; on the outside 
of the tip of the tibiae a few shorter and one somewhat longer curved 
bristle are inserted. Tarsi plain, their joints of decreasing length; 
the first joint of the fore and middle tarsi on the under side with 
black bristles, which are of considerable length near the basis of the 
tarsi, but decrease in length very rapidly so as to be very short on the 
larger portion of the joint; the under side of the first joint of the 
hind tarsi is everywhere beset with short black bristles. Halteres 
pale-yellowish, but the basis of the knob somewhat brownish. Wings 
hyaline; almost the whole basal third appears somewhat whitish when 
seen in a certain direction; grayish stripes along the second half 
of the second and third longitudinal veins, likewise along the tip of 
the last segment of the fourth and the greater portion of the fifth 
longitudinal vein; there is also a gray streak between the third and 
fourth longitudinal veins; upon the posterior transverse vein there is 
a blackish-gray double spot, and upon the middle of the last segment 
of the fourth longitudinal vein there is a larger rounded blackish- 
gray spot, which is less sharply defined on the side turned toward 
the tip of the wing.” 

Habitat—Fort Resolution, Hudson Bay Territory (Kennicott). 

Type locality—Fort Resolution, Hudson Bay Territory (Ken- 
nicott). 

45554— 25—Prcec.N.M.vol.65——31 


16 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 65. 


Distribution.—Tennessee Pass, Colorado, July 8. Fairbanks, 
Alaska, June 30 to July 4, 1921, J. M. Aldrich, collector. Moscow, 
Idaho, no date. Custer, South Dakota, no date. Tabernash, Colo- 
rado, August, E. S. Tucker, collector. Mountains near Sheridan, 
Wyoming. Mount Constitution, Washington (Orcas Island) July 
7, 1905. Bozeman, Montana, 4,800 feet, June 21, 1900, R. E. 
Cooley, collector. Bozeman, Montana, 4,800 feet, July 8, 1901, E. J. 
S. Moore, collector; Moscow Mountain, Idaho, July 8, 1911. Yellow- 
stone Lake, Montana, August 8, 1918. Moscow Mountain, Idaho, 
July 5, 1919, A. L. Melander, collector (A. L. M.). Farewell Creek 
Saskatchewan (C. W. J.). 


8. SCELLUS AVIDUS Loew. 
Plate 1, fig. 7; plate 2, figs. 16 and 22. 
Scellus avidus Loew, Monographs of North American Diptera, 1864, pt. 2, p. 207. 


Male—* Thoracis dorso aeneo-nigro, nitido, margine et linea, 
media cinereo-pollinosis, pleurarum plaga supera, abdomineque ex 
viridi laete cupreis, nitidissimis, halteribus albis, alis cinereis, punctis 
duobus nigris, altero in vena transversa posteriore, altero in ultimo 
venae longitudinalis quartae segmento; lamellis analibus maris albis, 
basi et apice tamen nigris. 

“Upper side cf the thorax bronze-black, shining, its margin and 
a middle line dusted with gray powder; a large spot on the upper 
part of the pleurae and the abdomen bright greenish-copper colored, 
very shining; halteres white; wings gray with two large dots, one 
on the posterior transverse vein, the other upon the last segment of 
the fourth longitudinal vein; the anal appendages of the male are 
white, but their basis and tip are black. Long. corp. 0.17. Long. al. 
0.21. 

“ Male.—Face somewhat broader than in the previous two species, 
dusted with bright ocher-yellow powder, opaque. Front with white 
dust. Antennae black. Most of the upper side of the thorax bright 
bronze-black with faint viclet reflections; its whole margin has a 
rather broad border dusted with a whitish-gray powder, and there- 
fore opaque; there is also a narrow middle line, which is much 
abbreviated behind and likewise dusted with a white-grayish powder. 
The upper part of the pleurae, from the shoulder to the root of the 
wings, is entirely without dust, metallic greenish-copper colored, 
very much shining; as I have only a single specimen, I am unable 
to judge with certainty whether this large shining spot is also present 
in fresh specimens, as I believe it to be, or whether in the above-de- 
scribed specimen it is merely rubbed off; the other parts of the 
pleurae are dusted with gray. The scutellum, which has two 
bristles, is greenish-bronze colored and opaque. The very shining 
abdomen is of a bright coppery color, but assumes, when its surface 


arr. 16. NORTH AMERICAN SCELLUS—GREENE. 17 


is looked upon in a very oblique direction, a green or at least brassy- 
yellow color. The tapelike anal appendages are very long, somewhat 
blackened at the basis, and still more so at the tip which is turned 
upward and there beset with a small tuft of blackish hair directed 
backward; otherwise their margins are not hairy, although there 
is a single black bristle where the blackening of the tip begins on the 
under side in the vicinity of its inner margin. Near the anus be- 
tween the above-mentioned two appendages there are a few small 
black hairs. Coxae greenish-black, with white-yellowish dust; the 
foremost have, besides some pale hairs, almost imperceptible on ac- 
count of their shortness and delicacy, a few black bristles before and 
upon the tip. Feet black with a metallic-green reflection, which 
gradually disappears upon the last joints of the tarsi. Fore femora 
toward their root not so much thickened as in the two preceding 
species, beset with strong black bristles of different lengths on the 
under side, on the front side with a sparse row of short black 
bristles. Middle and hind femora long, slender, straight, of a plain 
structure, beset cn the second half with a moderate number of short, 
scattered black bristles. ‘The moderately stout fore tibiae bear on 
their anterior side, not far from the basis, a short black thorn and 
are prolonged at their tip into a large, somewhat clumsy but sharp 
tooth, before which the under side of the tibia, provided with bristles, 
has a very small excision. The middle tibiae are long and slender; 
on the upper side they are beset with only three, on the anterior side 
with about seven scattered bristles of very moderate length; on the 
other half of their hind side they bear long curly black hairs. Hind 
tibiae slender, straight, rather long, only on the second half with a 
few isolated black bristles; the bristles on the outside of their tips 
are also only short. Tarsi plain, their joints of decreasing length; 
the first joint of the fore and middle tarsi on the under side with 
numerous black bristles, the first joint of the hind tarsi only with a 
few and much shorter bristles. Wings hyaline-gray, somewhat 
darker toward the tip on account of the gray margin of the second, 
third, and fourth longitudinal veins; upon the posterior transverse 
vein and upon the middle of the last segment of the fourth longitudi- 
nal vein there is a gray-blackish spot of considerable size.” 

Habitat—F¥ort Resolution, Hudson Bay Territory (Kennicott). 

Type locality —Fort Resolution, Hudson Bay Territory (Kenni- 
cott). 

Distribution—Hunter’s Creek, Wyoming, September 11, 1895. 
Tennessee Pass, Colorado, July 24, 1917, J. M. Aldrich, collector. 
Colo. 2009 U.S.N.M. Cumbers, New Mexico, August 14, 1901, 10,000 
feet altitude, Dyar and Caudell, collectors. Hunter’s Creek, Wyo- 
ming, September 11, 1895, Colo. 2009 (A. L. M.). High River, 
Alberta, Owen Bryant, collector (C. W. J.). 


18 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 65. 


BIBLIOGRAPHY. 


1850-56. WALKER, Francts.—Insecta Saundersiana, Diptera, p. 211. 

1857. Lozew, H.—Neue Beitriige, part 5, p. 22. 

1857. —_————_.—_Neue Beitriige, part 8, p. 70, species 1. 

1864. ———————.—Monographs of North American Diptera, part 2, Dolichopo- 
didae, pp. 200-211. 

1877. OsTEN SACKEN, C. R.—Western Diptera: Descriptions of new genera ana 
species of Diptera from the region west of the Mississippi and espe- 
cially from California. Bulletin of the U. 8. Geological and Geographi- 
cal Survey of the Territories, vol. 3, no. 2, April, 1877, pp. 189-354. 

1878. ——————_.—Catalogue of the Described Diptera of North America (sec- 
ond edition). Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, vol. 16, pp. xliv 
and 276, Washington, D. C. 

1905. Atpricu, J. M.—Catalogue of North America Diptera, Smithsonian Mis- 
cellaneous Collections, No. 1444, part of volume 46, pp. 297-298. 

1907. ———————.—The Dipterous Genus Scellus, with one new species. Ento- 
mological News, April, 1907, pp. 133-136. 

1923. Curran, C. H.—An Apparently Undescribed Species of Scellus (Dolicho- 
podidae, Diptera). Canadian Entomologist, vol. 55, No. 3, March, 1925, 
pp. 73-74. 

EXPLANATION OF PLATES. 


All drawings made by C. T. Greene. 
PLATE 1. 


= 


ONAaAIKhRWN 


. Scellus spinimanus (Zetterstedt). Abdomen of male. 
. Scellus vigil Osten Sacken. Abdomen of male. 

. Scellus amplus Curran. Abdomen of male. 

. Scellus exustus (Walker). Abdomen of male. 

. Scellus filiferus Loew. Abdomen of male. 

. Scellus monstrosus Osten Sacken. Abdomen of male. 

. Scellus avidus Loew. Abdomen of male. 

. Scellus virago Aldrich. Abdomen of male. 


PLATE 2. 


Fig. 9. Scellus spinimanus (Zetterstedt). Front leg of male. 
10. Scellus vigil Osten Sacken. Front leg of male. 
11. Scellus amplus Curran. Front leg of male. 
12. Scellus erustus (Walker). Front leg of male. 
18. Scellus monstrosus Osten Sacken. Front leg of male. 
14. Scellus filiferus Loew. Front leg of male. 
15. Scellus virago Aldrich. Front leg of male. 
16. Scellus avidus Loew. Front leg of male. 
17. Scellus filiferus Loew. Front leg of female. 
18. Scellus exustus (Walker). Front leg of female. 
19. Scellus virago Aldrich. Front leg of female. 
20. Scellus monstrosus Osten Sacken. Front leg of female. 
21. Scellus amplus Curran. Front leg of female. 
22. Scellus avidus Loew. Front leg of female. 
23. Scellus vigil Osten Sacken. Front leg of female. 


PLATE 3. 


Fig. 24. Scellus spinimanus (Zetterstedt). Middle leg of male. 
25. Scellus evustus (Walker). Hind leg of male. 
26. Scellus monstrosus Osten Sacken. Middle leg of male. 
27. Scellus monstrosus Osten Sacken. Hind leg of male. 
28. Scellus virago Aldrich. Middle tibia of male. 
29. Scellus filiferus Loew. Middle leg of male. 
30. Scellus vigil Osten Sacken. Middle leg of male. 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 65, ART. 16 PL. Lb 





Spinimanus Zetterstedt vigil Osten Sacken amplus Curran 






exustus Walker 





avidus Loew virago Aldrich 


NORTH AMERICAN SCELLUS 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 18 


U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 65, ART. 16 PL. 2 









vigil Osten Sacken 


exustus Walker 










21 


amplus Curran 


ee 


avidus Loew Vigil Osten Sacken 


NORTH AMERICAN SCELLUS 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 18 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 65, ART. 16 PL. 3 












24 


spinimanus Zetterstedt 


Zo 


exustus Walker 





monstrosus OstenSacken 








29 


filiferus Loew 





> 30 
. vigil reece 


NORTH AMERICAN SCELLUS 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 1|8 


STUDIES ON THE MORPHOLOGY, TAXONOMY, AND 
ECOLOGY OF THE LARVAE OF HOLARCTIC TIGER- 
BEETLES (FAMILY CICINDELIDAE). 


By Crypr C. Haminton, 


Associate Entomologist, University of Maryland. 


INTRODUCTION. 


Larvae of the Cicindelidae were first noted in literature as early 
as 1798. The first work of importance is that of J. C. Schiodte: De 
Metamorphosi Eleutheratorum observationes, Carabi. in 1867. His 
observations, descriptions, and figures of Cicindela hybrida and C. 
campestris are excellent. George H. Horn, in 1878, gave a detailed 
description of a larva from each of the four genera occuring in the 
United States. His descriptions are too general to be of much 
morphological or taxonomical value. During the same year and 
several succeeding years F. G. Schaupp published a number of 
notes on tiger-beetle larvae. 

From this time until 1905 very little attention was given to the 
study of the larvae. In 1907 Dr. V. E. Shelford published in the 
Biological Bulletin an excellent account of the habits and distribu- 
tion of a number of the species occurring in the vicinity of Chicago, 
Illinois. The following year he published on the life history and 
habits of these same species and considered their relation to hiberna- 
tion, depth of burrow, moisture, temperature, etc. In later papers 
he has made detailed comparisons of the ecology of the larvae of the 
same species and of different species from widely separated regions. 

During 1907 and 1910 Norman Criddle published in the Canadian 
Entomologist excellent accounts of the habits and life histories of a 
number of the species occuring in Manitoba, Canada. Some of the 
more interesting facts he pointed out are the increased depth of the 
burrow, the smaller size of the species and the lengthening of the 
life history, due to the long severe winters and short summers. 

An interesting paper on the habits of Amblychila cylindriformis 
was published in the Entomological News for 1914 by F. X. Wil- 
liams and H. B. Hungerford. The most comprehensive work on all 
stages of the Cicindelidae, however, is that of Walter Horn, pub- 
lished in the Genera Insectorum. He discusses practically every 


No. 2530.—PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VoL. 65, ART. I7. 
45554 25 Proe.N.M.vol.65——82 1 


2 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 65. 


phase of the subject, as classification, morphology, life history, 
ecology, coloration, etc., and includes a complete bibliography under 
each species. 

The present paper is a revision and an addition to work done in 
1916 at the University of Illinois for a Masters Thesis. As pre- 
sented at that time it consisted solely of the part on the classification 
of the larvae. The work was done under the direction of Prof. 
A. D. MacGillivray who gave many helpful suggestions and criti- 
cisms. 

A study of the larvae was made possible through the opportunity 
for the purchase of a collection of determined material from Dr. 
V. E. Shelford and, unless otherwise stated, the larvae were col- 
lected and reared by him. He also permitted me to use his unpub- 
lished notes and gave numerous suggestions on the habits of the 
larvae. I am indebted to Prof. S. A. Forbes and the Graduate 
School of the University of Illinois for securing this collection. 

The scope of the paper was considerably extended through the 
opportunity to study a collection of larvae of the genus Omus, 
together with some additional larvae of the genus Cicindela, sent 
to Prof. A. D. MacGillivray by Dr. F. E. Blaisdell, sr., of the 
Leland Stanford Junior University Medical School. Larvae of 
Amblychila cylindriformis were secured through the courtesy of 
Prof. S. J. Hunter, of the Department of Entomology, University 
of Kansas. 

From 1916 until 1922 little was done on the paper except the 
occasional collection of larvae. It was then decided to include the 
morphology of the larvae and add to the classification a number 
of additional species in the collection of the United States National 
Museum. Thanks are due Dr. L. O. Howard, Honorary Curator, 
Division of Insects, for permission to study this material and to 
Dr. Adam Boving, of the Bureau of Entomology, for assistance on 
the morphology. The entire larval material in the museum has 
been studied and revised; 17 undetermined or wrongly determined 
species have been named. Three species not represented in the col- 
lection have been given to the United States National Museum by 
the author. Acknowledgments are expressed to the Agricultural Ex- 
periment Station of the University of Maryland for the time used 
in revising this paper. 

All drawings have been made by the author. Charles Leng’s 
Catalogue of the Coleoptera of America North of Mexico, 1920 
edition, has been followed in the nomenclature. 


MORPHOLOGY OF THE LARVA. 


The larvae of the Cicindelidae (figs. 1 to 4) are long, cylindrical, 
and grub-like and normally live in burrows in the soil. Some of 


ART. 17. LARVAE OF HOLARCTIC TIGER-BEETLES—HAMILTON, 3 


the tropical species are arboreal and the larvae live in burrows in 
the smaller twigs. The habits of the larvae have resulted in sev- 
eral morphological adaptations. The head and pronotum are 
strongly chitinized and highly colored on the dorsal part, the meso- 
thorax and metathorax are much less chitinized and the abdomen is 
membranous with chitinized, setaceous areas. The head and _ pro- 
thorax are bent ventrad at an angle of about 45 degrees, the fifth 
abdominal segment has a prominent projection on the dorsal aspect, 
and the segments caudad of the fifth are curved ventrad. The 
mature larvae vary from three-fourths to about two inches in length. 

In describing the morphology of the larvae one species has been 
taken as the type and only a few of the more characteristic varia- 
tions in other species and genera have been considered. Cicindela 
limbalis has been chosen for this purpose since it is one of the larger 
and more generalized species of the Cicindela and is widely dis- 
tributed. 


HEAD. 


The head will be discussed under two divisions—the fixed parts or 
the head capsule and the movable parts or the appendages. 

Head capsule——The head capsule (figs. 5, 6, and 8) is heavily 
chitinized, slightly concave on the dorsal aspect and strongly convex 
on the ventral. The dorsal surface is bronze, with a bluish-green 
luster, the ventral surface a light chestnut brown. The head capsule 
is divided into two areas—the epicranium and the fronto-clypeo- 
labral area—by the epicranial and frontal sutures. The epicranium 
is divided into two halves—dorsally by the epicranial suture, ven- 
trally by the gular suture. The epicranial suture (eps, fig. 8) 1s on 
the dorso-meson and extends cephalad a short distance from the 
occipital foramen. From this point a frontal suture (fs, fig. 8) 
(=arms of epicranial suture) extends cephalo-laterad as a sinuate 
line to each antennal fossa. The gular suture (gus, fig. 14) 1s on the 
ventro-meson and extends cephalad from the occiput to the attach- 
ment of the labium. 

The occiput (oc, figs. 5 and 8) is the narrow, slightly raised, band- 
like sclerite extending around the caudal margin of the head capsule. 
It is separated from the epicranium by the occipital suture (ocs, 
fig. 8) and is strongly infolded on the ental surface. 

The epicranium consists of the following not distinctly defined 
regions: Vertex, genae, and postgenae. The vertex (ve, figs. 5 and 
8) occupies the dorsal and lateral parts of the epicranium and ex- 
tends from the occiput to the frontal suture and the insertion of the 
mandible. It includes within its boundaries the location of the 
antennae and the ocelli. A prominent ridge extends cephalo-mesad 
from each caudal ocellus to the frontal suture. The part of the head 





4 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 65, 


caudad of this ridge, named collwm (co, fig. 8) is strongly deflexed. 
The genae (ge, figs. 5 and 14) include the greater part of the epi- 
cranium on the ventral aspect of the head. They extend from the 
occiput cephalad to the postgenae, laterad and dorsad to the vertex, 
and meet on the meson. The postgenae (pge, figs. 5 and 14). include 
the ventral and lateral part of the epicranium cephalad of the 
genae. They extend from the genae to the cephalic margin of the 
head capsule, laterad to just beyond the ventral articulation of the 
mandible, and mesad to the hypostoma and the attachment of the 
eardo. The cephalic margin is inflexed and produced as a triangular 
projection between the mandible and maxilla, where it joins with the 
ventral part of the clypeus. 

The hypostoma (h, fig. 14) is a paired structure and consists of a 
V-shaped area mesad of the postgenae on the ventral aspect of the 
head. Its caudal extent is indicated by a short, dark, transverse bar, 
which is about one-third the distance to the caudal margin of the 
head. This transverse bar is the point of attachment of the caudal 
arms of the tentorium. The maxillae and labium are attached at 
the cephalic margin of the hypostoma. 

The fronto-clypeo-labral area (fela, fig. 8) is between the frontal 
sutures and extends cephalad to the cephalic margin of the head. 
It consists of the frons, clypeus, and labrum. The sutures separat- 
ing these sclerites are obsolete. The frons (f, fig. 8) is between the 
frontal sutures and is considered as extending cephalad to the ceph- 
alic margin of the small sclerite, the “latero-clypeus,” mesad of the 
antennae. Its cephalic margin is determined by the point of attach- 
ment of the anterior arms of the tentorium. There is a U-shaped 
ridge (us, fig. 8), bearing two setae, on the caudal part of the frons. 
The clypeus (ce, fig. 8) is considered as extending cephalad from the 
frons to just cephalad of the tooth-like projection on the cephalo- 
lateral angles. Each lateral one-fourth of the clypeus, named “ an- 
gulus frontalis” by Schidédte, is raised above the mesal part (af, fig. 
8). The ventral surface of the clypeus is strongly joined to the 
postgenae ventrad of each tooth-like projection. The labrum, form- 
ing together with the cephalic part of the clypeus the “nasale” 
(Boving), is folded back on its ventral aspect to the epipharynx 
(figs. 7 and 8). The small, rectangular sclerite (/c, fig. 8) mesad of 
the antenna is considered as a lateral sclerite of the clypeus. For 
this sclerite I propose the name of “ latero-clypeus.” 

The tentorium or internal head skeleton, consisting of the anterior, 
dorsal, and ventral arms, is not strongly developed. Each anterior 
arm (aat, fig. 7) is attached along the suture separating the latero- 
clypeus from the clypeus and, at its cephalic end, is produced into a 
knob-like projection to which the dorsal acetabulum of the mandible 
articulates. Each anterior arm projects ventro-mesad until they 








ART. 17. LARVAE OF HOLARCTIC TIGER-BEETLES—HAMILTON, 5 


meet and fuse with the ventral arms of the tentorium. The dorsal 
arms (dat, fig. 7) of the tentorium are fused with the anterior arms and, 
on the inner surface of the head, are attached along the caudal part 
of the suture separating the latero-clypeus from the clypeus. From 
the middle of each fused arm a free part projects dorso-caudad. 
These, however, do not represent the dorsal arms since they do not 
connect with the head capsule. The usual place in adult insects for 
the attachment of the anterior arms of the tentorium is at the lateral 
ends of the fronto-clypeal suture; and for the dorsal arms of the 
tentorium at some point near the antennal sockets. To a large ex- 
tent this same relation holds true in immature stages. In the larve 
of the Cicindelidae the antennae are inserted so near the cephalic 
margin of the frons that it leaves only a short distance between the 
points of invagination of the anterior and the dorsal arms of the 
tentorium and, as a result, the two have fused. The ventral arms 
(wat, fig. 6) of the tentorium have also fused through the mesal fusion 
of the epicranium. The invagination for the ventral arms of the 
tentorium is on the meson at the caudal margin of the hypostoma. 
It extends entad a short distance, as a strongly chitinized structure, 
and connects with the anterior and dorsal arms. A thin plate-like 
projection (fig. 6) extends caudad along the meson from the invagi- 
nation for the ventral arms and, at the caudo-ventral part of the 
head, is produced cephalad as a broad lamella-like structure. 

The ocelli, consisting of six pair, are on the vertex on the dorsal 
and lateral aspects of the head. The diameter, distance apart and 
comparative size of the two larger ocelli furnish excellent taxo- 
nomic characters. To facilitate refering to the ocelli they have 
been numbered, starting with the largest and numbering to the 
smallest. Ocellus i (01, fig 8) is large, conical and quite prominent 
and is on the dorso-caudal part of the head. Ocellus 2, (02, fig. 8) 
is similar to ocellus 1 and is located cephalad on the dorso-lateral 
part of the head. Ocellus 3 (03, figs. 5 and 8) is cephalo-ventrad 
of ocellus 2, and ocellus 4 (04, figs. 5 and 8) is caudo-ventrad of 
ocellus 38. The remaining two ocelli are quite small and incon- 
spicuous and appear as transparent convex spots. Ocellus 5 (08, 
fig. 5) is ventrad and slightly caudad of ocellus 2. Ocellus 6 (06, 
fig. 8) is caudo-mesad of ocellus 2. 

Movable parts of the head.—The antenna is inserted on the dorsal 
aspect of the head laterad of each latero-clypeus. <A_ slender, 
vhitinized bar extends from the vertex, between the mandible and 
antenna, to the knob-like projection of the anterior arm of the 
tentorium (fig. 5). The antenna (figs. 22 and 23) is four-segmented, 
the second segment is the longest, the proximal and third segments 
are subequal and the distal segment is the shortest. The number 


6 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 65. 


of setae on each segment, beginning with the proximal one, is 
FO; aes! 

The mandible (md, fig. 8) is on the cephalo-lateral aspect of the 
head, cephalad of the antenna, and projects dorso-cephalad at an 
angle of about 45°. It is sickle-shaped (fig. 32) with a prominent, 
pointed tooth on the mesal margin about one-third the distance from 
the base. Opposite this tooth on the outer margin are four stout 
setae and at the base are several smaller ones. On its dorsal aspect 
at the base is a projection with an acetabulum which articulates 
with the knob-like projection of the anterior arm of the tentorium. 
On the ventral aspect of the mandible is a prominent condyle which 
articulates in an acetabulum on the postgenae. 

The mawilla (ma:, fig. 14) is somewhat flattened and is attached 
to the cephalic margin of the hypostoma. The cardo (ca, figs. 27 
and 28) consists of two pieces. One part is on the ventral aspect, 
is somewhat triangular in shape, and bears a prominent setae at its 
distal point. This sclerite articulates with the hypostoma laterad 
of the attachment of the labium. The other part of the cardo is on 
the mesal and dorsal] aspects of the maxilla, is strap-shaped, and 
articulates with the postgena adjacent to the point of attachment 
of the postgena with the clypeus. The stipes (sti, figs. 27 and 28) 
is the large, somewhat flattened and rectangular segment distad of 
the cardo. On its mesal margin at the base are four or five short, 
stout setae or spines. In the membrane at the distal end of the stipes 
is a small sclerite bearing three setae, possibly a rudiment of lacinia. 
The galea (ga, figs. 27 and 28) is the two segmented mesal appendage 
distad of the stipes. The proximal segment is about one-third 
longer than the distal segment. It bears three stout setae on its 
mesal margin and the distal segment bears five setae. The palpzfer 
(pf, figs. 27 and 28) is laterad of the proximal segment of the galea 
and separated from it by a suture. It is subequal in length to the 
palpus and bears one seta on the ventral aspect and six on the 
dorsal. The palpus (pa, figs. 27 and 28) is the three-segmented ap- 
pendage attached to the distal end of the palpifer. The proximal 
segment is the shortest and each succeeding segment slightly longer. 
The second segment bears two setae on the dorsal aspect and one on 
the ventral aspect. 

The labium (J, figs. 14, 17, and 21) is attached by a membranous 
area to the cephalic end of the hypostoma. This membranous area 
probably represents the mentum and submentum. Its membranous 
nature allows of considerable movement of the labium. The fused 
labio-stipites (ls, fig. 17) is the chitinized area on the ventral surface 
of the labium. This sclerite has a deep furrow along the meson and 
extends cephalad as a triangular projection between the palpigers, 
with a long, stout seta on each side of the furrow. The palpiger 





ArT.17. LARVAE OF HOLARCTIC TIGER-BEETLES—HAMILTON. % 


(pg, fig. 17) is laterad of the fused labio-stipites, is more or less 
membranous, and has two sclerites on the ventral aspect. These 
sclerites are separated by a flexible suture. The labio-palpus (Ip, 
fig. 17) is two-segmented. The proximal segment bears at its ventro- 
distal end three prominent, pointed projections with two stout setae 
on the outer and two on the inner margin. The distal segment is 
about twice as long as wide and bears a single seta on its ventral 
aspect. The ligula (12, fig. 17) is the membranous area distad of the 
fused labio-stipites. Its ventral surface is anteriorly trilobed and 
crossed by a transverse row of four setae about one-half way be- 
tween the point of attachment of the palpigers and the distal end. 
The entire dorsal or buccal surface of the labium (fig. 21) is mem- 
branous and is covered with numerous fine setae with a fringe of 
long setae on the dorso-lateral margins. Mawillulae or paragnathae 
(=—paraglossae) are not present. 


THORAX, 


The thorax will be discussed under the divisions: The cervical 
region, the prothorax, the meso- and metathorax, and the legs. 

Cervical region—The cervical region consists mostly of mem- 
brane. Dorsally a triangular, chitinized area, the “ intertergite” 
of Crampton, fits into the caudal, V-shaped margin of the head. 
There are two narrow, dark colored, longitudinal areas near the 
middle of this sclerite which extend entad at their caudal margin 
as narrow, straplike projections. Laterally and ventrally an irreg- 
ular, indistinct, chitinized area, the “¢énterpleurite” of Crampton, 
occurs on each aspect of the cervical region (zp, fig. 38). Each 
sclerite is transversed longitudinally by a row of minute setae and 
at the caudal margin is a small pit which is an invagination for the 
attachment of muscles. Ventrally the cervical region is entirely 
membranous and permits of considerable dorsal movement of the 
head. Its caudal extent is indicated by a shallow convex furrow. 

Prothorax.—The prothorax is considerably specialized and, to- 
gether with the head, is adapted to the larva’s mode of living. The 
pronotum (pn, fig. 37) is large, heavily chitinized, highly colored, 
and shield shaped. The lateral parts of its cephalic margin are 
emarginate and permit a close contact with the caudal part of the 
head. The lateral angles extend cephalad as far as the meson; the 
caudo-lateral angles are broadly rounded, and the lateral margins 
extend upon the ventral aspect. There is a furrow along the meson 
and a short crescent-shaped furrow on each lateral half of the 
pronotum. The setae are short, white, slightly flattened, and ar- 
ranged as shown in figures 37 and 54. A row or fringe of setae ex- 
tends around the entire margin of the pronotum, becoming more 
numerous on the caudal part. The color of the pronotum varies 


8 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 65. 


with the angle from which it is observed. Perpendicular to the 
horizontal plane it is purplish-bronze with a green reflection, while 
from an acute angle more green color is apparent. 

The plewrwm (pl, fig. 388) of the prothorax consists mainly of 
hypopleurum with its two irregular, chitinized areas, the pre- and 
post-hypopleurites, and epipleurum, which is greatly reduced and 
entirely membranous. The coxal process of the hypopleurum (cap, 
fig. 38) is the dark, chitinized projection to which the coxa articu- 
lates. The pleural suture (pls, fig. 38) extends dorso-cephalad from 
this process as a dark, curved line. The pre-hypopleurite (prh, fig. 
38) is the dark, irregular, chitinized area cephalad of this suture. 
Its cephalic part is inflexed dorso-cephalad. The post-hypopleurite 
(poh, fig. 38) consists of the irregular, chitinized sclerite extending 
laterad and caudad of the pleural suture. The caudal part of the 
post-hypopleurite bears five or six minute sete. The entopleurum 
(enp, fig. 388) extends from the end of the pleural suture meso- 
caudad as a platelike projection and becomes broader at its distal 
end. The epipleurum is the membranous region caudad and slightly 
dorsad of the post-hypopleurite. 

The sternum of the prothorax is the area on the ventral aspect 
caudad of the cervical region, mesad of the legs, and extending 
caudad to the invagination for the spina. The presternum (fig. 38) 
is either absent or included in the folded membrane of the cervical 
region. The eusternum (eust, fig. 38) is the area between the inser- 
tion of the coxae and extending caudad to the furcal pits. It is 
entirely membranous except for a slightly chitinized region between 
the insertion of the legs, which bears four distinct setae and a number 
of smaller ones. Caudo-mesad of the legs are small pits which mark 
the invagination for the furce (fu, fig. 88). Between and behind 
these is sternellum (—furca-sternum Crampton). The post-sternel- 
lum (postl, fig. 38) (=spina-sternum Crampton) is the transverse 
region caudad of the sternellum. It is entirely membranous. Lat- 
erally are the small, shghtly chitinized invaginations of the fur- 
celle (fuca, fig. 38) and on the median part is the more prominent, 
chitinized spina (Crampton) (s, fig. 38). 

Meso- and Meta-thorax.—The mesothorax and metathorax are simi- 
lar enough to be described together. They are narrower than the 
prothorax and are constricted at their cephalic end. The terga (te, 
fig. 87) are the somewhat cordiform, slightly convex, chitinized 
sclerites. The cephalic part of each sclerite is narrower and is 
produced into three or four pointed projections, which articulate 
with the sclerite in front of it. A suture extends along the meson 
dividing the terga into equal parts. The setae are brown, are more 
numerous on the lateral.and caudal margins, and vary in size from 


art.17. LARVAE OF HOLARCTIC TIGER-BEETLES—-HAMILTON,. 9 


long and prominent to short and inconspicuous. They are arranged 
as shown in figure 37. 

The meso- and meta-thoracic pleura (figs. 1 and 387), except for 
size, are similar in form and development. The cowal process (cup, 
fig. 37) is black and heavily chitinized. The pleural suture (pls, 
fig. 87) extends dorso-cephalad from each coxal process and sepa- 
rates the pre-hypopleurite from the post-hypopleurite. Each post- 
hypopleurite bears five or six setae on its caudal part. The ento- 
pleurum is invaginated along the pleural suture. The epipleurwm 
(epl, fig. 37) has a small, chitinized spot, bearing one to a few setae, 
caudad of the post-hypopleurite. 

The spiracle (fig. 1) of the mesothorax is annular, large, brown, 
elliptical, and is on the lateral aspect in the intersegmental membrane 
between the mesothorax and prothorax. This spiracle is about twice 
the size of the spiracle on the first abdominal segment and three 
times the size of the remaining abdominal spiracles. There is no 
spiracle on the prothorax and only a rudimentary one on the meta- 
thorax. 

Between the prothorax and mesothorax and the mesothorax and 
metathorax are the intersegmental folds (if, fig. 38). These folds 
are entirely membranous. 

The sterna of the mesothorax and the metathorax are largely 
membranous. The mesosternum consists of presternum, eusternum, 
sternellum, and poststernellum, while in the metasternwim the pos- 
ternellum is absent. Each presternum (pst, fig. 38) has on its 
lateral side a small, chitinized spot bearing a single seta, and each 
eusternum (eust, fig. 38) has a larger, median, chitinized spot bear- 
ing four setae. Catdo-mesad of each leg are the small pits which 
mark the invagination for the furcae (fu, fig. 38), and behind these 
we have sternellum posteriorly reaching to the invaginations for 
furcellae. The poststernellum with spina is only present on the 
mesothorax and is entirely membranous. An eversible structure 
(fig. 38), probably a gland, is located on the meson of the presternum 
of the metathorax. 

Legs.—The legs of the prothorax, mesothorax, and metathorax are 
very similar and can conveniently be described together. The length 
of the legs increases gradually, but slightly posteriorly. The cowa 
(cx, fig. 83) is almost as long as the remaining segments of the leg, 
subeylindrical, and articulates at its proximal end by a dark and 
heavily chitinized acetabulum to the coxal process of the hypo- 
pleurum. The trochantin (trn, fig. 33) is separated from the proxi- 
mal end of the coxa by a shallow furrow. The trochantin and 
the furrow which separates it from the coxa are more pronounced 
and larger in each of the following pairs of legs. The trochanter 


10 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 65. 


(tro, fig. 33) is approximately one-third the length of the coxa and 
articulates to the coxa at its proximal end by a pair of condyles. 
The ventral surface of the trochanter is much longer than its dorsal 
surface. The femur (fe, fig. 33) is attached to the dorsal surface 
at the distal end of the trochanter. It is about twice as long as 
the trochanter and is slightly larger at its distal end. The tibia 
(tz, fig. 88) is short, cylindrical, and attached obliquely to the distal 
end of the femur. The tarsus (ta, fig. 33) is still shorter and bears 
at its distal end two curved claws. Both claws are movable by 
muscles. The cephalic claw is about one-half longer than the caudal 
one. The setae on the segments of the legs are arranged as shown 
in figure 33. 


ABDOMEN. 


The abdomen (fig. 1) is ten-segmented, subcylindrical, and grad- 
ually increases in size to the fifth segment, from which one it grad- 
ually decreases to the caudal segment. All of the segments are quite 
similar except the fifth and the last three. The tergum, pleurum. 
and sternum are easily distinguished, and a description of one seg- 
ment will suffice for all except the fifth and the last three. The 
third abdominal segment is the one chosen for this description. The 
segment consists principally of membrane, but has a number of dis- 
tinct chitinized areas. 

The tergum (te, fig. 96) has a pair of suboval sclerites, one on each 
side of the meson. These sclerites bear four or five long, prominent 
setae and several smaller ones. 

The pleurum consists of two distinct regions, the epipleurum and 
hypopleurum, separated from each other by the indistinct ventro- 
lateral suture. The epipleurum (epl, fig. 96) has a single large. 
chitinized sclerite with several setae, and usually three small, chi- 
tinized spots carrying a single seta. The hypopleurum (hy, fig. 96) 
also contains a single large, oval sclerite with a number of setae, and 
three small chitinized spots bearing a single seta. 

The sternum consists of several chitinized areas, namely, the 
eusternum, sternellum (=intersternellum, Lengerken), and coxal 
lobes (—extrasternellum, Lengerken). The eusternwm (eust, fig. 96) 
is the single large sclerite on the cephalo-mesal part. It bears four 
pair of setae. There are three small chitinized spots, bearing a 
single seta, cephalo-laterad of the eusternum. The sternellum 
(stl, fig. 96) consists of a pair of oval sclerites, one on each 
side of the meson, caudad of the eusternum. ‘These sclerites bear 
four or five setae. The large, suboval sclerites laterad of the ster- 
nellum are the coxal lobes (cal, fig. 96). They bear four or five 
prominent setae and several smaller ones. The number and arrange- 
ment of the setae on the segment are shown in figure 96. 


art.17. LARVAE OF HOLARCTIC TIGER-BEETLES—HAMILTON. 11 


In the eighth segment (figs. 1 and 42) the eusternum, sternellum, 
and coxal lobes are fused to form a single sclerite. On the ninth 
segment (fig. 42) this chitinized area includes the sclerite of the 
hypopleurum. The caudal margin of this fused sclerite bears four 
setae in a transverse row on each side of the meson. The tenth seg- 
ment (figs. 1 and 42) is greatly reduced in size, the sclerites of the 
tergum, pleurum, and sternum are fused to form a ring, and the 
whole structure has the character of what Kemner calls a pygopod. 

The tergum of the fifth abdominal segment (fig. 40) is produced 
into a prominent hump bearing two distinct chitinized areas on each 
side of the meson with two hooks between each of these sclerites. The 
caudal sclerites are somewhat crescent-shaped, and their cephalic 
margin is thickly studded with short, stout setae. The cephalic 
sclerites are somewhat triangular with the base toward the meson. 
They are not as heavily chitinized as the caudal sclerites and have 
only about half as many setae, which are longer but not so stout. 
3etween these sclerites on each side of the meson are two hooks. 
One of these hooks is long, sickle-shaped, extends cephalad with the 
point outward, and usually bears two distinct setae at about the 
middle. These hooks are named the “ median hooks” (mh, fig. 40), 
since in some of the other genera there is a third pair of hooks lat- 
erad of these median hooks which have been named the “ lateral 
hooks.” Mesad of each median hook is a shorter pointed hook. 
These hooks are not curved and project dorso-cephalad. The distal 
part is pointed and has a distinct shoulder which bears two promi- 
nent setae. These hooks have been named “inner hooks” (th, fig. 
40). 

Spiracles are found on the first eight abdominal segments. They 
are small, annular, and appear as brown spots on the lateral part 
of the tergum about one-third the distance from the cephalic margin 
(fig. 1). The first abdominal pair are slightly larger than the 
following pairs. 


SETAB. 


Larvae of the different instars were available for study in several 
species of the genus Cicindela. This material was studied to de- 
termine whether any relation existed between the number and 
arrangement of the setae in the different instars of the same species 
and the corresponding instars of different species. In the first larval 
instar of the species studied it was found that a striking similarity 
existed in the number and arrangement of the setae on the pronotum 
and abdomen. These same setae were usually easily distinguished in 
the second and third instars even though in some cases there was 
a considerable number of setae added. For this reason the setae 
present in the first larval instar have been designated as “ pramary 


12 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 65. 


setae” and those added in the second and third instars as “ secondary 
setae.” 'To facilitate referring to them the primary setae on the pro- 
notum have been numbered. Their position and nomenclature is 
shown in figures 49 to 57. On the abdomen primary and secondary 
setae appear to be present, but their homology was not determined 
sufficiently to give them numbers. Their number and position is 
indicated in figures 88 to 93. 

In the genera 7Z'etracha and Omus limited studies indicate the 
presence of primary and secondary setae. There was not a sufficient 
amount of material available, however, to make it possible to indi- 
cate these by numbers. The setae on the pronotum of the first, second, 
and third instars and on the third abdominal segment of the first 
and third instars of Omus californicus are shown in figures 82 to 
84 and 118 and 119. 

No immature larvae of the genus Amblychila were available for 
study. 


DISCUSSION OF THE CHARACTERS USED IN CLASSIFICATION. 


All measurements have been made with a binocular microscope 
and an eye-piece micrometer. One of the best uses which can be 
made of measurements, as has been determined by a number of work- 
ers on various species of insects, is the proportional length of one 
structure to another. This proportion is constant for individuals of 
different sizes of the same species, and often for the different instars. 
The proportional length to the width of the frons, the proportional 
diameter of ocellus 2 to the distance between ocelli 1 and 2, the pro- 
portional length of the segments of the antennae, and the length 
and width of the pronotum are good characters. In general, 
ocelli 1 and 2, the homology of which is indicated in figures 5 and 8, 
are very much the same size in the large and small species of the 
genus Cincindela, but they appear to be larger in the smaller species 
due to the smaller size of the head. As a result, in the smaller 
species, the distance between ocelli 1 and 2 is generally less than the 
diameter of ocellus 2. 

The proportional length of the segments of the maxillary palpus 
furnish excellent generic characters but do not vary enough within 
the genera to be of specific value. The position of the cephalo-lateral 
angles of the pronotum with respect to the cephalo-mesal part and 
the general shape of the pronotum varies considerably in the species 
of the genus Cicindela. 

The setae on the dorsal aspect of the head and pronotum, and on 
the abdomen provide further characters for separating the species. 
In the genus Cicindela the setae on the U-shaped ridge on the caudal 
part of the frons are very constant in number for those species which 
have only two. These are usually large and easily distinguished. In 





art.17. LARVAE OF HOLARCTIC TIGER-BEETLES—-HAMILTON. 13 


the species which have three setae on this U-shape ridge there may 
occasionally be one or two extra setae present. These are usually 
small and in a few cases the third seta is not prominent. In the 
genus 7'etracha there are three prominent setae on the transverse 
ridge at the caudal part of the frons while in the genus Omus there is 
a single large, median seta with one or two smaller setae on each side. 
The setae on the proximal and second segments of the antennae vary 
within the limits given in the descriptions but usually not more than 
one on either side of the average. Setae on the hooks of the fifth 
abdominal segment are constant in number for those species which 
have two, but vary in those species which have three or more. On 
each side of the meson at the caudal margin of the ninth abdominal 
sternum is a transverse row of three, four, or five setae. These 
setae are constant and furnish good taxonomic characters. 

The dorsal aspect of the head and pronotum is very highly colored 
in many of the species and, within certain limits, furnishes excellent 
means for separating them. The color is of two kinds, pigmental 
and physical. The pigmental colors are dull, usually some shade 
of brown, and appear the same when examined from any angle. 
The physical colors are much brighter and are produced by small 
pit-like depressions. These colors vary with the angle from which 
the specimen is examined. The surface, when examined with a strong 
light, may show any of the following colors: Purple, purplish- 
bronze, coppery, coppery-bronze, bronze, blue, and green. When 
viewed from an obtuse or acute angle the blue or green color 1s 
usually more pronounced and this is spoken of as the color which is 
reflected. 


GENERAL DISCUSSION OF LIFE HISTORY AND HABITS OF LARVAE 


The larvae of this family differ from the larvae of most other 
predaceous insects in that they live in a definite fixed burrow and 
lie in wait for their prey. This habit has made them dependent upon 
chance for their food supply and undoubtedly it is very irregular 
and at times not plentiful. Asa result the length of the larval instars 
may vary considerably, depending upon the food supply, tempera- 
ture, and the length of the growing or feeding season. 

The life history of different species of Cicindela as given by Shel- 
ford (1908) for northern Ilinois 1s of three types and is as follows: 

(a) Eggs laid in late spring or early summer, larvae hibernate usually in 
the third stage, pupate in the second summer ; imagoes emerge about a month 
after pupation, hibernate, and become sexually mature late in the third 
spring—larval life lasts 12 to 18 months, adult life 10 months—two years be- 
tween generations. 


(b) Eggs laid in mid summer, larvae hibernate usually in the third stage, 
pupate in the following June; imagoes emerge in early July and become sexu- 


14 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 65. 


ally mature very soon—larval life 10 months, adult life two months—one year 


between generations. 

(c) Eggs laid in mid summer; larve hibernate in the second stage, reach 
the third stage early in the second summer, hibernate again, and pupate in the 
following May; imagoes emerge in the early part of the third summer and be- 
come sexually mature soon—larval life 21 months, adult life 2 months—two 


years between generations. 

That the time spent in the larval stage is influenced by tempera- 
ture, length of the summer or growing season, and possibly other 
factors is shown by Criddle (1910) : 

It will be noticed, however, that there is a striking difference in the life 
cycle of some of the species, observed by Professor Shelford at Chicago and 
those noted by me at Aweme, even when the same, or a closely related form, is 
involved, the difference being the prolongation of the larval life over a second 
winter in Manitoba. This seemed to be such a remarkable fact, considering that 
there are less than 600 miles of latitude between the two places, that I felt 
almost persuaded that some mistake had been made on my part, and conse- 
quently decided to make further investigations before publishing these notes. 
The results have been to leave no doubt that the life cycle of species carefully 
observed—C. manitoba, venusta, limbata, limbalis, and probably others—lasts 
for approximately three years; duration of larval stage 24 to 26 months, pupal 
2 to 4 weeks, adult 10 to 12 months. 

Many of the larve are very restricted in their habitat, occurring 
only in particular kinds of soil and requiring a certain amount of 
moisture. Cicindela 12-guttata, repanda, and hirticollis leave their 
burrows if the soil becomes too dry and seek new places which are 
sufficiently moist. The female oviposits in small holes about 1 
centimeter deep in soil which is suitable for the development of the 
larve. The larva, upon hatching, deepens and widens this burrow 
and lives in it unless conditions become unfavorable for its develop- 
ment. Before each molt the larva closes the burrow, goes to the 
bottom, molts, and reappears again in about one week. There are 
only three larval instars in the life cycle. When the larva is ready 
to pupate it makes a pupal chamber or burrow, generally at one side 
of the main burrow, in which it pupates. The depth of the larval 
burrow, whether it is perpendicular to the surface, spiral, or slant- 
ing, and the character of the pupal chamber, is characteristic for each 
species. These larval habitats aid in separating many of the species. 


CLASSIFICATION 


The characters used in the classification and the descriptions of 
the larve were not taken from a single type specimen but are an 
average of the number of specimens in the collection. In some cases 
only a single larva was available; in other species there was an 
abundance of larval material. 





ART. 17. LARVAE OF HOLARCTIC TIGER-BEETLES—-HAMILTON. 15 


For each species there has been given the name of the collector, a 
statement as to whether the larvae were reared or not reared, and the 
place where the larvae are deposited. Species marked “reared ” 
have had the larvae reared for determination, but the cast skins were 
not saved and comparisons were not made with the larvae used in 
the descriptions. Species marked “not reared” have not had the 
larvae reared for determination, but in most instances all the other 
species of the community were reared or their habits were so re- 
stricted and characteristic that there was but little doubt they were 
larvae of adults caught in the habitat. Several unknown larvae with 
suggested determinations have been included. Their names have 
been derived through a study of the distribution of the adults and a 
comparison of the larval structures and habitats with known 
material. 


Family CICINDELIDAE. 


Larvae of medium length, cylindrical; head and pronotum strong- 
ly chitinized, wider than the remainder of the body and inclined 
ventro-cephalad; head concave on the dorsal aspect, strongly convex 
on the ventral; clypeus and labrum fused with the frons; ocelli, four 
or six on each side of the head, ocelli 1 and 2 larger than the others, 
ocelli 5 and 6 sometimes absent; antenna four-segmented ; mandible 
sickle-shaped with a prominent tooth on the middle of the mesal 
margin, inclined dorso-cephaled at an angle of about 45 degrees; 
maxilla with the ventral sclerite of the cardo more or less tri- 
angular, stipes considerably longer than wide, galea two-segmented, 
proximal segment of the galea and the palpifer fused; maxillary 
palpus two or three segmented; labial palpus two-segmented; pro- 
notum large, shield shaped, heavily chitinized, and fitting close 
against the caudal margin of the head; legs, long, tarsus usually 
with two movable claws, the cephalic claw longer than the caudal; 
abdomen with ten distinct segments, fifth segment with a dorsal 
protuberance bearing two or three pairs of hooks; cerci wanting; 
spiracles lateral, annular and present on the mesothorax and first 
eight abdominal segments. 

The family characters of the larvae have been determined from 
examination of specimens representing the four genera occurring in 
the United States, two European genera, and several tropical genera 
which have not been definitely determined, the larvae of which live 
in burrows in twigs. It is in those larvae living in burrows in twigs 
that the tarsal claws are wanting as distinctly movable claws. In the 
wood burrowing larvae the tarsus is produced into two blunt pro- 
jections serving as claws. I have not examined enough species to 
definitely state whether this is a generic or specific character. 


16 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 65. 


TABLE TO THHY GENERA OF CICINDELIDAE. 


Ocelli i ‘and’ 2*subequal’ in“ size: 2S 2 22> Sis tsb ts Sees 1 
Ocellus 2 distinctly smaller than ocellus 1_____~~_~___-~___=_=__=_-_ 4 
1. Lateral hooks not present; legs with distinct, movable tarsal claws____ 2 


Lateral hooks present and produced at the anterior end of a chitinized 
area, laterad of the median hooks; legs without distinct tarsal claws, 
tarsus/and claw combined] — = = 2. ==) ee 2S 

2. Median hooks long, curved and sickle-shaped, pointing outward; inner hooks 
short, eylindrical and usually with the distal end suddenly constricted into 
a spine-like projection; ridge on the caudal part of frons U-shaped and not 
joining the ridge on the caudal part of the vertex; palpiger with a distinct 
chitinized sclerite, proximal segment of labial palpus with two or three 
spine-like projections on its ventro-distal margin__Genus 1. Cicindela, p. 16. 

Median hooks thorn-like, straight or very slightly curved inward; inner 
hooks similar in shape to the median hooks and about one-half as long; 
ridge on the caudal part of frons transverse and joining the ridge on the 
caudal part of the vertex; palpiger membranous, proximal segment of 
labial palpus without spine-like projections on its ventro-distal margin. 

renus 2. Tetracha, p. 57. 

3. Head with the ridge on the caudal part of frons U-shaped and not continu- 

ous with the ridge on the caudal part of the vertex; arms of the epicranial 
suture uniting and frons not extending to the occiput. 

Genus 3. Collyris, p. 61. 

Head with the ridge on the caudal part of the frons slightly sinuate and 
continuous with the ridge on the caudal part of the vertex; arms of the 
epicranial suture not uniting and frons extending to the occiput. 

Genus 4. Probably Ctenostoma, p. 63. 

4. Antenna not separated from the mandible by a transverse chitinized bar, sec- 
ond segment not twice as long as the proximal segment; palpiger with a 
distinct chitinized sclerite, proximal segment of labial palpus with a 
single spine-like projection on its ventro-distal margin, proximal segment 
longer than the distal segment; lateral hooks present__Genus 5. Omus, p. 65. 

Antenna separated from the mandible by a transverse, chitinized bar, second 
segment twice as long as the proximal segment; palpiger without a chitin- 
ized sclerite, proximal segment of labial palpus without spine-like projec- 
tions on its ventro-distal margin, proximal segment shorter than the distal 
Sesinent lateral hooksabsent==2 === sss Genus 6. Amblychila, p. 69. 


1. Genus CICINDELA Linnaeus. 


Head with the ridge on the caudal part of frons U-shaped and not 
continuous with the ridge on the caudal part of the vertex; latero- 
clypeus distinct, rectangular; anterior margin of the labrum smooth; 
ocelli 1 and 2 subequal in size, ocellus 3 larger than ocellus 4, and 
not adjacent, ocelli 5 and 6 small and inconspicuous; antenna sepa- 
rated from the mandible by a narrow, transverse, chitinized bar, 
the second segment not longer than the other segments combined; 
maxilla with the ventral sclerite of the cardo triangular and bear- 
ing a single seta, lacinia apparently absent, maxillary palpus with 
three, but occasionally two segments, increasing slightly in length 
from the proximal to the distal segment, the proximal segment with- 


ART. 17. LARVAE OF HOLARCTIC: TIGER-BEETLES—HAMILTON, 17 


out a spine on the latero-distal margin; labio-stipites with a furrow 
along the meson and without a carina on the lateral and caudal 
margins; ligula not chitinized on the ventral aspect, palpiger area 
with two chitinized sclerites separated by a flexible suture; labial 
palpus with the proximal segment longer than the distal segment 
and with two or three spine-like projections on its ventro-distal 
margin, the proximal segment with four or five setae and the distal 
segment with one; fifth abdominal segment with the inner and 
median hooks present, the lateral hooks wanting, the median hooks 
long, slender, sickle shaped, pointing outward and usually with one 
to four setae, inner hooks short, cylindrical and constricted at the 
distal end into a sharp spine and with two to a number of setae; 
legs with distinct, movable tarsal claws. 

The larvae described in this genus contain a number of species 
and subspecies from the United States and several from Europe. 
Among those described from the United States there are several 
which have not been positively identified and a few which are un- 
known. These are included with the expectation that the larvae 
may later be reared and their identity established. 


TABLE TO THD SPECIES OF THE GENUS CICINDELA. 


ii Maxillary= palpus cwithithréessezmentse a] esi see seis ae eee = 3 
Maxillary. palpus«withetwousesments22==— 52) 2ssitepe es ee 2 
2. U-shaped ridge on caudal part of frons bearing four or six setae; pronotum 
with the secondary setae numerous, more than 150 in number; ninth ab- 
dominal sternum with the caudal margin bearing two groups of three 

SO tC ROTC Th oeee ere ns a es Ae ee dorsalis saulcyi, p. 20. 
U-shaped ridge on caudal part of frons bearing two setae; pronotum with the 
secondary setae not numerous, less than 50 in number; ninth abdominal 
sternum with the caudal margin bearing two groups of four setae each. 
biramosa, p. 21. 


8. U-shaped ridge on caudal part of frons bearing two distinct setae______ 4 
U-shaped ridge on caudal part of frons bearing three or four distinct 
SOtA eC raeed AaIRe eather ee alee eis pie piece tele te d ase hepa fel e335 ot 25 

4. Inner hook never with more than two setae on the shoulder; setae on head 
and pronotum usually white, rarely transparent or brown___-----~~ 5 
Inner hook with more than two setae on the shoulder; setae on head and 
pronotum=? transparentiior iglassy 482 its ts sere ees See ae Se ee 23 

Fy TONO tune C HOSE Ut ai O We a a IE eg ee gen eee 6 
Pronotumil snot! CHEStMUE yO wires eee ees a ss eee eee Bae, ee ee 8 
6. Head chestnut brown; pronotum without a color pattern_____________--- a 


Head bronze; pronotum with a color pattern of lighter areas. 
species A, p. 22. 


% Setae on head and pronotum) brown 2)22h sense See tte sexguttata, p. 23. 
Setae on head and pronotum white or transparent —__-__-_~ campestris, p. 24. 

8. Median hooks with one or two setae; if with three, one seta much smaller 
EH ATI EH COUTTS ee Ee eee rein es Ba eee RRL Rees dale eet Po Ppl eh oe ey 8 Be 9 


Median® hooks with three ‘distinct. setd#es 2225 sees Sit ite ee eet 15 


18 


10. 


athe 


13. 


14. 


15. 


16. 


17. 


18. 


19. 


20. 


PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 65. 


. Inner hooks with the spinelike projection one-third or more the entire 


length) of the hoo ke: les ee os he ee ene 10 
Inner hooks with the spinelike projection never more than one-sixth the 
entire: length: ‘of-thechooks 22. es i ees Dea eee ee 14 
Inner hooks with the spinelike projection more than one-half the entire 
length ofitheihooke = sera Mest ty pees eg Peete it limbalis, p. 25. 
Inner hooks with the spinelike projection one-half or less than the entire 
length: tof the shooliat 2 os elt Lil es i ie eer ee ee at 
Pronotum with the secondary setae wanting except a Single large one cep- 
nalo-lateral of setal4 == ee ee ee purpurea graminea, p. 27. 
Pronotum with the secondary setae small, 10 or more in number_______ 12 
. Ninth abdominal sternum with the caudal margin bearing two groups of 
three, Setaeyeachs. a2 3 tats Soy s hee ee ee ee 13 
Ninth abdominal sternum with the caudal margin bearing two groups of 
four SetaAerea Chie wh: A ee as AE a eben dees eae species B, p. 28. 


Antenna with the proximal segment bearing five to seven setae, the second 
segment with ten to twelve; median hooks with three setae. 
latesignata, p. 29. 
Antenna with the proximal segment bearing ten to twelve Setae, the second 
segment with six to eight; median hooks with one seta___species C, p. 30. 
Pronotum with the secondary setae few, not more than ten in number; an- 
tenna with the proximal segment bearing ten to eleven setae; median 
hooks normally with a single large seta, if two are present one much 
smallerithansthe other: -=:4¢* 2 ee eee eee repanda, p. 31. 
Pronotum with the secondary setae numerous, 50 or more in number; an- 
tenna with the proximal segment bearing six or seven setae; median 
hooks: with twosetae.— = — = ==. — svt 9 eet es ee, ee ae lepida, p. 32. 
Inner hooks with the spinelike projection about one-sixth the entire length 
of the hook, the setae inserted on a broad shoulder; pronotum with the 
cephalo-lateral angles distinctly caudad of the cephalo-mesal portion. 
gratiosa, p. 34. 
Inner hooks with the spinelike projection about one-third or more the 
entire length of. the hook, the setae inserted on a sloping shoulder; 
pronotum with the cephalo-lateral angles not distinctly caudad of the 


cephalo:mesall portioniss=<24- 48) a ee ee ee ee ee eee 16 
Ninth abdominal sternum with the caudal margin bearing two groups of 
moresthan three! setaeveach= > 3 oe fee ee ee eee eT) 
Ninth abdominal sternum with the caudal margin bearing two groups of 
three ssetae ea Che it 228s a ih ea tS A ee ere BR are 19 
Ninth abdominal sternum with the caudal margin bearing two groups of 
fOULrNSetae teaches utsss ell Lytes eWeek ew 2 ee bs pes veg SER: Rin EE towers Ee 18 
Ninth abdominal sternum with the caudal margin bearing two groups of 
fiveysetaeiea Che: = aqme t 2 eet le hn os ae prngl Shyer, species D, p. 34. 


Head and pronotum bright coppery bronze with a strong bluish-green reflec- 

tion; distance between ocelli 1 and 2 less than the diameter of ocellus 2. 

tranquebarica, p. 36. 

Head and pronotum purplish bronze with a purple reflection; distance be- 
tween ocelli 1 and 2 greater than the diameter of ocellus 2. 

. silvicola, p. 37. 

Antenna with the proximal segment bearing 8 to 11 setae_____________ 20 


Antenna with the proximal segment bearing five or six setae___________ 22 
Pronotum with the secondary setae 25 to 30 in number and with a row 


on each side of the meson, the blue reflection very strong. 
oregona, p. 38. 





arT.17. LARVAE OF HOLARCTIC TIGER-BEETLES—HAMILTON. 19 


21. 


23. 


24. 


26. 


ZU 


28. 


29. 


30. 


31. 


Pronotum with the secondary setae not more than 10 in number and with- 
out a row on each side of the meson, the blue reflection not strong. 
duodecimguttata, p. 39. 
Inner hook with the two setae located equidistant from the tip; mesal 
hook with the three setae located in a row_____________________-__ 22 
Inner hook with the outer setae located nearer the tip; median hook with the 
three setae not in a row, the distal one placed nearer the mesal side of 
PHENO O WAS Bases rele ery, Sieh Ci sie beets eat WES eal 8 germanica, p. 40. 


. Head and pronotum bronze with a slight blue reflection; diameter of ocel- 


lus 2 less than the distance between ocelli 1 and 2______ punctulata, p. 41. 
Head and pronotum dark purple with a green or blue reflection; diameter 
of ocellus 2 subequal to or greater than the distance between ocelli 1 and 


RATE WepaRE OE. SUED ERE ASAE ts retest s Srey Seth peal eg flavopunctata rectilatera, p. 42. 
Pronotum with the cephalo-lateral angles extending distinctly cephalad of 
Ghetmesal portionmeies # sities set atelier unipunctata, p. 43. 
Pronotum with the cephalo-lateral angles not extending distinctly cephalad 
OfabHeemESall yp O MUO Wa aa ee ee 24 
Inner hooks bearing three prominent setae, the spinelike projection almost 
ODSOlC GG 2s PANS BE Ted PATS Sees AMIE abdominalis, p. 44. 
Inner hooks bearing 10 or 11 prominent setae, the spinelike projection 
CTS Gein ea ae es SE ea EE pia ee Rl ee marginata, p. 45. 


. Proximal segment of the galea with four stout setae on the mesal margin; 


head and pronotum light brown; diameter of ocellus 2 distinctly less 
thantthe distance between ocellial and’ 2222 = 2 ee eee eee 26 
Proximal segment of the galea with three stout setae on the mesal margin; 
head and pronotum not brown, metalic colored; diameter of ocellus 2 


subequal to or greater than the distance between ocelli 1 and 2______ 26 
Median hook bearing two distinct setae; average width of head and pro- 
OUCH ELD O OY, TY 5 wah ce ol SA a Se TS formosa, p. 46. 
Median hooks bearing three distinct setae; average width of head and pro- 
MO GUM LTT ee: EEN REET aS ee ee ee formosa generosa, p. 47. 
Inner hooks bearing more than two setae_________ scutellaris lecontei, p. 48. 
Innerghookssbearing two setae@= a se Se ee 28 
Pronotum with the secondary setae few, not over 15 to 20, fine and incon- 
SDICUOQUS 7tess eae eee SI ee ee ee eee eS 29 
Pronotum with the secondary setae numerous, 50 or more, short, flat, and 
prominent 42Bss Bi ey PLT) Een See ee ee oe 31 
Pronotum dark purple with a green or blue reflection, lateral mar- 
gins not lighter; median hooks with two setae_____---_______-______ 30 


Pronotum bright bronze with a faint green or purple reflection, lateral mar- 
gins light yellow; median hooks with three or four setae. 
cuprascens macra, p. 49. 
Pronotum with the cephalo-lateral angles extending as far cephalad as the 
mesal part; setae on the third abdominal segment as in figure 1138. 
pulchra, p. 51. 
Pronotum with the cephalo-lateral angles not extending as far cephalad as 
the mesal part; setae on third abdominal segment as in figure 169. 
obsoleta, p. 51. 
Ninth abdominal sternum with the caudal margin bearing two groups of 
three setae each; pronotum with the secondary setae numerous, dis- 
tinctly more than 100 in number; median hooks with-less than four 
OU Cte oes Mais eee ei bn ete ee SU ee Es 32 


20 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 65. 


Ninth abdominal sternum with the caudal margin bearing two groups of 
four setae each; pronotum with the secondary setae not numerous, about 

50 in number; median hooks with four setae_____-________~_ hybrida, p. 53. 

32. Pronotum with the cephalo-lateral angles not extending as far cephalad as 
the mesal part; either the proximal or second segment of the antenna 


with“lessithant 12‘ setaesoeee4 belies. optee ay sets ple ee eee 33 
Pronotum with the cephalo-lateral angles extending as far cephalad as the 
mesal part; both the proximal and second segments of the antenna with 
I2coMP more: Seta satis ewes et Sees we oe are ereeal hybrida maritima, p. 54. 


83. Pronotum with the secondary setae distinctly flattened and quite numerous ; 
antenna with the proximal segment bearing seven to nine setae; median 


hooks ‘withitwosetaele se) Sak sea Se eee hirticollis, p. 55. 
Pronotum with the secondary setae not distinctly flattened and only about 
one-half as numerous as the above; antenna with the proximal segment 
bearing 12 to 13 setae; median hooks with 3 setae_________ limbata, p. 56. 


DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES. 
CICINDELA DORSALIS SAULCYI Guérin. 
Figs. 78, 115, and 147. 


SHELFORD, reared, larvae in collection of the University of Illinois. 


Color.—Head and pronotum bright coppery bronze with a strong 
blue reflection; setae on dorsal aspect of head and pronotum trans- 
parent or glassy, the other setae brown. 

Head.—Setae on dorsal aspect fine and inconspicuous; diameter 
of ocellus 2 distinctly greater than the distance between ocelli 1 
and 2; fronto-clypeo-labral area as long as broad; U-shaped ridge 
on the caudal part of the frons bearing four or six setae, the two 
middle ones larger than the others; antenna, with the proximal 
segment slightly shorter than the second, the third about two-thirds 
and the fourth one-third the length of the second, the proximal 
segment with five or six setae and the second with nine or ten; 
maxilla with the proximal segment of the galea bearing three setae 
on its mesal margin, maxillary palpus two-segmented, the first and 
second segments fused and together as long as the distal segment; 
ligula with four fine setae on the ventro-distal end arranged in a 
transverse row, proximal segment of labial palpus with three spine- 
like projections on the ventro-distal margin and with two setae on 
each side of these spines, the proximal segment with four setae and 
the distal segment with one. 

Thoraw.—Pronotum with the cephalo-mesal portion extending 
distinctly cephalad of the cephalo-lateral angles, lateral margins 
not carinate, primary setae small and not conspicuous, secondary 
setae short, fine, and numerous (fig. 78). 

Abdomen.—Chitinized areas indistinct’; secondary setae few, short, 
and inconspicuous (fig. 115); ninth abdominal sternum with the 
caudal margin bearing two groups of three setae each; median 





art.17. LARVAE OF HOLARCTIC TIGER-BEETLES—HAMILTON, oi 


hooks with two setae, inner hooks with six or seven setae, the spine- 
like projection about one-fifth the length of the hook (fig. 147). 

Measurements.—Length of larva, 15 to 17 mm., width at the third 
abdominal segment, 1.4 to 1.6 mm.; diameter of ocellus 2, 0.32 to 
0.34 mm.; distance between ocelli 1 and two, 0.19 to 0.21 mm.; 
length of fronto-clypeo-labral area, 1.25 to 1.35 mm., width, 1.25 to 
1.85 mm.; length of pronotum, 1.5 to 1.7 mm., width, 2 to 2.8 mm. 

This species is easily distinguished from all others by the two- 
segmented labial palpus, which has apparently occured through 
the fusion of the proximal and second segments. The larvae were 
collected at Galveston, Tex., on Denver Beach, from moist, clean 
sand, outside of the shrubs, which is probably covered by highest 
tides. It occurs in situations similar to those of C@. hirticollis along 
the New England coast and around the shores of Lake Michigan. 
The burrows are from 12 to 18 inches in depth. 


CICINDELA BIRAMOSA Fabricus. 


Figs. 149, 161, and 173. 


Horn, W., reared, larva in the collection of the University of Illinois. 
1899, Horn, W., Deutsche Ent. Zeitschr., p. 385. 


Color.—Head and pronotum bright coppery to yellow with a blue 


to green reflection, lateral margins slightly yellow; setae on dorsal 
aspect of head and pronotum transparent or glassy, the other setae 
brown. 

Head.—Setae on dorsal aspect fine and inconspicuous; diameter 
of ocellus 2 distinctly greater than the distance between ocelli 1 and 
2; fronto-clypeo-labral area as long as broad; U-shaped ridge on the 
caudal part of frons bearing two setae; antenna with the proximal 
and second segments sub-equal, the third slightly more than two- . 
thirds and the fourth slightly less than one-half the length of the 
second, the proximal and second segments each with six or seven - 
setae; maxilla with the proximal segment of the galea bearing three 
setae on its mesal margin, maxillary palpus two-segmented, the 
proximal and second segments fused and together longer than the 
distal segment; ligula with four fine setae arranged in a transverse 
row at the ventro-distal end, proximal segment of labial palpus 
with three spine-like projections on its ventro-distal margin and 
with two setae on each side of these spines, the proximal segment 
with four setae and the distal segment with one. 

Thorax.—Pronotum with the cephalo-mesal portion extending 
distinctly cephalad of the cephalo-lateral angles, lateral margins 
not carinate, primary setae long but not conspicuous, secondary setae 
medium size, inconspicuous and not numerous (fig. 149). 


29 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 65. 


Abdomen.—Chitinized areas indistinct; secondary setae few, short, 
and inconspicuous (fig. 161); ninth abdominal sternum with the 
caudal margin bearing two groups of four setae each; median hooks 
with three setae; inner hooks with 8 to 10 setae, the spine-like projec- 
tion not more than one-sixth the length of the hook (fig. 173). 

Measurements.—Length of larva, 18 mm.; width at the third 
abdominal segment about 2 mm.; diameter of ocellus 2, 0.45 mm.; 
distance between ocelli 1 and 2, 0.30 mm.; length of fronto-clypeo- 
labral area, 1.6 mm.; width, 1.6 mm.; length of pronotum, 1.6 mm.; 
width, 2.7 mm. 

The larva of this species is from India and was collected by Walter 
Horn. The nearest American form that I have studied is Cicindela 
dorsalis saulcyi and in many respects the two are quite similar. 
Cicindela biramosa is the larger of the two species and may be 
separated from Cicindela dorsalis saulcyi by the two setae on the 
U-shaped ridge, the ninth abdominal sternum bearing two groups 
of four instead of three setae each, the median hooks with three setae 
and the inner hooks with 8 to 10 setae. 


CICINDELA, species A. 
(Probably CICINDELA TRIFASCIATUS SIGMOIDEA LeConte.) 
Figs. 59, 95, and 125. 


SHELFORD, San Diego, California, not reared, larvae in the collection of the 
University of Illinois. 

Color—Head dark purplish brown, pronotum brown with a color 
pattern of lighter areas; setae on head and pronotum white, the other 
setae brown. 

Head.—Setae or dorsal aspect medium in length and prominent; 
diameter of ocellus 2 equal to the distance between ocelli 1 and 2; 
fronto-clypeo-labral area shghtly wider than long; U-shaped ridge 
on the caudal part of frons bearing two setae; antenna with the 
proximal segment slightly shorter than the second, the third two- 
thirds and the fourth one-half the length of the second, the proximal 
segment with nine or ten setae and the second with eight or nine; 
maxilla with the proximal segment of the galea bearing three setae 
on its mesal margin, maxillary palpus three-segmented; ligula with 
four fine setae arranged in a transverse row at its ventro-distal end, 
proximal segment of labial palpus with three spine-like projections 
on the ventro-distal margin and with two setae on each side of these 
spines, the proximal segment with four setae and the distal segment 
with one. 

Thorax.—Pronotum with the cephalo-lateral angles extending al- 
most as far cephalad as the mesal portion, lateral margins not cari- 





art.17. LARVAE OF HOLARCTIC TIGER-BEETLES—HAMILTON. 23 


nate, primary setae large and prominent, seta 7 wanting, secondary 
setae not more than ten in number and small (fig. 59). 

Abdomen.—Chitinized areas distinct, secondary setae short, few 
and not conspicuous (fig. 95); ninth abdominal sternum with the 
caudal margin bearing two groups of three setae each; median hooks 
with four setae; inner hooks with two setae, the spine-like projection 
one-third the length of the hook (fig. 125). 

Measurements.—Length of larvae 17 to 19 mm., width at the third 
abdominal segment, 2.4 to 2.6 mm.; diameter of ocellus 2, 0.29 to 
0.81 mm.; distance between ocelli 1 and 2, 0.26 to 0.28 mm.; length 
of fronto-clypeo-labral area, 1.10 to 1.15 mm., width, 1.20 to 1.25 
mm.; length of pronotum, 1.6 to 1.7 mm., width, 2.5 to 2.7 mm. 

The larvae were collected at San Diego, California, on the beach 
in the tide flats just above high tide. They were taken from sand 
covered with mud and from pure sand. The holes were from 11% 
to 3 inches deep. 


CICINDELA SEXGUTTATA Fabricus. 
Figs. 58, 94, and 124. 


SHELFORD, reared, larvae in collection of University of Illinois, the U. S. 
National Museum and author’s collection. 
1908, SHELFORD, Journ. Linn. Soe. Lond., Zool., vol. 30, pp. 172-173. 

Color—Head and pronotum dark chestnut brown or purplish 
brown with a slight green or blue reflection, lateral margins of pro- 
notum lighter in some specimens; setae brown. 

Head.—Setae on dorsal aspect long, shghtly flattened and promi- 
nent; diameter of ocellus 2 equal to the distance between ocelli 1 
and 2; fronto-clypeo-labral area as long as broad; U-shaped ridge on 
the caudal part of frons bearing two setae; antenna with the proxi- 
mal and second segments subequal in length, the third two-thirds 
and the distal one-half the length of the second, the proximal seg- 
ment with five or six setae and the second with nine or ten; maxilla 
with the proximal segment of the galea bearing three setae on its 
mesal margin; maxillary palpus three-segmented: ligula with four 
fine setea arranged in a transverse row at its ventro-distal end, proxi- 
mal segment of labial palpus with three spinelike projections on 
the ventro-distal margin and with two setae on each side of these 
spines, the proximal segment with four setae and the distal segment 
with one. 

Lhorax—Pronotum with the cephalo-lateral angles extending 
almost as far cephalad as the mesal portion, lateral margins slightly 
carinate, primary setae large, prominent, and slightly flattened, 
secondary setae small and not numerous (fig. 58). 


24 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM, VOL. 65. 


Abdomen.—Chitinized areas distinct; secondary setae short, fine, 
and not numerous (fig. 94); ninth abdominal sternum with the cau- 
dal margin bearing two groups of four setae each; median hooks 
generally with three setae, inner hooks with two setae, the spine- 
like projection about one-third the length of the hook (fig. 124). 

Measurements.—Length of larva, 20 to 24 mm., width at the third 
abdominal segment, 2 to 2.5 mm.; diameter of ocellus 2, 0.25 to 
0.28 mm.; distance between ocelli 1 and 2, 0.25 to 0.28 mm.; length 
of fronto-clypeo-labral area, 1.5 to 1.7 mm.; width, 1.5 to 1.7 mm.; 
length of pronotum, 1.8 to 2 mm., width, 2.9 to 3.2 mm. 

The larvae of this species can be easily distinguished from those 
of other species by the brown setae on the head and pronotum. The 
larva is very characteristic in its habitat, which is quite different 
from most others, as stated by Shelford (1908) : 

This species does not deposit eggs in pure humus, but makes use of little 
irregularities in clay or sand which contains a litthe humus and which is 
shaded slightly, such conditions as are afforded by falling trees and the erosion 
of hillsides by small brooks. It prefers a few loose leaves, and will lay eggs 
under them in preference to other places when they are present. It does not, 
however, appear to like very shady conditions. Several days spent in the 
beech and maple forests of northern Indiana has failed to reveal the presence 
of one of these insects, although they were present in open and partly cleared 
places a short distance away, where the forest has not become so mesophytic. 

The eggs are laid in June or early July in the shade, and the ma- 
jority of the larvae reach the third stage by fall. The larvae pupate 
the following year in July, and the adults emerge in August. In 
northern Illinois the adults rarely appear in autumn, and it is proba- 
ble that they remain in the pupal chamber until spring. There are 
two years between generations. 

Larvae were collected by Professor Shelford from Suman, In- 
diana, Clinton and Lafollette, Tennessee, in 1908, and by the author 
from Urbana, Illinois, in 1916, and College Park, Maryland, in 1922. 


CICINDELA CAMPESTRIS Linnaeus. 
Figs. 150, 162, and 174. 


EB. Rosenserc, Seeland, Denmark, 2 larvae, and MEINERT, 1899, Zool. Mus., 
Copenhagen, 2 larvae and 1 pupa, deposited in United States National 
Museum by Dr. A. Boving. 

Color.—Head and pronotum dark chestnut brown, shiny, lateral 
margins of pronotum lighter, setae white. 

Head.—Setae on dorsal aspect medium length, prominent; diam- 
eter of ocellus 2 slightly less than the distance between ocelli 1 and 2; 
fronto-clypeo-labral area as long as broad; U-shaped ridge on caudal 
part of frons bearing two setae; antenna with the proximal and 
second segments subequal in length, the third two-thirds and the 





ART. 17. LARVAE OF HOLARCTIC TIGER-BEETLES—-HAMILTON., 25 


distal one-half the length of the second, the proximal segment with 
five or six setae and the second with seven or eight; maxilla with the 
proximal segment of the galea bearing three setae on its mesal mar- 
gin, maxillary palpus three-segmented; ligula with four fine setae 
arranged in a transverse row at its ventro-distal end, proximal seg- 
ment of labial palpus with three spinelike projections on the ventro- 
distal margin and with two setae on each side of these spines, the 
proximal segment with four setae and the distal segment with one. 

Thorax.—Pronotum with the cephalo-lateral angles extending as 
far cephalad as the mesal portion, lateral margins slightly carinate, 
primary setae not large, distinctly flattened, nor prominent; second- 
ary setae small and not numerous (fig. 150). 

Abdomen.—Chitinized areas distinct; secondary setae short, fine, 
and not numerous (fig. 162); ninth abdominal sternum with the 
caudal margin bearing two groups of four setae each; median hooks 
with three setae; inner hooks with two setae, the spinelike projection 
about one-half the length of the hook (fig. 174). 

Measurements.—Leneth of larva, 22 to 26 mm.; width at the third 
abdominal segment, 2.5 to 3 mm.; diameter of ocellus 2, 0.22 to 0.24 
mm.; distance between ocelli 1 and 2, 0.26 to 0.28 mm.; length of 
fronto-clypeo-labral area, 1.7 to 1.9 mm.; width, 1.7 to 1.9 mm.; 
length of pronotum, 1.9 to 2.1 mm.; width, 3.6 to 3.8 mm. 

The larva of this species is quite similar to that of serguttata, but 
can be distinguished from it by the different colored setae on the 
head and pronotum and the longer spinelike projection on the inner 
hooks. This species is an European form and does not occur in the 
United States. 

CICINDELA LIMBALIS Klug. 
Figs. 1, 5, 6, 7, 8, 14, 17, 21, 22, 28, 27, 28, 32, 88, 37, 88, 89, 40, 42, 52, 53, 54, 96, 
and 126. 
SHELFORD, reared, larvae in the collection of the University of Tlinois and 
the author’s collection. 
1908, SHELForD, Journ. Linn. Soe. Lond., Zool., vol. 30, pp. 164-165. 

Color—Head and pronotum dark purple with a green reflection; 

setae on dorsal aspect of head and pronotum white, the other setae 


brown. 
Head.—Setae on dorsal aspect long, slightly flattened and promi- 


nent; diameter of ocellus 2 distinctly less than the distance between 
ocelli 1 and 2; fronto-clypeo-labral area slightly wider than long; 
U-shaped ridge on the caudal part of frons bearing two setae; antenna 
with the proximal segment slightly shorter than the second, the third 
two-thirds and the fourth one-half the length of the second, the prox- 
imal segment with five or six setae and the second with seven or 
eight; maxilla with the proximal segment of the galea bearing three 
45554— 25—Proc.N.M.vol.65——_33 


26 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 65. 


setae on its mesal margin, maxillary palpus three segmented; ligula 
with four fine setae arranged in a transverse row at its ventro-distal 
end, proximal segment of labial palpus with three spinelike projec- 
tions at its ventro-distal margin and with two setae on each side of 
these spines, proximal segment with four setae and the distal segment 
with one. 

Thorax.—Pronotum with the cephalo-lateral margins extending 
almost as far cephalad as the mesal portion, lateral margins slightly 
carinate, primary setae large, prominent and slightly flattened, sec- 
ondary setae small, not over ten in number (fig. 54). 

Abdomen.—Chitinized areas distinct, secondary setae short, fine 
and not numerous (fig. 96); ninth abdominal sternum with the 
caudal margin bearing two groups of four setae each; median hooks 
with two setae; inner hooks with two setae, the spinelike projection 
slightly more than one-half the length of the hook (fig. 126). 

Measurements.—Length of larva, 19 to 22 mm., width at the third 
abdominal segment, 1.8 to 2.2 mm.; diameter of ocellus 2, 0.26 to 
0.28 mm.; distance between ocelli 1 and 2, 0.30 to 0.35 mm.; length of 
fronto-clypeo-labral area, 1.70 to 1.75 mm.; width, 1.80 to 1.85 mm.; 
length of pronotum, 2.1 to 2.3 mm.; width, 3.1 to 3.5 mm. 

This species is very similar to C. purpurea graminea, but can be 

separated from it by the larger number of secondary setae on the pro- 
notum, and the longer length of the spinelike projection of the inner 
hooks. 
- The adults appear from hibernation later in the spring than do 
those of C. purpurea graminea and the eggs are laid in June. By 
fall the larvae have reached the second instar, in which stage they 
pass the winter. They appear the latter part of the following May 
or the first of June, pass into the last larval instar, and pupate in 
July. Some of the adults emerge in August while others remain in 
the pupal chamber until the following spring. They reach sexual 
maturity in the spring about a month later than C. purpurea 
graminea. The larvae are found in clay on steep banks of Lake 
Michigan. The burrows enter at almost a right angle to the surface 
and curve into a nearly horizontal position at the inner end. They 
are from 7 to 10 centimeters deep and there is usually a chimney- 
like structure around the opening of the burrow which is formed by 
the soil excavated by the larva. Criddle (1910) states that the 
larvae are found at Atweme, Manitoba, in situations similar to those 
observed by Shelford, the depth of the burrow varying from 3 to 8 
inches. The length of the larval stage is approximately 2 years 
and the adult stage from 9 to 11 months. In the vicinity of Chicago, 
Illinois, the larval stage lasts about 14 months and the adult stage 10 
months. 





ART. 17. LARVAE OF HOLARCTIC TIGER-BEETLES—HAMILTON., oF 
CICINDELA PURPUREA GRAMINEA Schaupp. 
Vigs. 60, 97, and 127. 


SHELFORD, reared, larvae in the collection of the University of Illinois. 
1908, SHELFoRD, Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond., Zool., vol. 30, pp. 160-173. 

Color.—Head and pronotum dark purplish bronze with a green 
reflection; setae on dorsal aspect of head and pronotum white, the 
other setae brown. 

Head.—Setae on dorsal aspect long, slightly flattened and promi- 
nent; diameter of ocellus 2 distinctly less than the distance between 
ocelli 1 and 2; fronto-clypeo-labral area as long as broad; U-shaped 
ridge on caudal part of frons bearing two setae; antenna with the 
proximal and second segments subequal in length, the third almost 
two-thirds, and the distal slightly more than one-half the length 
of the second, the proximal segment with six or seven setae and the 
second with eight or nine; maxilla with the proximal segment of the 
galea bearing three setae on its mesal margin, maxillary palpus 
three-segmented; ligula with four fine setae arranged in a trans- 
verse row at its ventro-distal end, proximal segment of labial palpus 
with three spine-like projections on its ventro-distal margin and 
with two setae on each side of these spines, proximal segment with 
four setae and the distal segment with one. 

Vhoraz—Pronotum with the cephalo-lateral angles extending 
almost as far cephaled as the mesal portion, lateral margins slightly 
carinate, primary setae large, prominent and slightly flattened; sec- 
ondary setae two in number, one cephalo-laterad of seta 5 (fig. 60). 

Abdomen.—Chitinized areas distinct, secondary setae not numer- 
ous, fine and medium in length (fig. 97); ninth abdominal sternum 
with the caudal margin bearing two groups of four setae each; 
median hooks with two setae; inner hooks with two setae, the spine- 
like projection about one-third the length of the hook (fig. 127). 

Measurements——Length of larva, 19 to 22 mm., width at the 
third abdominal segment, 1.8 to 2.2 mm.; diameter of ocellus 2, 
0.26 to 0.28 mm.; distance between ocelli 1 and 2, 0.33 to 0.85 mm.; 
length of fronto-clypeo-labral area, 1.75 to 1.85 mm., width, 1.75 to 
1.85 mm.; length of pronotum, 2 to 2.3 mm., width 3 to 3.4 mm. 

The adults appear from hibernation in April, mate and lay eggs 
the latter part of the month. The eggs are laid in moderately 
moist, black soil in openings in grassy places, such as cow paths in 
grassy ravines and old bare places near streams. They probably 
lay eggs only after rain on well drained soil. The larvae reach the 
third instar the latter part of August or the first of September, 
close their burrows and hibernate. The following spring they feed 


28 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL, 65. 


until about the middle of June, pupate in July, and the adults 
emerge the latter part of August. These hibernate and become 
sexually mature the following April. There are two years between 
generations. The larvae studied were collected at Lyon, Illinois. 


CICINDELA, species B. 
(Possibly C. CIMARRONA LeConte or OBSOLETA Say.) 


Figs. 62, 99, and 129. 


SHELForD, not reared, larvae in collection of the University of Illinois. 


Color.—Head and pronotum dark purplish bronze with a strong 
green or blue reflection, lateral margins of pronotum slightly lighter 
in some specimens; setae on dorsal aspect of head and pronotum 
white, the other setae brown. 

/Tead.—Setae on dorsal aspect medium in length, stout and promi- 
nent; diameter of ocellus 2 equal to the distance between ocelli 1 and 
9; fronto-clypeo-labral area wider than long; U-shaped ridge on the 
caudal part of frons bearing two setae; antenna with the proximal 
segment as long as the second, the third two-thirds and the distal 
slightly less than one-half the length of the second, the proximal seg- 
ment with 7 to 9 setae and the second with 9 to 11; maxilla with 
the proximal segment of the galea bearing three setae on its 
mesal margin, maxillary palpus three-segmented; lgula with 
four fine setae arranged in a transverse row at its ventro-distal end, 
proximal segment of the labial palpus with three spinelike projec- 
tions on the ventro-distal margin and with two setae on each side of 
these spines, the proximal segment with four setae and the distal 
segment with one. 

Thorax.—Pronotum with the cephalo-lateral angles extending 
almost as far cephalad as the mesal portion, the lateral margins 
slightly carinate, primary setae long and prominent, secondary setae 
minute, not more than 25 (fig. 62). 

Abdomen.—Chitinized areas distinct, secondary setae almost as 
long as the primary setae, prominent and not numerous (fig. 99) ; 
ninth abdominal sternum with the caudal margin bearing two groups 
of four setae each; median hooks with two setae; inner hooks with 
two setae, the spinelike projection one-third the length of the hook 
(fig. 129). 

The larvae were collected at Alamosa, Colorado, on the banks of 
the Rio Grande in dark, coarse sand and on level and sloping land 
which was always moist. The burrows were from 2 to 4 inches deep, 
usually sloping, the direction varying with the kind of soil. 





ART. 17. LARVAE OF HOLARCTIC TIGER-BEETLES—HAMILTON. 29 


CICINDELA LATESIGNATA LeConte. 
Figs. 61, 98, and 128. 


SHELForD, not reared, larvae in collection of the University of Illinois. 


Color.—Head and pronotum purplish bronze with a green reflec- 
tion; setae on dorsal aspect of head and pronotum white, the other 
setae brown. 

Head.—Setae on dorsal aspect long and prominent; diameter of 
ocellus 2 equal to the distance between ocelli 1 and 2; fronto-clypeo- 
labral area slightly wider than long; U-shaped ridge on the caudal 
part of frons bearing two setae; antenna with the proximal segment 
slightly shorter than the second, the third two-thirds, and the distal 
one-half the length of the second, the proximal segment with five to 
seven setae and the second with ten to eleven; maxilla with the proxi- 
mal segment of the galea bearing three setae on its mesal margin, max- 
illary palpus three-segmented ; ligula with four fine setae arranged in 
a transverse row at the ventro-distal end, proximal segment of labial 
palpus with three spinelike projections on its ventro-distal margin 
and with two setae on each side of these spines, the proximal seg- 
ment with four setae and the distal segment with one. 

Thorax.—Pronotum with the cephalo-lateral angles not extending 
as far cephalad as the cephalo-mesal part, lateral margins carinate, 
primary setae medium in size and prominent, secondary setae about 
thirty in number, small (fig. 61). 

Abdomen.—Chitinized areas distinct, secondary setae short, fine, 
and not numerous (fig. 98); ninth abdominal sternum with the 
caudal margin bearing two groups of three setae each; median hooks 
with three setae; inner hooks with two setae, the spinelike projection 
one-third the length of the hook (fig. 128). 

Measurements.—Length of larvae, 18 to 22 mm.; width at the 
third abdominal segment, 2 to 2.8 mm.; diameter of ocellus 2, 0.26 
to 0.28 mm.; distance between ocelli 1 and 2, 0.26 to 0.28 mm.; 
length of fronto-clypeo-labral area, 1.65 to 1.75 mm.; width, 1.75 
to 1.85 mm.; length of pronotum, 2.9 to 3.2 mm.; width, 3 to 3.8 mm. 

The identification of this larva is not positive. They were col- 
lected at La Jolla, California, on the beach in the tide flats just 
above high tide. The holes were from 11% to 3 inches deep and fre- 
quently curved to a nearly horizontal position at the bottom. ‘The 
soil consisted of mud or sand covered with mud. 





30 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 65. 


CICINDELA, species C. 
Figs. 151, 163, and 175. 


SHELFORD, not reared, larvae in the collection of the University of Illinois 
and the author's collection. 

Color.—Head and pronotum coppery bronze with a light blue 
reflection ; setae on dorsal aspect of head and pronotum white, the 
other setae brown. 

Head.—Setae on dorsal aspect long and prominent; diameter of 
ocellus 2 equal to the distance between ocelli 1 and 2; fronto-clypeo- 
labral area as long as wide; U-shaped ridge on caudal part of frons 
bearing two setae; antenna with the proximal segment slightly 
shorter than the second, the third two-thirds and the distal one- 
half the length of the second, the proximal segment with ten. to 
twelve setae and the second with six to eight; maxilla with the proxi- 
mal segment of the galea bearing three setae on its mesal margin, 
maxillary palpus three-segmented; ligula with four fine setae ,ar- 
ranged in a transverse row at its ventro-distal end, proximal seg- 
ment of the labial palpus with three spinelike projections on the 
ventro-distal margin and with two setae on each side of these 
spines, the proximal segment with four setae and the distal segment 
with one. 

Thorax.—Pronotum with the cephalo-lateral margins extending 
as far cephalad as the mesal portion, lateral margins slightly cari- 
nate, primary setae medium in size and prominent, secondary setae 
about 10 in number, moderate size (fig. 151). 

Abdomen.—Chitinized areas distinct; secondary setae short, fine 
and not numerous (fig. 163); ninth abdominal sternum with the 
caudal margin bearing two groups of three setae each; median hooks 
with one seta; inner hooks with two setae, the spine-like projection 
one-third the length of the hook (fig. 175). 

Measurements—Length of larvae, 16 to 18 mm., width at the 
third abdominal segment, 2 to 2.5 mm.; diameter of ocellus 2, 0.30 
to 0.82 mm.; distance between ocelli 1 and 2, 0.30 to 0.32 mm.; 
length of fronto-clypeo-labral area, 1.65 to 1.75 mm., width, 1.65 
to 1.75 mm.; length of pronotum, 1.75 to 1.85 mm., width, 2.85 to 
3 mm. 

The larvae were collected at Pines, Indiana, by the author together 
with Cicindela hirticollis. They were also found with two undated 
collections of larvae of Cicindela hirticollis. 


ART. 17. LARVAE OF HOLARCTIC TIGER-BEETLES—HAMILTON, 31 


CICINDELA REPANDA Dejean. 
Figs. 63, 100, and 130. 


SHELForD, reared, larvae in the collection of the University of Illinois, 
the U. S. National Museum and the author’s collection. 

1878, Horn, Trans. Amer. Ento. Soc., vol. 7, pp. 35-37, pl. 2, fig. 4a. 

1908, SHEeLForD, Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond., Zool., vol. 30, p. 170. 

Color.—Head and pronotum dark coppery bronze with a light 
green reflection; setae on dorsal aspect of head and pronotum white, 
the other setae brown. 

Head.—Setae on dorsal aspect long, stout, and prominent; diameter 
of ocellus 2 equal to the distance between ocelli 1 and 2; fronto- 
clypeo-labral area wider than long; U-shaped ridge on caudal part 
of frons bearing two setae; antenna with the proximal and second 
segments sub-equal in length, the third three-fourths and the distal 
one-half the length of the second, the proximal segment with 9 
or 10 setae and the second with 7 or 8; maxilla with the proximal 
segment of the galea bearing three setae on its mesal margin, 
maxillary palpus three-segmented; ligula with four fine setae 
arranged in a transverse row at its ventro-distal end, proximal 
segment of labial palpus with three spine-like projections on the 
ventro-distal margin and with two setae on each side of these spines, 
the proximal segment with four setae and the distal segment with 
one. 

Thorax.—Pronotum with the cephalo-lateral angles extending al- 
most as far cephalad as the mesal portion, lateral margins carinate, 
primary setae medium in size and prominent, secondary setae small 
and not numerous (fig. 63). 

Abdomen.—Chitinized areas distinct, secondary setae very short, 
small and not numerous (fig.100); ninth abdominal sternum with 
the caudal margin bearing two groups of four setae each; median 
hooks with one seta, if two are present one is much smaller than 
the other; inner hooks with two setae, the spine-like projection about 
one-sixth the length of the hook (fig. 130). 

Measurements.—Length of larva, 16 to 18 mm., width at the third 
abdominal segment, 2 to 2.2 mm.; diameter of ocellus 2, 0.26 to 0.28 
mm.; distance between ocelli 1 and 2, 0.26 to 0.28 mm.; length of 
fronto-clypeo-labral area, 1.50 to 1.60, width, 1.60 to 1.70 mm.; 
length of pronotum, 1.7 to 1.9 mm., width, 2.7 to 3 mm. 

The larvae of this species are found in a greater variety of habi- 
tats than many of the other species of Cicindela. They have been 
collected from wet, sandy soil, wet muddy soil, moist clay, and soil 
with considerable humus. In general, however, they are found in 


OZ PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 65. 


sandy situations around the margins of small ponds, lakes and 
streams which have too much vegetation for Cicindela hirticollis. 
The larvae usually occur among the first rather rather scattered veg- 
etation in such places. The burrows are about ten centimeters deep 
and their general direction is at right angles to a sloping surface 
and oblique to a horizontal surface. The eggs are laid in May and 
June, and the larvae reach the third instar by fall, in which instar 
they pass the winter. The adults emerge the following summer, 
hibernate, and appear in May of the second year, reach sexual ma- 


turity, lay their eggs and die. They are two years in their life - 


cycle. 
CICINDELA LEPIDA Dejean. 


Figs. 64, 101, and 131. 


SHELFORD, reared, larvae in the collection of the University of Illinois, 
the U. S. National Museum, and the author’s collection. 
1908, SHELFORD, Journ. Linn. Soe. Lond., Zool., vol. 30, p. 172. 


Color—Head and pronotum bronze, with a greenish-blue reflec- 
tion; setae on dorsal aspect of head and pronotum transparent or 
glassy, the other setae brown. 

Head.—Setae on dorsal aspect long, slender and prominent; di- 
ameter of ocellus 2 distinctly greater than the distance between 
ocelli 1 and 2; fronto-clypeo-labral area slightly broader than long; 
U-shaped ridge on the caudal part of frons with two setae; antenna 
with the proximal segment subequal in length to the second, the 
third slightly more than one-half and the distal one-fourth the 
length of the second, the proximal segment with six or seven setae 
and the second with nine or ten; maxilla with the proximal seg- 
ment of the galea bearing three setae on its mesal margin, maxillary 
palpus three-segmented; ligula with four fine setae arranged in a 
transverse row at the ventro-distal end, proximal segment of labial 
palpus with two spine-like projections on the ventro-distal margin 
and with two setae on each side of these spines, the proximal seg- 
ment with four setae and the distal segment with one. 

Thorax.—Pronotum with the mesal portion extending distinctly 
cephalad of the cephalo-lateral angles, lateral margins not carinate, 
primary setae not large or prominent, secondary setae small and 
numerous (fig. 64). 

Abdomen.—Chitinized areas distinct, secondary setae about one- 
third the length of the primary setae, fine and not numerous (fig. 
101); ninth abdominal sternum with the caudal margin bearing 
two groups of three setae each; median hooks with two setae; inner 





art.17. LARVAE OF HOLARCTIC TIGER-BEETLES—HAMILTON, oo 


hooks with two setae, the spine-like projection one-sixth the length 
of the hook (fig. 181). 

Measurements.—Length of larva, 14 to 16 mm., width at the third 
abdominal segment, 2 to 2.2 mm.; diameter of ocellus 2, 0.32 to 
0.34 mm.; distance between ocelli 1 and 2, 0.20 to 0.22 mm.; length 
of fronto-clypeo-labral area, 1.45 to 1.55 mm., width, 1.60 to 1.70 
mm; length of pronotum, 1.60 to 1.70 mm., width, 2.5 to 2.7 mm. 

The life history of this species as given by Shelford (1908) for 
the northern part of Tlinois differs from that of all others which 
he had observed, in that the larval stage lasts almost two years and 
the adult stage but a month or slightly more. The eggs are laid 
the latter part of July and the second instar is reached by autumn. 
They pass the winter in this instar, feed the next spring and summer 
and reach the third instar in June or July. They feed until late 
fall, hibernate, and come out about the first of the following May. 
The larvae pupate in June or July and the adults soon emerge, lay 
eggs and die. The species is two brooded, adults from each brood 
appearing in alternate years. As a result in May both second and 
third stage larvae can be secured, in July adults, eggs, first and third 
stage larvae, and in October second and third stage larvae. The fol- 
lowing table gives the life history and the stages present for the 
three most important months of the year: 


TABLE 1. 


The life history of Cicindela lepida.! 














| Ist year | 2d year 
Brood No. = —— - 
| May July. | October. | May. | July. | October. 
| 
ie AE es ee : | 
eee GREE Fi PN | Bl) A Be! 2 2 | 3 | 3 
| 2 3 | 3 3 | A-E-1 | 2 





1 A=adult, E=egg, 1—1st instar, 2=2d instar, 3=3d instar. 


Criddle (1910) states that the life history of Cicindela lepida is 
probably the same at Aweme, Manitoba, as at Chicago, Llinois; 
that is, the larval stage lasts approximately twenty-two months and 
the adult stage two months. 

The eggs are laid and the larvae live in sand which is slightly shift- 
ing, in northern Illinois, usually near Lake Michigan, but in some 
cases on the tops of sand dunes one-half mile from the lake. The 
burrows are from 25 to about 40 inches deep in northern Illinois and 


from 58 to 72 inches deep at Aweme, Manitoba. 
34 





45554—25—Proc.N.M.vol.65 


34 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 65. 


CICINDELA GRATIOSA Guerin. 
Figs. 65, 102, and 132. 
SHELForD, reared, larve in the collection of the University of Llinois. 


Color.—Head and pronotum dark purple with a blue reflection, 
setae on dorsal aspect of head and pronotum transparent or glassy, 
the other setae brown. 

Head.—Setae on dorsal aspect long, slender and not conspicuous; 
diameter of ocellus 2 distinctly greater than the distance between 
ocelli 1 and 2; fronto-clypeo-labral area as long as broad; U-shaped 
ridge on caudal part of frons bearing two setae; antenna with the 
proximal segment subequal in length to the second, the third slightly 
more than one-half and the distal one-fourth the length of the second, 
the proximal segment with seven or eight setae and the distal with 
10 or 11; maxilla with the proximal segment of the galea bearing 
three setae on its mesal margin, maxillary palpus three-segmented ; 
ligula with four fine setae arranged in a transverse row at its ventro- 
distal end, proximal segment of labial palpus with three spine-like 
projections on the ventro-distal margin and with two setae on each 
side of these spines, the proximal segment with four setae and the 
distal segment with one. 

Thorax.—Pronotum with the mesal portion extending distinctly 
cephalad of the cephalo-lateral angles, lateral margins carinate, 
primary setae small and inconspicuous, secondary setae minute and 
numerous (fig. 65). 

Abdomen.—Chitinized areas on abdomen indistinct, secondary 
setae short, fine, and numerous (fig. 102) ; ninth abdominal sternum 
with the caudal margin bearing two groups of three setae each; 
median hooks with three setae; inner hooks with two setae; the 
spinelike projection about one-sixth the length of the hook (fig. 182). 

Measurements—Length of larvae, 17 to 19 mm., width at the third 
abdominal segment, 2 to 2.8 mm.; diameter of ocellus 2, 0.30 to 0.33 
mm.; distance between ocelli 1 and 2, 0.17 to 0.18 mm.; length of 
fronto-clypeo-labral area, 1.85 to 1.40 mm.; width, 1.35 to 1.40 mm.; 
length of pronotum, 1.5 to 1.7 mm.; width, 2.3 to 2.5 mm. 

The larvae of this species were collected at Mobile, Ala., in a 
sandy, dry stream bed and other sandy situations. The soil was 
sandy and had sufficient clay in it to make it mold well. The larval 
burrows were vertical and from 22 to 44 inches deep. 


CICINDELA, species D. 
Figs. 152, 164, and 178. 


HAMILTON, not reared, larvae in collection of the author. 
Color—Head and pronotum purplish brown to bronze with a 
light bluish purple reflection, lateral margins lighter; setae on dorsal 


art.17. LARVAE OF HOLARCTIC TIGER-BEETLES—HAMILTON, 35 


aspect of head and pronotum white or transparent, the other setae 
brown. 

Head.—Setae on dorsal aspect medium length, prominent; diame- 
ter of ocellus 2 equal to the distance between ocelli 1 and 2; fronto- 
clypeo-labral area almost as long as broad; U-shaped ridge on the 
caudal part of frons bearing two setae; antenna with the proximal 
segment slightly shorter than the second, the third a little more 
than two-thirds and the distal one-third the length of the second, 
the proximal segment with 5 or 6 setae and the second with 9 or 
10; maxilla with the proximal segment of the galea bearing three 
setae on its mesal margin, maxillary palpus three-segmented; ligula 
with four fine setae not arranged in a transverse row at its ventro- 
distal end, proximal segment of labial palpus with three spine- 
like projections on the ventro-distal margin and with two setae on 
each side of these spines, the proximal segment with four setae and 
the distal segment with one. 

Thoraz—Pronotum with the cephalo-lateral angles extending 
almost as far cephalad as the mesal portion, lateral margins slightly 
carinate, primary setae medium size, prominent, secondary setae 
medium size and few in number (fig. 152). 

Abdomen.—Chitinized areas not distinct, secondary setae short 
and not numerous (fig. 164); ninth abdominal sternum with the 
caudal margin bearing two groups of five setae each; median hooks 
with three or four setae; inner hooks with two setae, the inner seta 
located nearer the base of the hook than the outer one, the spinelike 
projection one-half the length of the hook (fig. 178). 

Measurements.—Length of larvae, 25 to 27 mm., width at the 
third abdominal segment, 3.5 to 4 mm.; diameter of ocellus 2, 0.37 
to 0.88 mm.; distance between ocelli 1 and 2, 0.87 to 0.88 mm.; length 
of fronto-clypeo-labral area, 2.3 to 2.4 mm., width, 2.4 to 2.6 mm. ; 
length of pronotum, 2.9 to 3.1 mm., width, 4.6 to 4.9 mm. 

The larvae of this species may be distinguished from the preced- 
ing by the longer spinelike projection of the inner hook and the 
inner seta on the hook being located nearer the base than the outer 
seta, also by the less numerous secondary setae on the pronotum and 
its distinctly larger head measurements. 

The larvae were collected at Haswell, Colorado, on the open prairie 
in clay or adobe soil. The burrows occurred between bunches of 
grass, were about 8 inches deep, slightly spiral, and two-fifths of an 
inch in diameter at the bottom. Smaller larvae collected in the 
same situation and which appeared to be immature larvae of this 
species had a chimney-like structure about an inch long around the 
opening of the burrow. This addition was about an inch long and 
was built so that it was parallel to the surface of the ground. 


36 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM, VOL. 65. 


CICINDELA TRANQUEBARICA Herbst. 
Figs. 66, 103, and 133. 


SHELFORD, reared, larvae in the collection of the University of Illinois, 
the U. S. National Museum, and the author’s collection. 
1908, SuHEetrorp, Journ. Linn. Soe. Lond., Zool., vol. 30, p. 172. 

Color.—Head and pronotum dark purple or purplish bronze with 
a strong green reflection; setae on the dorsal aspect of head and 
pronotum white, the other setae brown. 

Head.—Setae on the dorsal aspect medium in length and promi- 
nent; diameter of ocellus 2 slightly greater than the distance between 
ocelli 1 and 2; fronto-clypeo-labral area slightly wider than long; 
U-shaped ridge on caudal part of frons bearing two setae; antenna 
with the proximal] and second segments subequal in length, the third 
two-thirds and the distal one-half the length of the second, the 
proximal segment with 7 or 8 setae and the second with 9 or 10; 
maxilla with the proximal segment of the galea bearing three setae 
on its mesal margin, maxillary palpus three-segmented; ligula with 
four fine setae arranged in a transverse row at its ventro-distal end, 
proximal segment of labial palpus with three spinelike projections 
at the ventro-distal margin and with two setae on each side of these 
spines, the proximal segment with four setae and the distal segment 
with one. 

Thorax.—Pronotum with the cephalo-lateral angles extending al- 
most as far cephalad as the mesal portion, the lateral margins slightly 
carinate, primary setae large and prominent, secondary setae small 
and not over 25 in number (fig. 66). 

Abdomen.—Chitinized areas distinct, secondary setae from one- 
half to almost as long as the primary setae, prominent and not 
numerous (fig. 103); ninth abdominal sternum with the caudal 
margin bearing 2 groups of 4 setae each; median hooks with 3 
setae; inner hooks with 2 setae, the spinelike projection one-third 
the length of the hook (fig. 133). 

Measurements.—Length of larvae, 21 to 24 mm., width‘at the third 
abdominal segment, 2.4 to 2.8 mm.; diameter of ocellus 2, 0.29 to 
0.31 mm.; distance between ocelli 1 and 2, 0.26 to 0.27 mm.; length 
of fronto-clypeo-labral area, 1.80 to 1.90 mm., width, 1.90 to 2 mm.; 
length of pronotum, 2.1 to 2.3 mm., width, 3.3 to 3.8 mm. 

The life history of this species is essentially the same as that of 
Cicindela purpurea graminea. The eggs are laid in a variety of 
moist situations but are more often laid in sandy soil with some 
humus and in among some vegetation. The burrows are straight 
and from 9 to 20 inches deep. At Brandon, Manitoba, the larvae 
were found at a uniform depth of about 18 to 20 inches and were 
usually dug from sandy soil. Criddle (1910) says: 





ArT. 17. LARVAE OF HOLARCTIC TIGER-BEETLES—HAMILTON. ot 


Two distinct sizes were found among the larvae in autumn, which corre- 
sponded to the first and second year of venusta, so that it seems highly prob- 
able that the larval life lasts two years, while that of the adult continues for 
about eleven months. 


CICINDELA SILVICOLA Latreiile. 
Figs. 159, 170, and 180. 


REITTER, E., two larvae in the collection of the U. S. National Museum. 
Bought from and determined by Reitter, 1922. 

Color.—Head and pronotum brownish bronze with a purple re- 
flection, lateral margins of pronotum slightly lighter; setae on dorsal 
aspect of head and pronotum white, the other setae brown. 

Head.—Setae on dorsal aspect long and conspicuous; diameter of 
ocellus 2 slightly less than the distance between ocelli 1 and 2; 
fronto-clypeo-labral area slightly wider than long; U-shaped ridge 
on caudal part of frons bearing two prominent setae; antenna with 
the proximal and second segments subequal in length, the third 
three-fourths and the fourth one-half the length of the second, the 
proximal segment with 5 to 7 setae and the second with 9 or 10; 
maxilla with the proximal segment of the galea bearing 3 setae on 
its mesal margin, maxillary palpus three-segmented; ligula with 4 
fine setae on its ventro-distal end arranged in a transverse row, proxi- 
mal segment of the labial palpus with 3 spinelike projections on the 
ventro distal margin and with 2 setae on each side of these spines, 
the proximal segment with 4 setae and the distal segment with one. 

Thorax.—Pronotum with the cephalo-lateral angles extending as 
far cephalad as the cephalo-mesal portion, lateral margins slightly 
carinate; primary setae long and prominent, secondary setae ab- 
sent except for a single prominent one on each cephalo-lateral part of 
the pronotum (fig. 159). 

Abdomen.—Chitinized areas distinct; secondary setae few, short, 
and not conspicuous (fig. 170); ninth abdominal sternum with the 
caudal margin bearing two groups of four setae each; median hooks 
with three or four setae; inner hooks normally with two but some- 
times three setae, the spinelike projection one-half the length of the 
hook (fig. 180). 

Measurements.—Length of larvae, 18 to 20 mm.; width at the 
third abdominal segment, 2 to 2.5 mm.; diameter of ocellus, 2, 0.80 
to 0.32 mm.; distance between ocelli 1 and 2, 0.40 to 0.42 mm.; length 
of fronto-clypeo-labral area, 2.7 mm.; width, 2.7 mm.; length of 
pronotum, 2.5 mm.; width, 4.4 mm. 

Remarks.—This is an European species, the larvae of which were 
purchased from E. Reitter, Paskau, by the U. S. National Museum. 
No data accompanied the material. 


88 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 65, 
CICINDELA OREGONA LeConte. 
Figs. 67, 104, and 134. 


SHELFORD, not reared, larvae in the collection of the University of Illinois, 
U. S. National Museum, and the author’s collection. 

Color.—Head and pronotum dark coppery bronze with a strong 
blue reflection, lateral margins of pronotum lighter in some speci- 
mens; setae on dorsal aspect of head and pronotum white, the other 
setae brown. 

Head.—Setae on dorsal aspect slender, of medium length and not 
conspicuous; diameter of ocellus 2 equal to the distance between 
ocelli 1 and 2; fronto-clypeo-labral area slightly wider than long; 
U-shaped ridge on caudal part of frons bearing two setae; antenna 
with the proximal segment slightly shorter than the second, the third 
two-thirds and the distal one-half the length of the second, the proxi- 
mal segment with nine to eleven setae and the second with nine to 
eleven setae; maxilla with the proximal segment of the galea bearing 
three setae on its mesal margin, maxillary palpus three-segmented ; 
ligula with four fine setae arranged in a transverse row at its ventro- 
distal end, proximal segment of labial palpus with three spinelike 
projections on the ventro-distal margin and with two setae on each 
side of these spines, the proximal segment with four setae and the 
distal segment with one. 

Thorax.—Pronotum with the cephalo-lateral angles extending al- 
most as far cephalad as the mesal portion, lateral margins carinate, 
primary setae not large or prominent, secondary setae short, about 
25 to 30 in number and with a row on each side of the meson (fig.67). 

Abdomen.—Chitinized areas distinct, secondary setae about one- 
fourth the length of the primary setae, fine and not numerous (fig. 
104) ; ninth abdominal sternum with the caudal margin bearing two 
groups of three setae each; median hooks with three setae; inner 
hooks with two setae, the spinelike projection about one-third the 
length of the hook (fig. 134). 

Measurements——Length of larvae, 19 to 22 mm., width at the 
third abdominal segment, 2.3 to 2.5mm.; diameter of ocellus 2, 0.26 to 
0.28 mm.; distance between ocelli 1 and 2, 0.26 to 0.28 mm.; length 
of fronto-clypeo-labral area, 1.60 to 1.70 mm., width, 1.70 to 1.80 
mm.; length of pronotum, 1.80 to 2 mm., width, 3 to 3.3 mm. 

The larvae of this species are similar to Cicindcla 12-quttata, but 
can be distinguished from them by the larger number of setae on the 
pronotum and the blue reflection, which is much stronger. The 
larvae were collected at Albuquerque, New Mexico, and Hagerman, 
Idaho, in moist clay soil with some humus, at an elevation of 6,000 to 





art.17. LARVAE OF HOLARCTIC TIGER-BEETLES—-HAMILTON. 39 


7,500 feet. The holes were about 5 inches in depth and entered on 
a steep, sloping bank and curved to a vertical position at the bottom. 
Dr. F. E. Blaisdell, sr., reports collecting the larvae from California 
in sand. The larvae studied were not from reared material, however, 
their peculiar location and the collection of adults at these places 
would indicate that the identification is correct. 


CICINDELA DUODECIMGUTTATA Dejean. 


Figs. 68, 105, and 1135: 


SHELFORD, reared, larvae in the collection of the University of Illinois and 
the U. S. National Museum. 
1908, SHELFoRD, Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond., Zool., vol. 30, pp. 172-173. 

Color-—Head and pronotum coppery bronze with a green reflec- 
tion, lateral margins of pronotum slightly lighter in some specimens, 
setae on dorsal aspect of head and pronotum white, the other setae 
brown. 

Head.—Setae on dorsal aspect long, stout, and prominent ; diameter 
of ocellus 2 slightly less than the distance between ocelli 1 and 2; 
fronto-cylpeo-labral area wider than long; U-shaped ridge on caudal 
part of frons bearing two setae; antenna with the proximal seg- 
ment slightly shorter than the second, the third two-thirds and the 
distal one-half the length of the second, the proximal segment with 
9 to 11 setae and the second segment with 9 to 11 setae; maxilla 
with the proximal segment of the galea bearing three setae on its 
mesal margin, maxillary palpus three-segmented; ligula with four 
fine setae arranged in a transverse row at its ventro-distal end, proxi- 
mal segment of labial palpus with three spinelike projections on the 
ventro-distal margin and with two setae on each side of these spines, 
the proximal segment with four setae and the distal segment with one. 

Thorax.—Pronotum with the cephalo-lateral angles extending as 
far cephalad as the mesal portion, lateral margins slightly carinate, 
primary setae medium in size and prominent, secondary setae minute, 
not more than 10 in number, and not with a row on each side of the 
meson (fig. 68). 

Abdomen.—Chitinized areas distinct, secondary setae about one- 
third the length of the primary setae, fine and not numerous (fig. 
105) ; ninth abdominal sternum with the caudal margin bearing two 
groups of three setae each; median hooks with three setae; inner 
hooks with two setae, the spinelike projection one-third the length of 
the hook (fig. 135). 

Measurements.—Length of larvae, 18 to 90 mm., width at the third 
abdominal segment, 2.2 to 2.4 mm.; diameter of ocellus 2, 0.26 to 
0.28 mm.; distance between ocelli 1 and 2, 0.28 to 0.30 mm.; length 


40 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 65. 


of fronto-clypeo-labral area, 1.60 to 1.70 mm., width, 1.70 to 1.80 
mm.; length of pronotum, 1.90 to 2.10 mm., width, 3 to 3.38 mm. 

The life history of this species has not been definitely determined, 
but field observations would seem to indicate that it is similar to 
Cicindela repanda. The larvae are usually found in clay or humus. 
Criddle (1907) found the larvae burrowing in large numbers along 
the banks of a river at Awene, Manitoba, in clayey, muddy, and 
sandy soil. In the summer time the burrows are from 4 to 5 inches 
deep and in the winter time from 6 to 15 inches. The holes gener- 
ally slant obliquely into the bank. 


CICINDELA GERMANICA Linnaeus. 
Figs. 160, 171, and 181. 


Reitrer, E., two larvae in the collection of the U. 8S. National Museum. 
Bought from and determined by E. Reitter, 1922. 

Color—Head and pronotum brownish bronze with a faint green 
reflection; setae on dorsal aspect of head and pronotum transparent, 
the other setae brown. 

Head.—Setae on dorsal aspect short, fine, and inconspicuous; 
diameter of ocellus 2 subequal to the distance between ocelli 1 and 
2: fronto-clypeo-labral area subequal in length and width; U-shaped 
ridge on caudal part of frons, bearing two fine inconspicuous setae ; 
antenna with the proximal and second segments subequal in length, 
the third three-fourths and the fourth slightly more than one-half 
the length of the second, the proximal and second segments each 
with five or six setae; maxilla with the proximal segment of the 
galea bearing three setae on its mesal margin, maxillary palpus 
three-segmented; ligula with four fine setae on the ventro-distal end 
arranged in a transverse row, proximal segment of labial palpus 
with three spinelike projections on the ventro-distal end and with 
two setae on each side of these spines, the proximal segment with 
four setae and the distal segment with one. 

Thorax.—Pronotum with the cephalo-lateral angles extending 
almost as far cephalad as the cephalo-mesal portion, lateral margins 
slightly carinate; primary setae not large or prominent; secondary 
setae short, few and inconspicuous (fig. 160). : 

Abdomen.—Chitinized areas indistinct; secondary setae few, fine, 
and inconspicuous (fig. 171); ninth abdominal sternum with the 
caudal margin bearing two groups of three setae each; median hooks 
with three setae; inner hooks with two setae, the setae on the outer 
side of the hook nearer the tip than the one on the inner side, spine- 
like projection about one-third the length of the hook (fig. 181). 

Measurements.—Length of larvae, 15 to 17 mm.; width at the 
third abdominal segment, 1.5 to 2 mm.; diameter of ocellus 2, 0.18 to 








ART. 17. LARVAE OF HOLARCTIC TIGER-BEETLES—-HAMILTON. 41 


0.20 mm.; distance between ocelli 1 and 2, 0.18 to 0.20 mm.; length 
of fronto-clypeo-labral area, 1.1 to 1.2 mm.; width, 1.1 to 1.2 mm.; 
length of pronotum, 1.3 to 1.4 mm.; width, 2.4 to 2.5 mm. 

Remarks.—This is a European species, the larvae of which were 
purchased from E. Reitter, Paskau, by the United States National 
Museum. No data accompanied the material. 


CICINDELA PUNCTULATA Olivier. 
Figs. 69, 106, and 136. 


SHELFORD, reared, larvae in the collection of the University of Illinois and 
the author’s collection. 
1908, SHELFORD, Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond., Zool., vol. 30, p. 172. 

Color.—Head and pronotum purplish bronze with a faint blue 
reflection; setae on dorsal aspect of head and pronotum white, the 
other setae brown. 

Head.—Setae on dorsal aspect medium in length and prominent; 
diameter of ocellus 2 slightly less than the distance between ocelli 1 
and 2; fronto-clypeo-labral area as long as broad; U-shaped ridge 
on caudal part of frons bearing two setae; antenna with the proximal 
and second segments subequal in length, the third slightly shorter 
than the second and the distal about one-half as long as the second, 
the proximal segment with five or six setae and the second with nine 
or ten; maxilla with the proximal segment of the galea bearing three 
setae on its mesal margin, maxillary palpus three-segmented; ligula 
‘vith four fine setae at the ventro-distal end arranged in a trans- 
verse row, proximal segment of labial palpus with three spinelike 
projections on the ventro-distal margin and with two setae on each 
side of these spines, proximal segment bearing four setae and the 
distal segment one. 

Thorax.—Pronotum with the cephalo-lateral angles extending 
almost as far cephalad as the mesal portion, lateral margins slightly 
carinate, primary setae 5 and 6 small, secondary setae small and not 
numerous (fig. 69). 

Abdomen.—Chitinized areas indistinct, secondary setae not numer: 
ous and about one-half the length of the primary setae (fig. 106) ; 
ninth abdominal sternum with the caudal margin bearing two groups 
of three setae each; median hooks with three setae, inner hooks with 
two setae, the spinelike projection about one-third the length of the 
hook (fig. 136). 

Measurements.—Length of larvae, 14 to 16 mm., width at the third 
abdominal segment, 1.8 to 2 mm.; diameter.of ocellus 2, 0.20 to 0.23 
mm.; distance between ocelli 1 and 2, 0.23 to 0.25 mm.; length of 
fronto-clypeo-labral area, 1.4 to 1.5 mm., width, 1.3 to 1.4 mm.; 
length of pronotum, 1.5 to 1.7 mm., width, 2.3 to 2.7 mm. 


42 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 65. 


The life history of this species as given by Shelford (1908) differs 
from that of other species in that the adults do not hibernate and 
there is only a single year required for the life cycle. The eggs are 
laid in relatively hard, dry soil, usually humus, the latter part of 
July, and larvae were dug from bare spaces between clumps of grass 
in the vacant lots of Chicago. The majority of the larvae are in the 
third instar by September, in which instar they hibernate and ap- 
pear early the next spring. They feed until April or early June, 
when they pupate. The adults emerge in early July, mate and lay 
egos. The larval burrows during the feeding reason are from 12 to 
16 inches deep but are slightly shallower in the summer just before 
the larvae go into the pupal stage. This species was reared by Shel- 
ford, 1905 and 1906 at Chicago, Illinois. Criddle (1907) states that 
the larvae are found at Aweme, Manitoba, in small, mossy places be- 
tween clumps of grass in dry situations. The depth of the holes 
ranged from 18 to 26 inches. The adults do not hibernate and it is 
probable that the larval stage lasts over two winters. 

I have collected adults and dug larvae of this species from moist. 
adobe soil at Haswell, Colorado. 


CICINDELA FLAVOPUNCTATA RECTILATERA Chaudoir. 
Figs. 70, 107, and 137. 
SHELFoRD, reared, larvae in the collection of the University of Illinois. 


Color.—Head and pronotum purple or purplish bronze with a blue 
reflection; setae on dorsal aspect of head and pronotum white, the 
other setae brown. 

Head.—Setae on dorsal aspect long and prominent; diameter of 
ocellus 2 greater than the distance between ocelli 1 and 2; fronto- 
clypeo-labral area as long as broad; U-shaped ridge on the caudal 
part of frons bearing two setae; antenna with the proximal segment 
slightly shorter than the second, the third one-half and the fourth a 
little more than one-third the length of the second, the proximal seg- 
ment with five or six setae and the second with nine or ten; maxilla 
with the proximal segment of the galea bearing three setae on its 
mesal margin, maxillary palpus three-segmented; ligula with four 
fine setae arranged in a transverse row at its ventro-distal end, proxi- 
mal segment of labial palpus with three spine-like projections on the 
ventro-distal margin and with two setae on each side of these spines, 
the proximal segment with four setae and the distal segment with 
one. 

Thorax.—Pronotum with the cephalo-lateral angles extending as 
far cephalad as the mesal portion, lateral margins carinate, primary 
setae large and prominent, secondary setae small and not numerous 


(fig. 70). 





art.17. LARVAE OF HOLARCTIC TIGER-BEETLES—HAMILTON, 43 


Abdomen.—Chitinized areas distinct, secondary setae almost as 
long as the primary setae, fine and not numerous (fig. 107) ; ninth 
abdominal sternum with the caudal margin bearing two groups of 
three setae each; median hooks with three setae; inner hooks with 
two setae, the spine-like projection one-third the length of the hook 
(fig. 137). 

Measurements.—Length of larvae, 17 to 19 mm.; width at the 
third abdominal segment, 2 to 2.8 mm.; diameter of ocellus 2, 0.26 
to 0.27 mm.; distance between ocelli 1 and 2, 0.23 to 0.25 mm.; 
length of fronto-clypeo-labral area, 1.25 to 1.85 mm.; width, 1.25 to 
1.35 mm.; length of pronotum, 1.7 to 1.8 mm.; width, 2.7 to 2.9 mm. 

The larvae were collected at Houston, Texas, in heavy, clayey soil. 
The holes were about 4 inches long and curved almost to a horizontal 
position at the bottom. 


CICINDELA UNIPUNCTATA Fabricius. 
Figs. 71, 108, and 138. 
SHELFORD, not reared, larvae in the collection of the University of Illinois. 


Color.—Head and pronotum a purplish bronze with a green reflec- 
tion; setae on dorsal aspect of head and pronotum transparent or 
glassy, the other setae brown. 

Head.—Setae on dorsal aspect long, stout, and prominent; diam- 
eter of ocellus 2 slightly less than the distance between ocelli 1 and 
2; fronto-clypeo-labral area as long as broad; U-shaped ridge on 
caudal part of frons bearing two setae; antenna with the proximal 
segment as long as the second, the third two-thirds, and the distal 
one-half the length of the second, the proximal segment with seven 
or eight setae and the second with seven or eight; maxilla with the 
proximal segment of the galea bearing three setae on its mesal mar- 
gin, maxillary palpus three-segmented; ligula with four fine setae 
arranged in a transverse row at its ventro-distal end; proximal seg- 
ment of labial palpus with three spine-like projections on the ventro- 
distal margin and with two setae on each side of these spines, proxi- 
mal segment with four setae and the distal segment with one. 

Thorax.—Pronotum with the cephalo-lateral angles extending dis- 
tinctly cephalad of the mesal portion, lateral margin carinate, pri- 
mary setae not large or conspicuous, secondary setae wanting or very 
minute (fig. 71). 

Abdomen.—Chitinized areas distinct, secondary setae not numer- 
ous, and from short to more than one-half the length of the primary 
setae (fig. 108); ninth abdominal sternum with the caudal margin 
bearing two groups of four setae each; median hooks with three 
setae; inner hooks with five or six setae, the spine-like projection 
about one-third the length of the hook (fig. 138). 


44 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. G65. 


Measurements.—Length of larvae, 22 to 25 mm.; width at the third 
abdominal segment, 3 to 3.8 mm.; diameter of ocellus 2, 0.28 to 0.30 
mm.; distance between ocelli 1 and 2, 0.31 to 0.83 mm.; length of 
fronto-clypeo-labral area, 1.9 to 2 mm.; width, 1.9 to 2 mm.; length 
of pronotum, 2.1 to 2.3 mm.; width, 3.6 to 3.8 mm. 

This species is easily separated from all others by the position of 
the cephalo-lateral angles of the pronotum, which extend distinctly 
cephalad of the mesal portion. The larvae were dug at Lafollette, 
Tennessee, from bare, rocky soil on a steep, sparsely wooded hillside. 
Recent burning had probably removed the leaves which normally 
covered the slope. The burrows were perpendicular for the first 
3 or 4 inches and then curved to a horizontal position. The larvae 
were not bred, but all other species of the region have been. 


CICINDELA ABDOMINALIS Fabricius. 
Figs. 72, 109, and 1389. 
MANEE, not reared, larvae in the collection of the University of Illinois. 


Color.—Head and pronotum purplish bronze with a green or blue 
reflection; setae on dorsal aspect of head and pronotum transparent 
or glassy, the other setae brown. 

Head.—Setae on dorsal aspect long, slender, and not prominent ; 
diameter of ocellus 2 distinctly greater than the distance between 
ocelli 1 and 2; fronte-clypeo-labral area as long as broad; U-shaped 
ridge on the caudal part of frons bearing two setae; antenna with the 
proximal segment slightly shorter than the second, the third one- 
half and the distal one-fourth the length of the second, the proximal 
segment with seven or eight setae and the second with ten to twelve; 
maxilla with the proximal segment of the galea bearing three setae 
on its mesal margin, maxillary palpus three-segmented; ligula with 
four fine setae not arranged in a transverse row at its ventro-distal 
end, the two median setae caudad of the lateral ones; proximal seg- 
ment of the labial palpus with three spine-like projections on the 
ventro-distal margin and with two setae on each side of these spines, 
the proximal segment with four setae and the distal segment with 
one. 
Thorax.—Pronotum with the mesal portion extending distinctly 
cephalad of the cephalo-lateral angles, lateral margins slightly 
carinate, primary setae long, slender, and inconspicuous, secondary 
setae short and fairly numerous (fig. 72). 

Abdomen.—Chitinized areas indistinct, secondary setae short, fine, 
and numerous and occurring between as well as upon the chitinized 
areas (fig. 109); ninth abdominal sternum with the caudal margin 
bearing two groups of three setae each; median hooks with three 








ART.17, LARVAE OF HOLARCTIC TIGER-BEETLES—HAMILTON,. 45 


setae; inner hooks with three setae, the spine-like projection incon- 
spicuous or wanting (fig. 139). 

Measurements.—Length of larvae, 18 to 20 mm., width at the third 
abdominal segment, 2 to 2.8 mm.; diameter of ocellus 2, 0.29 to 0.31 
mm.; distance between ocelli 1 and 2, 0.19 to 0.21 mm.; length of 
fronto-clypeo-labral area, 1.65 to 1.75 mm.; width, 1.65 to 1.75 mm.; 
length of pronotum, 1.9 to 2.1 mm., width, 2.3 to 2.5 mm. 

The larvae were collected at Southern Pines, North Carolina, by 
Mr. A. H. Manee in hard soil at the side of a road. The burrows 
were small and about 25 inches deep. The larvae were not reared 
and the indentification is not positive. 


CICINDELA MARGINATA Fabricius. 
Figs. 738, 110, and 140. 
SHELFORD, reared, larvae in the collection of the University of Illinois. 


Color.—Head and pronotum dark purplish bronze with a strong 
blue reflection; setae on dorsal aspect of head and pronotum trans- 
parent or glassy, the other setae brown. 

Head.—Setae on dorsal aspect long, slender, and inconspicuous; 
diameter of ocellus 2 distinctly greater than the distance between 
ocelli 1 and 2; fronto-clypeo-labral area as long as broad; U-shaped 
ridge on caudal part of frons bearing two setae; antenna with the 
proximal segment subequal in length to the second; the third two- 
thirds and the distal slightly less than one-half the length of the 
second, the proximal segment with nine or ten setae and the second 
segment with nine or ten; maxilla with the proximal segment of the 
galea bearing three setae on its mesal margin, maxillary palpus 
three-segmented; ligula with four fine setae arranged in a trans- 
verse row at its ventro-distal end; proximal segment of the labial 
palpus with three spine-like projections on the ventro-distal end 
and with two setae on each side of these spines, the proximal seg- 
ment with four setae and the distal segment with one. 

Thorax.—Pronotum with the cephalo-lateral angles not extend- 
ing as far cephalad as the mesal portion; lateral margins slightly 
carinate, primary setae not large or conspicuous, secondary setae 
small and not numerous (fig. 73). 

Abdomen.—Chitinized areas distinct, secondary setae short, fine, 
and numerous (fig. 110); ninth abdominal sternum with the caudal 
margin bearing two groups of three setae each; median hooks with 
three setae; inner hooks with nine or ten setae, the spine-like pro- 
jection almost obsolete (fig. 140). 

Measurements—Length of larvae, 19 to 22 mm., width at the 
third abdominal segment, 2.2 to 2.4 mm.; diameter of ocellus 2, 0.33 
to 0.35 mm.; distance between ocelli 1 and 2, 0.28 to 0.30 mm.; 


46 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 65. 


length of fronto-clypeo-labral area, 1.55 to 1.65 mm., width, 1.55 to 
1.65 mm.; length of pronotum, 1.7 to 1.9 mm., width, 2.8 to 3 mm. 

This species is easily distinguished by the large number of setae 
on the inner hooks. The larvae were collected at Galveston, Texas, 
on Denver Beach, a short distance back from the shore line in sandy 
soil with scattered vegetation, the larvae occuring in the open places. 
The holes were from 9 to 10 inches deep. 


CICINDELA FORMOSA Say. 
Figs. 74, 111, and 141. 
SHELFORD, not reared, larvae in the collection of the University of Illinois. 


Color.—Head and pronotum chestnut brown with a color patterr: 
of lighter areas; setae on dorsal aspect of head and pronotum trans- 
parent to white, the other setae brown. 

Head.—Setae on dorsal aspect long, stout, and prominent; diam- 
eter of ocellus 2 distinctly less than the distance between ocelli 1 and 
2; fronto-clypeo-labral area as long as broad; U-shaped ridge on 
caudal part of frons bearing three setae; antenna with the proximal 
segment slightly shorter than the second, the third one-half and the 
distal one-fourth the length of the second, the proximal segment 
with five or six setae and the second with nine or ten; maxilla with 
the proximal segment of the galea bearing four setae on the mesal 
margin, maxillary palpus three-segmented; ligula with four fine 
setae arranged in a transverse row at the ventro-distal end, proximal 
segment of labial palpus with two spine-like projections on the 
ventro-distal margin and with three setae on the mesal side and two 
on the lateral side of these spines, the proximal segment with five 
setae and the distal segment with one. 

Thoravx.—Pronotum with the cephalo-lateral angles extending al- 
most as far cephalad as the mesal portion, lateral margins carinate, 
primary setae not large or prominent, setae 5 and 6 wanting, second- 
ary setae wanting (fig. 74). 

Abdomen.—Chitinized areas distinct, secondary setae about one- 
half the length of the primary setae, fine and not numeous (fig. 
111); ninth abdominal sternum with the caudal margin bearing 
two groups of four setae each; median hooks with two setae; inner 
hooks with four setae, the spinelike projection one-third the length 
of the hook (fig. 141). 

Measurements.—Length of the larvae, 24 to 26 mm., width at the 
third abdominal segment, 3.4 to 3.6 mm.; diameter of ocellus 2, 0.33 
to 0.34 mm.; distance between ocelli 1 and 2, 0.39 to 0.40 mm.; length 
of fronto-clypeo-labral area, 2.5 to 2.6 mm., width, 2.5 to 2.6 mm.; 
length of pronotum, 2.9 to 3 mm., width 4.2 to 4.5 mm. 


ART. 17. LARVAE OF HOLARCTIC TIGER-BEETLES—-HAMILTON. 47 


Larvae were collected at Salida, Colorado, in a sand dune near 
water along the Arkansas River and from Benkelman, Nebraska, 
on the south fork of the Republican River in the crest of sand dunes. 
At Salida, Colorado, the sand was coarse and fine mixed and had 
probably been deposited by high water. The holes were vertical 
and about 22 inches deep. The burrows have a pit similar to those 
of Cicindela formosa generosa found around Chicago, Tlinois, and 
Pines, Indiana. 

CICINDELA FORMOSA GENEROSA Dejean. 


Figs. 49, 50, 51, 88, 89, 90, and 142. 


SHELFORD, reared, larvae in the collection of the University of Illinois, 
the U. 8S. National Museum, and the author’s collection. 
1908, SHetrorp, Journ. Linn. Soe. Lond., Zool., vol. 30, p. 172. 

Color-—Head and pronotum chestnut brown with a color pattern 
of lighter areas; setae on dorsal aspect of head and pronotum trans- 
parent to white, the other setae brown. 

Head.—Setae on dorsal aspect long, stout, and prominent; diam- 
eter of ocellus 2 distinctly less than the distance between ocelli 1 
and 2: fronto-clypeo-labral area as long as broad; U-shaped ridge 
on caudal part of frons bearing three setae; antenna with the proxi- 
mal segment slightly shorter than the second, the third one-half and 
the distal one-third the length of the second, the proximal segment 
with six or seven setae and the second, with nine or ten; maxilla 
with the proximal segment of the galea bearing four setae on its 
mesal margin, maxillary palpus three-segmented; ligula with four 
fine setae arranged in a transverse row at its ventro-distal end, 
proximal segment of labial palpus with two spinelike projections 
on the ventro-distal margin and with three setae on the mesal and 
two on the lateral side of these spines, the proximal segment with 
five setae and the distal segment with one. 

Thoraz.—Pronotum with the cephalo-lateral angles not extending 
as far cephalad as the mesal portion, the lateral margins slightly 
carinate, primary setae not large and prominent, seta 6 wanting. 
secondary setae wanting (fig. 51). 

Abdomen.—Chitinized areas distinct, secondary setae almost as 
long as the primary setae, slender and numerous (fig. 90); ninth 
abdominal sternum with the caudal margin bearing two groups of 
four setae each; median hooks with three setae; inner hooks with 
four setae, the spinelike projection one-third the length of the hook 
(fig. 142). 

Measurements Length of larvae, 22 to 24 mm.; width at the 
. third abdominal segment, 3 to 3.3 mm.; diameter of ocellus 2, 0.30 
to 0.32 mm.; distance between ocelli 1 and 2, 0.37 to 0.40 mm. ; length 


48 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 65. 


of fronto-clypeo-labral area, 2.2 to 2.4 mm., width, 2.2 to 2.4 mm.; 
length of pronotum, 2.4 to 2.7 mm.; width, 3.6 to 4.2 mm. 

The larvae of this species are similar to those of Cincindela for- 
mosa but can be distinguished from them by the smaller average 
width of the pronotum, the lack of a color pattern on the pronotum 
and the presence of three setae on the median hooks. 

The adults emerge from hibernation in April or May and lay eggs 
in May or June in sandy soil which is slightly shifting. The eggs 
hatch in June and the larvae reach the third instar by the latter 
part of August or the first of September. They close their bur- 
rows the latter part of September or the first of October and go 
into hibernation, appearing again in the spring. Pupation takes 
place in June or July and some of the adults emerge from the pupal 
chamber during the summer while the remainder stay in the pupal 
chamber until the following spring. The adults appear in April 
or May, become sexually mature in about a month, lay eggs, and die. 

The larvae of this species are very noticeable because of their 
peculiar burrows. The main part of the burrow is from 12 to 20 
inches deep and vertical throughout the greater part of its course. 
About two-thirds of an inch from the top the burrow curves sharply 
to a horizontal position and opens into a small pit. This construc- 
tion serves to keep the sand, which is always slightly shifting, from 
filling up the burrow and also serves as a trap for catching insects. 
The larva cements the sand immediately around the opening with 
saliva which keeps it from caving in. The pupal chamber is an 
oblique side cavity about 4 inches below the surface. The upper 
part and much of the lower part of the burrow is filled with sand 
which is taken from the cavity. 

Larvae were collected along the sand dunes of Lake Michigan, 
near Chicago, on the leeward side of the first ridge where the bunch 
grass has come in and the cottonwoods are old with occasional seed- 
ings of pine. They reach their greatest abundance among the young 
pines but rarely invade the denser growths. 


CICINDELA SCUTELLARIS LECONTEI Haldeman. 
Figs. 75, 112, and 143. 


SHELFORD, reared, larvae in the collection of the University of Illinois, the 
U. S. National Museum and the author’s collection. 
1908, SHELFORD, Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond., Zool., vol. 30, p. 172. 


Color—Head and pronotum purplish bronze with a green reflec- 
tion; setae on dorsal aspect of head and pronotum white, the other 
setae brown. 

Head.—Setae on dorsal aspect long, stout, and prominent; di- 
ameter of ocellus 2 equal to the distance between ocelli 1 and 2; 





art.17. LARVAE OF HOLARCTIC TIGER-BEETLES—HAMILTON. 49 


fronto-clypeo-labral area as long as broad; U-shaped ridge on caudal 
part of frons bearing three setae; antenna with the proximal seg- 
ment subequal in length to the second, the third two-thirds and the 
distal one-half the length of the second, the proximal segment with 
five or six setae and the second with ten to twelve; maxilla with the 
proximal segment of the galea bearing three setae on its mesal 
margin, maxillary palpus three-segmented; ligula with four fine 
setae arranged in a transverse row at the ventro-distal end, proximal 
segment of labial palpus with three spine-like projections on the 
ventro-distal margin and with two setae on each side of these spines, 
the proximal segment with four setae and the distal segment with 
one. 

Thorax.—Pronotum with the cephalo-lateral angles extending 
almost as far cephalad as the mesal portion, lateral margins carinate, 
primary setae large and prominent, secondary setae small, not more 
than fifty in number, and with a row on each side of the meson 
(fig. 75). 

Abdomen.—Chitinized areas distinct, most of the secondary setae 
short, fine, and numerous (fig. 112) ; ninth abdominal sternum with 
the caudal margin bearing two groups of four setae each; median 
hooks with three setae; inner hooks usually with four setae but occa- 
sionally with three, the spine-like projection one-third the length 
of the hook (143). 

Measurements.—Lenegth of larvae, 20 to 24 mm., width at the third 
abdominal segment, 2.4 to 2.8 mm.; diameter of ocellus 2, 0.27 to 
0.30 mm.; distance between ocelli 1 and 2, 0.27 to 0.30 mm.; length 
of fronto-clypeo-labral area, 1.7 to 1.8 mm., width, 1.7 to 1.8 mm.; 
length of pronotum, 1.7 to 2 mm., width, 2.8 to 3.2 mm. 

The life history of this species is similar to that of C%cindela 
purpurea graminea. The adults appear later in the spring and 
remain later in the summer. The eggs are laid and the larvae found 
in dry sand which contains some humus. Along Lake Michigan, 
near Chicago, the larvae were found further back than those of 
Cicindela formosa generosa. They were found in the greatest abund- 
ance where the oaks begin to displace the pines. 


CICINDELA CUPRASCENS MACRA LeConte. 
Figs. 153, 165, and 172. 
SHELFORD, first and second stages reared, third stage not reared, larvae 
in the collection of the University of Illinois. 


Color.—Head and pronotum bright bronze with a faint green 
and purple reflection, lateral margins of pronotum light yellow; 


50 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. Vou. 65. 


setae on dorsal aspect of head and pronotum white, the other setae 
transparent or brown. 

Head.—Seitae on dorsal aspect medium length, stout, and con- 
spicuous; diameter of ocellus 2 slightly greater than the distance 
between ocelli 1 and 2; fronto-clypeo-labral area slightly wider than 
long; U-shaped ridge on caudal part of frons bearing three setae; 
antenna with the proximal and second segments subequal in length, 
the third two-thirds, and the fourth slightly less than one-half the 
length of the second, the proximal segment with seven or eight setae 
and the second with nine or ten; maxilla with the proximal segment 
of the galea bearing three setae on its mesal margin, maxillary palpus 
three-segmented; ligula with four fine setae arranged in a trans- 
verse row at its ventro-distal end, proximal segment of labial palpus 
with three spinelike projections on its ventro-distal margin and with 
two setae on each side of these spines, the proximal segment with 
four setae and the distal segment with one. 

Thorax.—Pronotum with the cephalo-lateral angles extending as 
far cephalad as the mesal portion, lateral margins slightly carinate, 
primary setae medium size, prominent; secondary setae not more 
than 20 in number, not prominent (fig. 153). 

Abdomen.—Chitinized areas not distinct, secondary setae about 
as numerous as primary setae and one-third to one-half as long (fig. 
165) ; ninth abdominal sternum with the caudal margin bearing two 
groups of 4 setae each; median hooks with 3 and sometimes 4 setae; 
inner hooks with 2 setae, the spinelike projections slightly less 
than one-half the length of the hook (fig. 172). 

Measurements —Length of larvae, 18 to 20 mm., width at the 
third abdominal segment, 2 to 2.5 mm.; diameter of ocellus 2, 0.36 
to 0.37 mm., distance between ocelli 1 and 2, 0.35 to 0.36 mm.; length 
of fronto-clypeo-labral area, 2.07 mm.; width, 2.15 mm.; length of 
pronotum, 2.5 mm., width, 4.1 mm. 

The full-grown larvae used in this description were not reared 
but were taken from collections of Cicindela hirticollis. The first 
and second stages had been reared by Shelford and comparisons of 
these with the dug larvae permits of little, if any, doubt that the 
identification is correct. Shelford states that in the terrigenous 
margin of Lake Michigan the adults of Cicindela cuprascens are 
found associated with those of Cicindela hirticollis. They frequent 
the moist clean sand with little or no humus. He was never able to 
find the larvae, due perhaps to the fact that these larvae do not 
smooth the edges of their holes. The burrows of the reared first 
and second stages and the ones collected by the author are shallow 
and similar to those of Cicindela hirticollis. 








art.17. LARVAE OF HOLARCTIC TIGER-BEETLES—HAMILTON,. 51 


CICINDELA PULCHRA Say. 
Figs. 76, 113, and 144. 
SHELForD, not reared, larvae in the collection of the University of Illinois. 


Color—Head and pronotum dark purple with a dark green re- 
flection; setae on dorsal aspect of head and pronotum white, the 
other setae brown. 

Head.—Setae on dorsal aspect long, stout and prominent; di- 
ameter of ocellus 2 greater than the distance between ocelli 1 and 2: 
fronto-clypeo-labral area as long as broad; U-shaped ridge on 
caudal part of frons bearing 3 setae; antenna with the proximal 
segment slightly shorter than the second, the third one-half and the 
distal slightly more than one-third the length of the second, the 
proximal segment with 5 or 6 setae and the second with 9 
or 10; maxilla with the proximal segment of the galea bearing 
3 setae on its mesal margin, maxillary palpus three-segmented ; 
ligula with 4 fine setae arranged in a transverse row at the ventro- 
distal end, proximal segment of labial palpus with 3. spine- 
like projections on the ventro-distal margin and with 2 setae on 
each side of these spines, the proximal segment with 4 setae and 
the distal segment with 1. 

Thorav.—Pronotum with the cephalo-lateral angles extending as 
far cephalad as the mesal portion, lateral margins slightly carinate, 
primary setae not large or prominent, secondary setae small and 
not over fifteen in number (fig. 76.) 

Abdomen.—Chitinized areas distinct, secondary setae short, small 
and not numerous (fig. 113); ninth abdominal sternum with the 
caudal margin bearing 2 groups of 4 setae each; median hooks with 
2 setae; inner hooks with 2 setae, the spinelike projection one-half 
the length of the hook (fig. 144). 

Measurements —Length of larvae, 21 to 23 mm., width at the third 
abdominal] segment, 3 to 3.4 mm.; diameter of ocellus 2, 0.33 to 0.37 
mm.; distance between ocelli 1 and 2, 0.30 to 0.32 mm.; length of 
fronto-clypeo-labral area, 1.9 to 2.1 mm., width, 1.9 to 2.1 mm.; 
length of pronotum, 2.3 to 2.5 mm., width, 3.7 to 4 mm. 

The larvae were collected at Alberquerque, New Mexico, near the 
upper end of an arroya in moist, adobe soil. The holes were vertical 
and from 4 to 8 inches deep. 


CICINDELA OBSOLETA Say. 
Figs. 158, 169, and 179. 
HAMILTON, not reared, larvae deposited in the U. S. National Museum and 
the author’s collection. 
Color—Head and pronotum a dark purple with a bluish green 
reflection; setae on dorsal aspect of head and pronotum white, the 
other setae brown. 


52 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 65. 


Head.—Setae on dorsal aspect long, stout, and prominent; di- 
ameter of ocellus 2 greater than the distance between ocelli 1 and 2; 
fronto-clypeo-labral area as long as broad; U-shaped ridge on 
caudal part of frons bearing 3 setae; antenna with the proximal 
segment slightly shorter than the second, the third two-thirds and the 
distal slightly less than one-half the length of the second, the 
proximal segment with 5 or 6 setae and the second with 9 
or 10; maxilla with the proximal segment of the galea bearing 3 
setae on its mesal margin, maxillary palpus three-segmented; ligula 
with 4 fine setae arranged in a transverse row at its ventro-distal 
end, proximal segment of labial palpus with 3 spinelike projections 
on the ventro-distal margin and with 2 setae on each side of these 
spines, the proximal segment with 4 setae and the distal segment 
with 1. 

Thorax.—Pronotum with the cephalo-lateral angles not extending 
as far cephalad as the mesal portion, lateral margins carinate, pri- 
mary setae not large or distinct, secondary setae small, inconspicuous 
and not over 15 in number (fig. 158). 

Abdomen.—Chitinized areas distinct; secondary setae short, small 
and not numerous (fig. 169) ; ninth abdominal sternum with the cau- 
dal margin bearing two groups of four setae each; median hooks with 
two setae; inner hooks with two setae, the spinelike projection one- 
half or more the length of the hook (fig. 179). 

Measurements.—Length of larvae, 23 to 27 mm., width at the third 
abdominal segment, 8 to 4 mm.; diameter of ocellus 2, 0.37 to 0.389 
mm.; distance between ocelli 1 and 2, 0.30 to 0.82 mm.; length of 
fronto-clypeo-labral area, 2.1 to 2.2 mm., width, 2.1 to 2.2 mm.; 
length of pronotum, 2.7 to 2.8 mm., width, 4.3 to 4.5 mm. 

This species is very similar to Cicindela pulchra and differs from 
it principally in the slightly larger size as is shown by the head 
measurements, the cephalo-lateral angles not extending as far 
cephalad as the mesal portion, a slightly different arrangement of 
the setae on the third abdominal segment and the form of the mesal 
hooks. 

Larvae were not reared and the determination given is not final. 
It is possible that the species here described may be Cicindela pul- 
chra and the one described as pulchra may be obsoleta. 

The larvae were collected at Haswell, Colorado, on the’prairie in 
adobe or slightly gravelly soil. The burrows were located in the bare 
spaces between tufts of grass, they were from 5 to 7 inches deep, 
slightly spiral, with the bottom often enlarged to about three-eighths 
of an inch in diameter. 

Of 34 larvae collected on August 25, 1916, 4 were parasitized 
with 7 parasites. Two had one parasite each, another larva had 


ART. 17. LARVAE OF HOLARCTIC TIGER-BEETLES—-HAMILTON. 53 


2 parasites and a fourth larva had three parasites attached. The 
larval parasites were attached on the side of the abdomen between 
the second and sixth abdominal segments. No uniformity appeared 
to exist as to the point or method of attachment. 

The parasites were Dipterous larvae about one-sixteenth to one- 
eighth of an inch long. They are probably those of the bee-fly, Spo- 
gostylum anale, which Shelford describes as parasitizing Cicindela 
scutellaris lecontet. 


CICINDELA HYBRIDA Linnaeus. 
Figs. 154, 166, and 177. 


E. ROSENBERG, Seeland, Denmark, reared, larvae deposited in the United 
States National Museum by Dr. A. Boving. 

Color.—Head and pronotum bright purplish bronze with a green- 
ish blue reflection ; setae on dorsal aspect of head and pronotum white, 
the other setae brown. 

Head.—Setae on dorsal aspect long, slightly flattened and promi- 
nent; diameter of ocellus 2 equal to the distance between ocelli 1 
and 2; fronto-clypeo-labral area slightly wider than long; U-shaped 
ridge on caudel part of frons bearing three setae, the middle one 
indistinct; antenna with the proximal and second segments sub- 
equal, the third two-thirds and the distal one-half the length of the 
second, the proximal segment with five or six setae and the second with 
9 or 10; maxilla with the proximal segment of the galea bearing 
three setae on its mesal margin, maxillary palpus three-segmented ; 
ligula with four fine setae arranged in a transverse row at the ventro- 
distal end, proximal segment of labial palpus with three spinelike 
projections on the ventro-distal margin and with two setae on each 
side of these spines, the proximal segment with four setae and the 
distal segment with one. 

Thorax.—-Pronotum with the cephalo-lateral angles extending as 
far cephalad as the mesal portion, lateral margins carinate, primary 
setae not large or distinct, secondary setae short, slightly flattened 
and numerous (fig. 154). 

Abdomen.—Chitinized areas distinct, secondary setae short, small 
and not numerous (fig. 166); ninth abdominal sternum with the 
caudal margin bearing two groups of four setae each; median hooks 
with four setae; inner hooks with two setae, the spine-like projec- 
tion not more than one-fifth the length of the hook (fig. 177). 

Measurements.—Length of larvee, 20 to 23 mm., width at the third 
abdominal segment, 2.5 to 3.9 mm.; diameter of ocellus 2, 0.26 to 0.28 
mm.; distance between ocelli 1 and 2, 0.26 to 0.28 mm.; length of 
fronto-clypeo-labral area, 1.65 to 1.75 mm., width, 1.95 to 2.05 mm. ; 
length of pronotum, 2.1 to 2.8 mm., width 3.4 to 3.6 mm. 


54 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 65. 


This species is a European form and may be distinguished from 
its nearest forms by the four distinct setae on the median hooks, the 
number of setae on the pronotum, and the shape of the inner hooks. 


CICINDELA HYBRIDA MARITIMA Dejean. 
Figs. 155, 167, and 176. 
Horn, W., reared, larve in the collection of the University of Illinois. 


Color—Head and pronotum bright coppery bronze with a green 
reflection; setae on dorsal aspect of head and pronotum white, the 
other setae transparent or brown. 

Head.—Setae on dorsal aspect short and not conspicuous; diameter 
of ocellus 2 sub-equal to the distance between ocelli 1 and 2; fronto- 
clypeo-labral area slightly wider than long; U-shaped ridge on caudal 
part of frons bearing three or more setae; antenna with the proximal 
segment slightly shorter than the second, the third two-thirds and the 
fourth slightly less than one-half the length of the second, the proxi- 
mal and second segments each with twelve to fourteen setae; maxilla 
with the proximal segment of the galea bearing three setae on its 
mesal margin, maxillary palpus three-segmented; ligula with four 
fine setae on the ventro-distal end arranged in a transverse row, 
proximal segment of labial palpus with three spine-like projections 
on the ventro-distal margin and with two setae on each side of these 
spines, the proximal segment with four setae and the distal segment 
with one. 

Thorax.—Pronotum with the cephalo-lateral angles extending as 
far cephalad as the cephalo-mesal portion, lateral margins carinate, 
primary setae slightly longer than the secondary setae and not con- 
spicuous, secondary setae short, conspicuous, slightly flattened and 
numerous (fig. 155). 

Abdomen.—Chitinized areas distinct; secondary setae few, short, 
and inconspicuous (fig. 167); ninth abdominal sternum with the 
caudal margin bearing two groups of three setae each; median 
hooks with three setae; inner hooks with two setae, the spine-like 
projection about one-third the length of the hook (fig. 176). 

Measurements.—Length of larvae, 15 to 18 mm.; width at the 
third abdominal segment, 1.7 to 2 mm.; diameter of ocellus 2, 0.29 
to 0.81 mm.; distance between ocelli 1 and 2, 0.29 to 0.31 mm.; 
length of fronto-clypeo-labral area, 1.7 to 1.8 mm.; width, 1.9 to 
2.1 mm.; length of pronotum, 2 to 2.1 mm.; width, 3.2 to 3.6 mm. 

This is an European species and is given as a variety of Cicindela 
hybrida. It may be separated from the preceding by the larger 
number of setae on the proximal and second segments of the antennae 
and by the larger number of setae on the pronotum, also by the 





art.17. LARVAE OF HOLARCTIC TIGER-BEETLES—HAMILTON. 55 


ninth abdominal sternum with the caudal margin bearing two 
groups of three instead of four setae and by the longer spine-like 
projection of the inner hook. 


CICINDELA HIRTICOLLIS Say. 
Figs. 55, 56, 57, 91, 92, 93, and 146. 


SHELFORD, reared, larvae in the collection of the University of Illinois, 
the U. S. National Museum, and the author’s collection. 
1908, SHELFORD, Journ. Linn. Soe. Lond., Zool., vol. 30, p. 172. 

Color—Head and pronotum a bright coppery color with a green 
reflection; setae on dorsal aspect of head and pronotum white, the 
other setae brown. 

Head.—Setae on dorsal aspect short, somewhat flattened, numer- 
ous and prominent; diameter of ocellus 2 slightly greater than the 
distance between ocelli 1 and 2; fronto-clypeo-labral area wider than 
long; U-shaped ridge on caudal part of frons bearing three setae; 
antenna with the proximal segment slightly shorter than the sec- 
ond, the third three-fourths and the distal one-half the length of 
the second, the proximal segment with seven to nine setae and the 
second with ten to twelve; maxilla with the proximal segment of 
the galea bearing three setae on its mesal margin, maxillary palpus 
three-segmented; lgula with four fine setae arranged in a trans- 
verse row at the ventro-distal end, proximal segment of labial 
palpus with three spine-like projections on the ventro-distal mar- 
gin and with two setae on each side of these spines; the proximal 
segment with four setae and the distal segment with one. 

Thorav.—Pronotum with the cephalo-lateral angles not extending 
as far cephalad as the mesal portion, lateral margins slightly cari- 
nate, primary setae not easily distinguished from the secondary setae, 
secondary setae short, flattened and numerous (fig. 57). 

Abdomen.—Chitinized areas distinct, secondary setae short, few 
and not prominent (fig. 93); ninth abdominal sternum with the 
caudal margin bearing two groups of three setae each; median hooks 
with two setae; inner hooks with two setae, the spinelike projection 
about one-fourth the length of the hook (fig. 146). 

Measurements.—Length of larvae, 17 to 19 mm., width at the third 
abdominal segment, 2.2 to 2.4 mm.; diameter of ocellus 2, 0.30 to 
0.338 mm.; distance between ocelli 1 and 2, 0.27 to 0.30 mm.; length 
ef fronto-clypeo-labral area, 1.4 to 1.6 mm; width, 1.8 to 2 mm.; 
length of pronotum, 1.8 to 2.1 mm; width, 2. 9. to 3.2. mm. 

The larvae of this species are rather distinctive and easily recog- 
nized by the large number of white, flattened or scalelike setae on 
the pronotum. The only other American larva studied which re- 
sembles it in this respect is Cicindela limbata which has only about 





56 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM, VoL. 65. 


half as many setae on the pronotum and which are not so distinctly 
flattened. 

The larvae are very restricted in their habitat, occurring only in 
moist, clean sand which has very little or no humus, as on the beach 
of Lake Michigan. The burrows are vertical and about 5 inches 
deep. The eggs are deposited in late June or July and the larvae 
reach the third instar some time in September, close their burrows 
in October and hibernate. The burrows are opened in May of the 
following year and the larvae pupate in June or July. The adults 
emerge in August, hibernate over the winter and become sexually 
mature the following spring. 


CICINDELA LIMBATA Say. 
Figs. 77, 114, and 145. 
SHELFORD, not reared, larve in the collection of the University of Illinois. 


Color—Head and pronotum bright coppery bronze, with a green 
or blue reflection; setae on dorsal aspect of head and pronotum 
white, the other setae brown. 

Head.—Setae on dorsal aspect medium in length, slightly flattened 
and prominent; diameter of ocellus 2 distinctly greater than the 
distance between ocelli 1 and 2; fronto-clypeo-labral area as long 
as broad; U-shaped ridge on caudal part of frons bearing three 
setae; antenna with the proximal segment slightly shorter than the 
second, the third a little more than one-half and the distal one-third 
the length of the second, the proximal segment with 12 or 13 
setae and the second with 9 or 10; maxilla with the proximal seg- 
ment of the galea bearing three setae on its mesal margin, maxillary 
palpus three-segmented; ligula with four fine setae arranged in a 
transverse row at the ventro-distal end, proximal-segment of labial 
palpus with three spine-like projections on the ventro-distal margin 
and with two setae on each side of these spines, the proximal segment 
with four setae and the distal segment with one. 

Thorax.—Pronotum with the cephalo-lateral angles not extending 
as far cephalad as the mesal portion, lateral margins carinate, pri- 
mary setae not large or distinct, secondary setae short, slightly flat- 
tened and numerous (fig. 77). 

Abdomen.—Chitinized areas distinct, secondary setae short, small, 
and not numerous (fig. 114); ninth abdominal sternum with the 
caudal margin bearing two groups of 3 setae each; median hooks 
with 3 setae; inner hooks with 2 setae, the spinelike projection one- 
third the length of the hook (fig. 145). 

Measurements.—Length of larvae, 15 to 17 mm.; width at the third 
abdominal segment, 1.8 to 2 mm.; diameter of ocellus 2, 0.23 to 0.25 
mm.; distance between ocelli 1 and 2, 0.20 to 0.21 mm.; length of 


ART. 17. LARVAE OF HOLARCTIC TIGER-BEETLES—HAMILTON, 5Y 


fronto-clypeo-labral area, 1.45 to 1.55 mm.; width, 1.45 to 1.55 mm.; 
Jength of pronotum, 1.5 to 1.6 mm.; width, 2.4 to 2.6 mm. 

The larvae were collected at Wray, Colorado, in bare, white sand 
blowouts. The burrows were straight or slightly spiral, from 10 to 
14 inches deep, and occurred in clusters of a dozen or more to the 
square foot. The larvae of Cicindela lepida were dug from the same 
situations. 

Criddle (1907) states that the larvae occur in large, sandy blow- 
outs with scant vegetation. They are also sometimes found in small 
patches of shifting soil but are always much more plentiful in white 
sand, which is constantly drifting. The depth of the burrows 
varied from 7 to 17 inches. The life cycle requires 3 years at 
Aweme, Manitoba, approximately 2 years are required for the 
larval stage and 1 year for the adult stage. He also writes that 
the larvae are able to withstand much more cold than the adults, the 
larvae remaining out until the latter part of October. 


2. Genus TETRACHA Hope. 


Head with the ridge on caudal part of frons transverse and con- 
tinuous with the ridge on the caudal part of the vertex; latero- 
clypeus distinct, crescent-shaped ; anterior margin of labrum smooth; 
ocelli 1 and 2 subequal in size; ocelli 3 and 4 not adjacent; ocelli 5 
and 6 present; antenna separated from the mandible by a narrow, 
transverse, chitinized bar, the second segment not longer than the 
other segments combined; maxilla with the ventral sclerite of the 
cardo triangular and bearing one large and one small seta; lacinia 
apparently absent; maxillary palpus three-segmented, the proximal 
segment the shortest, the second and distal segments subequal in 
length, the proximal segment with a spine on the latero-distal end; 
labio-stipites concave and with a prominent carina on the lateral 
and caudal margins; ligula not chitinized on the ventral aspect ; 
palpiger area membranous and without chitinized sclerites; labial 
palpus with the proximal segment shorter than the distal segment 
and without spinelike projections on its ventro-distal end, the proxi- 
mal segment with 6 to 8 setae and the distal segment with 1; fifth 
abdominal segment with the inner and median hooks present, the 
lateral hooks wanting, median hooks straight, thornlike, and bearing 
1 or 2 stout setae; inner hooks similar in shape to the median hooks, 
about one-half their length, and bearing 2 fine, inconspicuous setae. 
Legs with distinct, movable tarsal claws. 

This genus is represented by two species from the United States, 
both of which occur in the southern and southeastern part, and one 
species from Europe. In many respects the larvae are very closely 
related to those of the genus Cicindela. They can be separated from 

45554—25— Proc.N.M.vol.65——35 


58 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 65. 


them by the transverse ridge on the caudal part of the frons and its 
connection with the ridge on the caudal part of the vertex, the 
length of the segments of the maxillary palpus, the shape of the 
labium, the length of the segments of the labial palpus, and by the 
hooks on the fifth abdominal segment. 


TABLE TO THB SPECIBS OF THB GENUS TETRACHA. 


Median hooks each with but a single stout seta; lateral and caudal margins 


of: pronotum™speathy” whites = wae ee a ee ul 
Median hooks each with two short, stout setae; lateral and caudal margins of 
PronotuM Drowns se sas GAO el ae eae eS eee euphratica, p. 58. 


1. Diameter of ocellus 2 slightly greater than the distance between ocelli 1 and 
2; pronotum less than four millimeters in width, color of pronotum a dark 
purple; secondary setae on abdomen not numerous and found only on the 
chitinized areas oe ae a ee carolina, p. 59. 

Diameter of ocellus 2 slightly less than the distance between ocelli 1 and 2; 
pronotum 4.5 mm. or more in width, color a dark purplish bronze with a 
green reflection ; secondary setae on abdomen numerous and found between 

as well as upon the chitinized areas_____--___-__________ virginica, p. 60. 


DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES. 
TETRACHA EUPHRATICA Latrielle and Dejean. 
Figs. 156 and 168. 


MAyET, reared, larvae deposited in the U. S. National Museum by Dr. 
A. Boving. 

Color.—Head and pronotum a purplish bronze, head with a dis- 
tinct blue reflection, lateral and caudal margin of pronotum dark 
brown; setae brown. 

Head.—Setae on dorsal aspect long and prominent; diameter of 
ocellus 2 distinctly greater than the distance between ocelli 1 and 2; 
fronto-clypeo-labral area longer than wide; transverse ridge on 
caudal part of frons with three setae; antenna with the proximal 
segment slightly longer than the second, the third one-half and the 
distal slightly more than one-fourth the length of the second, the 
proximal and second segments each with 12 to 14 setae; maxilla 
with the proximal segment of the galea bearing 4 stout setae on 
its mesal margin; (labium damaged so that characters could not be 
described). 

Thorax.—Pronotum with the cephalo-lateral angles extending 
almost as far cephalad as the mesal portion, lateral margins very 
slightly carinate; primary setae large and prominent, secondary 
setae small and not numerous (fig. 156). 

Abdomen.—Chitinized areas distinct, secondary setae short, fine, 
and moderately numerous, few occurring between the chitinized areas 
(fig. 168); median hooks with two prominent setae; inner hooks 
slightly more than one-half the length of the median hooks, and 
with two fine, inconspicuous setae; two prominent setae cephalad of 


arT.17. LARVAE OF HOLARCTIC TIGER-BEETLES—HAMILTON. 59 


the inner hooks and mesad of the distal half of the median hooks 
arranged transversely. 

Measurements.—Length of larva, 28 to 30 mm., width at the third 
abdominal segment, 3.5 to 4 mm.; diameter of ocellus 2, 0.65 mm.; 
distance between ocelli 1 and 2, 0.45 mm.; length of fronto-clypeo- 
labral area, 3.8 mm.; width, 3 mm.; length of pronotum, 3.8 mm.; 
width, 4.9 mm. 

This larva is an European form and can be distinguished from the 
American species by the absence of the pearly white color on the 
lateral and caudal margins of the pronotum, by the greater propor- 
tional diameter of ocellus 2 to the distance between ocelli 1 and 2, 
and by the two prominent setae on the median hooks. 


TETRACHA CAROLINA Linnaeus. 
Figs. 2, 9, 15, 18, 24, 29, 34, 43, 80, and 116. 


SHELFORD, reared, larvae in collection at University of Illinois, the U. S. 
National Museum, and author’s collection. 

Color.—Head and pronotum dark purple with a green reflection, 
lateral and caudal margins of pronotum pearly white; setae brown, 
some of those on the head and pronotum occasionally white. 

Head.—Setae on dorsal aspect long, slightly flattened, and promi- 
nent; diameter of ocellus 2 slightly greater than the distance between 
ocelli 1 and 2; fronto-clypeo-labral area longer than wide; trans- 
verse ridge on caudal part of frons with three setae; antenna with 
the proximal segment slightly longer than the second, the third 
shightly more than one-half, and the distal slightly less than one- 
half the length of the second, setae long and stout, the proximal seg- 
ment with nine to eleven setae and the second with eleven to thirteen ; 
maxilla with the proximal segment of the galea bearing four setae on 
its mesal margin; ligula with four fine setae at its ventro-distal end 
not in a transverse row, the two mesal setae caudad of the lateral 
ones, proximal segment of the labial palpus with six or seven setae, 
the distal segment with one. 

Thorax—Pronotum with the cephalo-lateral angles extending 
cephalad of the mesal portion, lateral margins slightly carinate, pri- 
mary setae large and prominent, secondary setae small and not nu- 
merous (fig. 80). 

Abdomen.—Chitinized areas distinct, secondary setae short, fine, 
not numerous, few occurring between the chitinized areas (fig. 116) ; 
median hooks with a single prominent setae; inner hooks about one- 
half the length of the median hooks and with two fine, inconspicuous 
setae; three prominent setae cephalad of the mesal hooks and mesad 
of the distal half of the inner hooks usually forming a longitudinal 
row. 


60 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 65. 


Measurements.—Length of larvae, 25 to 30 mm.; width at the third 
abdominal segment, 3 to 4 mm.; diameter of ocellus 2, 0.40 to 0.43 
mim.; distance between ocelli 1 and 2, 0.37 to 0.40 mm.; length of 
fronto-clypeo-labral area, 2.3 to 2.5 mm.; width, 2 to 2.2 mm.; length 
of pronotum, 2.4 to 2.6 mm.; width, 3.5 to 3.8 mm. 

Larvae have been collected from a variety of situations and they 
are not as restricted in their habitat as most of the larvae of the 
Cicindelidae. Dr. V. E. Shelford has dug the larvae at Yuma, 
Arizona; Galveston and Houston, Texas; Mobile, Alabama; and 
Columbus, Georgia. Those dug at Houston, Texas, were taken from 
bare, artificially exposed soil of a fine moldable nature, not sticky. 
At Galveston, Texas, the larvae were dug along the beach from moist 
sand covered with a scattered growth of vegetation. Those collected 
at Columbus, Georgia, were dug from moist, clayey soil. A. H. 
Manee collected the larvae at Southern Pines, North Carolina, from 
hard, stony, and gravely soil, clayey soil, and moist, loose black soil. 
The openings to the burrows are large, the burrows straight or 
slightly inclined from the vertical, and from 8 to 12 inches deep. 


TETRACHA VIRGINICA Linnaeus. 
Vigs. 79 and 117. 


MANEE, reared, larvae in the collection of the University of Illinois, U. S. 
National Museum and the author’s collection. 

Color.—Head and pronotum very dark bronze with a green reflec- 
tion, lateral and caudal margins of pronotum pearly white; setae 
brown, some of those on the head and pronotum occasionally white. 

Head.—Setae on dorsal aspect long, slightly flattened and promi- 
nent; diameter of ocellus 2 slightly less than the distance between 
ocelli 1 and 2; fronto-clypeo-labral area longer than wide; transverse 
ridge on caudal part of frons bearing three setae; antenna with the 
proximal segment slightly longer than the second, the third one-half 
and the distal slightly less than one-half the length of the second, the 
proximal segment with 11 to 13 setae and the second with 10 to 11; 
maxilla with the proximal segment of the galea bearing four setae 
on its mesal margin; ligula with four fine setae at its ventro-distal 
end not arranged:in‘a transverse row, the two mesal setae caudad of 
the lateral ones; proximal segment of the labial palpus with five to 
seven setae and the distal segment with one. 

Thoraz—Pronotum with the cephalo-lateral angles extending cep- 
halad of the mesal portion, lateral margins slightly carinate, primary 
setae large and prominent, secondary setae small and not numerous 
(fig. 79). 

Abdomen.—Chitinized areas distinct; secondary setae numerous, 
part of them long and slender, the others short and fine and occurring 











art.17. LARVAE OF HOLARCTIC TIGER-BEETLES—-HAMILTON. 61 


between the chitinized areas (fig. 117); median hooks with a single 
prominent seta; inner hooks about one-half the length of the median 
hooks and with two fine, inconspicuous setae; two of the large setae 
cephalad of the mesal hooks and mesad of the distal half of the 
median hooks usually forming a transverse or almost. transverse row. 

Measurements—Length of larvae, 28 to 30 mm., width at the 
third abdominal segment, 4 to 5 mm.; diameter of ocellus 2, 0.46 
to 0.43 mm.; distance between ocelli 1 and 2, 0.48 to 0.50 mm.; length 
of fronto-clypeo-labral area, 2.75 to 2.85 mm.; width, 2.45 to 2.55 
mm.; length of pronotum, 2.9 to 3.2 mm.; width, 4 to 4.5 mm. 

This species is similar to 7’etracha carolina but can be separated 
from it by its larger size, the absence of a distinct purple color to the 
pronotum, the presence of a large number of secondary setae on the 
membranous area of the abdomen, and the different arrangement of 
the setae cephalad of the inner hooks and mesad of the distal halt 
of the median hooks. 

The larvae were collected at Southern Pines, North Carolina, by A. 
H. Manee in sandy and gravely soil, clayey soil, and in moist, loose, 
soil. They occurred in the same situations as 7’etracha carolina. 1 
have collected larvae at College Park, Maryland, from clayey and 
gravely soil along paths which were not frequently used. The open- 
ings to the burrows are about three-eighths of an inch in diameter, 
the burrows are straight or slightly inclined from the vertical and 
from 8 to 12 inches deep. 


3. Genus COLLYRIS Fabricius. 


Head with ridge on caudal part of frons U-shaped and not con- 
tinuous with the ridge on the caudal part of vertex, U-shaped ridge 
not prominent; latero-clypeus. distinct, crescent-shaped; anterior 
margin of the labrum narrow and rectangular; ocellus 1 about twice 
the diameter of ocellus 2, ocelli 3 and 4 subequal in size and adjacent, 
ocelli 5 and 6 wanting; antenna separated from the mandible by a 
narrow chitinized bar, the second segment not longer than the other 
segments combined; maxilla with the ventral segment of the cardo 
triangular, lacinia apparently absent, maxillary palpus two-seg- 
mented, the distal segment slightly the longest, the proximal segment 
without a spine on the latero-distal margin; labio-stipites with a 
shght furrow along the meson and without a carina on the lateral 
and caudal margins, ligula not chitinized on the ventral aspect, 
palpiger area with a single chitinized sclerite, labial palpus with 
the proximal and distal segments subequal in length, the proximal 
segment with two spinelike projections on its ventro-distal margin, 
the proximal segment with three or four setae and the distal seg- 


62 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 65. 


ment with one; fifth abdominal segment with the inner, median and 
lateral hooks present, the inner and median hooks short, bluntly 
thornlike and each bearing one or two setae, lateral hooks small, 
thornlike and produced at the anterior end of a chitinized area 
laterad of the median hooks. Legs without distinct, movable tarsal 
claws, the distal end of the tarsi produced into two blunt, pointed 
projections serving as claws. 


DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES. 
COLLYRIS EMARGINATUS Dejean or BONELLII Guerin. 
Figs. 185-196. 


Horn, W., not reared, larva in the collection of the University of [linois. 
From Buitenzorg, Java. 
SHELFORD, R., 1905, Proc. Entom. Soc. Lond., p. 72. 


Color—Head and pronotum chestnut brown with the region 
around the ocelli almost black; setae transparent. 

/Tead.—Setae on dorsal aspect fine and inconspicuous; diameter 
of ocellus 2 greater than the distance between ocelli 1 and 2; fronto- 
clypeo-labral area as long as broad; U-shaped ridge on caudal part 
of frons not prominent and bearing three fine inconspicuous setae; 
antenna with the proximal and third segments subequal in length, 
the second and distal segments also subequal in length and slightly 
shorter than either the proximal or third segments, the proximal 
and second segments each with five or six setae, the third with two 
setae and the distal with one; maxilla with the proximal segment of 
the galea bearing two setae on its mesal margin, maxillary palpus 
two-segmented, the proximal segment slightly shorter than the distal; 
ligula with four fine setae arranged in a transverse row at its ventro- 
distal end, proximal segment of labial palpus with two spine-like 
projections on its ventro-distal margin and with one seta on each 
side of these spines, the proximal segment with three setae and the 
distal segment with one. 

Thorax.—Pronotum with the cephalo-lateral angles extending dis- 
tinctly cephalad of the mesal chitinized portion and with an oval 
rounded mound on each lateral part, lateral margins not carinate, 
setae fine and inconspicuous (fig. 187). 

Abdomen.—Chitinized areas indistinct, setae fine and not numer- 
ous (figs. 185 and 186); ninth abdominal sternum with the caudal 
margin bearing two groups of three setae each; tenth abdominal 
segment with three spinelike projections on each caudo-lateral mar- 
gin; fifth abdominal segment with three pair of similar hooks, the 
inner and median hooks each with two fine inconspicuous setae 
(fig. 185). 


AkT.17. LARVAE OF HOLARCTIC TIGER-BEETLES—HAMILTON. 63 


Measurements.—Length of larvae, 10 to 12 mm., width at the third 
abdominal segment about 1.5 mm.; diameter of ocellus 2, 0.1. mm., 
distance between ocelli 1 and 2, 0.15 mm.; length of fronto-clypeo- 
labral area, 0.7 mm., width, 0.7 mm.; length of pronotum, 0.75 mm., 
width, 1.25 mm. 

Walter Horn, in the Genera Insectorum (fasc. 82, p. 99) states 
that Konigsberger (1897) discovered the larva in the Botanical 
Gardens of Buitenzorg (Java) living in the small twigs of the coffee 
tree. The larva hollows out a cavity in the pith one and one-half 
as long as the larva itself. The opening to the outside is at a right 
angle and round about it the twig is somewhat thickened (fig. 190). 
Walter Horn also states in the Genera Insectorum (fase. 82, p. 428) 
that “ Keiner der Autoren hat die Larven von (. Bonelli und C. 
emarginata auseinander halten konnen.” Since the larva described 
by myself came from Horn, I am unable to say whether it is C. 
bonelli or C. emarginata. 


4. Genus (probably) CTENOSTOMA Klug. 


Head with the ridge on the caudal part of the frons slightly sin- 
uate and continuous with the ridge on the caudal part of the vertex; 
arms of the epicranial suture not uniting into a stem but separated 
by the caudal part of the frons, which reaches to the occipital fora- 
men; latero-clypeus distinct, crescent-shaped; antericr margin of 
the labrum smooth; ocelli 1 and 2 subequal in size, ocelli 3 and 4 
subequal in size, adjacent; ocelli 5 and 6 wanting; antenna sepa- 
rated from the mandible by a narrow, inconspicuous, transverse bar, 
the second segment not longer than the other segments combined; 
maxilla with the ventral sclerite of the cardo triangular and bearing 
a single setae, lacinia apparently absent, maxillary palpus three- 
segmented, increasing slightly in length from the proximal to the 
distal segment, the proximal segment without a spine on the latero- 
distal margin; labio-stipites without a furrow along the meson but 
with a distinct ridge or carina along the lateral and caudal margins, 
ligula not chitinized on the ventral aspect, palpiger area with two 
chitinized sclerites separated by a flexible suture, labial palpus with 
the proximal segment longer than the distal segment and with two 
spinelike projections on its ventro-distal margin, the proximal seg- 
ment with four or five setae and the distal segment with one; fifth 
abdominal segment with the inner, median, and lateral hooks pres- 
ent, the inner hooks short and thornlike, the median hooks somewhat 
sickle-shaped and pointing outward, the lateral hooks short, thorn- 
shaped, and produced at the anterior end of a chitinized sclerite 


64 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. yor. 65. 


laterad of the median hooks. Legs without distinct, movable tarsal 


claws, the distal end of the tarsi produced into two blunt, pointed 
projections serving as claws. 


DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES. 
CTENOSTOMA (7?) species. 


Vigs. 157, 182, 183, and 184. 


ScHwarz, HE. A., not reared, larva in the collection of the U. S. National 
Museum. 

Color.—Head and pronotum chestnut brown, with the region 
around the ocelli, the anterior margin of the fronto-clypeo-labral 
sclerite, and the anterior margin of the pronotum almost black; setae 
transparent. 

Head.—Setae on dorsal aspect fine and inconspicuous; diameter 
of ocellus 2 distinctly greater than the distance between ocelli 1 and 
2; fronto-clypeo-labral area longer than wide, ridge on the caudal 
part of frons sinuate, prominent, and bearing a single prominent 
setae; antenna with the proximal, second, and third segments sub- 
equal, the distal segment one-half to two-thirds the length of the 
third, the proximal and second segments each with five or six setae, 
the third with two setae, and the distal with one; maxilla with the 
proximal segment of the galea bearing three setae on its mesal mar- 
gin, maxillary palpus three-segmented, each segment slightly in- 
creasing in length toward the distal; ligula with four fine setae ar- 
ranged in a transverse row at its ventro-distal end, proximal seg- 
ment of labial palpus with two spinelike projections on its ventro- 
distal margin and with two setae on each side of these spines, the 
proximal segment with four setae and the distal segment with one. 

Thoraz—Pronotum with the cephalo-lateral angles extending 
almost as far cephalad as the mesal, chitinized portion, lateral mar- 
gins carinate, an oblong-oval, slightly raised mound on each lateral 
part; setae short, stout, numerous, and inserted on small setal mounds 
(fig. 157). 

Abdomen.—Chitinized areas indistinct, setae fine and not numer- 
ous (fig. 188); ninth abdominal sternum with the caudal margin 
bearing two groups of four setae each and the tergum with two 
short spines on the caudal margin; tenth abdominal segment with 
four short, stout spines on its dorsal margin and with each lateral 
sclerite produced caudad into a short, blunt, chitinized projection 
(fig. 183); fifth abdominal segment with three pairs of hooks, the 
inner hook with two short, stout setae, the median hooks with three 
fine, inconspicuous setae (fig. 184). 

Measurements.—Length of larvae, 17 mm., width at the third 
abdominal segment, 2.5 mm.; diameter of ocellus 2, 0.31 mm.; dis- 


arr.17. LARVAE OF HOLARCTICG TIGER-BEETLES—HAMILTON. 65 


tance between ocelli, 1 and 2, 0.17 mm.; length of fronto-clypeo- 
labral area, 1.6 mm., width, 1.4 mm.; length of pronotum, 1.7 mm., 
width, 3 mm. 

This larva was collected March, 1911, by Dr. E. A. Schwarz at Porto 
Bello, Panama, in a dead branch of a tree among a colony of ants. 
Its structure indicates that it belongs to the arboreal group. Because 
of its importance morphologically it has been included and placed 
tentatively in the genus Ctenostoma Klug. 


5. Genus OMUS Eschscholtz. 


Head with the ridge on the caudal part of frons transverse and 
continuous with the ridge on the caudal part of vertex; latero- 
clypeus distinct, crescent-shaped; anterior margin of the labrum 
crenulate; ocellus 2 about one-half the size of ocellus 1, ocelli 3 and 4 
distinct, subequal in size, ocellus 5 small, conical, and distinct, ocellus 
6 about one-half the size of ocellus 5, small and indistinct; antenna 
not separated from the mandible by a transverse, chitinized bar, the 
proximal, second, and third segments subequal in length, the distal 
segment about one-half the length of the second; maxilla with the 
ventral sclerite of the cardo triangular and bearing two setae; a 
small spine, possibly a rudimentary lacinia, present on the inner and 
distal margin of the stipes, maxillary palpus three-seemented, the 
segments increasing slightly in length from the proximal to the dis- 
tal, the proximal segment without a spine on the latero-distal mar- 
gin; labio-stipites not depressed on the middle and without a carina 
on the lateral and caudal margins; ligula not chitinized on the ven- 
tral aspect; palpiger area with two chitinized sclerites separated by 
a flexible suture; labial palpus with the proximal segment longer 
than the distal segment and with a single spinelike projection on its 
ventro-distal margin, the proximal segment with two setae and the 
distal segment with one; fifth abdominal segment with the inner, 
median, and lateral hocks present, the lateral hooks short and bear- 
ing from six to eight setae, the median hooks long, the proximal half 
cylindrical and the distal half thornlike, shghtly curved ventrad, 
and with two setae at about the middle, inner hooks about one-half 
the length of the median hooks, the proximal two-thirds cone- 
shaped and with two setae at its distal part, the distal one-third 
thornshaped and projecting cephalad. 

This genus occurs only on the Pacific coast from British Columbia 
to the southern part of California. There are a number of species 
and sub-species, the adults of which are difficult to separate. The 
Jarvae are also very difficult to separate, and a study of a large series 
would probably aid in the nomenclature of the adults. 

45554—25—Proce.N.M.vol.65 36 





66 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 65. 


TABLE TO THE SPECIES OF THE GENUS OMUS. 


Cephalic margin of the labrum with the crenulate emarginations deep; pro- 
notum distinctly lighter colored than the head; tergal sclerites of the ab- 
domen with two large, adjacent setae on the lateral margin. 

californicus, p. 66. 

Cephalic margin of the labrum with the crenulate emarginations shallow; 
pronotum but little, if any, lighter colored than the head; tergal sclerites 
of the abdomen usually with three large, adjacent setae on the lateral 
MUTA ra tS oh ee ee a 1 

1. Cephalic margin of the labrum with the median crenulate lobe distinctly 
wider than those on each side; pronotum with more than sixty setae. 
ambiguus, p. 67. 

Cephalic margin of the labrum with the median crenulate lobe not distinctly 

wider than those on each side; pronotum never with more than fifty setae. 
sequoiarum, p. 68. 


DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES. 
OMUS CALIFORNICUS Eschscholtz. 
Figs. 3, 12, 18, 19, 25, 30, 35, 44, 46, 82, 83, 84, 118, and 119. 


BLAISDELL, reared, larvae in the collection of Dr. A. D. MacGillivray, 
University of Illinois. 

Color.—Head dark bronze or black, uniformly colored; pronotum 
light chestnut brown; setae on dorsal aspect of head and pronotum 
the same color as the head, the other setae light brown. 

Head.—Setae on dorsal aspect long, slender, and prominent; 
diameter of ocellus 2 slightly greater than the distance between 
ocelli 1 and 2; fronto-clypeo-labral area wider than long; trans- 
verse ridge on caudal part of frons bearing five setae, the middle 
seta much larger than those on each side; cephalic margin of the 
labrum with the crenulate emarginations deep, the median lobe 
not distinctly wider than those on each side (fig. 46); antenna 
with the proximal, second, and third segments subequal in length, 
the distal segment one-half the length of the second, the proximal 
segment with four or five setae and the second with five or six; 
maxilla with the proximal segment of the galea bearing three 
setae on its mesal margin; ligula with four fine setae arranged 
in a transverse row on its ventro-distal end, proximal segment of 
labial palpus with a single spinelike projection on the ventro- 
distal margin and with a single seta on each side of this spine, the 
proximal segment with two setae and the distal segment with one. 

Thorax.—Pronotum with the cephalo-lateral angles extending as 
far cephalad as the mesal portion, lateral margins slightly carinate, 
setae not more than 40 in number (fig. 84). 





Abdomen.—Chitinized areas distinct; secondary setae short and 
not numerous and with two large, adjacent setae on the lateral mar- 
gin of the tergal sclerites (fig. 119) ; ninth abdominal sternum with 


art.17. LARVAE OF HOLARCTIC TIGER-BEETLES—HAMILTON. 67 


the caudal margin bearing two groups of four setae each; inner hooks 
five-eighths the length of the median hooks and with two setae; 
median hooks with two setae; lateral hooks with five to seven setae. 

Measurements.—Length of larvae, 26 to 28 mm., width at the 
third abdominal segment, 3.2 to 3.4 mm.; diameter of ocellus 1, 
0.51 to 0.54 mm., of ocellus 2, 0.36 to 0.38 mm.; distance between 
ocelli 1 and 2, 0.29 to 0.31 mm.; length of fronto-clypeo-labral area, 
9.4 to 2.6 mm., width 2.7 to 2.8 mm.; length of pronotum, 2.9 to 3.2 
mm., width 5 to 5.2 mm. 

The larvae were collected at Alhambra Valley, Contra Costa 
County, California, December 29, 1905, by Dr. F. E. Blaisdell, sr. 


OMUS AMBIGUUS Schaupp. 
Figs. 47, 86, and 121. 


BLAISDELL, reared, larvae in the collection of Dr. A. D. MacGillivray, 
University of Illinois. 

Color.—Head dark brown or bronze, the cephalic portion between 
the mandibles lighter; pronotum dark chestnut brown, slightly 
lighter than the caudal part of the head; setae on dorsal aspect of 
head and pronotum dark brown, the other setae light brown. 

Head.—Setae on dorsal aspect long, stout, and prominent; diame- 
ter of ocellus 2 equal to the distance between ocelli 1 and 2; fronto- 
clypeo-labral area wider than long; transverse ridge on the caudal 
part of frons bearing five setae, the middle seta much larger than 
those on each side; cephalic margin of the labrum with the crenu- 
late emarginations shallow, the median lobe distinctly wider than 
those on each side (fig. 47); antenna with the proximal segment 
shghtly longer than the second, the third as long as the second, and 
the fourth slightly more than one-half the length of the second, the 
proximal segment with four or five setae and the second with five 
or six; maxilla with the proximal segment of the galea bearing three 
setae on its mesal margin; ligula with four fine setae arranged in a 
transverse row on its ventro-distal end, the proximal segment of the 
labial palpus with a single spinelike projection on the ventro-distal 
margin and with a single seta on each side of this spine, the proxi- 
mal segment with two setae and the distal segment with one. 

Thoraz.—Pronotum with the cephalo-lateral angles extending 
slightly cephalad of the mesal portion, lateral margins slightly 
carinate, setae more than 60 in number (fig. 86). 

Abdomen.—Chitinized areas distinct; secondary setae numerous 
and prominent, lateral margins of tergal sclerites usually bearing 
three large, adjacent setae (fig. 121) ; ninth abdominal sternum with 
the caudal margin bearing two groups of four setae each; inner hooks 


68 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 65, 


five-eighths the length of the median hooks and with two setae; 
median hooks with two setae; lateral hooks with six to eight setae. 

Measurements—Length of larvae, 26 to 28 mm., width at the 
third abdominal segment, 3.2 to 3.4 mm.; diameter of ocellus 1, 0.50 
to 0.52 mm., of ocellus 2, 0.30 to 0.32 mm.; distance between ocelli 
1 and 2, 0.30 to 0.82 mm.; length of fronto-clypeo-labral area, 2.6 
to 2.8 mm., width, 2.3 to 2.5 mm.; length of pronotum, 2.7 to 2.9 mm., 
width, 4.7 to 5 mm. 

The larvae were collected at Shasta Retreat, Siskiyou County, Cali- 
fornia, July 31, 1905, by Dr. F. E. Blaisdell, sr., and Beverly 
Letcher. 


OMUS SEQUOIARUM Crotch. 
Vigs. 45, 85, and 120. 


_ BLAISDELL, reared, larvae in the collection of Dr. A. D. MacGillivray, Uni- 

versity of Illinois. 

Color-—Head dark bronze or black and uniformly colored; pro- 
notum dark chestnut brown with lighter areas; setae on dorsal aspect 
of head and pronotum the same color as the head, the other setae 
light brown. 

Head.—Setae on dorsal aspect long, stout, and prominent; diameter 
of ocellus 2 slightly greater than the distance between ocelli 1 and 
2; fronto-clypeo-labral area wider than long; transverse ridge on 
caudal part of frons bearing five setae, the median seta much larger 
than those on each side; cephalic margin of the labrum with the 
crenulate emarginations shallow, the median lobe not distinctly 
wider than those on each side (fig. 45); antenna with the proximal 
segment as long as the second, the third slightly less than the length 
of the second, and the distal slightly more than one-half the length 
of the second, the proximal segment with four or five setae and the 
second with five or six; maxilla with the proximal segment of the 
galea bearing three setae on its mesal margin; ligula with four fine 
setae arranged in a transverse row at its ventro-distal end, proximal 
seoment of labial palpus with a single spine-like projection on its 
ventro-distal margin and with a single seta on each side of this 
spine, the proximal segment with two setae and the distal segment 
with one. 

Thorax.—Pronotum with the cephalo-lateral angles extending 
almost as far cephalad as the mesal portion, lateral margins slightly 
carinate, setae not more than fifty in number (fig. 85). 

Abdomen.—Chitinized areas distinct; secondary setae prominent 
and numerous, tergal sclerites with three large, adjacent setae on 
the lateral margins (fig. 120); ninth abdominal sternum with the 
caudal margin bearing two groups of four setae each; inner hooks 





ART. 17. LARVAE OF HOLARCTIC TIGER-BEETLES—-HAMILTON, 69 


five-eighths the length of the median hooks, and with two setae; 
median hooks with two setae; lateral hooks with five to seven setae. 

Measurements.—Length of larvae, 24 to 26 mm., width at. the 
third abdominal segment, 3.2 to 3.4 mm.; diameter of ocellus 1, 0.42 
to 0.44 mm., of ocellus 2, 0.29 to 0.81 mm.; distance between ocelli 
1 and 2, 0.26 to 0.28 mm.; length of fronto-clypeo-labral area, 2.1 to 
2.3 mm., width, 2.4 to 2.6 mm.; length of pronotum, 2.6 to 2.8 mm., 
width, 4 to 4.3 mm. 

The larvae were collected at Licking Fork, Mokelumne River, 
California, at an elevation of 2,900 to 3,100 feet, by Dr. F. E. 

laisdell, sr., and Beverly Letcher. 

A single larva of Omus edwardsii Crotch, the identity of which 
was questioned, was secured from Dr. F. E. Blaisdell, sr.; this larva 
was collected in the same locality as Omus sequoiarum and seems to 
be identical with it (figs. 48, 87, and 122). The pronotum (fig. 
87) shows a few more setae than that of Omus sequoiarwm (fig. 85), 
but the larvae of the later species were observed which had a similar 
setal plan. 


6. Genus AMBLYCHILA Say. 


Head with ridge on caudal part of frons transverse and continuous 
with the ridge on caudal part of vertex; latero-clypeus not distinct, 
fused with the clypeus; anterior margin of the labrum slightly 
crenulate; ocellus 2 much smaller than ocellus 1, ocelli 3 and 4 small, 
adjacent and rudimentary, ocelli 5 and 6 wanting; antenna separated 
from the mandible by a broad, chitinized area, second segment of the 
antenna longer than all the other segments combined; maxilla with 
the ventral sclerite of the cardo triangular and bearing eight or nine 
setae; lacinia apparently absent; maxillary palpus three-segmented, 
the proximal and second segments subequal in length and slightly 
longer than the third, the proximal segment without a spine on the 
latero-distal margin; labio-stipites heavily chitinized, concave, and 
with a prominent carina on the lateral and caudal margins; ligula 
chitinized on the ventral aspect, the chitinization of the ligula and 
the labio-stipites extending around the palpiger; palpiger area 
membranous and without a sclerite; labial palpus with the proximal 
segment shorter than the distal segment and without spinelike pro- 
jections on its ventro-distal margin, the proximal segment with 5 or 
6 setae and the distal segment with 12 to 15; fifth abdominal seg- 
ment with the inner and median hooks present, the lateral hooks 
wanting, median hooks bluntly thorn-shape, broad at the base, and 
with 18 to 20 short, stout setae; inner hooks similar in shape to the 
median hooks, about one-half their eneth, and with 12 to 15 short, 
stout setae. 


70 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 65. 


The genus Amblychila includes three species, all of which are 
limited in their distribution. The larvae are larger, fleshier, and 
more grublike than the larvae of any of the other genera studied. 


DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES 
AMBLYCHILA CYLINDRIFORMIS Say. 
Figs. 4, 10, 11, 16, 20, 26, 31, 36, 41, 81, 123, and 148. 


HuNGERForD and WILtIAMs, reared, larvae in the Department of Ento- 
mology, University of Kansas. 

Color.—Head and pronotum dark chestnut brown; setae brown. 

Head.—Setae on dorsal aspect of head long, slender, and promi- 
nent; ocellus 2 about one-half the size of ocellus 1; diameter of ocellus 
2 subequal to the distance between ocelli 1 and 2; fronto-clypeo-labral 
area wider than long; transverse ridge on the caudal part of frons 
with 6 to 8 setae; crenulate emarginations on the anterior edge 
of the labrum subequal; antenna with the second segment twice the 
length of the proximal, three times the length of the third and ten 
times that of the distal segment, setae long and slender, the proximal 
segment with 6 to 12 setae and the second with 15 to 20 (fig. 126) ; 
maxilla with the proximal segment of the galea bearing 5 or 6 
setae on its mesal margin; ligula with six fine setae arranged in a 
transverse row at its ventro-distal end, proximal segment of labial 
palpus with 5 or 6 setae and the distal segment with 12 to 15 (fig. 
20). 

Thoraz—Pronotum with the cephalo-lateral angles extending 
cephalad of the mesal portion, lateral margins slightly carinate, 
setae numerous, short, and conspicuous (fig. 81). 

Abdomen.—Chitinized areas indistinct; setae short to long, numer- 
ous, and occurring between as well as upon the chitinized areas (fig. 
123) ; median hooks with 18 to 20 setae; inner hooks with 12 to 15 
setae (fig. 148). 

Measurements.—Length of larvae, 45 to 50 mm., width at the third 
abdominal segment, 7 to 8 mm.; diameter of ocellus 1, 0.40 to 0.45 
mm., of ocellus 2, 0.20 to 0.27 mm.; distance between ocelli 1 and 2, 
0.20 to 0.24 mm.; length of fronto-clypeo-labral area, 3.3 to 3.4 mm., 
width, 3.6 to 3.8 mm.; length of pronotum, 4.2 to 4.8 mm., width, 
6 to 6.4 mm. 

The habits of the larvae, as given by Williams and Hungerford 
(1913), are as follows: 


They usually occur in colonies of from 2 to 11, the individual burrows being 
close together, often not more than 1% inches apart. Usually a colony can 
be circumscribed by a 10-inch radius. The larger ones (burrows) were a 
little less than one-half.inch in diameter and about 39 inches deep. The rim 
was slightly elevated above the surface of surrounding level, and the entrance 


art.17. LARVAE OF HOLARCTIC TIGER-BEETLES—HAMILTON. 71 


perfectly circular. The burrows have quite a characteristic way of going 
straight down for about 18 inches and then, turning to an angle of about 45° 
downward, proceed about 18 inches farther. This lower portion has a 
tendency to be feebly spiral. The burrow for the last 10 or 8 inches is quite 
noticeably enlarged, especially laterally, and the extreme end is invariably 
packed with the remains of former repasts. The holes are generally located 
on the brow of a cliff, but one colony was found in muddy silt at the foot of 
a cliff-like bank, well below the recent flood level of the stream. Still others 
occurred on the high plain some half a mile back from the bluffs. Two or 
three were found that had their openings in the face of the cliff. These sloped 
back and did not conform to the normal burrows. It was often noticed that 
these larval burrows were situated near some larger hole, as that of the field 
mouse or badger. 


BIBLIOGRAPHY OF PAPERS REFERRED TO IN TEXT. 


CRIDDLE, NORMAN. 
1907. Habits of some Manitoba tiger beetles (Cicindelidae). Canad. 
Entom., vol. 39, pp. 105-114. 
1910. Habits of some Manitoba tiger beetles (Cicindelidae). No. 2. 
Canad. Entom., vol. 42, pp. 9-15. 
Horn, GEorGE H. 
1878. Descriptions of the larvae of the North American genera of Cicin- 
delidae. Trans. Amer. Entom. Soc., vol. 7, pp. 28-37, pl. 2. 
Horn, WALTHER. 
1908. The larvae of Amblychila and Omus. Deutsch. Entom. Zeitsch., 
pp. 285-286. 
Carabidae, subfamily Cicindelinae. Genera Insectorum, fase. 82, 
1908, 1910, 1915, pp. 1-486, pls. 1-25. 
LENG, CH. W. 
1920. Catalogue of the Coleoptera of America North of Mexico. 
LENGERKEN, H. v. 
1921. Carabus auratus und sein larvae. Arch. fur Naturgeschichte. 
(Wiegmanns Arch.), vol. 87, pp. 31-114, 3 pls., 75 figs. 
ScHAupp, F. G. 
1878. On the Cicindelidae of the United States. Bull. Brook. Entom. 
Soc., vol. 1, pp. 11-14. 
1879. Larvae of Cicindelidae. Bull. Brook. Entom. Soc., vol. 2, pp. 23-24. 
1879. List of the Described Coleopterous larvae of the United States with 
some remarks on their classification. Bull. Brook. Entom. Soc., 
vol. 2, pp. 1-38, 21-22, 29-30. 
Scuidpre, I. C. 
1867. De Metamorphosi Eleutheratorum observationes. Carabi, Natur- 
historisk Tidsskrift. Copenhagen, ser. 3, vol. 4, p. 415, pl. 12, 
figs. 1-17. 
SHELFORD, R. 
1907. The larva of Collyris emarginatus Dej. Trans. Entom. Soc. Lon- 
don, pp. 83-90, pl. 3. 
SHELFORD, V. E. 
1907. Preliminary note on the distribution of the tiger beetles and its 
relation to plant succession. Biol. Bull., vol. 14, pp. 9-14. 
1908. Life-histories and larval habits of the tiger beetles (Cicindelidae). 
Journ. Linn. Soe. Lond., Zool., vol. 30, pp. 157-184, pls. 23-26, 
figs. 1-53. 


q2 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


SHELFORD, V. E.—Continued. 


VoL. 65. 


1911. Physiological animal geography. Journ. Morph., vol. 22, pp. 551-618. 


1912. Ecological succession. 
animal communities. 


IV. Vegetation and the control of land 
Biol. Bull., vol. 28, pp. 59-99. 


1913. The life-history of a bee-fly (Spogostylum anale Say) parasite of 


the larva of a tiger beetle (Cicindela scutellaris var. 
Ann. Entom. Soc. Amer., vol. 6, pp. 218-224. 
1918. Animal communities in temperate America as illustrated in 
pp. xi1+362, 306 figs. 

1915. Principles and problems of ecology as illustrated by animals. 


Hald.). 
Chicago region. 


Heology, vol. 3, pp. 1-28. 


Chicago. 


lecontei 
the 


Journ. 


WILLIAMS, fF. X., and HuNGERFoRD, H. B. 


1914. Notes on Coleoptera from Western Kansas. 


25, pp. 1-9. 


Entom. News, vol. 


EXPLANATION OF PLATES 


List of abbreviations 


aat—anterior arm of tentorium. 

ace—acetabulum. 

aj—angulus frontalis. 

an—antenna. 

ans—antennal socket. 

c—clypeus. 

ca—cardo. 

cl—claw. 

co—collum. 

con—condyle. 

cz—coxa. 

cal—coxal lobe. 

vep—coxal process. 

dat—dorsal arm of tentorium. 

enp—entopleurum. 

epl—epipleurum. 

eps—epicranial suture. 

esc—fused eusternum, sternellum, and 
eoxal lobes. 

esch—tfused eusternum,  sternellum, 
coxal lobes, and hypopleurum. 

eust—eusternum. 

f—tfrons. i 

fela—fronto-clypeo-labral area. 

fe—femur. 

fs—trontal suture. 

fu—turea. 

fuca—turcella. 

ga—galea. 


ge—gena. 

gus—gular suture. 
h—hypostoma. 
hy—hypopleurum. 
if—intersegmental folds. 
ih—inner hook. 
ip—interpleurite. 
i—labium. 
Ilc—latero-clypeus 
ih—lateral hook. 
li—ligula. 

lp—labial palpus. 
Ir—labrum. 
ls—labio-stipites. 
md—maniible. 
mds—mandibular socket. 
mh—median hook. 
me—maxilla. 
o—ocellus. 
oc—occiput. 
ocs—occipital suture. 
pa—palpus. 
pf—palpifer. 
pg—palpiger. 
pge—postgena. 
pls—pleural suture. 
pn—pronotum. 
poh—posthypopleurite. 
postl—poststernellum. 


akT.17. LARVAE OF HOLARCTIC TIGER-BEETLES—-HAMILTON, le 


pr—prothorax. 


prh—prehypopleurite. 


pst—presternum. 
s—spina. 
sti—stipes. 
sti—sternellum. 
ta—tarsus. 


te—tergum. 

ti—tibia. 

trn—trochantin. 
tro—trochanter. 

us—U-shaped ridge. 
vat—ventral arm of tentorium. 
ve—vertex. 


PLaTE 1. 
Larvae, lateral view. 


Fic. 1. Cicindela limbalis. 
2. Tetracha carolina. 
3. Omus californicus. 
4. Amblychila cylindriformis. 


74 





U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 65, ART. I!7 PL. | 


4 





LATERAL VIEW OF LARVAE OF TIGER-BEETLES 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 74 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 65, ART. I7 PL. 2 


limbalis 


carolinz cylindriformis 





HEADS OF VARIOUS TIGER-BEETLE LARVAE 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 75 





Fig. 


PLATE 2, 


Heads. 


. Cicindela limbalis, lateral aspect, mouth-parts removed. 
. Cicindela limbalis, ental aspect, tentorium. 

. Cicindela limbalis, ental aspect. 

. Cicindela limbalis, dorsal aspect. 

. Tetracha carolina, dorsal aspect. 

. Amblychila cylindriformis, ventral aspect, mouth-parts removed. 
. Amblychila cylindriformis, dorsal aspect. 

. Omus californicus, dorsal aspect. 

. Omus californicus, ventral aspect. 

. Cicindela limbalis, ventral aspect. 

. Tetracha carolina, ventral aspect. 

. Amblychila cylindriformis, ventral aspect. 


75 


ric. 17. 
18. 
19. 
20. 
2. 
ae 
23. 
24, 
25; 
26. 
ie 
28. 
29. 
30. 
31. 
oon 
ce 
34. 
35. 
36. 


76 


PLATE 3. 
Labia, Antennae, Maxillae, and Legs. 


Cicindela limbalis, labium, ventral aspect. 

Tetracha carolina, labium, ventral aspect. 

Omus californicus, labium, ventral aspect. 
Amblychila cylindriformis, labium, ventral aspect. 
Cicindela limbalis, labium, dorsal aspeca. 

Cicindela limbalis, antenna, dorsal aspect. 

Cicindela limbalis, antenna, ventral aspect. 
Tetracha carolina, antenna, dorsal aspect. 

Omus californicus, antenna, dorsal aspect. 
Amblychila cylindriformis, antenna, dorsal aspect. 
Cicindela limbalis, maxilla, dorsal aspect. 

Cicindela limbalis, maxilla, ventral aspect. 

Tetracha carolina, maxilla, ventral aspect. 

Omus californicus, maxilla, ventral aspect. 
Amblychila cylindriformis, maxilla, ventral aspect. 
Cicindela limbalis, mandible, dorso-caudal aspect. 
Cicindela limbalis, metathoracic leg., cephalic aspect. 
Tetracha carolina, metathoracic leg, cephalic aspect. 
Omus californicus, metathoracie leg, cephalic aspect. 


Amblychila cylindriformis, metathoracic leg, cephalic aspect. 


fe al et i la ct a atl RR i ST Ni tl i A tt a 


aac tl i i a ar 





U. S.CNATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 65, ART. I7 PL. 3 


limbalis lea eatoralens Be 


23 carolina 


: ca 
carolina californicus cylindriformis 


29 


sc ace f} 
Jim balis limbalis carolina californicus edness 
32 34 36 "36 





LABIA, ANTENNAE, MAXILLAE, AND LEGS OF TIGER-BEETLE LARVAE 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 76 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 65, ART. I7 PL 4 





limbalis 







sequoiarum 


45 











californicus 


46 


ambiguus 


cone 







edwardsii 


48 


LABRA, THORACES, AND ABDOMINA OF TIGER-BEETLE LARVAE 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 77 





Hie. 37: 
38. 
39. 
40. 
41. 
42. 
48. 
44, 
45. 
46. 
47. 
48. 


PLATE 4. 
Labra, Thoraces, and Abdomina. 


Cicindela limbalis, thorax, dorsal aspect. 

Cicindela limbalis, thorax, ventral aspect. 

Cicindela limbalis, abdomen, dorsal aspect, segments seven to ten. 
Cicindela limbalis, fifth abdominal segment. 

Amblychila cylindriformis, fifth abdominal segment. 

Cicindela limbalis, abdomen, ventral aspect, segments seven to ten. 
Tetracha carolina, fifth abdominal segment. 

Omus californicus, fifth abdominal segment. 

Omus sequoiarum, labrum, cephalic margin. 

Omus californicus, labrum, cephalic margin. 

Omus ambiguus, labrum, cephalic margin. 

Omus edwardsii, labrum, cephalic margin. 


PLATE 5. 
Pronota, Setal Plans. 


Fic. 49. Cicindela formosa, var. generosa, first instar. 
50. Cicindela formosal, var. generosa, second instar. 
51. Cicindela formosa, var. generosa, third instar. 
52. Cicindela limbalis, first instar. 

53. Cicindela limbalis, second instar. 
54. Cicindela limbalis, third instar. 
55. Cicindela hirticollis, first instar. 
56. Cicindela hirticollis, second instar. 
57. Cicindela hirticollis, third instar. 
58. Cicindela 6-guttata, third instar. 
59. Cicindela, species A, third instar. 
60. Cicindela purpurea, var. graminea, third instar. 
61. Cicindela latesignata, third instar. 
62. Cicindela, species B, third instar. 
63. Cicindela repanda, third instar. 


78 





U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 65, ART. I7 PL. 5 





hirticollis 


latesignata 


61 


PRONOTA AND SETAL PLANS OF TIGER-BEETLE LARVAE 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 78 


U. S. NATIONAL M' 1°" UUM 


oregona 


67 


rectilatera 


S A She a 
Ge eae 
pulchra 
76 


PRICEEDINGS, 


limbata 


77 


VOL 65; ARD-=I7 “PEs 


pS PIS Ae 


tranquebarica 


66 





Pais .sTA AND SETAL PLANS GF TIGER-BEETLE LARVAE 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 79 





I'ic. 64. 
65. 
66. 
67. 
68. 
69. 
70. 
71. 
5 
G2. 
74. 
145% 
76. 
rhibe 
78. 


PLATE 6. 
Pronota, Setal Plans. 


Cicindela lepida, third instar. 
Cicindela gratiosa, third instar. 
Cicindela tranquebarica, third instar. 
Cicindela oregona, third instar. 
Cicindela 12-gutiata, third instar. 
Cicindela punctulata, third instar, 
Cicindela flavopunctata, var. rectilatera, third instar. 
Cicindela unipunctata, third instar. 
Cicindela abdominalis, third instar. 
Cicindela marginata, third instar. 
Cicindela formosa, third instar. 
Cicindela scutellaris, var. lecontei, third instar. 
Cicindela pulchra, third instar. 
Cicindela limbata, third instar. 
Cicindela dorsalis, var. sauleyi, third instar. 
79 


IIc. 


Fic. 


79. 
80. 
81. 
82. 
83. 
$4. 
85. 
86. 
87. 


88. 
89. 
90. 
91. 
92. 
93. 
94, 
95. 
96. 
97. 
98. 
99. 


80 


Par Aen 
Pronota, Setal Plans. 


Tetracha virginica, third instar. 
Tetracha carolina, third instar. 
Amblychila cylindriformis, third instar. 
Omus californicus, first instar. 

Omus californicus, second instar. 
Omus californicus, third instar. 

Omus sequoiarum, third instar. 

Omus ambiguus, third instar. 

Omus edwardsii, third instar. 


Third Abdominal Segments, Setal Plans. 


Cicindela formosa, var. generosa, first instar. 
Cicindela formosa, var. generosa, second instar. 
Cicindela formosa, var. generosa, third instar. 
Cicindela hirticollis, first instar. 

Cicindela hirticollis, second instar. 

Cicindela hirticollis, third instar. 

Cicindela 6-guttata, third instar. 

Cicindela, species A, third instar. 

Cicindela limbalis, third instar. 

Cicindela purpurea, var. graminea, third instar. 
Cicindela latesignata, third instar. 

Cicindela, species B, third instar. 





U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 65, ART. 17 PL. 7 


‘ eylindriformis 


\ 
\ 


californicus 
84 








species 





PRONOTA, SETAL PLANS, AND ABDOMINAL SEGMENTS OF TIGER-BEETLE LARVAE 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 80 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 65, ART. I7 PL. 









repanda 


100 





lecontei sauleyi 
112 


carolina 
116 


117 





californicus californicus sequoiarum ambiguus edwardsii cylindriformis 
118 119 120 1 123 


12 


THIRD ABDOMINAL SEGMENTS AND SETAL PLANS OF TIGER-BEETLE LARVAE 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGER 8) 












i ac tt 


lt i cc 


H1@. 100. 
101. 
102. 
103. 
104. 
105. 
106. 
107. 
108. 
109. 
110. 
fata 
bene 
118. 
114. 
115. 
116. 
Bhs 
118. 
119. 
120. 
2 
De 
123. 


Cicindela 
Cicindela 
Cicindela 
Cicindeia 
Cicindela 
Cicindela 
Cicindela 
Cicindela 
Cicindela 
Cicindela 
Cicindela 
Cicindela 
Cicindela 
Cicindela 
Cicindela 
Cicindela 
Tetracha 
Tetrecha 


PLATE 8. 
Third Abdominal Segments, Setal Plans. 


repanda, third instar. 

lepida, third instar. 

gratiosa, third instar. 

tranqebarica, third instar. 

oregona, third instar. 

12-guttata, third instar. 

punctulata, third instar. 
flavopunctata, var. rectilatera, third instar. 
unipunctata, third instar. 
abdominalis, third instar. 
marginata, third instar. 

formosa, third instar. 

scutellaris, var. lecontei, third instar. 
pulchra, third instar. 

limbata, third instar. 

dorsalis, var. saulcyi, third instar. 
carolina, third instar. 

virginica, third instar. 


Omus californicus, first instar. 

Omus californicus, third instar. 

Omus sequoiarum, third instar. 

Omus ambiguus, third instar. 

Omus edwardsii, third instar. 
Amblychila cylindriformis, third instar. 


8 


Fig, 124. 
125. 
126. 
127. 
128. 
129. 
130. 
131. 
132. 
133. 
134. 
135. 
136. 
137. 
138. 
139. 
140. 
141. 
142. 
143. 
144. 
145. 
146. 
147. 
148. 


82 


PLATE 9, 
Inner Hooks. 


Cicindela 6-guttata. 

Cicindela, species A. 

Cicindela limbalis. 

Cicindela purpurea, var. gramined. 
Cicindela latesignata. 

Cicindela, species B. 

Cicindela repanda. 

Cicindela lepida. 

Cicindela gratiosa. 

Cicindela tranquebarica. 

Cicindela oregona. 

Cicindela 12-guttata. 

Cicindela punctulata. 

Cicindela flavopunctata, var. rectilatera. 
Cicindela unipunctata. 

Cicindela abdominalis. 

Cicindela marginata. 

Cicindela formosa. 

Cicindela formosa, var. generosa. 
Cicindela scutellaris, var. lecontei. 
Cicindela pulchra. 

Cicindela limbata. 

Cicindela hirticollis. 

Cicindela dorsalis, var. saulcyi. 
Amblychila cylindriformis; a, mesal hook; b, median hook. 





U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 65, ART. I7 PL. 9 









6-guttata species A aaa graminea latesignata 
1 1 


124 


127 





gratiosa tranquebarica 


132 133 


species B 


129 130 





rectilatera  unipunctata 


137 138 





abdominalis © ™arginata formosa generosa lecontei 
1 


141 148 





pulchra limbata hirticollis sauleyi cylindriformis 


144 145 146 147 148 


INNER HOOKS OF TIGER-BEETLE LARVAE 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 82 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 65, ART. I7 PL. 10 





species C 









cuprascens macra 


152 153 


Ctenostoma ? 


157 








] ermanica ( HY 
obsoleta silvicola 
158 159 a 


PRONTA AND SETAL PLANS OF TIGER-BEETLE LARVAE 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 83 





Fie. 149 


150. 
151. 
152. 
153. 
154. 
155. 
156. 
157. 
158. 
159. 
160. 


PLATE 10. 
Pronta, setal plans of third instar. 


Cicindela biramosa. 
Cicindela campestris. 
Cicindela, species C. 
Cicindela, species D. 
Cicindela cuprascens macra. 
Cicindela hybrida. 
Cicindela hybrida maritima. 
Tetracha eupratica. 
Ctenostoma (7?) species. 
Cicindela obsoleta. 
Cicindela silvicola. 
Cicindela germanica. 

83 


Fig. 


Fic. 


161. 
162. 
163. 
164. 
165. 
166. 
167. 
168. 
169. 
170. 
irae 


173. 
174. 
175. 
176. 
Vit. 
178. 
179. 
180. 
181. 
182. 
183. 


184. 
84 


IPTAP Eas 
Third abdominal segments, setal plans. 


Cicindela biramosa. 
Cicindela campestris. 
Cicindela, species C. 
Cicindela, species D. 
Cicindela cuprascens macra. 
Cicindela hybrida. 

Cicindela hybrida maritima. 
Tetracha eupratica. 
Cicindela obsoleta. 
Cicindela silvicola. 
Cicindela germanica. 


Right inner hooks. 


72. Cicindela cuprascens macra. 


Cicindela biramosa. ° 

Cicindela campestris. 

Cicindela, species C. 

Cicindela hybrida maritima. 

Cicindela hybrida. 

Cicindeia, species D. 

Cicindela obsoleta. 

Cicindela silvicola. 

Cicindeia germanica. 

Ctenostoma (?) species, dorsal aspect of head. 

Ctenostoma (7?) species, ventral aspect of eighth, ninth, and tenth 
abdominal segments. 

Ctenostoma (?) species, dorsal aspect of fifth abdominal segment. 





U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 65, ART. I7 PL. II 





species D cuprascens macra 


164 165 


campestris 


161 162 








hybrida hybrida maritima euphratica obsoleta 


166 167 168 169 170 





cuprascens macra biramosa campestris aide: c hybrida maritima 


172 173 174 | 176 








171 oe ee 5 oho sileicola germanica 
ybrida 178 179 780 181 





Ctenostoma ? 


184 





Ctenostoma ? 


183 
THIRD ABDOMINAL SEGMENTS AND SETAL PLANS OF TIGER-BEETLE LARVAE 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 84 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 65, ART. 





COLLYRIS, SPECIES EMARGINATUS DEJEAN OR BONELLII GUERIN 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 85 





PEATE 12s 
Collyris, species emarginatus Dejean or Bonellii Guérin. 


Fig. 185. Larva, dorsal aspect. 
186. Larva, lateral aspect. 
187. Head and pronotum, dorsal aspect. 
188. Head, ventral aspect. 
189. Head, lateral aspect. 
190. Twigs of coffee plant; «a. Showing the opening to the exterior. 0. 
Portion of the twig cut away showing the burrow in the pith. 
191. Labium, ventral aspect. 
192. Antenna. 
193. Right prothoracie leg, cephalic aspect. 
194. Left metathoracic leg, caudal aspect. 
195. Right mandible, dorsal aspect. 
196. Left maxilla, ventral aspect. 





INDEX. 


This index includes the generic and specific name used in this paper. The generic 
names have been indicated by bold-face type. 


Page Page. 
LORNA U4 See eee eee 44a latesionata na a eee ee 29 
TTDI S 1 1s er ae ee ere ee ee Le 67 | lecontei, var. of scutellarigs________ 48 
ENT ERAN E We a ee Gu Plepidaes ft ete Siw tes at & ei ae oe 82 
DINRINO SAE ee ae ee es a 21 | Life history discussion___._________ 13 
DOdelee ee ee G2melimbalig@s n= se te eee ee ee 25 
CHlitommicClses == Hee ee a 662 Piimbata estat ss tele ee es 56 
CaInpestrigtae. a2 = sete ee Zealcmaroinatas =o cen we eee nee 45 
CALOlindes == We eee 59 | maritima, var. of hybrida_________ 54 
Olcindola se: 222-2 en ee a eee USS ee Morphology=e ssa saan 2 een ee 2 
@icindelidaes === === =o ean LOS opsoletays== ee ee 51 
CIMATIONG == aa aaa ea ZENO ns Moet tk ees oe See 65 
Oldesincation=-9-- ea == a= VAS oregond 2 ee te eee ee ee oe 38 
Collvrig ne ee GT pul chrapee =o nee Bee 51 
Otenostoma.—- 22s a2 2 2 ea cee a === 68) | punctulatas=)-@222>- 2-2-2 41 
CUplAascensmuaAClAa-=——--—--——-—-——— 49 | purpurea, var. graminea__________- OF 
eviindritormige == a a 70 | rectilaterata, var. of flavopunctata_ 42 
dorsalis saulceyi _---.------------ 20 | repanda-------~--_-~--~-~-------- 31 
duodecimguttata __-__-_---______ 39 | saulceyi, var. of dorsalis___._______ 20 
edwardsii Fs 69 | Scutellaris, var. lecontei--------_~- 48 
pmaveimetus’ SMS ee ae hie Qo |) SeQuOlan Os ene ee eee 68 
Po aa UOe me ee i sexcuttata=—=—- 2 eS 23 
BUDATOD CH es =e ee ea ae 58 ‘Ivicol 37 
flavopunctata, var. rectilatera______ TO ee nC een on an eee ae ae 
PREMIER nt ee ees A 46 | Species A-------------~---------- 22 
formosa, var. generosa______-___-_-- 47 SpeEore B__---------------------- 28 
SV ECICR = ee re 30 
generosa, var. of formosa_____-_~_~ 47 ae D 54 
OMIM ANAC AR ete a 8 Saas neniaye aeee ee Oe ae ae ee ae ea S 
: Petracha oe es 57 
graminea, var. of purpurea_______~ 27 ; ae 
Seto mae se era atl Se 37 | tranquebarica ----------_----_---- 36 
Rah oT seni mall ne ae? 55 | unipunctata__---___-__--------__- 3 
Mig WPAGA eet td eA 53 | virginica ---------------~--------- 60 
hybrida, var, maritimas——---- ~~~ 54 





NOTES ON ENTOMOSTRACA FROM COLORADO. 
THE SHANTZ COLLECTIONS FROM THE PIKES PEAK REGION. 


G. S. Dopps, 
Of West Virginia University. 


The collections of entomostraca described in this paper were made 
by Dr. H. L. Shantz, mainly during the summers of 1903 and 1904. 
He made them the basis of a paper,! in which he gives a full descrip- 
tion of the lakes, together with notes on various features of their fauna 
and flora. Full determination of the species of entromostraca in the 
collections were not, however, included in that paper. The collections 
have since been turned over to the United States National Museum, 
and at the request of the curator of marine invertebrates I have made 
determinations of the species. A number of the vials of the lot had 
dried, but there remained 169 vials of material in good condition, 
most of which contained entomostraca. 

These collections are from two groups of lakes, one including nine 
bodies of water near timber line on the slopes of Pikes Peak, at eleva- 
tions of 3,110 to 3,626 meters (10,200 to 11,890 feet) above sea level, 
the other 14 lakes and ponds on the plains, near Colorado Springs, 
just at the eastern base of Pikes Peak, at elevations of 1,800 to 2,203 
meters (5,969 to 7,225 feet). It should also be noted that five of the 
lakes in the higher group were described by Ward ? in 1904, the paper 
including a list of 13 species of entromostraca. This paper and the 
one by Shantz describe the region and the lakes so well that no further 
notes are needed in the present paper. The collections of Shantz 
should also be considered in connection with findings of the author in 
studies of entomostraca from both mountains and plains of Colorado, 
mainly from collections from the region of Boulder and Tolland, 
Colorado, about 65 miles north of Pikes Peak.’ 

Thirty-one species of entomostraca have been identified from the 
collections of Shantz, distributed as follows: Phyllopoda 1, Cladocera 
19, Copepoda 11 species. For a detailed list of the species collected 
in each lake see Table 1. Three of these species have not previously 
been reported from Colorado, Diphanosoma brachyurum, Ceriodaphnia 





1Shantz, H. L. A Biological Study of the Lakes of the Pikes Peak Region, Trans. Amer. Micros. Soc., 
vol. 27, pp. 75-98, with three plates, 1907. 

2 Ward, Henry B. A Biological Reconaissance of some Elevated Lakes of the Sierras and the Rockies, 
Trans. Amer. Micros. Soc., vol. 25, pp. 127-154, with 12 plates. 

3 Dodds, G.S. Descriptions of Two New Species of Entomostraca from Colorado, with Notes on Other 
Species, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 49, pp. 97-102, 1915; Altitudinal Distribution of Entomostraca in 
Colorado, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 54, pp. 58-87, 1917; Entomostraca and Life Zones, Biol. Bull., vol. 
39, pp. 89-107, 1920. 


No. 253!1—PRoOcEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VoL. 65 Arr. 18. 
45554—_25—Proc.N.M.vol.65——37 1 


2 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 65. 


quadrangula, and Diaptomus washingtonensis. ‘The finding of Diap- 
tomus washingtonensis here, at the eastern base of the Rocky Moun- 
tains, is of interest. The species was described by Marsh from 
material collected at Walla Walla, Washington, and its occurrence 
here is a long extension of range for a species of this genus, which is 
one composed of many species, most of which have rather limited 
range. It makes up an important part of the fauna of six lakes on 
the plains, but is not found in any of those in the mountains. There 
seems to be no doubt about the identification, as it bears all the 
marks by which Doctor Marsh distinguished it from D. signicauda, and 
agrees well with his figures and descriptions of material from the 
State of Washington. 

The State of Colorado includes an area that has a far greater 
biological significance than might be expected of a mere political 
area. Situated as it is, astride the Continental Divide, it includes 
the highest portion of the Rockies, is the meeting place of eastern 
and western faunas, includes lowland areas of both the Great Plains 
and the Great Basin, and in its higher areas includes southern exten- 
sions of high northern faunas. It is thus a meeting place for faunas 
which under ordinary conditions are separated by hundreds of miles. 
The State includes portions of five life zones—Upper Sonoran, 
Transition, Canadian, Hudsonian, and Arctic-alpine. The collections 
of Shantz are of interest because they include a section through all 
of these zones with the very different climatic conditions prevailing 
at the extremes. It was with these conditions in mind that Shantz 
selected these lakes for study, as clearly indicated in the opening 
paragraph of his paper: 

Here, within a few miles of each other, are two groups of lakes representing 
quite different types, the alpine and those of the plains. The alpine lakes lie 
far up on the mountains, * * * with typical alpine surroundings. The 
plains lakes lie on the western edge of the Great Plains, * * * with condi- 
tions which are in no wise alpine. They are lowland lakes. 

The species in these collections take on their greatest significance 
when considered in connection with the above facts, especially when 
considered in connection with my own collections from the Tolland 
region. It is hoped that the frequent reference to my own collections 
are made in such a way as to emphasize the importance of those 
made by Shantz, which, though made several years before I had done 
any collecting, unfortunately, were not determined, and so were 
deprived of the priority of notice to which they were entitled. Though 
they do not include by any means as many lakes as do mine, had 
they been studied soon after they were made they would have antici- 
pated many of the facts presented in my earlier papers. 

The species in these collections, just as did those from my own 
collections, fall into three natural groups, (1) 13 species found on the 
plains but not extending into the mountains, (2) 9 species found only 


ArT. 18. ENTOMOSTRACA FROM: COLORADO—DODDS. 3 


in the mountains, and (3) 9 species found in both groups of lakes. 
The third group includes the euthermic species, those which are able 
to live in both warm and cold water, while the first and second 


meters BS 
Slax In Suton id assis no svi 
x q nu nD ") 

















Diaptomus shoshone ++ ++ 
Macrothrix montana « » ++ - 
Latona setifera--- += -+r-- 
Pleuroxus procurvatus » - - - - 
Branchinecta coloradensis - - -\[. 
Diaptomus nudus - -- - - --- 
Diaptomus leptopus - - - - - - - 
Alona affinis ----------- 
Alona rectangula -------- 
Daphnia longispina 
Daphnia pulex'- - - - - ~---- 
Ceriodaphnia reficulata - - ~ - 
Macrothrix hirsuticornis ~ - - - 
Chydorus sphaericus - - - - - - 
Cyclops albidus - - - -- - - - 
Cyclops bicuspidatus - -- - - - 
Cyclops serrulalus - - - -:- - - - 
Cyclops viridis - - -------- 
Graptoleberis testudinaria - - - 
Simocephalus vetulus - - - - - - 
Scapholeberis mucronata - - - - 
Bosthina longirostris 
Dunhevedia crassa.--+.- --- 
Pleuroxus adunctus - - = + - + - 
Leydigea quadrangularis - - » -|. 
Diaptomus claviceps -  - - - - 
Diaptomus siciloides - -» - » - 7) 
Diaptamus albuquerquensis ne 
Diaptomus washingtonensis - « 
Diphanosoma brachyurum~ «= 
Ceriodaphnia quadrangula » +} 





‘ ‘ ‘ 8 

° Ss 

8 ° aS) 3 S = 3 
Se er ae ee Se 
w& ™~ Q S32 = = ~ 


feet 


Fic. 1.—GRAPHIC REPRESENTATION OF ALTITUDINAL RANGE OF THE SPECIES OF ENTOMOSTRACA COLLECTED 
BY H. L. SHANTZ IN THE PIKE’S PEAK REGION. THE SOLID BLACK PART OF EACH BAR REPRESENTS THE 
RANGE OF ALTITUDE COVERED BY THE PRESENT COLLECTIONS, THE OPEN PART THE EXTENSIONS OF RANGE 
BY MAKING USE OF ALL OTHER RECORDS FROM THE STATE OF COLORADO. 


groups are composed of stenothermic species, which are more nar- 
rowly limited to water of about the same temperature, the one group 
to colder waters, the other to warmer. These three groups are 
clearly shown in Figure 1. The significance of these records becomes 


aa PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, 65. 


more apparent when we remember that these two groups of lakes 
are separated by but a few miles, the extremes of the two being 
separated by not more than 10 miles. Yet the two groups support 
entomostracan faunas quite distinct from each other, as distinct 
as if separated by hundreds of miles in a north and south direction, 
a fact which emphasizes the importance of an altitudinal difference of 
a little more than a thousand meters. It is commonly recognized 
that the entomostraca are a group in which dispersal is easy, as indi- 
cated by the cosmopolitan distribution of some species and the wide 
range of nearly all genera. Yet here, close together, we find two 
groups of lakes in each of which there are several species which are 
not found in the other. The several species common to the two 
groups stand in strong contrast to the others and serve to emphasize 
the fact that temperature may be an effective barrier for some species 
but not for others. 

The zonal distribution of the species in these collections agrees 
well with that of the same species as found in the Tolland region. 
In a few instances the Shantz collections have served to extend the 
range of species into altitudes in which they had not previously been 
collected in the Colorado region, and in others they fail to give certain 
species as wide a range as assigned to them on the basis of collections 
in various other parts of the State. This, however, is not sur- 
prising. The gratifying thing is the large extent of the agreement, 
and the few differences are not surprising in view of the relatively 
small amount of the work that has been done in this as well as in 
other parts of the State. It is of interest to remember, also, that the 
lakes on the plains are artificial, that the oldest was only 28 years old 
at the time Shantz made his collections, and that most of them are 
far younger than that, and that even the youngest of them had an 
abundant entomostracan fauna (as Mesa No. 3, which was only 1 
year old and yet yielded eight species). 

The lakes of the higher group fall into two divisions on the basis 
of their fauna, and these two divisions have an altitudinal significance. 
Dead Lake, which falls within the Husdonian or upper part of the 
Canadian zone, typifies the highest division and agrees well with 
the 43 lakes and ponds in the Tolland region assigned to the Alpine 
Zone (Dodds 717). In the 22 vials of material from this lake there 
were 11 species. By far the most abundant among them were 
Daphnia pulex and Diaptomus shoshone, the two species which 
characterize the highest lakes of the Tolland region. Branchinecta 
coloradensis, another typically alpine form,‘ is also present. Certain 





4 Shantz, H. L. Notes on the North American Species of Branchinecta and their Habits, Biol. Bull., 
vol. 9, pp. 249-264, 1905. 

Branchinecta coloradensis has been considered an exclusively alpine species, but if the record as deter- 
mined by the author from a collection sent him from St. Vrain, Colorado, at 1,525 meters (5,000 feet) , 
May 30, 1912, be correct, our notions on this must be revised. The author invites comment on this and 
would be glad cf additional material bearing on this point. (See Dodds ’17, p. 77.) 





ART. 18. ENTOMOSTRACA FROM COLORADO—DODDS. 5 


of the other species from this lake have also a significance as belonging 
to mountain lakes, but none of them are definitely related to the 
alpine zone as distinct from other mountain elevations. Bald 
Mountain Lake, 52 meters above timber line, doubtless also belongs 
to the alpine zone, but its fauna, as represented in the collections, 
is too scant to be of significance, except for the presence of Daphnia 
pulex. 

Michigan Lake, 288 meters below timber line, while at nearly the 
same elevation as Dead Lake, has a decidedly different fauna, one 
which relates it to a lower zone in agreement with the 63 lakes of the 
Tolland region assigned to the Montane (probably Canadian) zone. 
In this lake are found as the dominant species Daphnia longispina 
and Diaptomus leptopus, var. piscinae in place of the two species of 
these genera found in Dead Lake. In two other lakes, Heart and 
Fish, this is also the case, while in Ribbon Lake these two species 
are also very abundant with a few individuals of Daphnia pulex in 
one of the collections. It has been shown clearly in the Tolland 
region that Diaptomus shoshone belongs to a higher group of lakes than 
does D. leptopus, var. piscinae, and though no very definite alti- 
tudinal difference is apparent in the Pike’s Peak group, probably 
because the number of lakes is few and they are at not greatly differ- 
ing altitudes, it is quite probable that the same significance attaches 
to these two species here as in the Tolland region. In making 
studies of altitudinal zonation it is a striking fact that local condi- 
tions often change the biotic conditions, so that zonal boundaries are 
ragged. In the Tolland region, while the two species of Diaptomus 
did unquestionably belong to two different altitudinal regions, there 
were a few scattered lakes containing D. shoshone well within the area 
occupied in the main by D. leptopus. It was also a striking fact 
in the Tolland region that in mountain lakes where Diaptomus sho- 
shone was present the species of Daphnia present was pulex, and that 
when Diaptomus leptomus was present, Daphnia longispina rather 
than pulex was present. In hardly any instance were both species of 
Diaptomus found in the same lake nor both species of Daphnia. 
The collections of Shantz show the same relations to exist in the 
Pike’s Peak lakes between these four species. They have been 
selected as ‘‘zone indicators” because when present in a lake they 
are usually there in considerable numbers and because they appear 
to give a consistent separation between zones. 

Other species of significance in the mountain group of lakes, as 
belonging to mountain rather than to lowland lakes, though not of 
use in differentiating between the zones within the mountains, are 
Macrothriz montana (described by Birge from Pike’s Peak material 
and so far not reported from other localities), Latona setifera, Pleuroxus 
procurvatus, and Diaptomus nudus, which belong to the colder zones, 


6 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 65. 


either in northern latitudes or in higher elevations of more southern 
regions. 

The lakes on the plains, as previously mentioned, have several 
species in common with those in the mountains, but they lack those 
just mentioned as belonging especially to the mountains. In addition 
they have several species which do not extend into the mountains at 
all, but are common forms in lowland lakes. Conspicuous among 
these are four species of Diaptomus, which, both on account of their 
size and their numbers, constitute an important part of the entomos- 
tracan fauna. Diaptomus claviceps and D. washingtonensis are found 
in abundance in five lakes, while D. siciloides and D. albuquerquensis 
are plenty in certain others. It would be of interest to have collec- 
tions from other lakes in this region to determine whether these four 
species are commonly associated in these two groups, and if possible 
to determine the underlying conditions. Daphnia pulex is commonly 
present in these lakes, but D. longispina was not collected, the findings 
again agreeing with common conditions in the plains portion of the 
State. The other species do not call for special comment. 

In regard to amount of entomostracan life, there is some advantage, 
though not great, with the lakes on the plains. The mountain lakes 
are by no means scant in species or in individuals, nor is the size of 
the individuals less than in the warmer lakes. I have made no 
attempt to compare in detail the fauna of the different lakes. Points 
of interest might appear in such a study, but it appears that the great- 
est interest of these collections is their relation to altitudinal zonation 
and their bearing upon this problem as it has been studied at other 
points in the same general region. 


DODDS. 


ENTOMOSTRACA FROM COLORADO 


ART. 18. 





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NEW NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF BEES BELONGING 
TO THE GENUS HALICTUS (CHLORALICTUS). 


By Grace ADELBERT SANDHOUSE, 
of the University of Colorado, Boulder. 


INTRODUCTION. 


Since the name Chloralictus was suggested by Robertson in 1902 
for certain of the metallic-colored Halictine bees, many interesting new 
species have been added to this subgenus. The Rocky Mountain 
States, with their very diverse habitats, have yielded a majority of 
the species, and still continue to yield many species. Through the 
efforts of Robertson considerable knowledge of the Chloralicti of 
Illinois has been given us, and the Chloralictus fauna of the east- 
central States seems to be quite like that of Illinois. The number 
of species reported from the Southern States has been remarkably 
small, a few having been recorded from Florida. In the Pacific 
States, California has yielded several very interesting species. 

In the collection of Prof. T. D. A. Cockerell, of the University of 
Colorado, is a number of Chloralictus—both male and females—from 
widely separated localities. During the last year the writer has been 
privileged to work up this collection under the supervision of Pro- 
fessor Cockerell. The result has been an unusually large number of 
new species. In very few cases were there representatives of the two 
sexes from one locality; or, if so represented, the differences between 
the sexes were so great that it was not considered advisable to at- 
tempt to match them until further data were obtained. Keys have 
been compiled for all of the species represented in Professor Cock- 
erell’s collection as well as the newspecies, but it was not found prac- 
ticable to include in these key species known only from descriptions. 


KEY TO FEMALES OF HALICTUS (CHLORALICTUS).! 


Comparatively large, anterior wing at least 6 mm. long; wings somewhat dusky, 


EXCOPE ANE CON MELE iss ee AS See SRE ee ete ee oe eee 1 
Smallerspecies, usually with paler wings ¢ 7025. P2035 202 I 9 
i: -ADoonrem Ditle Gh eroens 2) over eee eck ete Sue ess SOE BUT 200 Sears 2 


Abdomen black? iS SN PA RG RES SOE AGE Pere aa Es 4 





1See second paragraph of introduction for statement of species included in this key. 


No. 2532—PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VoL. 65, ArT. 19. 
45554—25—Proe. N.M.vol.65——38 1 


10. 


Le 


12. 


13. 


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19. 


. Head and thorax dark ‘blue or bluc-ereen B25 2). 22 ee ewe eae 3 


PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 65. 


. Mesothorax dark blue, coarsely granular (Costa Rica)............ sudus Vachal. 


Mesothorax: \ereent: o022.26 5-5 ade alo ee ee 3 


. Mesothorax shining olive green, with scattered punctures. ... aquilae Cockerell. 


Mesothorax brassy green, closely punctured (Colorado). . olivarius, new species. 


Head and thorax largely green; no blue tints ................-.......---.- 6 


. Mesothorax dullish, with rather close punctures; disk of propodeum with 


plicae largely confined to the basal part (New Mexico)......-.- euryceps Ellis 
Mesothorax somewhat shining, more sparsely punctured; disk of propodeum 
rugose (Massachusetts) “40. TRAGLIGL. MIA. nigroviridis Graenicher. 


. Mesothorax rugoso-punctate (Iowa) ...............----.---- bruneri Crawford. 


“I 


Mesothorax distinctly punctured oe hs ee ee 


. Mesothorax with small close punctures; disk of propodeum witb somewhat 


discontinuous Tugae: (Colorado) poste ttee ke ee--- 2 =e ee eee zophops Ellis. 
Mesothorax coarsely punctured (Eastern States)........-...--..-...------ 8 


. Wings clear; disk of propodeum brassy green, crescentic, plicate. 


connexus Cresson. 

(Tegulae and wings reddish)..............-.----...--.----- subconnexus Ellis. 
Wings not clear; tegulae dark; disk of propodeum blue, strongly rugose. 

nymphaearum Robertson. 


. Cheeks with a large tubercle below; head large; abdomen with greenish 


luster (New Mexiee) are SMe. SO Cae ee ee oleosus Cockerell. 
Cheeks not this ‘tuberculate: 9:5.) .A0/. i006. A Gay. Gand. 260 S10 10 
Small species with punctured tegulae ............------2.----------+-+-+- 11 
‘Lesulac not thusipunctured 3 x20 45528) ete ae Sea Ree Gon ee 15 
Wings clear; stigma pale; head and thorax blue-green ............-..-...-- 12 
Wings somewhat dusky; head and thorax green, sometimes brassy ........- 13 
Tegulae truncate posteriorly; disk of propodeum with irregularly anasto- 
mGdine Fugaé (llinoisa) P1922 fs. AL ok IT 10 ae tegularis Robertson. 
Tegulae pointed posteriorly; disk of propodeum granular (New Mexico). 
tegulariformis Crawford. 
Mesothorax green; disk of propodeum plicate (Massachusetts). 
ellisiae, new species. 
Mesothorax often brassy or coppery; disk of propodeum not plicate ......-. 14 
Mesothorax brassy with purplish reflections; tegulae strongly punctured; disk 
of propodeum long with radiating rugae....... tile .-perparvus Elis. 
Mesothorax golden green; disk of propodeum papas eeoulee me deli- 
entelys punctured. i o.2 022. Soc. gens Sie Chee eee pseudotegularis Cockerell. 
Mesothorax very dark olive green; disk of propodeum long, granular; tegulae 
strougly punctured (Calitornmi) * S27 P9 42. 220<. 2S. tas helianthi Cockerell. 
Abdomen’ largely: blue or'preeniIorle Wo 2OI.38.1L BA OMG. ak 16 
Abdomen fredro:11. x<[gs0. ssupoetal As puso paagl- geet ).ad-ahuises-ad-alfens® 
Abdomen ‘black or brown... 2s Ss.cc Skeet thee ce oe ee ee 43 
Brilliant steel blue species; wings somewhat dusky; stigma dark (Illinois). 
coeruleus Robertson. 
Not so colored. coc 00 oc8 staat codon Soe ee eas oe ae a 17 
Wings white, very clear; stigma honey color; pubescence pure white. ....-. 18 
Wings not thus clear; stigma darker; pubescence dull or yellowish white.... 22 
Mesothorax blue, sparsely punctured; abdomen polished, impunctate (New 
MGR G0) cra ecinatinn cat halts ace acalaie Neeateaee semicoeruleus Cockerell. 
Mesothorax golden or blue-green, more closely punctured; abdomen punc- 
MAURO re cat a cin nay Seca eas aids sche eel eae ee 19 
Head oval; disk of propodeum with discontinuous plicae_.._.pruinosus Robertson. 
Head normal, subcireular:2 5: 5.2. sate ee te eee eee 20 


arT.19. AMERICAN BEES OF THE GENUS HALICTUS—SANDHOUSE 3 


20. 


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33. 


34. 


Apex of flagellum ferruginous; mesothorax opaque, closely punctured; disk 
of propodeum with irregularly anastomosing rugae (New Mexico). 
microlepoides Ellis. 
Flagellum not ferruginous; mesothorax polished, coarsely punctured.......- 21 
Disk of propodeum brilliant blue, rugose.............. pruinosiformis Crawford. 
Disk of propodeum color of mesothorax, rugulose (Colorado). 
glaucovirens Cockerell. 
Mesothorax very closely punctured with both coarse and finer punctures; disk 


of prepodeum plicate (California).............2....... diversopunctatus Ellis. 
Mosaithoraxinot thus punctured j2a6us: -2fssilee ~ asp) oe Sess ee eetes le hee 23 
Head narrow; orbits almost parallel; flagellum yellow-testaceous beneath 

(Colorado) Bait 202 eh cere Paired aes ee ety Le pavoninus Ellis. 
Head normal, subcircular; orbits converging..............-...--..--e-0e- 24 
Tegulae dark; ‘dark blue-preen speeles 24-2 bets g ab ows ylacs iss onivwnblowadé 25 
Heralad-lishts lighter species: sag -5258 c2e obs bee kee ahs de = Joareeh baat 26 


Abdomen obovate; disk of propodeum anne plicate (Colorado). 
sedi. new species. 
Abdomen more slender; disk of propodeum brilliant blue, with irregularly 


anastomosing rugae (New Mexico).................------- veganus Cockerell. 
Wings and tegulae reddish; mesothorax opaque, very closely punctured; disk 

of propodeum granular (Colorado). - 2:04 22mih $520 ieee sleds whos lazulis Ellis. 
Wanesand teculaenotued demeds : ty.ts caidteanh eae 4 cane 2s Weeks teed 27 
Mesothorax polished olive green, delicately punctured; disk of propodeum 

long, plicae confined to basal part (Colorado)........ academicus, new species. 
Mesothorax golden green, closely punctured...............-+.---------+--- 28 


Head comparatively broad; disk of propodeum granular; pubescence yel- 
lowish; flagellum yellow-testaceous beneath (California). 
actinosus, new species. 
eadsnormale. 275 Lusk oq ehs ene oe. Wea ieee ok AS Se ae! Salt 29 
(These seem to be very closely related.) 
Flagellum dusky ferruginous at apex; disk of propodeum microscopically 
tessellate between anastomosing rugae (Illinois) .............. pilosus Smith. 
Species little smaller: 
Flagellum clear ferruginous at apex; scutellum golden green (Colorado) 
succinipennis Ellis. 
Scutellum color of mesothorax; disk of propodeum longer than in the two 
preceding species, polished at the apex (Maine). 
pilosus leucocomus Lovell. 


Ahdomenydusisypted tind a least are. Jace sys esbuaeh. dee obeldh 31 
Aibdomen\cleatired. or orange-red 33.5... 22), 225 22 e baseties soieo cue >< 35 
Larger, i627) mmyjlomecs: a3). 28 Bnei tes SEE «ant Sempre Seine 32 
Sinallor-slessithanepmm: slong’. ails acs Sb. el Pe ese RS SRAM 33 
Wings faintly dusky; head and thorax olive green, very closely punctured 

(Californias Bas Sees SING, StS NS ee cere acts petrellus Cockerell. 
Wings very clear; head and thorax shining blue-green, more sparsely punc- 

ture dial (Nie war Mies COs sacl eset wep ey ot See ae ea ee sy na eophilus Ellis. 
Head and thorax blue-green; flagellum ferruginous, paler beneath. 


stultus Cresson- 


Head and thorax olive green; flagellum‘dark: : 2. 2.2.2. 4etauies lksed a -- 34 
Abdomen largely dark and submetallic; the light parts orange-ferruginous 
Ce oasis co ao es a os oop NAL AN eae aac nymphalis Smith. 


Abdomen chestnut red, a little greenish on middle of third segment (Ne- 
EURO Set ice een ek ata SNe path ae NM a hist ¢ pictus Crawford. 


35. 
36. 
37. 
38. 
39. 
40. 
41. 
42. 
43. 
44. 


45. 


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47. 
48. 


49. 


50 


dl. 


PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL, 65. 


Head and thorax quite densely clothed with short ochraceous hair (Kast- 


ern Stakesytis 28 6). OST AMONG CUA AOTY, BPE OF vierecki Crawford. 
Heke aid thdrax not. thus ‘clothed .’7-.-. 5202... 6..~ ac eee coco ee nace 36 
Mesothorax blue, shining, delicately punctured................-.-.------ 37 
M GaothOrne “Preeti =. = 5: ..~.n 3. OE 20 RO SO POSETEE 32 eee 38 
Face quadrate; disk of propodeum polished, with weak plicae on base only 
CATIOORM) CONS . To ec ae ne cee cae aeeen tee reeene eee kunzei Cockerell. 
Face subcircular; disk of propodeum with anastomosing rugae (New Mex- 
BE aOR OTIS os Si ce ce cttacte ee ete tee ae RIN HE clarissimus Ellis. 
Disk of propodeum shining: plicate, abdomen hoary with yellowish hair 
Wisconsin) Sie 727 SU ARR AeA RNG See graenicheri Ellis. 
Disk of propodeum granular or reticulated..........---.-.---52222----00-- 39 
Mesothorax closely punctured.....20 2207122 Re SRE OAS SOe, Sees 40 
Mesothorax sparsely or delicately punctured. ...........-.---.-...-------- 41 
Head broad; disk of propodeum long, reticulated; flagellum dark (New 
Mexico) SP sioia 2) SUV SULT SOE ae clematisellus Cockerell. 
Head normal; disk of propodeum short, granular; flagellum testaceous (Colo- 
PAAGY STE [ISM LUNG FORTS - BIS OO 1) MAD. SOE hudsoniellus Cockerell. 
Thorax and abdomen hoary with white hair; disk of propodeum short, with 
coarsely anastomosing rugae (New Mexico)......-...-. mesillensis Cockerell. 
Thorax and abdomen not thus hoary; disk of propodeum long.........-... 42 
Larger, about 6 mm. long; flagellum dark, dusky ferruginous at the apex; 
leos'lareely dark (Colorado). 2/0/22s'8F. . 29203. 9ST scrophulariae Cockerell. 
Smaller, 4.5 mm. long; flagellum yellow-testaceous beneath; legs largely 
testaceous (North Dakota) ... 202208 VO. SL testaceus Robertson. 
Small species, anterior wing about 3 mm. long; often with very clear wings.. 44 
Larger species . . 2 PiG32U28 22 PUIG SRO et ea eee ot seen meee n= = 55 
Tepuise dark? winte- faintly dusky... -./2. 2.22.22 2<----c-- 5s cnceenenes* 45 
Tegulae light; or if tegulae reddened, wings clear.............----------- 49 
Head and thorax blue... . 2.22...) U PERT LE aS 9S 9S. DSS aa een ee 46 
Head and thbtax ‘preenOd J9. F122. (F998. 28. BOO O TTR CREE See 47 


Mesothorax very dark blue, finely and closely punctured; disk of propo- 
deum semicircular, finely granular (New Mexico). 
ruidosensis Cockerell, variety. 
Mesothorax more brilliant blue, more coarsely punctured; disk of propo- 
deum truncate posteriorly, granular with fine radiating plicae (St. Vincent, 


W.T.).. oo oe. Sa PS RL 8 Se, Aa a plumbeus Ashmead. 
Disk of propodeum granular; mesothorax opaque (Jamaica) ..... jamaicae Ellis. 
Disk of propodeum not granular, plicate on basal portion; mesothorax 

somewhat polished 2: 3. 2s255s032350s005 PATRI a SR eee 48 


Mesothorax brassy green; disk of propodeum short (Jamaica). 

liguanensis, new species. 
Mesothorax not brassy; disk of propodeum longer (Guatemala). ...deceptor Ellis. 
Wings milky white, or very clear white................--2---.2.2-22.200 50 
Wihifis (yellowish? ™ .. RPO Pel? AOMINe FER, DOR DERE. state. aes era ee 53 


. Mesothorax opaque, granular; disk of propodeum granular (Virginia). 


coreopsis Robertson: 
Mesothorax shining blue, delicately punctured; disk of propodeum not 


or hardly- granular: 75 22.5 pS eae ce eae ee caren ees 51 
Head, thorax, and abdomen hoary with white hair; disk of propodeum 
plicate on base only (New Mexico) ...........---------..-- pallidellus Ellis. 


NGG true Hoary Cs FO: OLDIE BO: OBI ITG en tea Se os ee aa ee ee eee ee 52 


akT.19.. AMERICAN BEES OF THE GENUS HALICTUS—-SANDHOUSE., 5 


52. 


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60. 


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62. 


63. 


64. 


65. 


66. 


67. 


Head narrow; flagellum clear ferruginous; disk of propodeum polished. 
semibrunneus Cockerell. 

Head normal; flagellum dark; disk of propodeum faintly granular with fine 
radiating plicae (Eastern States)..........-----4------+..- sparsus Robertson. 

Disk of propodeum not granular; mesothorax more coarsely punctured 
(Western: States) 424<P 3 ache tame seHndeweens doedte sparsus, variety Ellis MSS, 

Mesothorax polished, delicately punctured; disk of propodeum weakly pli- 
eaiilate, On Dane Onlye a. Yee cee Se. h ie ie cls ain me ele eae exiguus Smith. 
Mesothorax opaque; sculpturing of disk of propodeum, not confined to base.. 54 

Mesothorax with sparse shallow punctures; disk of propodeum plicate (Massa- 
PROBES asx porcintee eo etal eter tne plata ae na admirandus, new species. 

Mesothorax more closely punctured; disk of propodeum rugose (Nevada). 
nevadensis Crawford. 


Teculae dark; wings dusky; stigma dark. ... od diresejgacnucs ehewnns-easediioxsh 56 
Tegulae light; or if somewhat dark, wings not dusky...............-.--.-- 63 
Head and thorax brassy or bronze green; abdomen with bronze reflections; 

disk of propodeum plicate on base only (Guatemala)... .. umbripennis Ellis. 
Headt anduthorax; mt 80 pj) cys es bs pier - bj05d = owalele ee wd deraelese Gorge artistes Me 57 
Mesothorax polished, sparsely punctured; disk of propodeum with weak pli- 

cae largely confined to base (Colorado)............-.....-- tenax, new species. 
Mesothorax opaque, more closely punctured.........--- 2s se. scene eee eee 58 
Mesothorax very closely punctured, giving a granular appearance; disk of 


propodeum granular, apex polished (Colorado and New Mexico). 
ruidosensis Cockerell. 


Mesothorax not so closely punctured; disk of propodeum not granular. ..... 59 
Larger; mesothorax very coarsely punctured; disk of propodeum very sharply 
truncated, with coarse plicae (New Jersey).........-..- oceanicus Cockerell. 
Smaller: not so seulptured soaps « tmcis pees asaantin ee w sister eblowndim - ibe re® 60 
Abdomen and legs brown; mandibles red; disk of propodeum with radiating 
mupilae (Grenada, Wi. U)ic ci scls.6 cine mein, nla eyo sie wise sanctivincenti Ashmead. 
Abdomen:and-legs black; mandibles, dark si.:. -< tien sieis tie + ojo beursiware dime afsizte 61 
Flagellum dusky ferruginous; disk of propodeum short, the plicae not reach- 
ing the apex, which is polished (Maine)..........-.......-..- versans Lovell. 
Flagellum black; plicae reaching the apex of disk of propodeum, which is 
longer (Colorado) -3.c1cecco hae cin fois nia bts a nie bls e swe oln.c ano e olgpectoee te = 62 
Mesothorax with shallow, scattered punctures; apical margins of abdominal 
segments testaceous; abdomen narrower at base.........- pacatus, new species. 
Mesothorax quite closely punctured; apical margins of abdominal segments 
black; abdomen broad at the base........--......----. viridatulus Cockerell. 
Wings clear white; pubescence pure white, abundant..........-..-..-.-.. 64 


Wings more or less yellowish; pubescence more sparse, dull or yellowish white.. 67 
Mesothorax very coarsely punctured; disk of propodeum with somewhat dis- 


continuous plicae; abdomen black.........--......... albipennis Robertson. 
Mesothorax not so coarsely punctured; abdomen brown..........---..----- 65 
Smaller; mesothorax blue, delicately punctured; disk of propodeum reticu- 

lated (New) Mexteo) otis 2.1-/scied clea eS ois SS? yey aoe eie ee alius, new species. 
Larger; mesothorax golden green, closely punctured; disk of propodeum not 

reticulatedas. & eaeainess sub wees ies op tan wet Bat Piatt eat 2 66 


Disk of propodeum brilliant blue, granular (New Mexico). .perdifficilis Cockerell. 
Disk of propodeum color of mesothorax, plicate, polished at the apex (Leth- 


brie elias) ai amr atidet «cd Bi. i. eles pol bs okt sctbbaresen laevissimus Smith. 
Face subquadrate; inner orbits arched above; clypeus and supraclypeal area 
PGLSHe ss ce ae ra ee ae Oe SEE So bly uai dicta! as'sin o/e winyei les 68 


Notactshead marrow Or SUbCIFCUlAtS scam tier cee se cicre pscicateis <2 «/clsictsietea! saieiels 69 


68. 


69. 


70. 


PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. - VoL, 65. 


Mesothorax delicately punctured (Eastern States)........-.. hortensis Lovell. 
Mesothorax coarsely punctured (Western States)............-- crassiceps Ellis. 
Head and thorax rugoso-punctate (See 6) (lowaand Nebraska). . bruneri Crawford. 
Head and thorax with more or less distinct punctures. ..........-....----- 70 
Head very narrow; flagellum clear ferruginous; mesothorax granular, with 
shallow punctures; disk of propodeum granular (North Carolina). 
longiceps Robertson. 


IN ot SSO tata tata t PPPS Ata HIE Sv Paar atc Acta eo et PS ao 71 
71. Small and slender species; abdomen somewhat bluish; disk of propodeum 
obscurely sculptured! (Colorado) 222.) eo Ye ee SR ee tenuis Ellis. 
NOP SOM AO SES Ree. chs Renee seiadasesas Sk sease sc eninn aera. 72 
72. Mesothorax golden dr brassy green: HPL. 22 a, ote. Ree. Seb eee 73 
MeHaEn Drak Ol BO COLTON 26 ciaie nn <a.sicmicie seen inne inte re ele ee Green ieee 80 
73. Mesothorax -coaraely: punctured:.--.s24 YE) 292 Bs LEU. REL A Bee 7 
Mesothorax with fine or delicate punctures...........--.--..------------ 77 
74. Mesothorax with contiguous punctures; disk of propodeum with irregularly 
anastomosing rugae (Colorado)............. -.----------- perpunctatus Ellis. 


75. 


76. 


V7. 


78. 


79. 


80. 


81. 


82. 


(Mesothorax not or hardly golden, but with similar punctation to that above; 
disk of propodeum with rugae not anastomosing (California) (Ellis MSS). 
perpunctatus, var. californiae Ellis, new variety.” 
Not:so- punctured: < 22+: 22: 2242 )0M SIA See SEOs 75 
Tegulae pale; wings clear; disk of propodeum microscopically tessellate 
between rugae; apex of abdomen somewhat greenish (Texas). 
disparilis Crawford. 
Tegulae and wings reddened, abdomen entirely black (New Jersey).-.....-- 76 
Mesothorax polished; disk of propodeum strongly rugose. ..cressonii Robertson. 
Mesothorax opaque; disk of propodeum plicate...........-.-.-- cattellae Ellis. 
Small; mesothorax very closely punctured, bronzen; disk of propodeum 
cranular with radiating plicae (Jamaica)...............-...gemmatus Smith. 
Larger; not so. Se ie ete a ee Naa wae aie 0 
Disk of mopedeura obscurely sculptitel: iabgs and aid orien ibe with 
yellowish pubescence (Illinois).....................-- ..zephyrus Smith. 
Legs and abdomen black; disk of pagedeest ne so scitpleired Of O04 BAe 79 
Legs entirely black; tegulae reddened; disk of propodeum plicatulate (New 
Mexico)...-.... mEEs .--.-----caducus, new species. 
Legs not so, witli kites red; epiite! piles ‘disk ai fos Buin with anasto- 
mosiie ‘+ugae ( California)! .24 MISE MeV ee impavidus, new species. 
Mesothorax opaque, closely or coarsely punctured ............-------- 81 
Mesothorax shining, delicately or sparsely punctured. .-.......---.------- 85 
Tegulae reddish; mesothorax with coarse punctures; disk of propodeum 
plicate "Caine a2. STG BO Rae Ee. viridatus Lovell. 
(Mesothorax somewhat brassy, more slender; plicae somewhat wrinkled. 
viridatus, variety a, new variety).° 


Tegulae: pale; ‘mesothorax finely punctured {O05 222702 23 JON PRLS. 82 
Disk'of propedetm pranular' (Floridayh 30/2202. 2 Aaa eee 83 
Disk of poser not granulatls~2 ,asse2 roses Seae tee ee. Peres: 84 


+ Mrs. Ellis had the following notes on this variety: ‘California specimens of perpuncta/us differ in the 
mesothorax being smoother, the punctures being smaller; basal area of the metathorax with the rim a 
little sharper in the variety. Two specimens, Pasadena.” 

3Mrs. Ellis had pointed out this variety, but a name now preoccupied was given. The writer has 
preferred to designate the variety by a letter only. Mrs. Ellis’s notes were as follows: ‘‘Variety a is 
more slender and has the abdomen more metallic and the margins of the abdominal segments less testa- 
ceous.”’ 


arv.19. AMERICAN BEES OF THE GENUS HALICTUS—SANDHOUSE. 7 


83. Larger; pubescence yellowish; legs brown; abdomen brownish, apical mar- 
gins of segments broadly testaceous.......--......---- floridanus Robertson. 
Smaller; pubescence dull white; legs and abdomen black. .ashmeadii Robertson. 
84. Disk of propodeum shining, microscopically tessellate between discontinu- 
OMNIS GO UTES RE a ts VS a ve RATAN HEE Oe AD a eat versatus Robertson. 
Disk of propodeum dull, with irregular, wrinkled rugae (New Mexico). 
comis, new species. 


85. Tegulae somewhat reddened (Mountain States).........--.-....---------- 86 

TPeculse pale: testachous seee seaside stapes estas etd ee eet 89 

86. Smaller, slender species; plicae confined to base of disk of propodeum. ...-- 87 
Larger, robust species; head broad; plicae reaching the apex of the disk of 

propodeum 0h 022 2S ak lout. oases eid ese - BY SBASE spa doek $5-582 88 

87. Disk of propodeum blue, shining, with few plicae......-. meritus, new species. 
Disk of propodeum green; plicate at sides of disk; somewhat anastomosing 

TULAc OM. Median partion Giske. 2 202 So0 S55 5 ts - ee arcanus, new species. 

88. Diskiof. propodeumsecrescentic :..7 Jj.,225. act ne cas) i cies sence latus, new species. 


Disk of propodeum longer; plicae weak on median part of disk. 
phaceliarum Cockerell. 
89. Mesothorax and scutellum polished, dark, very sparsely punctured; disk of 
propodeum plicate on base only; flagellum ferruginous; mandibles clear 
reds (Guatemala) 3/52) bas ag asi aaks ate. Segoe ys + bere tropicior Ellis. 
Not so; mesothorax blue-green, or lighter green..........-.---.---------- 90 
90. Head broad; robust species; disk of propodeum plicate (Iowa). 
unicus, new species. 
Head normal or narrow; more slender species.....-----.--.---+------+-+-0+- 91 
91. Abdomen brownish, slender, with quite abundant white hair; disk of propo- 
deum finely granular with few weak plicae (New Mexico) ....oblongus Lovell. 


Abdomen black, broader, first two segments without pibegecuce pas Oe mous 92 

92. Legs entirely black; disk of ae microscopically tessellate between 
rugae. Be Sea SE en OE, asen a eR IO 2 reap ey os acme Rioname JO 
Knees aad) ao meddeneds soitie site SCO AR eG EN Sera a aS re aay wl nae ects te ate ete 94 
93. Abdomen sparsely pubescent (Maine) ..........---- oblongus planatus Lovell. 
Abdomen with subappressed hair (Nebraska)...........- politissimus Cockerell. 
94. Disk of propodeum plicate (Colorado)...........-------- absimilis, new species. 


Disk of propodeum weakly rugulose on base only (Iowa). 
vintonensis, new species. 


KEY TO MALES OF HALICTUS (CHLORALICTUS). 4 


Legs entirely red; under side of abdomen red..........-..--.---- aquilae Cockerell. 
Legs not entirely red; under side of abdomen not red; or if reddish, then upper 
BIASFAlSO WCUCINM ME Se sees te ee eee Meee ee rs Snead die ensinteees 1 
i Thorax andvabdomen/testaceous s 4200.5 saa. soosees. eons ees bruesi Cockerell. 
Thorax not testaceous. oF. Se Aae oie NG eae ee ae Se ete ee eee ae 
2. Small species with eeemee feeiee! Spee Sree alo Biea arses Me eee cates GaP e 
Tegulae not punctured .. : wehatrciets 6 
3. Mesothorax steel blue; devel fale beneath enero Soke cco 
Mesothorax dark blue or greenish blue; Ayebiane little ane Pencat Bee Nee 5 
4. Disk of propodeum brilliant blue, crescentic, plicate; flagellum yellow- 
testaceous beneath (California)..............--------- gaudialis, new species. 
Disk of propodeum color of mesothorax, longer, rugose; flagellum chrome- 
orange beneath (New Mexico)........-------------- tegulariformis Crawford. 





3 See second paragraph of introduction for statement of species included in this key. 


10. 


11. 


12. 


13. 


14. 


15. 


16. 


if. 


18. 


19. 


20. 


21. 


22. 


PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 65. 


. Wings faintly reddish; face color of mesothorax (Colorado). 


paululus, new species. 
Wings clear; stigma and nervures testaceous; face olive green (Guatemala). 
pseudotegularis Cockerell. 


“Abdomen G16 or ‘greens: 2 es ele sis se seos ee a ee. 7 


Abdomén not blue of green? 20279. eee Te AL ig. 2 Ae Tt 


. Larger; golden green; pubescence ochraceous; wings yellowish (Massachusetts). 


pilosus Smith. 
Smaller; blue; pubescence pure white; wings very clear................-- 8 


. Head broader than long; disk of a hae with a semicircular inclosing rim. 


(New Mexico). ae -.se-+---.-.--exalbidus, new species. 
Head not so; die af pedpedoant noun so encioatans 2 “aratatet ane PEE 9 


. Hoary with very dense white pubescence; disk of propodeun! berlliastt pie! 


plicate .. SEPSIS SIRI 2 RES OP, ofa paiiesiformiis Grawiord. 
Nt BOE: CAR ROEE 2? ke ced Joo ee Be oe oR BIS BOLO ERE oe 18 
Disk of propodeum with irregularly wrinkled sige first recurrent nervure 
joining second transverso-cubital (New Mexico) - . . albohirtus Crawford 
Disk of propodeum polished, obscurely sculptured; sacl submarginal cell 
receiving first recurrent nervure a little distance from the apex (Colorado). 
actuarius, new species. 
Abdomen red, suffused with blackish; head and thorax green; disk of pro- 
podeum plicate (EHineis): 89°08. 72258. 0. AP Re zephyrus Smith. 
Abdomen black*ordark“prown'? Shea ot to. Sete eee? Vane peo 12 
Clypeus entirely yellow, or at least the lower half yellow. ...........---.-- 13 
Clypeus not yellow, or the anterior margin obscurely yellowish. .........-.- 18 
Head and thorax olive green; flagellum dark (Colorado) .... sagax, new species. 
Head and thorax blue-green or blue; flagellum pale beneath ........-....- 14 
Tegulae very pale; legs largely yellow..-.......-..----2- 222-22. e eee 15 
Teruise dark’ tégs largely dark 20% WUSaiNG ie sa. fe ae ee 16 


Mesothorax somewhat brassy; abdomen punctured (New Mexico). 
hyalinus Crawford. 


Mesothorax blue-green; abdomen not punctured {New Mexico). 
perexiguus, new species. 

Mesothorax delicately punctured; mandibles yellow (Colorado). 
occultus, new species. 
Mesothorax closely punctured; mandibles dark (Colorado) ............-.-- 17 


Head and thorax blue-green; disk of propodeum subcrescentic. 
evestigatus, new species. 


Head and thorax blue; disk of propodeum longer, brilliant blue. 
pikei, new species. 


Tegulae and stigma dark; wings dusky; usually larger species, except 
RISILLUS- ATA OO NUD UU Si ooo orm aches Sian gat ce ai Rake ata eee eae ee 19 
Tegulae and wings pale; or if tegulae reddened, then wings paler; usually 
small species, except nymphaearum, connexus, and albipennis ........-.-- 29 
Small specter, Jess than -b:imm, Jong. 3«\ 520 505...ce 2 oe oe ae ee 20 
LLAtper SDOCIES: <2 edhe Peele an a ee ae 21 


Mesothorax blue-green; disk of propodeum plicate (Colorado). 
obnubilus, new species. 


Mesothorax blue; disk of propodeum plicate on base only (New Mexico). 
insulsus, new species. 


Head and thorax brassy olive green; disk of propodeum rugose. 
oblongus Lovell. 


Head’ and thorax blue or-ereen; not brassy == -: «2-2-2 22 sso cn 2 see eee eee 22 
Sculpturing confined todisk of propodeum <./c. 20-2. . .c ee cee ee cece cease, 20 
Sculpturing not confined to disk of propodeum...............----..------- 24 





arT.19. AMERICAN BEES OF THE GENUS HALICTUS—SANDHOUSE. 9 


23. 


24. 


25. 


26. 


27. 


28. 


29. 


30. 


31. 


32. 


33. 


34. 


35. 


36. 


37. 


38. 


39. 


Disk of propodeum plicatulate; apex polished; mesothorax closely punc- 
bared (Colorado), 0 Ayrcteicryateyerersiovercreciatere tererctersteveraiwretaretelara ruidosensis Cockerell. 
Disk of propodeum with somewhat wrinkled plicae reaching the apex; meso- 
thorax more sparsely punctured (Colorado)........-.. consonus, new species. 
Mesothorax shining, sparsely or delicately punctured.........-.--.------ 25 
Mesothorax opaque, coarsely punctured.......2... 0... ee eee 26 
Front above the antennae very closely punctured; disk of propodeum rugose 
COaloradG) 2908. COM a SI ee TI A ees praepes, new species. 


Front above the antennae without true punctures; apex of disk of propo- 


deum elevated, tessellate, base weakly plicate (New Mexico). 
astutus, new species. 


Tegulae and wings reddened; flagellum ferruginous beneath; mesothorax 
dark blue; pubescence on mesothorax and vertex yellowish (New Mexico). 
abundus, new species. 
‘Tegulae and wings not reddened; flagellum testaceous beneath......-.---- 27 
Disk of scutellum dull; disk of propodeum dull with irregular rugae (New 
MEXICO) eos cis an sa> Denes. see Set ber erememes Sas tranquillus, new species. 
Disk of propodeum shining; disk of scutellum with two polished spots.... 28 
Mesothorax blue; disk of propodeum plicate (Colorado)....pudicus, new ae 
Mesothorax green; disk of propodeum coarsely rugose.....----- viridatus Lovell. 
Large, 7 mm. long; disk of propodeum rugose..........-----------+-+--+-- 30 
Smallertmansncy. 2c tsctaen lesddan nce aseseadc apewdilti. ge eeee-Ed ¢ 32 
Tegulae pale testaceous; mesothorax closely punctured (Texas). 
connexus Crawford. 
Tegulae reddened; mesothorax very coarsely punctured......-.---------- 31 
Wings milky white; stigma honey color; flagellum yellow-testaceous beneath. 
albipennis Robertson. 
Wings not so; flagellum testaceous beneath........-- nymphaearum Robertson. 
Wings milky white; stigma and nervures honey color; mesothorax very 
coarsely punctured; disk of propodeum plicate (Colorado). 
lactineus, new specics. 


ONE ORSO er ocac cp oR Le Ne OH CATAL E AF RANG aoe ony guia seattle 33 
Mesothorax opaque, microscopically tessellate, very closely punctured.... 34 
Mesothorax shining, sparsely or delicately punctured........-------------- 37 


Head and thorax golden green; disk of propodeum plicate (Virginia). 
callidus, new species. 


Head and thorax blue or blue-green, not golden......-.------------------ 35 
Flagellum clear ferruginous; mandibles yellow; propodeum with discontin- 
UGUS plicae: "CVATgIIMA) ance Sree oe ca eae owe sa ete apertus, new species. 
Flagellum testaceous, yellow-testaceous beneath; mandibles dark......-.-- 36 
Tegulae reddish; disk of propodeum plicate; pubescence of abdomen yellowish 
@Vireinia)} irra. sete: Jetedevre a. shausehe sae: genuinus, new species. 
Tegulae pale testaceous; disk of propodeum rugose; pubescence of abdomen 
MOtevie ll onmis liar ys Peete ee Ae, Scio ed eR NS lel tte hc versatus, Robertson. 
Mesothorax coarsely punctured...........----.--- 2-202 - eee eee teeter eee 38 
Mesothorax delicately punctured ..........-.------ 22-502 e eee ee eee eee 40 
Head and thorax Soke green; tip of clypeus and mandibles yellowish 
hexane) esirhs seas teed SS. Jost hit ony oa oped gy disparilis Crawford. 
eed orci lae | Ge Peet ee ee se Ff eee: sm ta, Biase sate OO 
Disk of propodeum strongly rugose, ae) rugae not nee . the disk 
(Connecticut) - teers aeamtee . basilicus, new species. 


Disk of Pronoun Saieee ule pie Cons ned to ihe disk. 
nevadensis Crawford. 


10 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 65. 


40. Very small, anterior wing about 3 mm. long ........-...-...--+----------- 41 
Garger sute7nbure.. ae eerrinnarebine seer Reel cee - gees 

41. Head and thorax an green; Tutelines black; dick of epiedeusa with 
plicae on base only, apex polished (Vera Cruz, Mexico) ...... exiguus Smith. 
Head and thorax blue; flagellum testaceous beneath............-...-----. 42 

42. Disk of propodeum deep blue, short, plicate; knees and tarsi yellow 
(Vingimia) occas | de tls «dws setentir(s ies sete oat - hortensis Lovell. 

Disk of propodeum brilliant blue, pee, with fine, coe aie wrinkled 
plicae; legs entirely dark (New Mexico) ....-...-.-.--.. microlepoides Ellis. 
43. Tegulae somewhat reddened; legs black; mandibles dark ................ 44 
Tegulae very pale; knees and tarsi red; mandibles red ..........-.....-. 45 

44. Flagellum testaceous beneath; face, mesothorax, scutellum and mesopleurae 
brassy (Colorado)! 0.5.2 2ovI2F 2s 20S OL eae mactus, new species. 


Flagellum hardly paler beneath; not thus brassy (Colorado). 
pensitus, new species. 
45. (The following are very similar in size, color, punctation, etc.): 


Third joint of antennae somewhat longer than second ...............--..- 46 
Third joint of antennae hardly or no longer than second ............-..--- 47 
46. Disk of propodeum plicate (Colorado) ........-.-----.-- accentus, new species. 
Disk of propodeum rugose (New Mexico) ..-...--..---- incompletus Crawford. 
47. Abdomen entirely black, punctured (Colorado) ..........-. mollis, new species. 
Abdomen with piliferous punctures only, apical margins of segments 
testAaceous Sik tke OEE SCN S o crate lates mre ete toyete tata elon efetela miele wate etaietar= 48 
48. Mesothorax sparsely and delicately punctured; disk of propodeum plicate 
(New Mexico): =) 23022019 -2.0ho2. A Cela ae merosus, new species. 
Mesothorax more closely punctured; disk of propodeum rugose .........-. 49 
49. Disk of propodeum crescentic, with irregularly anastomosing rugae reaching 
the apex; legs and abdomen brown (Virginia) -......- malinus, new species. 
Disk of propodeum long, rugae reaching the apex which is polished; abdomen 
and. legs black (iowa),.)3.52.5_ Qua Gosek. Poe cos insolitus, new species. 


DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES. 


HALICTUS (CHLORALICTUS) OLIVARIUS, new species. 


Female.—About 8.5 mm. long; dark olive green; pubescence pale; 
facial quadrangle longer than broad; front closely punctured, the 
punctures becoming more scattered on the sides of the face; antennae 
brown, becoming bright ferruginous at the apex of the flagellum; 
orbits converging slightly below; clypeus black, coarsely punctured; 
supraclypeal area brassy, sparsely punctured. Mesothorax golden 
green, very closely punctured; parapsidal grooves quite indistinct; 
scutellum closely punctured; disk of propodeum appears rugose, but 
is covered with finely wrinkled anastomosing rugae making an irreg- 
ular reticulate surface; truncation well defined laterally; tegulae pale 
testaceous, impunctate. Abdomen ovate, without distinct hair bands, 
but with pale pubescence covering the segments; apical margins of 
segments testaceous. Wings yellowish, faintly dusky; anterior wing 
about 6 mm, long; stigma and nervures pale testaceous; basal nervure 
very strongly bent; third submarginal cell strongly contracted 
above, more than twice as long as second on marginal; second sub- 
marginal higher than broad, receiving first recurrent nervure very 





akt.19. AMERICAN BEES OF THE GENUS HALICTUS—SANDHOUSE. hy 


near apex. Legs dark with dull whitish hairs; knees red; tarsi 
somewhat reddened; hind spur pectinate with five medium long 
obtuse spines. 

Habitat.—Jumbo Reservoir, 9 miles east of Crook, Colorado, 
August 12, 1921 (Sandhouse). One specimen. 

Type.—Cat., No. 26399, U.S.N.M. 

This species seems to be quite distinct and different from any 
other Chloralictus known to the writer. 


HALICTUS (CHLORALICTUS) ELLISIAE, new species.' 


Female.—About 5 mm. long; head and thorax dark olive green, 
abdomen black; pubescence dull white, rather sparse. Facial quad- 
rangle longer than broad; orbits converging slightly below; antennae 
dark brown; front very closely punctured; sides of face with coarser, 
deeper, more scattered punctures; supraclypeal area shining, sparsely 
punctured; lower two-thirds of clypeus black, with a few coarse punc- 
tures; mandibles black. Mesothorax microscopically lineolate and 
closely punctured; scutellum very closely punctured, two smooth 
spots on the disk; disk of propodeum without a distinct inclosing rim, 
microscopically reticulate between rugae; mesopleurae coarsely punc- 
tured; tegulae dark, punctured; truncation distinct, but not sharply 
defined laterally. Abdomen broadly ovate, the only punctures pilifer- 
ous; segments sparsely clothed with yellowish-white pubescence; apical 
margins of segments brownish, transversely lineolate. Anterior wing 
3.5 mm. long; wings clear hyaline; stigma and nervures dark testa- 
ceous; second submarginal cell as broad as high at the base, but con- 
tracted above, receiving the first recurrent nervure near apex; third 
submarginal almost twice as long as second on marginal. Legs dark 
with yellowish-white pubescence; inner spur pectinate with four 
moderately long teeth. 

Habitat —Forest Hills, Massachusetts, August 5, 1911. Received 
from Dr. W. M. Wheeler. One specimen. 

Type.—Cat. No. 26400, U.S.N.M. 

Distinct from tegulariformis Crawford, from which it differs by the 
darker tegulae and stigma; broader head; darker flagellum; more 
closely punctured mesothorax; more robust species; distinct sculp- 
turing of disk of propodeum. 

From tegularis Robertson by the shining head and thorax; darker 
wings; tegulae darker, not reddish; darker flagellum; disk of pro- 
podeum not granular, but with fine plicae. 

From pseudotegularis Cockerell, which is a very small and slender 
species, with golden green mesothorax and scutellum, and with disk 
of propodeum granular. 


5 Mrs. Ellis referred this specimen to hortensis Lovell, but the punctured tegulae seem to be distinct. 
The species was named for Mrs. Ellis. 


12 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 65. 


From perparvus Ellis, which is very small and dark, with delicately 
punctured tegulae; and has a golden green mesothorax and the disk 
of the propodeum granular. 


HALICTUS (CHLORALICTUS) SEDI, new species. 


Female.—About 6 mm, long; dark greenish blue; pubescence dull 
white, rather sparse. Facial quadrangle longer than broad; sides of 
face, supraclypeal area, and upper portion of clypeus brassy green; 
front very closely punctured, the punctures becoming more scattered 
below; supraclypeal area and upper portion of clypeus with few deep 
punctures; lower part of clypeus black, without punctures; flagellum 
black, dark testaceous beneath. Mesothorax microscopically tessel- 
late, with delicate punctures; scutellum closely punctured, two pol- 
ished spots on the disk; disk of propodeum shining, with fine plicae 
on the lateral, and anastomosing rugae on the median portions, pol- 
ished at the apex; mesopleurae indistinctly punctured; tegulae testa- 
ceous, impunctate; truncation well defined laterally. Abdomen 
obovate, polished, very delicately punctured, without distinct hair 
bands, but segments sparsely covered with hairs; apical margins of 
segments testaceous. Anterior wing about 4.5mm, long; wings quite 
clear; stigma and nervures pale testaceous; second submarginal cell 
as broad as high, receiving the first recurrent nervure near the apex‘ 
almost equidistant with the third submarginal on marginal; subcostal 
nervure very dark, Legs dark with dull white pubescence; hind spur 
pectinate with four moderately long teeth. 

Habitat.—Boulder, Colorado: 1 specimen June 21, on Sedum steno- 
petalum (Cockerell); 1 specimen May 20 (M. Pope). 

Type.—Cat. No. 26401, U.S.N.M. 

Distinguished by the highly polished abdomen. 


HALICTUS (CHLORALICTUS) ACADEMICUS, new species. 


Female.—About 6 mm. long; dark blue-green; pubescence yellowish 
white. Facial quadrangle longer than broad; orbits converging 
slightly below; the only punctures on the face piliferous; antennae 
dark, flagellum ferruginous beneath; clypeus and supraclypeal area 
smooth and highly polished, without punctures, flat; lower half of 
clypeus black. Mesothorax shining, the only punctures piliferous; 
disk of propodeum rather long, microscopically tessellate, weakly 
plicate on the base only; truncation distinct laterally; tegulae very 
pale testaceous, impunctate. Abdomen obovate, without distinct 
hair bands, but the segments clothed with rather sparse pubescence; 
apical margins of segments testaceous. Wings faintly yellowish; 
anterior wing 4.2 mm. long; stigma and nervures pale testaceous; 
third submarginal cell subquadrate, a little longer than the second 





arr.19. AMERICAN BEES OF THE GENUS HALICTUS—SANDHOUSE. 18 


on the marginal; second submarginal higher than broad, receiving 
the first recurrent nervure quite near the apex. Legs dark, quite 
densely pubescent; knees and tarsi red. 

Habitat.—Boulder, Colorado, May 14 (Irene Bleasdale). 

Type.—Cat. No, 26402, U.S.N.M. 

Differs from lazulis Ellis by the darker color; more weakly punc- 
tured mesothorax; smooth clypeus and supraclypeal area; sculptur- 
ing of disk of propodeum distinct. 

Distinguished by the very delicately punctured mesothorax, and 
the clypeus and supraclypeal area very flat and polished. 


HALICTUS (CHLORALICTUS) ACTINOSUS, new species. 


Female.—About 5.5-6 mm, long; golden or brassy green; pu- 
bescence yellowish white. Facial quadrangle about as long as broad; 
front and vertex very closely punctured, the punctures becoming 
more scattered on the sides of the face; supraclypeal area and upper 
half of clypeus shining golden green with a few coarse punctures; 
lower half of clypeus black; inner orbits converging below; antennae 
dark, the flagellum rufo-testaceous beneath. Mesothorax microscop- 
ically lineolate, very closely punctured; scutellum with deep punc- 
tures, two small polished spots on the disk; disk of propodeum 
coarsely granular with rather faint irregular rugae making a reticu- 
late surface, without an inclosing rim, but polished apically; mes- 
opleura irregularly punctured; truncation well defined laterally; 
tegulae very pale testaceous, impunctate. Abdomen obovate, 
impunctate; the segments clothed with dense pubescence; apical 
margins of segments pale testaceous. Wings faintly yellowish; ante- 
rior wing 4.5 mm, long; stigma and nervures pale testaceous; second 
submarginal cell almost as broad as long, and almost as long as the 
third on the marginal; third submarginal gently contracted above, 
first recurrent nervure joining the second transverso-cubital; sub- 
costa very dark. Legs dark with yellowish pubescence. 

Habitat.—California, labeled No. 846; collector and exact locality 
unknown. 

Type.—Cat. No. 26403, U.S.N.M. 

Differs: From vegans Cockerell in having a broader head; paler 
tegulae and wings; head and thorax green; sculpturing of disk of 
propodeum distinct. 

From floridanus Robertson by the broader head; clypeus and 
supraclypeal area distinctly brassy; paler hairs; head and thorax 
golden green; disk of propodeum not granular. 

From succinipennis Ellis by the broader head; more closely punc- 
tured head and thorax; shorter disk of propodeum with distinct 
sculpturing. 


14 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL, 65. 
HALICTUS (CHLORALICTUS) LIGUANENSIS, new species. 


Female.—About 5 mm. long; head and thorax olive green; abdomen 
black; pubescence rather short and dull white. Facial quadrangle 
longer than broad; orbits converging slightly below; antennae entirely 
dark, the flagellum hardly paler beneath; face very delicately punc- 
tured, the punctures more scattered below and on the sides of the 
face; lower half of clypeus shining black with a few punctures; upper 
half of clypeus and supraclypeal area lineolate and sparsely punctured; 
mandibles reddish. Mesothorax microscopically lineolate, delicately 
punctured, the punctures more scattered on the disk; median and pa- 
rapsidal grooves distinct, but not deeply impressed; sculpturing of 
scutellum similar to that of the mesothorax, two polished spots on 
the disk; disk of propodeum without an inclosing rim, faintly tessellate 
with a few plicae at the base of the area; truncation distinct later- 
ally; tegulae reddish, impunctate. Abdomen obovate, shining, im- 
punctate; segments clothed with rather scant pubescence. Wings 
faintly dusky; anterior wing about 3.5 mm. long; stigma and nervures 
dark testaceous; second submarginal cell higher than broad, receiv- 
ing the first recurrent nervure near the apex; third submarginal a 
little longer than second on marginal. Legs dark with yellowish 
hairs; knees and tarsi somewhat reddened. 

Habitat.—Liguanea Plains, Jamaica, November-December 1911 
(C. T. Brues). 

Type.—Cat. No. 26404, U.S.N.M. 

Mrs. Ellis referred this specimen with doubt to jamaicae, but it 
seems to be distinct. . 

Differs: From jamaicae Ellis by the darker tegulae; disk of pro- 
podeum not lineolate, and plicate at base only; scutellum with two 
polished spots on disk; face more sparsely punctured. 

From deceptor Ellis by the broader face; vertex with closer punc- 
tures; legs not entirely dark; mesothorax more sparsely punctured. 


HALICTUS (CHLORALICTUS) ADMIRANDUS, new species, 


Female.—About 5-5.5 mm, long; head and thorax blue-green; 
abdomen black; pubescence white, rather dense. Facial quadrangle 
longer than broad; orbits converging below; antennae brown- 
ferruginous, becoming ferruginous at the apex of the flagellum; face 
covered with moderately close hairs; front closely punctured, the 
punctures more sparse on the sides of the face; supraclypeal area 
and upper part of the clypeus blue-green, microscopically lineolate 
and delicately punctured; lower half of clypeus shining black, with 
few coarse punctures; mandibles faintly reddish. Thorax quite 
densely pubescent; mesothorax dull, microscopically tessellate, with 
quite close but shallow punctures; punctation of scutellum similar 
to that of the mesothorax, two punctureless spots on the disk; disk 





artT,19. AMERICAN BEES OF THE GENUS HALICTUS—SANDHOUSE. 15 


of propodeum without a distinct inclosing rim, shining, plicae extend- 
ing across the disk and reaching the apex; truncation clearly defined 
laterally; tegulae very pale,impunctate. Abdomen obovate, shining; 
segments 1-2 rather sparsely pubescent; segments 3-5 clothed with 
dense, appressed hairs; apical margins of segments testaceous. 
Wings clear; anterior wing about 3.5 mm. long; stigma and 
nervures honey color, except the costal nervure which is dark 
testaceous; second submarginal cell higher than broad, receiving 
the first recurrent nervure very near the apex; third submarginal 
little longer than second on marginal. Legs dark, covered with 
white hairs; knees and tarsi clear red; hind spur not visible. 

Habitat.— Woods Hole, Massachusetts (Eleth Cattell). 

Type.—Cat. No. 26405, U.S.N.M. 


HALICTUS (CHLORALICTUS) TENAX, new species. 


Female.—About 5.5—-6 mm. long; head and thorax dark blue-green; 
abdomen black; pubescence yellowish white, sparse. Facial quad- 
rangle longer than broad; orbits converging slightly below; antennae 
entirely dark; face shining dark blue; vertex closely punctured; 
front with a brassy tint, sparsely punctured; supraclypeal area 
and upper half of clypeus somewhat brassy, rather closely punc- 
tured; clypeus shining black below, with few coarse downward-open- 
ing punctures; apex of mandibles red. Mesothorax shining, micro- 
scopically lineolate; quite closely punctured, the punctures a lit- 
tle more scattered on the disk; scutellum closely punctured, two 
smooth spots on the disk, each of these spots has two very large punc- 
tures; disk of propodeum without an inclosing rim, smooth, shining, 
dark blue, with a few plicae at the base of the disk only; truncation 
well defined laterally; tegulae dark testaceous, impunctate. Abdo- 
men obovate, piceous, impunctate; segments 1—2 almost without hairs; 
segments 3-5 with sparse white hairs; apical margins of segments 
narrowly testaceous. Wings faintly dusky; anterior wing 4 mm. 
long; stigma and nervures testaceous; second submarginal cell higher 
than broad, receiving the first recurrent nervure near the apex; third 
submarginal about one and one-half times as long as second on mar- 
ginal, Legs dark with yellowish white pubescence; hind spur pecti- 
nate with three moderately long teeth; tips of hind basitarsi and 
apical tarsi reddened. 

Habitat—Longs Peak Inn, Colorado, June 25, and August 13 
(Cockerell). Three specimens. 

Type.—Cat. No. 26406, U.S.N.M. 

Differs from viridatulus Cockerell by the shining mesothorax with 
weak punctures, not lineolate; head, mesothorax, and propodeum 
more brilliant blue; disk of propodeum without such strong plicae. 


16 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 65. 
HALICTUS (CHLORALICTUS) PACATUS, new species. 


Female.—About 6 mm, long; head and thorax dark green; abdomen 
black; pubescence white. Facial quadrangle longer than broad; orbits 
converging below; antennae dark, the flagellum scarcely paler beneath; 
front closely punctured; sides of face with shallow open punctures;. 
supraclypeal area and upper portion of clypeus microscopically lineo- 
late and coarsely punctured; lower half of clypeus shining black, with 
few coarse punctures. Mesothorax broad, microscopically tessellate, 
with moderately close, but coarse punctures evenly distributed over 
the surface; scutellum finely punctured, two polished spots on the disk; 
disk of propodeum without a distinct inclosing rim, microscopically 
tessellate, with few slightly wrinkled plicae reaching the apex; trun- 
cation well defined laterally; tegulae dark testaceous, impunctate. 
Abdomen obovate, impunctate; the first segment almost without 
hairs, the other segments sparsely clothed with short hairs. Wings 
somewhat dusky; anterior wing about 4.5 mm. long; stigma and 
nervures testaceous; second submarginal cell slightly higher than 
broad receiving the first recurrent nervure near the apex; third sub- 
marginal little longer than second on marginal. Legs dark with yel- 
lowish white hairs; hind spur pectinate with four moderately long 
teeth. 

Habitat.—Peaceful Valley, Colorado, 1919 (Cockerell). Two speci- 
mens. 

Type.—Cat. No. 26407, U.S.N.M. 


HALICTUS (CHLORALICTUS) ALIUS, new species. 


Female.—About 5-5.5 mm. long; head and thorax blue-green; 
abdomen black; pubescence white. Facial quadrangle somewhat 
longer than broad; flagellum rufo-testaceous, paler beneath; front 
with rather close shallow punctures, the punctures deeper and more 
scattered on the sides of the face; supraclypeal area and upper half 
of clypeus delicately punctured; lower half of clypeus shining black, 
coarsely punctured; fringed with yellowish hairs; mandibles red. 
Thorax clothed with rather abundant pubescence; mesothorax shin- 
ing, with faint microscopic lineolations and rather close, shallow 
punctures; punctation of scutellum similar to that of the meso- 
thorax, two polished spots on the disk; disk of propodeum long, 
inclosed by a low rim, shining, microscopically tessellate, with faint, 
very irregularly anastomosing rugae; truncation distinct laterally; 
teculae very pale testaceous, impunctate. Abdomen ovate, impunc- 
tate; segments 1-2 shining, spersely pubescent; segments 3-5 clothed 
with dense subappressed hairs. Wings very clear; anterior wing 
4.25 mm. long; stigma and nervures very pale testaceous; second 
submarginal cell considerably higher than broad, receiving first 





arT.19. AMERICAN BEES OF THE GENUS HALICTUS—SANDHOUSE. 17 


recurrent nervure near the apex; third submarginal subquadrate, 
little longer than the second on marginal. Legs dark with dull white 
hairs; knees, tips of tibiae, and tarsi pale rufo-testaceous; hind spur 
pectinate with four moderately long teeth. 

Habitat.—La Cueva, Organ Mountains, New Mexico, September 2, 
at flowers of Nuttallia multvflora (Townsend). 

Type.—Cat. No. 26408, U.S.N.M. 


HALICTUS (CHLORALICTUS) CADUCUS, new species, 


Female.—About 6.5 mm. long; head and thorax dark olive green; 
abdomen black; pubescence dull white. Facial quadrangle longer 
than broad; orbits converging slightly below; face with a bronze 
reflection, clothed with rather sparse pubescence; antennae dark, the 
flagellum becoming dark ferruginous at the apex; vertex very closely 
punctured; front with more scattered deep punctures; part of clypeus 
and supraclypeal area bronze green, sparsely punctured; lower half of 
clypeus shining black, with a few downward-opening punctures, 
fringed below with yellowish hairs; mandibles dark, reddish at the 
tips. Mesothorax brassy green, shining, with faint microsopic tessel- 
lations and scattered punctures; scutellum brassy green, delicately 
punctured on the anterior part, the punctures coarser posteriorly, 
two polished spots on the disk; disk of propodeum without a distinct 
inclosing rim, slightly elevated posteriorly, median portion of disk 
finely granular with a few anastomosing rugae, the lateral portions 
plicatulate, the plicae extending on to the sides of the propodeum; 
truncation distinct laterally; tegulae reddish testaceous, impunctate. 
Abdomen piceous, obovate; apical margins of segments testaceous; 
segments 1-2 shining, sparsely pubescent; segments 3-5, with appres- 
sed, dull white hairs. Wings clear yellowish; anterior wing 4.5 mm. 
long; stigma and nervures very pale testaceous; second submarginal 
cell almost as broad as long; first recurrent nervure joining second 
transverso-cubital; third submarginal sharply contracted above, 
about equidistant with the second on the marginal, Legs dark with 
dull white pubescence; hind spur pectinate with three teeth. 

Habitat —Santa Fe, New Mexico, October 3, at garden marigold 
No. 5620 (Cockerell). 

Type.—Cat. No. 26409, U.S.N.M. 

Differs: From versatus Robertson by the reddened tegulae; meso- 
thorax shining, with more scattered punctures; more slender species; 
face shining; more sparse pubescence; polished scutellum, 

From nevadensis Crawford by the larger size; more golden green 
face and mesothorax; more sparsely punctured mesothorax; disk of 
propodeum plicatulate. 


18 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 65. 
HALICTUS (CHLORALICTUS) IMPAVIDUS, new species, 


Female.— About 5.5-6 mm. long; head and thorax olive green; 
abdomen black; pubescence white. Facial quadrangle longer than 
broad; orbits converging below; face covered with rather abundant 
white hairs; front with close but shallow punctures, the punctures 
more scattered on the sides of the face; supraclypeal area and upper 
half of clypeus with a few deep punctures; lower half of clypeus black, 
with very few coarse punctures, fringed with yellowish hairs; antennae 
dark brown, the flagellum dark ferruginous beneath. Mesothorax 
brassy green, shining, quite closely punctured; scutellum shining, the 
disk entirely covered with delicate punctures; disk of propodeum 
without an inclosing rim, the median portion with irregularly anasto- 
mosing rugae, the sides of the disk plicate; mesopleurae with coarse 
shallow punctures; truncation well defined laterally; tegulae very pale 
testaceous, impunctate. Abdomen obovate, impunctate; apical mar- 
gins of segments testaceous; segments 1-2 sparsely pubescent; seg- 
ments 3-5, with more abundant white hairs. Wings clear; anterior 
wing 4.25 mm. long; stigma and nervures pale testaceous; second 
submarginal cell broader at the base than it is high, but contracted 
above, receiving the first recurrent nervure very near the apex; third 
submarginal gently contracted above, about one and one-half times as 
long as second on the marginal. Legs dark with yellowish-white 
pubescence; knees and tarsi reddened; hind spur pectinate with 
three moderately long teeth. 

Hahitat.—California, labeled No. 903. Collector and exact local- 
ity unknown. 

Type.—Cat. No. 26410, U.S.N.M. 


HALICTUS (CHLORALICTUS) COMIS, new species. 


Female.—About 5-5.5 mm. long; head and thorax blue-green; ab- 
domen black; pubescence white. Facial quadrangle somewhat longer 
than broad; orbits converging slightly below; antennae dark reddish 
brown, becoming scarcely paler at the apex of the flagellum; face 
clothed with moderately dense short white hairs; front very closely 
punctured; supraclypeal area and upper one-third of clypeus micro- 
scopically tessellate and sparsely punctured; clypeus largely black, 
shining, with a few coarse punctures, fringed with yellowish hairs; 
mandibles dark red. Thorax closely covered with rather short white 
hairs; mesothorax opaque, microscopically tessellate with rather close, 
deep punctures; punctation of scutellum similar to that of the 
mesothorax; disk of propodeum crescentic, without an inclosing rim, 
microscopically tessellate between irregular rugae; truncation well 
defined laterally; tegulae pale testaceous, impunctate. Abdomen 
obovate, impunctate, sparsely pubescent; apical margins of segments 





aRT. 19. AMERICAN BEES OF THE GENUS HALICTUS—SANDHOUSE. 19 


brownish testaceous. Wings clear yellowish; anterior wing about 
4 mm. long; stigma and nervures very pale testaceous; second sub- 
marginal cell higher than broad, gently contracted above; receiving 
first recurrent nervure very near the apex; third submarginal quite 
sharply contracted above, little longer than second on marginal, 
Legs dark brown, with dull white hairs; hind spur pectinate with 
three moderately long teeth; apical tarsi somewhat reddened. 

Haltat.—Las Cruces (College Farm), New Mexico, on Melilotus, 
No. 2914 (Cockerell). 

Type.—Cat. No. 26411, U.'S.N.M. 


HALICTUS (CHLORALICTUS) MERITUS, new species. 


Female.—About 5.5 mm. long; head and thorax dark green; abdo- 
men black; pubescence white, rather sparse. Facial quadrangle some- 
what longer than broad; orbits converging slightly below; antennae 
dark, the flagellum hardly paler beneath; face with quite close, 
shallow punctures; above, the punctures become more dense; supra- 
clypeal area and upper half of clypeus microscopically lineolate, 
sparsely punctured; lower half of clypeus black, very coarsely puns- 
tured, fringed with yellowish hairs. Mesothorax shining, microscop- 
ically lineolate, punctured, the punctures about twice the diameter 
of a puncture apart; scutellum similarly punctured, with two pointed 
spots on the disk; disk of propodeum shining dark blue, crescentic, 
without an inclosing rim, with coarse plicae not reaching the apex 
which is polished; truncation not sharply defined, but distinct 
laterally; tegulae red-testaceous, impunctate. Abdomen obovate, 
shining, impunctate; bases of segments with narrow bands of white 
appressed hair; apical margins of segments dark testaceous. Wings 
hyaline, faintly iridescent; anterior wing 4.25 mm. long; stigma 
and nervures rather pale testaceous; second submarginal higher than 
broad, receiving the first recurrent nervure quite near the apex; third 
submarginal very broad at the base, contracted above, about one and 
one-third times as long as second on the marginal. Legs black with 
yellowish hairs. 

Habitat.—Halfway House, Pikes Peak, Colorado, May 30, at flowers. 
Fragaria (Cockerell). 

Type.—Cat. No. 26412,U.S.N.M. 


HALICTUS (CHLORALICTUS) ARCANUS, new species. 


Female.—About 6 mm. long; head and thorax blue-green; abdomen 
black; pubescence white. Facial quadrangle longer than broad; 
orbits converging quite sharply below; face covered with rather sparse 
pubescence; antennae very dark brown, almost black, hardly paler 
beneath; front closely punctured; sides of face with scattered, outward 
opening punctures; supraclypeal area and upper half of clypeus with 


oy PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, 65. 


a brassy tinge, sparsely punctured; lower half of clypeus black, 
coarsely punctured, fringed with yellowish hairs; mandibles red. 
Thorax clothed with moderately dense white hairs, more abundant. 
on the sides; mesothorax shining, microscopically lineolate, the punc- 
tures about the diameter of a puncture apart; scutellum microscopi- 
cally tessellate, opaque, with deep punctures; disk of propodeum 
crescentic, polished posteriorly, rugae almost parallel on the lateral 
portions of disk, anastomosing medially; truncation not sharply defined 
but distinct laterally; tegulae red-testaceous, impunctate. Abdomen 
obovate, impunctate, without distinct hair bands, but segments cov- 
ered with white subappressed hairs; first abdominal segment punc- 
tured on the median portion, the second segment punctured on the 
base; segments 1-2 sparsely pubescent, Wings clear; anterior wing 
4.5 mm, long; stigma and nervures pale testaceous; second submar- 
ginal cell higher than broad, receiving the first recurrent nervure near 
the apex; third submarginal rather gently contracted above, about. 
one and one-half times as long as second on marginal, Legs black 
with dull white hairs; hind spur pectinate with four moderately 
long teeth. 

Habitat.—White Mountains, New Mexico, July 20, on flowers, Ver- 
bascum thapsus (C. H. T. Townsend). 

Type.—Cat. No. 26413, U.S.N.M. 


HALICTUS (CHLORALICTUS) LATUS, new species. 


Female.—About 6.5—7 mm. long; head and thorax dark olive green; 
abdomen black; pubescence yellowish white. Facial quadrangle about 
as broad as long; orbits converging slightly below; face clothed 
with moderately dense pubescence; front closely punctured, the 
punctures more scattered and indistinct below the antennae; sup- 
raclypeal area microscopically lineolate, with few deep punctures; 
clypeus produced little below the lower margins of the eyes, lower 
half shining black, with few coarse punctures, fringed with yellow- 
ish hairs. Thorax clothed with moderately abundant yellowish white 
hairs; mesothorax broad, shining, microscopically tessellate, with 
scattered shallow punctures; median and parapsidal grooves deeply 
impressed; scutellum closely and coarsely punctured, two polished 
spots on the disk; disk of propodeum crescentic, without an in- 
closing rim, shining, with coarse plicae extending to the posterior 
margin, median portion of disk slightly elevated posteriorly, and tes- 
sellate; truncation distinct laterally; tegulae rufo-testaceous, impunc- 
tate. Abdomen obovate, impunctate; segments 1-2 almost without 
pubescence, shining; segments 3-5 covered with subappressed yellow- 
ish hairs. Anterior wing about 5 mm. long; wings hyaline; stigma 
and nervures pale testaceous; second submarginal cell higher than 
broad, receiving the first recurrent nervure very near the apex; third 





agTt.19. AMERICAN BEES OF THE GENUS HALICTUS—SANDHOUSE. 2] 


submarginal sharply contracted above and little longer than second 
on the marginal. Legs black, with quite abundant yellowish hairs; 
hind spur pectinate with three moderately long teeth. 

Habitat.—Colorado Springs, Colorado, April 20, at flowers of willow 
(W. P. Cockerell). 

Type.—Cat. No, 26414, U.S.N.M. 

Distinguished from other Chloralictus by the broad head; and from 
unicus by the reddish tegulae, olive-green mesothorax, hind spur with 
three teeth, darker stigma and nervures. 


HALICTUS (CHLORALICTUS) UNICUS, new species. 


Female.—About 6.5 mm. long; head and thorax dark blue-green; 
abdomen black; pubescence largely dull white. Facial quadrangle 
about as broad as long; orbits converging below; face covered with 
moderately dense pubescence; front with close shallow punctures; 
sides of face and supraclypeal area microscopically lineolate, with deep 
scattered punctures; clypeus largely shining black, with few very 
coarse punctures, fringed with yellowish hairs; antennae dark, flagel- 
lum reddened beneath, especially apically. Thorax clothed with 
abundant white pubescence; mesothorax broad, microscopically line- 
olate, with coarse scattered punctures; scutellum sculptured similarly 
to the mesothorax, two large polished spots on the disk; disk of pro- 
podeum crescentic, without an inclosing rim, with few coarse plicae, 
plicae somewhat wrinkled, especially on the median portion; trun- 
cation distinct laterally; tegulae pale testaceous, impunctate. Ab- 
domen broadly obovate,impunctate; first abdominal segment as broad 
as second; segments 1-2 shining, almost without pubescence; seg- 
ments 3-5 clothed with dense subappressed yellowish white hairs. 
Anterior wing 5 mm. long; wings clear; stigma and nervures honey 
color; second submarginal cell higher than broad, scarcely contracted 
above, receiving the first recurrent nervure very near the apex; third 
submarginal very gently contracted above, about twice as long as 
second on marginal. Legs black, with dense dull white hairs; hind 
spur pectinate with four moderately long teeth. 

Habitat.—Seven miles east of Vinton, Iowa, June 29, 1922 (Sand- 
house). 

Type.—Cat. No. 26415, U.S.N.M. 

Kasily distinguished from other Chloralictus by the broad head, and 
from latus by the paler tegulae and nervures; blue-green mesothorax; 
hind spur with four teeth. 


HALICTUS (CHLORALICTUS) ABSIMILIS, new species. 


Female.—About 6 mm. long; head and thorax blue-green; abdomen 
black; pubescence white. Facial quadrangle longer than broad; 
inner orbits converging below; front above the antennae with close 


29 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 65. 


shallow punctures; sides of face, part of the clypeus and supracly- 
peal area microscopically lineolate, more sparsely punctured; lower 
part of clypeus black, shining, with a few coarse punctures; flagellum 
dark testaceous, paler beneath and at the apex. Thorax quite densely 
pubescent; mesothorax shining, microscopically lineolate, with mod- 
erately close, shallow punctures, the punctures closer at the extreme 
posterior and lateral margins; punctation of scutellum similar to 
that of the mesothorax, two large polished spots on the disk; disk of 
propodeum rather long, without a distinct inclosing rim, microscopi- 
cally tessellate, with more or less discontinuous plicae; truncation 
distinct laterally; tegulae very pale testaceous, impunctate. Abdo- 
men obovate, shining, impunctate; segments 1-2 with sparse dull 
white pubescence; segments 3-5 densely clothed with subappressed 
dull white hairs; apical margins of segments 3-4 testaceous. Ante- 
rior wing 4.5 mm. long; wings hyaline; stigma and nervures pale 
testaceous; second submarginal cell higher than broad, receiving the 
first recurrent nervure near the apex; third submarginal subquad- 
rate, gently contracted above, little longer than the second on mar- 
ginal. Legs dark, with dull white hairs; knees and tarsi dark red; 
hind spur pectinate with four moderately long teeth. 

Habitat.—Sterling, Colorado, July 10, 1920, on dandelion (Taraxa- 
cum) (Sandhouse) 

Type.—Cat. No, 26416, U.S.N.M. 


HALICTUS (CHLORALICTUS) VINTONENSIS, new species. 


Female.—About 5 mm. long; head and thorax olive green; abdomen 
black; pubescence dull or yellowish white. Facial quadrangle dis- 
tinctly longer than broad; inner orbits converging gently below; face 
shining, clothed with quite abundant pubescence, rather closely and 
delicately punctured; supraclypeal area sparsely punctured; clypeus 
largely green, sparsely punctured, black below, fringed with yellowish 
hairs; antennae largely dark, flagellum dark testaceous beneath; 
mandibles red. Thorax shining with quite abundant pubescence; 
mesothorax smooth, with very delicate punctures; scutellum with 
disk largely polished, dull and delicately punctured at posterior mar- 
gin; disk of propodeum long, without a distinct inclosing rim, micro- 
scopically tessellate, with irregular rugae on basal portion only; 
truncation distinct laterally; tezulae very pale testaceous, impunctate. 
Abdomen ovate, shining, quite sparsely pubescent, impunctate; 
apical half of segments 1-2 with bronzen reflections; anterior wing 
4.2 mm. long; wings hyaline; stigma and nervures pale testaceous; 
subcostal nervure very dark; second submarginal cell higher than 
broad, receiving the first recurrent nervure very near the apex; third 
submarginal hardly contracted above, almost twice as long as second 





art.19. AMERICAN BEES OF THE GENUS HALICTUS—SANDHOUSE. 28 


on the marginal. Legs black, covered with dense yellowish pubes- 
cence; knees and tarsi clear red; hind spur pectinate with four mod- 
erately long teeth. 

Habitat.—Vinton, Iowa, June 23, 1922 (Sandhouse). Two speci- 
mens. 


Ty pe.—Cat. No. 26417, U.S.N.M. 
HALICTUS (CHLORALICTUS) GAUDIALIS, new species. 


Male.—About 4.5 mm. long; head and thorax brilliant blue; abdo- 
men black; pubescence pure white. Face clothed with dense pubes- 
cence; facial quadrangle longer than broad; inner orbits converging 
sharply below; antennae dark brown, flagellum yellow-testaceous 
beneath, second and third antennal joints of equal length; front closely 
punctured, the punctures becoming hardly more scattered below 
antennae and on supraclypeal area; clypeus largely black, produced 
about two-thirds its length below the eyes, coarsely punctured. 
Thorax slender, with moderately dense pubescence; mesothorax shin- 
ing, coarsely and closely punctured; scutellum and metathorax closely 
punctured; disk of propodeum crescentic, shining, with a low inclos- 
ing rim posteriorly, plicae radiating slightly, reaching the apex; 
mesopleurae coarsely punctured; sides of propodeum punctured; trun- 
cation distinct, but not sharply defined laterally; tegulae dark, opaque, 
with close and deep punctures. Abdomen ovate, black, bases of seg- 
ments clothed with fine white hairs, delicately punctured; apical 
margins of segments polished. Wings clear; anterior wing 3.5 mm. 
long; stigma and nervures testaceous; second submarginal cell twice 
as high as broad, receiving the first recurrent nervure very near the 
apex; third submarginal broad at the base, contracted about one-half 
above, almost twice as long as second on the marginal. Legs black, 
or very dark brown; tarsi paler brown; pubescence moderately dense. 

Habitat.—La Jolla, California, August (Cockerell). Two specimens. 

Type.—Cat. No. 26418, U.S.N.M. 


HALICTUS (CHLORALICTUS ) PAULULUS, new speceis. 


Male.—About 4 mm. long; head and thorax greenish blue; abdo- 
men black; pubescence white. Facial quadrangle distinctly longer 
than broad; orbits converging sharply below; face clothed with 
dense white hairs; flagellum brown, rufo-testaceous beneath, second 
and third antennal joints of equal length; front very closely punc- 
tured above the antennae, the punctures more scattered below; clypeus 
largely black, coarsely punctured. Thorax clothed with moderately 
abundant pubescence, the hairs longer on the sides; mesothorax shin- 
ing, with close, coarse punctures, the punctures about the diameter 


24 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 65. 


of a puncture apart; median and parapsidal grooves indistinct; punc- 
tation of scutellum similar to that of the mesothorax; disk of pro- 
podeum crescentic, dull, finely roughened, rugose at the base only; 
mesopleurae punctate; truncation distinct laterally; tegulae dark, 
opaque, coarsely punctured. Abdomen ovate; without distinct hair 
bands, but segments clothed with quite sparse dull white hairs; apical 
margins of segments polished, dark testaceous. Wings yellowish; 
anterior wing 2.75 mm. long; stigma and nervures pale testaceous; 
second submarginal cell higher than broad, receiving the first recur- 
rent nervure near the apex; third submarginal about one and one-half 
times as long as the second on the marginal. Legs black, with 
rather sparse pubescence; tarsi reddish. 

Habitat.—Crook, Colorado, August 29, 1920 (Sandhouse). 

Type.—Cat. No. 26419, U.S.N.M. 


HALICTUS ( CHLORALICTUS ) EXALBIDUS, new species. 


Male.—About 5 mm. long; brilliant blue; pubescence pruinose, 
abundant. Facial quadrangle about as broad as long; face with 
long plumose hairs; orbits converging below; second and third 
antennal joints of equal length, flagellum rufo-testaceous, paler 
beneath; front with close, deep punctures above the antennae, more 
sparse below; supraclypeal area and clypeus largely blue, more deli- 
cately punctured; the line between the clypeus and supraclypeal area 
very faint. Mesothorax shining, coarsely punctured; median and 
parapsidal grooves distinct, but not deeply impressed; punctation of 
scutellum similar to that of the mesothorax; metathorax shining, 
punctate; disk of propodeum small, semicircular, with a polished 
inclosing rim, shining, with irregularly wrinkled rugae; mesopleurae 
coarsely punctured; sides of propodeum punctured, the punctures 
extending up to the edge of the disk; truncation distinct laterally, 
but not sharply defined; tegulae very clear, honey color, impunctate. 
Abdomen narrowly ovate, segments punctured to the extreme apical 
margins, which are testaceous. Wings clear; anterior wing 3.5 mm. 
Jong; stigma and nervures honey color, except the subcosta and the 
costa beyond the stigma, which are testaceous; second submarginal 
cell higher than broad; first recurrent nervure joining second trans- 
verso-cubital; third submarginal somewhat broader than high, gently 
contracted above, about three times as long as second on the mar- 
ginal. Legs dark, with knees reddened; tarsi testaceous. 

Habitat.—Sante Fe, New Mexico, August, No. 4228 (Cockerell). 

Type.—Cat. No. 26420, U.S.N.M. 

Differs from albohirtus Crawford*by the more closely punctured 
mesothorax; sculpturing of the disk7of propodeum; broader head. 

From pruinosiformis, Crawford_by the reddened flagellum; more 
sparse pubescence; broader head, 











arT.19. AMERICAN BEES OF THE GENUS HALICTUS—SANDHOUSRE. 25 
HALICTUS (CHLORALICTUS) ACTUARIUS, new species. 


Male.—About 4.5 mm. long; brilliant blue; pubescence white, 
sparse. Facial quadrangle distinctly longer than broad; orbits con- 
verging slightly below; flagellum testaceous, yellow testaceous be- 
neath; second and third joints of antennae of equal length; front 
shining, with close, rather delicate punctures above antennae; punc- 
tures below and on the supraclypeal area and clypeus delicate, but 
more scattered; clypeus largely blue; mandibles dark reddish, Meso- 
thorax shining, coarsely punctured, the punctures about twice the 
diameter of a puncture apart; punctation of the scutellum similar 
to that of the mesothorax; metathorax punctured; disk of propodeum 
long, shining, without an inclosing rim, plicate laterally, medially 
with irregularly anastomosing rugae; pleurae and sides of propodeum 
coarsely punctured; truncation distinct laterally; tegulae honey color, 
impunctate. Abdomen narrowly ovate, punctured, very sparsely 
pubescent; apical margins of segments testaceous; margins of seg- 
ments 1-2 punctured, of segments 3-5 punctureless, Wings very 
clear; anterior wing about 3.25 mm. long; stigma and nervures honey 
color, except the subcostal nervure which is testaceous; second sub- 
marginal cell higher than broad, receiving the first recurrent nervure 
near the apex; third submarginal practically quadrate, little con- 
tracted above, more than twice as long as second on the marginal. 
Legs largely black; knees red; tarsi yellow-testaceous. 

Habitat.— Boulder, Colorado, July 31, 1908 (S. A. Rohwer). 

Type.—Cat, No, 26421, U.S.N.M. 

Differs: From albohirtus Crawford by the narrower thorax; less 
abundant pubescence; sculpturing on the disk of propodeum, 

From pruinosiformis Crawford by the sparse pubescence; more 
slender abdomen; sculpturing and color of the disk of propodeum, 


HALICTUS (CHLORALICTUS) SAGAX, new species. 


Male.—About 5.5—-6 mm. long; head and thorax olive green; abdo- 
men black; pubescence white. Facial quadrangle longer than broad; 
inner orbits converging sharply below; face brassy, clothed with 
dense hairs; flagellum brown, paler beneath; third antennal joint 
longer than second; front above the antennae sparsely pubescent, 
very closely punctured, below the antennae so closely covered with 
plumose hairs that no punctures are apparent; lower half of clypeus 
and,tips of mandibles reddish yellow. ‘Thorax with sparse pubescence; 
mesothorax and scutellum shining brassy green, smooth, coarsely 
punctured, the punctures much closer in the region of the median 
and parapsidal grooves; disk of propodeum shining dark green, with 
very coarse rugae extending to the posterior margin, thence over the 
lateral {sides and covering the entire posterior surface; truncation 


45554—25—Proc.N.M.vol.65——39 


296 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 65. 


very sharply defined; tegulae pale testaceous, impunctate. Abdomen 
ovate, shining, sparsely pubescent, with delicate piliferous punctures 
on the bases of segments; apical margins of segments narrowly tes- 
taceous. Wings hyaline, faintly dusky; anterior wing 4 mm. long; 
stigma and nervures testaceous: subcostal nervure dark; second sub- 
marginal cell higher than broad, contracted above; first recurrent 
nervure joining the second transverso-cubital; third submarginal nar- 
row—that is, higher than broad—about twice as long as the second 
on the marginal. Legs black with knees, tips of tibiae and tarsi 
rufo-testaceous; pubescence pure white. 

Habitat.—Boulder, Colorado, July 28, and September 12, 1908 
(S. A. Rohwer). Two specimens. 

Type.—Cat. No. 26422, U.S.N.M. 

Quite similar to disparilis Crawford, from which it differs by the 
more sharply converging orbits; yellow clypeus; shape and sculp- 
turing of the disk of the propodeum. 


HALICTUS (CHLORALICTUS) PEREXIGUUS, new species. 


Male.—About 5 mm. long; head and thorax greenish blue; abdo- 
men brown; pubescence white. Facial quadrangle longer than 
broad; orbits converging sharply below; eyes bulging, giving the 
face a circular appearance; antennae rufo-testaceous; second and 
third joints of antennae of equal length; flagellum yellow-testaceous 
beneath; front covered with appressed white hairs, above the 
antennae very closely punctured, below the punctures become more 
sparse; lower half of clypeus and mandibles yellow; clypeus pro- 
duced little below the lower margin of the eyes. Thorax with 
moderately dense pubescence; mesothorax shining, with delicate, 
moderately close punctures; median and parapsidal grooves distinct, 
but not deeply impressed; scutellum and metathorax shining, deli- 
cately punctured; disk of propodeum long, shining, with irregular 
rugae not reaching the apex, which is polished; mesopleurae shining, 
delicately punctured; truncation not sharply defined, but distinct 
laterally; tegulae very pale, impunctate. Abdomen slender, the 
only punctures piliferous; bases of segments clothed with rather 
sparse hairs; apical margins very pale testaceous. Wings clear; 
anterior wing 4 mm. long; stigma and nervures testaceous; second 
submarginal cell higher than broad, receiving the first recurrent 
nervure near the apex; third submarginal little broader than high, 
contracted above, about equidistant with the second on the marginal, 
Legs yellow-testaceous; the femora and tibiae somewhat darker; 
pubescence dull white. 

Habitat.—Las Cruces, New Mexico, October 12 (Cockerell). 

Type.—Cat. No. 26423,U.S.N.M. 








arT.19. AMERICAN BEES OF THE GENUS HALICTUS—SANDHOUSE. 27 
HALICTUS (CHLORALICTUS) OCCULTUS, new species. 


Male.—About 6.5 mm. long; head olive green; thorax largely blue- 
green; abdomen black; pubescence white. Facial quadrangle dis- 
tinctly longer than broad; orbits converging sharply below; front 
above the antennae without hairs, very closely punctured, below the 
antennae the punctures are more scattered and the pubescence is 
dense; supraclypeal area opaque, microscopically lineolate, sparsely 
punctured; lower half of clypeus and mandibles very pale yellow; 
antennae dark testaceous, flagellum testaceous beneath; second and 
third antennal joints of equal length. Thorax with moderately dense 
pubescence; mesothorax shining, with delicate punctures, the disk 
blue, the lateral and posterior margins blue-green; punctation of scu- 
tellum similar to that of the mesothorax; disk of propodeum shining 
blue, laterally with a few coarse plicae which extend over on the sides; 
the median portion is irregularly rugose; truncation distinct laterally; 
tegulae dark, impunctate. Abdomen slender, impunctate, sparsely 
pubescent; the apical margins of the segments testaceous, with micro- 
scopic transverse lineolations. Wings clear hyaline; anterior wing 5 
mm. long; stigma and nervures testaceous; second submarginal cell 
higher than broad, receiving the first recurrent nervure near the apex; 
third submarginal little broader than high, about one and one-half 
times as long as the second on the marginal. Legs black; knees, 
apices of tibiae and tarsi yellow; the front legs with tibiae entirely 
yellow; pubescence on legs short, pure white. 

Habitat.—Florissant, Colorado, July 23, at flowers Potentilla 
(Cockerell). 

Type.—Cat. No. 26424, U.S.N.M. 

Differs: From hortensis Lovell by the larger size; brassy face and 
mesothorax; clear wings; legs black; narrower face. 

From nevadensis Crawford by the narrower, brassy face; paler 
flagellum; brassy mesothorax and scutellum; clear wings; sculpturing 
on disk of propodeum. 


HALICTUS (CHLORALICTUS) EVESTIGATUS, new species. 


Male.—About 6-6.5 mm. long; head and thorax blue-green; abdo- 
men black; pubescence white. Facial quadrangle somewhat longer 
than broad; orbits converging slightly below; antennae dark brown, 
third joint longer than the second; flagellum yellow-testaceous 
beneath; front above antennae with close, shallow punctures, below 
sparsely punctured and clothed with dense pubescence; the lower half 
of the clypeus pale yellow; mandibles dark, red at the apex. Thorax 
with moderately dense short hairs; mesothorax and scutellum shining, 
with coarse punctures, the punctures hardly the diameter of a punc- 
ture apart; disk of propodeum long, shining, without an inclosing rim, 


28 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 65. 


emarginate posteriorly, with irregularly anastomosing rugae; trunca- 
tion distinct laterally; tegulae dark, impunctate. Abdomen ovate, 
shining piceous, sparsely pubescent; the bases of the segments punc- 
tate; the apical margins testaceous with microscopic, transverse line- 
olations. Wings hyaline; anterior wing 4.5 mm. long; stigma and 
nervures dark testaceous; second submarginal cell higher than broad, 
receiving the first recurrent nervure one-third of the distance from 
the apex; third submarginal broad, sharply contracted above, about 
one and one-half times as long as the second on marginal. Legs black: 
sparsely pubescent; tarsi yellow. 

Habitat—Ward, Colorado, August 10 (Cockerell). 

Type.—Cat. No. 26425, U.S.N.M. 


HALICTUS (CHLORALICTUS) PIKEI, new species. 


Male.—About 7 mm. long; head and thorax brilliant dark blue; 
abdomen black; pubescence white. Facial quadrangle considerably 
longer than broad; orbits converging slightly below; antennae dark 
testaceous, the third joint longer than the second; flagellum yellow- 
testaceous beneath; face shining, sparsely pubescent; front above the 
antennae closely punctured, the punctures becoming more sparse 
below; lower half of clypeus pale yellow; mandibles dark, reddish at 
the apex. Thorax with short hairs; mesothorax shining, the disk 
rather coarsely punctured, the punctures about the diameter of a 
puncture apart; outside the disk, the punctures are more delicate; 
scutellum greenish blue, shining, delicately punctured; disk of pro- 
podeum long, without a distinct inclosing rim, with very irregular 
rugae extending to the apex; mesopleurae shining, with shallow 
punctures; truncation distinct laterally; tegulae dark, impunctate. 
Abdomen ovate, shining, sparsely pubescent; the only punctures 
piliferous; the bases of the segments 4—5 with a bluish reflection; 
apical margins of segments brownish. Wings clear hyaline; anterior 
wing 4.75 mm. long; stigma and nervures dark testaceous; basal 
nervure strongly bent; second submarginal cell higher than broad, 
receiving the first recurrent nervure very near the apex; third sub- 
marginal about twice as long as the second on the marginal. Legs 
black, with dull white hairs; knees red; tarsi yellow. 

Habitat.—Printing Office, Pikes Peak, Colorado, September 17 
(Cockerell). 

Type.—Cat. No. 26426, U.S.N.M. 


HALICTUS (CHLORALICTUS) OBNUBILUS, new species. 


Male.—About 4 mm. long; head and thorax dark blue-green; 
abdomen black; pubescence white, sparse. Facial quadrangle longer 
than broad; orbits converging sharply below; antennae dark, second 
and third joints of equal length; flagellum dark brown, hardly paler 








art, 19. AMERICAN BEES OF THE GENUS HALICTUS—SANDHOUSE. 29 


beneath; front above the antennae closely punctured; below the 
antennae, the supraclypeal area and clypeus with sparse deep punc- 
tures; lower half of clypeus black. Mesothorax shining, greenish, 
with faint microscopic lineolations; outside the disk, the punctures 
are about the diameter of a puncture apart, on the disk, twice as far 
apart; scutellum and metathorax shining, punctured; disk of propo- 
deum crescentic, with a low, polished, inclosing rim, shining, with 
plicae extending to the posterior margin; mesopleurae shining, coarsely 
punctured; sides of propodeum delicately punctured; truncation dis- 
tinct laterally; tegulae dark; impunctate. Abdomen slender, shin- 
ing, the segments delicately punctured, except the apical margins of 
the segments which are polished; sparsely pubescent. Wings faintly 
dusky; anterior wing 2.5 mm. long; stigma and nervures dark; second 
submarginal cell higher than broad; contracted above; first recurrent 
nervure joining the second transverso-cubital; third submarginal 
very broad, contracted about one-half above, little longer than second 
on the marginal. Legs black. 

Habitat— Boulder, Colorado, July 18, 1908 (S. A. Rohwer). 

Type.—Cat. No. 26427, U.S.N.M. 

Differs: From ruidosennsis Cockerell by the smaller size: plicae on 
the disk of propodeum reaching the posterior margin; mesothorax 
brassy; paler color. 


HALICTUS (CHLORALICTUS) INSULSUS, new species. 


Male.—About 5 mm. long; head and thorax dark blue; abdomen 
black; pubescence white, sparse. Facial quadrangle about as broad 
as long; orbits converging below; antennae dark brown, the second 
and third joints of equal length; flagellum little paler beneath; front 
above the antennae very closely punctured; the lower portion of the 
front, supraclypeal area and clypeus more sparsely punctured; cly- 
peus black, produced more than half its length below the lower mar- 
gins of the eyes. Mesothorax and scutellum with moderately coarse, 
shallow punctures, about the diameter of a puncture apart; disk of 
propodeum without an inclosing rim, plicatulate at the base only, 
the apex is polished; mesopleurae with shallow punctures; sides of 
propodeum punctured; truncation not sharply defined, but distinct 
laterally; tegulae dark,impunctate. Abdomen slender, the only punc- 
tures piliferous; the apical margins of segments brownish, Wings 
faintly dusky; anterior wing 4 mm. long; stigma and nervures dark; 
the second submarginal cell as broad at the base as it is high, but 
contracted almost one-half above, receiving the first recurrent nervure 
very near the apex; third submarginal about twice as long as the 
second on marginal. Legs black. 

Habitat.—Beulah, New Mexico, August 18 (W. Porter). 

Ty pe.—Cat, No. 26428, U.S.N.M. 


30 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. YOL. 65. 


HALICTUS (CHLORALICTUS) CONSONUS, new species. 


Male.—About 6.5-7 mm. long; head and thorax very dark blue- 
green; abdomen black; pubescence white. Facial quadrangle some- 
what longer than broad; inner orbits converging sharply below; 
antennae black, second and third joints of about equal length; fla- 
gellum dark testaceous beneath; front above the antennae very closely 
punctured, the punctures becoming more open and sparse below; 
supraclypeal area and clypeus microscopically lineolate, sparsely 
punctured; clypeus black; mandibles black, slightly reddened api- 
cally. Thorax with short, rather dense pubescence; mesothorax 
microscopically tessellate, quite closely punctured, the punctures 
more sparse on the disk; scutellum punctured; disk of propodeum 
long, shining, with plicae on the sides, the median portion with irreg- 
ularly anastomosing rugae, apex polished; truncation distinct later- 
ally; tegulae dark, impunctate. Abdomen shining, sparsely pubes- 
cent, narrowly ovate; segments with transverse lineolations; the only 
punctures piliferous; apical margins of segments polished. Wings 
faintly dusky; anterior wing 5 mm. long; stigma and nervures dark; 
second submarginal cell as broad as high, contracted slightly above, 
receiving the first recurrent nervure near the apex; third submarginal 
higher than broad, hardly contracted above, about one and one-half 
times as long as the second on marginal. Legs black, with dull white 
pubescence, except on the tarsi where it is yellowish. 

Habitat.—Colebrook, Connecticut, September 1-7 (W. M. Wheeler). 

Type.—Cat. No. 26429, U.S.N.M. 

Differs: From ruidosensis Cockerell by the shape and sculpturing of 
the disk of propodeum; impunctate abdomen; flagellum paler beneath. 

From viridatus Lovell by the darker thorax; more closely punc- 
tured mesothorax; sculpturing of disk of propodeum. 


HALICTUS (CHLORALICTUS) PRAEPES, new species. 


Male.—About 6.5-7 mm. long; head and thorax dark greenish 
blue; abdomen shining black; pubescence white, rather sparse. Facial 
quadrangle longer than broad; orbits converging sharply below; 
antennae dark brown, third joint longer than second; flagellum tes- 
taceous beneath; front above the antennae very closely pnnctured; 
below, with more scattered, shallow punctures, and covered with 
dense pubescence; lower portion of clypeus black; clypeus and sup- 
raclypeal area without distinct punctures. Mesothorax shining, rather 
sparsely punctured; scutellum distinctly rounded npward, shining, 
almost without punctures; dish of propodeum slightly elevated pos- 
teriorly, shining, with few rugae extending across the disk and on to 
the sides of the propodeum, faint reticulations between the rugae; 
truncation distinctly laterally, but not sharply defined; sides of 
propodeum rugose; tegulae dark, impunctate. Abdomen slenderly 





| 
| 





art. 19. AMERICAN BEES OF THE GENUS HALICTUS—SANDHOUSE. 31 


ovate, shining, impunctate, almost without pubescence; apical margins 
of segments dark testaceous. Wings quite clear; anterior wing 
about 4.5 mm. long; stigma and nervures dark testaceous; basal 
nervure very gently arched; second submarginal cell higher than 
broad, receiving the first recurrent nervure near the apex; third sub- 
marginal not contracted above, about twice as long as the second on 
marginal. Legs black. 

Habitat.—Peaceful Valley, Colorado, 1919 (Cockerell). 

Ty pe.—Cat. No. 26430, U.S.N.M. 

Differs: From ruidosensis Cockerell by the shining, more sparsely 
punctured mesothorax and scutellum; sculpturing of the disk of 
propodeum; polished abdomen. 

From viridatus Lovell by the shining blue head and thorax; more 
sparsely and delicately punctured mesothorax; impunctate abdomen. 


HALICTUS (CHLORALICTUS) ASTUTUS, new species. 


Male.—About 7 mm. long; head and thorax largely dark blue-green; 
abdomen black; pubescence dull white. Facial quadrangle distinctly 
longer than broad; orbits converging below; face clothed with rather 
sparse, dull white hairs; front above the antennae without punctures, 
but rough, giving it a dull appearance; below the antennae, it is sparsely 
punctured; supraclypeal area and upper half of clypeus microscopically 
tessellate, sparsely punctured; antennae dark, third joint scarcely 
longer than the second; flagellum rufo-testaceous beneath. Thorax 
with moderately dense, long hairs; mesothorax smooth, shining, sparsely 
and coarsely punctured; scutellum duller, but with similar punc- 
tation, two smooth spots on the disk; disk of propodeum crescentic, in- 
closed by a rim posteriorly, with coarse rugae not quite reaching the 
apex, which is microscopically tessellate, but the rugae extend over the 
lateral margins of the disk; upper half of lateral sides and posterior 
side of propodeum coarsely rugose; truncation clearly defined latter- 
ally; tegulae dark, impunctate. Abdomen narrowly ovate, impunc- 
tate; apical margins of segments polished and narrowly testaceous; 
the bases of the segments covered with sparse pubescence. Wings 
hyaline; anterior wing 5 mm. long; stigma and nervures dark; second 
submarginal cell higher than broad, contracted above, receiving the 
first recurrent nervure very near the apex; third submarginal higher 
than broad, hardly contracted above, twice as long as the second on 
marginal. Legs black, with yellowish white pubescence; tarsi some- 
what reddened. 

Habitat.—Beulah, New Mexico, August 18 (W. Porter). 

Type.—Cat. No. 26431, U.S.N.M. 

Differs: From ruidosensis Cockerell by the shining, more sparsely 
punctured mesothorax; shape and sculpturing of the disk of propo- 
deum; impunc tate abdomen. 


32 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 65. 


From viridatus Lovell by the shining blue, more sparsely punc- 
tured mesothorax; dusky wings; disk of propodeum plicate at the 
base only; impunctate abdomen. 


HALICTUS (CHLORALICTUS) ABUNDUS, new species. 


Male.—About 7 mm, long; head and thorax dark blue; abdomen 
black; pubescence short, dull white. Facia] quadrangle distinctly 
longer than broad; orbits converging sharply below; face with sparse 
pubescence; front above the antennae closely punctured, below, more 
sparsely punctured; supraclypeal area and clypeus microscopically 
lineolate and coarsely punctured; antennae dark reddish brown, 
second and third joints of equal length; flagellum ferruginous beneath. 
Thorax with quite dense pubescence, mesothorax microscopically 
lineolate, coarsely punctured; disk of scutellum with two large 
polished spots; disk of propodeum nearly crescentic, shining, with 
coarse irregularly anastomosing rugae reaching the apex, at the sides 
the rugae extend on to the sides of the propodeum; posterior side of 
propodeum coarsely rugose; truncation clearly defined; tegulae 
ferrugino-testaceous, impunctate. Abdomen ovate, polished, very 
sparsely pubescent; segments with apical margins polished. Wings 
reddish, hyaline; stigma and nervures red-testaceous; anterior wing 
5.5 mm. long; second submarginal cell higher than broad, receiving 
the first recurrent nervure very near the apex; third submarginal 
hardly broader than high, about one and one-half times as long as 
the second on marginal. Legs black, sparsely pubescent; tarsi 
reddish. 

Halbitat.—Beulah, New Mexico, end of August (Cockerell and 
Porter). Seven specimens. 

Type.—Cat. No. 26432, U.S.N.M. 

Differs: From ruidosensis Cockerell by the more sparsely punc- 
tured mesothorax; sculpturing of the disk of propodeum; flagellum 
paler beneath; wings lighter; tarsi reddened; abdomen obovate, not 
punctured. 

From viridatus Lovell by the paler flagellum; yellowish pubescence; 
mesothorax tessellate, more closely punctured; wings and tegulae 
reddened. 


HALICTUS (CHLORALICTUS) TRANQUILLUS, new species. 


Male.—About 7 mm. long; head and thorax blue; abdomen black; 
pubescence white,sparse. Facial quadrangle longer than broad, orbits 
converging below; face above the antennae very closely punctured; 
the punctures below and on the sides of the face more sparse; clypeus 
and supraclypeal area microscopically tessellate, with sparse, deep 
punctures; antennae dark, second and third joints of equal length; 





agT.19. AMERICAN BEES OF THE GENUS HALICTUS—SANDHOUSE. 388 


flagellum testaceous beneath. Mesothorax and scutellum opaque, 
microscopically tessellate; the disk sparsely punctured; outside the 
disk the punctures are about the diameter of a puncture apart; disk 
of propodeum dull, slightly elevated posteriorly, microscopically 
tessellate between irregular rugae; the rugae extend on to the sides of 
the propodeum; truncation distinct laterally; tegulae dark, impunc- 
tate. Abdomen ovate, shining, impunctate; very sparsely pubescent; 
apical margins of segments polished, narrowly testaceous. Wings 
hyaline; anterior wing 5.25 mm. long; stigma and nervures dark; 
second submarginal ceil higher than broad, receiving the first recur- 
rent nervure a little distance from the apex; third submarginal sub- 
quadrate, hardly contracted above, about one and one-third times 
as long as the second on the marginal. Legs black, with yellowish 
hairs; tarsi reddish. 

Halitat.—Santa Fe, New Mexico, July (Cockerell). No. 3467; on 
TIinum lewisii. 

Type.—Cat. No. 26433, U.S.N.M. 


HALICTUS (CHLORALICTUS) PUDICUS, new species. 


Male.—About 6.5 mm. long; head and thorax dark blue; abdomen 
black; pubescence pure white, sparse. Facial quadrangle longer 
than broad; orbits converging slightly below; front above the anten- 
nae with close, shallow punctures; the punctures becoming more 
sparse below, and at the sides of the face which is greenish; clypeus 
and supraclypeal-area microscopically tessellate, delicately punctured; 
apices of mandibles red; antennae dark, second and third joints of 
equal length; flagellum testaceous beneath. Mesothorax opaque, 
microscopically tessellate, with punctures about the diameter of a 
puncture apart, and more scattered on the disk; punctation of scu- 
tellum similar to that of the mesothorax, two shining spots on the 
disk; disk of propodeum crescentic, shining, plicate, the plicae some- 
what discontinuous and extending over the margin on to the sides; 
truncation distinct laterally, but not sharply defined; tegulae dark, 
impunctate. Abdomen narrowly ovate, shining, impunctate, very 
sparsely pubescent; apical margins of the segments polished, narrowly 
testaceous. Wings hyaline; anterior wing 5 mm, long; stigma and 
nervures dark testaceous; second submarginal cell higher than broad, 
receiving the first recurrent nervure very near the apex; third sub- 
marginal as high as broad, contracted sharply above, about equidis- 
tant with the second on the marginal. Legs black; knees somewhat 
reddened; tarsi yellow. 

Habitat—Longs Peak, Colorado, August, at flowers gentian 
(Cockerell). 

Type.—Cat. No. 26434, U.S.N.M. 

45554—25—Proc.N.M.vol.65——40 


34 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 65. 


HALICTUS (CHLORALICTUS) LACTINEUS, new species. 


Male.—About 6 mm, long; head and thorax greenish blue; abdo- 
men black; pubescence pure white. Facial quadrangle longer than 
broad; orbits converging slightly below; the entire face, clypeus and 
supraclypeal area closely punctured; lower half of clypeus black; 
mandibles red at the apex; antennae dark, third joint longer than 
the second; flagellum rufo-testaceous beneath. Thorax densely 
pubescent; mesothorax somewhat polished, microscopically lineolate, 
very coarsely punctured, the punctures about the diameter of a punc- 
ture apart; the disk with more scattered punctures; scutellum closely 
punctured, with two large polished spots on the disk; disk of pro- 
podeum crescentic, shining, the plicae extending to the posterior 
margin which is sharply elevated; at the sides the plicae extend on 
to the lateral sides of the propodeum; mesopleurae with coarse shal- 
low punctures; truncation sharply defined laterally; tegulae honey 
color, impunctate. Abdomen ovate, apical margins of segments 
somewhat polished, narrowly testaceous; segments 1-3 delicately 
punctured, quite sparsely pubescent; segments 4-5 with piliferous 
punctures only, pubescence more abundant. Wings milky white; 
anterior wing 4.25 mm. long; stigma and nervures honey color; the 
second submarginal cell much higher than broad, receiving the first 
recurrent nervure very near the apex; third submarginal broad at 
the base, contracted above, at least twice as long as the second on 
the marginal. Legs black; knees, apices of tibiae and tarsi yellow. 

Habitat.—Boulder, Colorado, August 4, 1908 (S. A. Rohwer). 

Type.—Cat. No. 26435, U.S.N.M. 

Differs: From albipennis Robertson by the more sparsely punc- 
tured mesothorax; sculpturing of the disk of propodeum; smaller 
size; paler tegulae; wings more milky white. 

From connezus Crawford by the more coarsely punctured meso- 
thorax; sculpturing of the disk of propodeum; paler tegulae and 
wings; color of head and thorax. 


HALICTUS (CHLORALICTUS) CALLIDUS, new species. 


Male.—About 5.5 mm. long; head and thorax golden green; abdo- 
men black; pubescence pure white. Facial quadrangle longer than 
broad; orbits converging slightly below; face clothed with very dense 
pubescence, closely punctured; antennae dark, second and third joints 
of equal length; flagellum testaceous beneath; mandibles pale red- 
dish. Thorax with dense, short pubescence; mesothorax opaque, 
microscopically tessellate, closely punctured, punctures laterally 
contiguous, on the disk the punctures are a little more than the 
diameter of a puncture apart; punctation of the scutellum similar 
to that of the mesothorax; disk of propodeum crescentic, shining, 


— 


art.19. AMERICAN BEES OF THE GENUS HALICTUS—SANDHOUSE. 85 


plicate, the plicae reaching the broad, low posterior rim; at the 
sides the plicae extend over the margin on to the lateral sides of 
the propodeum;. mesopleurae with coarse, shallow punctures; trun- 
cation sharply defined laterally; tegulae pale testaceous, impunctate. 
Abdomen ovate, with rather close, short hairs; apical margins of seg- 
ments with faint, transverse lineolations, testaceous; segments 1-3 
closely punctured: segments 4-5 with piliferous punctures only. 
Wings clear; anterior wing 4.5 mm. long; stigma and nervures very 
pale testaceous; subcostal nervure very dark; basal nervure very 
strongly bent; second submarginal cell higher than broad; the first 
recurrent nervure joining the second transverso-cubital; third sub- 
marginal broad, contracted above, about one and one-half times as 
long as the second on the marginal. Legs black; knees and tips of 
tibae and tarsi yellow. 

Habitat.—East Falls Church, Virginia, July 20 (S. A. Rohwer), at 
flowers Daucus carota. 

Type.—Cat. No. 26436, U.S.N.M. 

Differs: From hortensis Lovell by the larger size; paler wings; head 
and thorax golden green; punctured abdomen; sculpturing of the disk 
of propodeum. 

From disparilis Crawford by the narrower face; opaque, more 
closely punctured mesothorax and scutellum; sculpturing of the disk 
of propodeum; abdomen closely punctured, with greenish reflections. 


HALICTUS (CHLORALICTUS) APERTUS, new species. 


Male.—About 5 mm. long; head and thorax dark blue; abdomen 
black; pubescence white. Facial quadrangle longer than broad; 
orbits converging sharply below; face clothed with quite dense pubes- 
cence; front above the antennae very closely punctured, the punctures 
more sparse below and on the sides of the face; punctures sparse on 
the supraclypeal area and clypeus, which are dull and microscopically 
tessellate; anterior margin of clypeus obscurely yellowish; third joint 
of antennae longer than second; flagellum dark testaceous, paler 
beneath. Thorax with close, short hairs; mesothorax and scutellum 
opaque, microscopically tessellate, appearing almost finely granular, 
very closely punctured, the punctures more sparse on the disk; disk 
of propodeum crescentic, shining, with microscopic transverse lineo- 
lations between the plicae, which reach the apex; the plicae extend on 
to the sides of the propodeum; truncation distinct laterally; tegulae 
very pale testaceous, impunctate. Abdomen obovate, densely pubes- 
cent, with delicate piliferous punctures; apical margins of segments 
microscopically lineolate; testaceous. Wings hyaline; about 3.5 mm. 
long; stigma and nervures testaceous; second submarginal cell higher 
than broad, receiving the first recurrent nervure a little distance from 


36 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 65. 


the apex; third submarginal subquadrate, contracted little above, 
hardly longer than the second on the marginal. Legs black; knees, 
tips of tibiae, and tarsi reddish yellow. 

Habitat.—East Falls Church, Virginia, July 22; and Chain Bridge, 
Virginia, (type locality), June 14 (S. A. Rohwer). Two specimens. 

Type.—Cat. No. 26437, U.S.N.M. 

Differs from hortensis Lovell by more robust species; mesothorax 
opaque, closely punctured; orbits converging more sharply below; 
paler flagellum; sculpturing of the disk of propodeum; paler wings. 


HALICTUS (CHLORALICTUS) GENUINUS, new species. 


Male.— About 5.5 mm. long; head and thorax blue-green; abdomen 
black; pubescence white. Facial quadrangle somewhat longer than 
broad; orbits converging below; face densely pubescent; front above 
the antennae closely punctured, the punctures becoming more sparse 
below; antennae dark, the second and third joints of equal length; 
flagellum testaceous beneath; mandibles red at the apex. Thorax. 
with quite dense, short hairs, mesothorax opaque, microscopically 
tessellate, very closely punctured, the punctures on the disk about 
twice as far apart; punctation of the scutellum similar to that of the 
mesothorax; two smooth spots on the disk; disk of propodeum cres- 
centic, shining, inclosed posteriorly by alow rim, plicae reaching the 
posterior margin and extending on the sides of the propodeum; trun- 
cation distinct laterally; tegulae testaceous, impunctate. Abdomen 
narrowly ovate; apical margins of segments transversely lineolate; 
bases of segments with delicate piliferous punctures and dense, short 
hairs. Wings clear hyaline; anterior wing 4.25 mm. long; stigma 
and nervures pale testaceous; second submarginal cell higher than 
broad, contracted above, receiving the first recurrent nervure a little 
distance from the apex; third submarginal almost as broad as high, 
contracted above, one and one-half times as long as the second on the 
marginal. Legs black, with quite abundant hairs; knees, tips of 
tibiae, and tarsi reddened. 

Habitat.—Chain Bridge, Virginia, June 14 (S. A. Rohwer). 

Type.—Cat. No. 26438, U.S.N.M. 

Differs from hortensis Lovell by the larger, more robust size; darker 
flagellum; more closely punctured mesothorax; darker tegulae; sculp- 
turing of the disk of propodeum. 


HALICTUS (CHLORALICTUS) BASILICUS, new species. 


Male.—About 5.5-6 mm, long; head and thorax blue-green; abdo- 
men black; pubescence white. Facial quadrangle considerably longer 
than broad; orbits converging sharply below; entire face closely punc- 
tured and clothed with dense pubescence; antennae dark, second and 





akT. 19. AMERICAN BEES OF THE GENUS HALICTUS—SANDHOUSE 37 


third joints of equal length; flagellum testaceous beneath; lower half of 
clypeus black. Thorax with quite dense, short hairs; mesothorax 
shiing, with faint microscopic lineolations, coarsely and deeply 
punctured, the punctures about twice as far apart on the disk; 
punctation of the scutellum similar to that of the mesothorax, two 
large, shining spots on the disk; disk of propodeum subcrescentic, 
shining, with coarse, irregular rugae extending over the margin and 
covering the sides of propodeum; mesopleurae with coarse, shallow 
punctures; truncation sharply defined laterally; tegu!ae honey color, 
impunctate. Abdomen ovate, shining, very sparsely pubescent; 
segments 1-2 delicately punctured; apical margins of segments 
polished, dark testaceous. Wings clezr; anterior wing 4 mm. long; 
stigma and nervures very pale testaceous; second submarginal cell 
considerably higher than broad, receiving the first recurrent nervure 
near the apex; third submarginal higher than broad, about twice as 
long as the second on marginal, receiving the second recurrent ner- 
vure near the apex. Legs shining, black, with moderately close hairs; 
knees, tips of tibiae, and tarsi ye low. 

Hatitat.—Colebrook, Connecticut, September 1-7 (W. M. Wheeler). 

Type.—Cat. No. 26439, U.S.N.M. 

Differs: From hortensis Lovell by the larger size; narrower face; 
clear wings; more abundant pubescence; sculpturing of the disk of 
propodeum. 

From nevadensis Crawford by the narrow face; paler flagellum and 
tegulae; clear wings; sculpturing of the disk of propodeum; broader, 
polished abdomen; knees red; tarsi clear yellow. 


HALICTUS (CHLORALICTUS) MACTUS, new species. 


Male.—About 5 mm. long; head and thorax dark blue-green; face, 
mesothorax, scutellum, and mesopleurae with a brassy tinge; abdo- 
men black; pubescence white. Facial quadrangle little longer than 
broad; orbits converging slightly below; face shining, sparsely pu- 
bescent; front closely punctured, the punctures more scattered and 
shallow below; antennae dark, second and third joints of equal 
length; flagellum testaceous beneath; lower half of clypeus shining 
black, sparsely punctured. Thorax with short, rather dense pubes- 
cence; mesothorax polished, with deep punctures a little more than 
the diameter of a puncture apart; punctation of scutellum much like 
that of the mesothorax, two smooth spots on the disk; metathorax 
shining, punctured; disk of propodeum dark blue, long, inclosed pos- 
teriorly by a low rim, with very irregular, discontinuous rugae; meso- 
pleurae shining, coarsely punctured; truncation well defined laterally; 
tegulae red-testaceous, impunctate. Abdomen narrowly ovate; seg- 
ments except for a very narrow, polished apical margin, with delicate, 
piliferous punctures and short hairs. Wings clear; anterior wing 


38 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 65. 


3.75 mm. long; stigma and nervures pale testaceous; second submar- 
ginal cell higher than broad, the first recurrent nervure joining the 
second transverso-cubital; third submarginal broad below, contracted 
above, little longer than the second on marginal. Legs black; tarsi 
with yellowish hairs. 

Habitat—Longs Peak Trail, Colorado, July 18 at flowers Senecio 
(W. P. Cockerell). 

Type.—Cat. No. 26400, U.S.N.M. 


HALICTUS (CHLORALICTUS) PENSITUS, new species. 


Male.—About 5 mm. long; head and thorax blue-green; abdomen 
black; pubescence white. Facial quadrangle longer than broad; orbits 
converging below; face shining, rather densely pubescent; front closely 
punctured; the punctures more scattered below; clypeus sparsely 
punctured, lower half black; antennae brown, second and third joints 
of equal length; flagellum dark testaceous beneath. Thorax densely 
pubescent; mesothorax shining, with punctures about the diameter 
of a puncture apart, a little more scattered on the disk; punctation 
of scutellum similar to that of the mesothorax; two polished spots 
on the disk; disk of propodeum long, shining, with more or less irreg- 
ular plicae not quite reaching the apex, which is polished ; mesopleurae 
coarsely punctured; truncation distinct laterally; tegulae dark, im- 
punctate. Abdomen narrowly ovate; apical margins of segments 
very narrowly testaceous, polished; bases of segments delicately punc- 
tured, clothed with quite abundant pubescence. Wings clear; anterior 
wing 3.75 mm. long; stigma and nervures pale testaceous; second 
submarginal cell higher than broad, receiving the first recurrent nervure 
near the apex; third submarginal contracted about one-half above, 
hardly longer than the second on the marginal, receiving the second 
recurrent nervure about one-fourth from the apex. Legs black. 

Habitat.— Boulder, Colorado, July 20 to August 1, 1908 (S. A. 
Rohwer). Four specimens. 

Type.—Cat. No. 26441, U.S.N.M. 

Differs: From hortensis Lovell by the larger size; more abundant 
pubescence; clear wings; reddish tegulae; head and thorax blue-green; 
sculpturing of the disk of propodeum; legs black. 

From nevadensis Crawford by the clear wings; abundant pubescence; 
sculpturing of the disk of propodeum. 


HALICTUS (CHLORALICTUS) ACCENTUS, new species. 


Male.—About 6 mm. long; head and thorax olive green; abdomen 
black; pubescence white. Facial quadrangle longer than broad; 
orbits converging below; antennae dark, third joint somewhat longer 
than second; flagellum rufo-testaceous; front very closely punctured; 
below the punctures are more scattered; clypeus closely punctured; 
the anterior margin of clypeus and mandibles chrome-orange. 








art.19. AMERICAN BEES OF THE GENUS HALICTUS—SANDHOUSE. 39 


Thorax with rather dense pubescence; mesothorax polished, closely 
punctured, the punctures about the diameter of a puncture apart 
except on the disk where they are about twice as far apart; punc- 
tation of the scutellum similar to that of the mesothorax; disk of 
propodeum dark green, subcrescentic, shining, with coarse plicae 
reaching the apex, inclosed by a low, irregular rim; truncation 
distinct laterally; tegulae very pale testaceous, impunctate. Abdo- 
men ovate, shining; apical margins of segments polished; bases of 
segments with delicate piliferous punctures, clothed with short hairs, 
Wings clear, faintly yellowish; anterior wing 4.5 mm. long; stigma 
and nervures pale testaceous; second submarginal cell higher than 
broad; first recurrent nervure joining the second transverso-cubital; 
third submarginal broader than high, contracted above, one and one- 
half times as long as second on marginal. Legs black; knees, tips 
of tibiae, and tarsi yellowish. 

Hatitat.—Boulder, Colorado, August 1, 1908 (S. A. Rohwer); Uni- 
versity Campus (Cockerell) (type). 

Type.—Cat. No. 26442, U.S.N.M. 

Differs: From hortensis Lovell by the larger, more robust size; 
narrower face; face and mesothorax golden green; flagellum rufo- 
testaceous beneath; sculpturing of the disk of propodeum; paler 
wings, 

From nevadensis Crawford by the narrower face; flagellum pale 
beneath; mandible yellowish; paler tegulae; sculpturing of the disk 
of propodeum; mesothorax more delicately punctured; knees and 
tarsi yellowish. 

From disparilis Crawford by the more sharply converging or- 
bits; face more closely punctured; more delicately punctured meso- 
thorax; less brassy face and mesothorax; sculpturing of the disk of 
propodeum. 


HALICTUS (CHLORALICTUS) MOLLIS, new species, 


_ Male.—About 5.5 mm. long; head and thorax blue-green; abdomen 
black; pubescence white. Facial quadrangle longer than broad; orbits 
converging slightly below; face sparsely pubescent; front closely 
punctured; the punctures more sparse below; clypeus brassy, the 
lower one-third black; antennae dark, second and third joints of 
equal length; flagellum dark, hardly paler beneath; mandibles dark; 
red at the apex. Thorax with quite dense, long hairs; mesothorax 
polished; punctures on the mesothorax about the diameter of a 
puncture apart, more sparse on the disk; scutellum closely punctured - 
two polished spots on the disk; disk of propodeum long, with irregu- 
larly anastomosing rugae reaching the apex, which is polished; meso 

pleurae and sides of propodeum coarsely punctured, brassy; trunca, 
tion not sharply defined laterally; tegulae very pale; impunctate. 


40 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL, 65. 


Abdomen ovate, polished; segments punctured, sparsely pubescent. 
Wings clear; anterior wing 4 mm. long; stigma and nervures pale 
testaceous; second submarginal cell much higher than broad, receiv- 
ing the first recurrent nervure near the apex; third submarginal 
broad, more than twice as long as the second on marginal. Legs 
black; knees somewhat reddened; tarsi brownish, with yellowish hairs. 

Habitat.—F lorissant, Colorado, July 16 at flowers Dasiphora fruti- 
cosa (Cockerell). 

Type.—Cat. No. 26443, U.S.N.M. 

Differs from nevadensis Crawford by the pale tegulae; clear wings; 
shining, more sparsely pubescent abdomen; margins of abdominal 
segments dark; sculpturing of the disk of propodeum, 


HALICTUS (CHORALICTUS) MEROSUS, new species. 


Male.—About 5 mm. long; head and thorax dark blue; abdomen 
dark brown; pubescence white. Facial quadrangle longer than broad; 
orbits converging sharply below; face quite densely pubescent; front 
with close, but shallow punctures; the punctures are more sparse 
below; second and third joints of equal length; flagellum dark 
testaceous; yellow-testaceous beneath; mandibles reddish. Thorax 
sparsely pubescent; mesothorax polished, with sparse, delicate punc- 
tures; scutellum delicately punctured, with two large, polished spots 
on the disk; disk of propodeum very dark blue, subcrescentic, shining, 
with a few irregular plicae reaching the apical margin; pleurae very 
rough; truncation distinct laterally; tegulae pale, impunctate. Ab- 
domen ovate, shining; apical margins polished, testaceous; bases of 
segments sparsely pubescent. Wings yellowish; anterior wing 3.25 
mm. long; stigma and nervures testaceous; second submarginal cell 
higher than broad, contracted about one-half above, receiving the. 
first recurrent nervure near the apex; third submarginal higher than 
broad, contracted above, more than twice as long as second on mar- 
ginal. Legs dark brown, with dull white hairs; knees, tips of tibiae, 
and tarsi yellow. 

farolacdaont cide Fe, New Mexico, September 21, No. 5608 (Cock- 
erell). 

Type.—Cat. No, 26444, U.S.N.M. 

Differs from microlepoides Ellis by the paler flagellum; delicately 
punctured mesothorax; sculpturing of the disk of propodeum; brown- 
ish legs and abdomen; darker wings. 


HALICTUS (CHLORALICTUS) MALINUS, new species. 


Male.—About 5.5 mm. long; head and thorax blue-green; abdomen 
dark brown; pubescence white. Facial quadrangle little longer than 
broad; orbits converging sharply below; entire face densely pubescent; 
front closely punctured; the punctures more scattered below; second 


agT.19. AMERICAN BEES OF THE GENUS HALICTUS—SANDHOUSE. 4] 


and third antennal joints of equal length; flagellum testaceous, 
yellowish beneath; mandibles somewhat orange-yellow. Thorax 
with moderately dense pubescence; mesothorax shining, delicately 
punctured; scutellum with similar punctation; two polished spots 
on the disk; disk of propodeum dark green, crescentic, shining, with 
irregularly anastomosing rugae covering the entire area; tegulae honey 
color, impunctate; truncation not sharply defined, but distinct later- 
ally. Abdomen ovate, impunctate; apical margins of segments trans- 
versely lineolate, testaceous; bases of segments clothed with rather 
abundant pubescence. Wings clear; anterior wing 3.5 mm. long; 
stigma and nervures very pale testaceous; second submarginal cell 
higher than broad, receiving the first recurrent nervure a little dis- 
tance from the apex; third submarginal subquadrate, little contracted 
above, almost twice as long as the second on marginal. Legs brown; 
knees, tips of tibiae, and tarsi yellow. 

Habitat.—Kast Falls Church, Virginia, July 16, at flowers Cicuta 
maculata and July 20, at flowers Daucus carota (type). Two 
specimens (S. A. Rohwer.) 

Type.—Cat. No. 26445, U.S.N.M. 

Differs: From hortensis Lovell by the narrower face; paler wings 
and tegulae; paler flagellum; sculpturing of the disk of propodeum; 
mesothorax more closely punctured. 

From nevadensis Crawford by the more delicately punctured meso- 
thorax; flagellum pale beneath; sculpturing of the disk of propodeum; 
abdomen brown, the only punctures piliferous; legs brown, with knees 
and tarsi yellowish. 


HALICTUS (CHLORALICTUS) INSOLITUS, new species. 


Male.—About 4.5-5 mm. long; head and thorax green; abdomen 
black; pubescence white. Facial quadrangle longer than broad; 
orbits converging slightly below; front with very close, but shallow 
punctures; below the punctures are more sparse; clypeus largely 
black, quite closely punctured; antennae dark, third joint hardly 
longer than the second; flagellum rufo-testaceous beneath; mandibles 
reddish yellow. Thorax with moderately close, short hairs; meso- 
thorax microscopically lineolate, closely and delicately punctured; 
punctation of scutellum similar to that of the mesothorax; disk of 
propodeum subcrescentic, with irregular rugae reaching the apex, 
which is slightly elevated; truncation distinct laterally; tegulae very 
pale testaceous,impunctate. Abdomen slender, shining, impunctate; 
apical margins of segments polished, testaceous; bases of segments 
clothed with sparse, short hairs. Wings faintly dusky; anterior 
wing 3.5 mm. long; stigma and nervures testaceous; second submar- 
ginal higher than broad; first recurrent nervure meeting the second 
transverso-cubital; third submarginal contracted about one-third 


42 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 65. 


above, receiving the second recurrent nervure near the apex; twice 
as long as the second on marginal. Legs black, shining; knees, tips 
of tibiae, and tarsi yellow. 

Habitat.—Vinton, lowa, June 23, 1922 (Sandhouse). 

Ty pe.—Cat. No, 26446, U.S.N.M. 

Differs from exiguus Smith by the paler flagellum; more slender 
species; head and thorax not so brassy; sculpturing of the disk of 
propodeum. 


NEW LOCALITY RECORDS OF DESCRIBED SPECIES. 


The following records are new: 
HALICTUS EURYCEPS Ellis. 
New Mexico: 3 females, Beulah, August 25, 1899 (W. Porter). 
HALICTUS SUBCONNEXUS Ellis. 
New York: 1 female, Garrison (Eleth Cattell). 
HALICTUS PRUINOSIFORMIS Crawford. 

Colorado: 1 female, 4 miles north of Boulder, June 18 at flowers 
Petalostemon oligophyllus (T. and W. Cockerell); 1 female, Colorado 
Springs (Cockerell). 

HALICTUS LAZULIS Ellis. 
Colorado: 1 female, Longs Peak Inn, June 25 (Cockerell). 
HALICTUS PAVONINUS Elis. 
Colorado: 1 female, Longs Peak Inn, June 26 (Cockerell). 
HALICTUS SUCCINIPENNIS Ellis. 

Colorado: 1 female, Boulder, April 14,1907, at flowers Physaria 
(S. A. Rohwer); 1 female, Boulder, May 21,1922 (Elsie M. Foster). 
HALICTUS EOPHILUS Ellis. 

New Mexico: 1 female, Albuquerque, May 10, No. 1271 (Cockerell). 

HALICTUS STULTUS Cresson. 

New Mexico: 1 female, Cockerell No. 706; 2 females, Mesilla, May 

9-10, on Actinella richardsoni and Erigeron divergens (Cockerell). 
HALICTUS SPARSUS Robertson. 

Iowa: 4 females, Vinton, June 23, 1922 (Sandhouse). 

Virginia: 2 females, East Falls Church, May 7 and July 16 at flow- 
ers Cicuta maculata (S. A. Rohwer). 

New Mexico: 4 females, Santa Fe, July and August at Linwm lew- 
siti and Lepachys Cockerell Nos. 3469 , 3472, 3387, and 3936; 3 females, 
Las Vegas, July 22 and August 14 at Grindelia squamosa and Cleome 
(W. Porter and Cockerell); 2 females, Pecos, June 15, and July 8 (W. 


Porter) and (Grabham). 
Colorado: 1 female Manitou, April 28 on Salix (Cockerell). 





akT.19. AMERICAN BEES OF THE GENUS HALICTUS—SANDHOUSE. 43 


HALICTUS ALBIPENNIS Robertson. 


Colorado: 1 female, Boulder, May 21, 1922 (Elsie M. Foster); 1 
female, June 18, at Petalostemon oligophyllus (T. and W. Cockerell). 


HALICTUS BRUNERI Crawford. 
Iowa: 2 females, Vinton, June 29, 1922 (Sandhouse). 
HALICTUS PERPUNCTATUS Ellis. 
Colorado: 1 female, Boulder, May 20, 1922 (F. D. Becker). 
HALICTUS CRESSONII Robertson. 
New York: 1 female, Garrison (Eleth Cattell). 
HALICTUS VERSATUS Robertson. 
Iowa: 1 female, Vinton, June 29, 1922 (Sandhouse). 
HALICTUS OBLONGUS Lovell. 


Colorado: 2 females, Boulder, May 9, 1907, at flowers Tarazacum 
(S. A. Rohwer); 1 male, Peaceful Valley, August (Cockerell). 

New Mexico: 3 females, Santa Fe, July and August, one on Pent- 
stemon Cockerell Nos. 3825, 4227, and 4394; 1 female, Pecos, June 
24 (W. P. Cockerell); 1 female, Las Vegas, April 20, at flowers of 
wild plum (Cockerell). 

Connecticut: 1 male, Colebrook, September 1 (W. M. Wheeler). 

HALICTUS NYMPHAEARUM Robertson. 

Massachusetts: 1 male, Woods Hole, (Eleth Cattell). 

HALICTUS HORTENSIS Lovell. 


Massachusetts: 1 male, Forest Hills, May 14 (collector not known). 

New York: 1 female, Garrison, (Eleth Cattell). 

Virginia: 3 males, East Falls Church, July 16-20 at flowers of 
Daucus carota and Cicuta maculata (S. A. Rohwer). 


HALICTUS INCOMPLETUS Crawford. 


New Mexico: 1 male, Aztec, September 19, 1898 (C. E. Mead). 


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- HOOKWORMS OF THE GENUS UNCINARIA OF THE DOG, 
FOX, AND BADGER. 


B. H. Ransom, 


Assistant Custodian, Helminthological Collections, United States National 
Museum. 


Looss in 1911 described, as a new species which he named Uncinaria 
polaris, a hookworm from Vulpes lagopus, North America. In 
the same paper he redescribed U neinaria criniformis originally re- 
ported by Goeze in 1782 from the European badger (Meles tarus). 
Furthermore, he concluded that Uncinaria stenocephala (Railliet) 
whose type host is the dog in Europe is identical with U. criniformis. 
The specimens (at least 12 in number) from which U. polaris was 
described were sent to Looss by Stiles many years previously (Looss, 
1911, p. 194). The original material, Looss states (p. 218), bore the 
number 3250 and came from the Zoological Gardens, Washington, 
D. GC. The number 3250 evidently refers to a catalogue number of 
the Helminthological Collection of the United States National 
Museum, inasmuch as there are in these collections at the present 
time, labeled with this number, numerous specimens of hookworms 
which according to the label were collected from Vulpes lagopus at 
Washington, D. C., by Hassall, August, 1901. These specimens so 
far as I have examined them are all of one species and correspond 
closely to Looss’s description of Uncinaria polaris. Undoubtedly 
Looss’s specimens came from this lot of material and unquestionably 
the specimens now in the Museum Collections under the catalogue 
number 3250 belong to Looss’s species, U neinaria polaris. 

It does not appear in Looss’s paper whether he actually examined 
specimens of Uncinaria from dogs before arriving at the conclusion 
that Uncinaria stenocephala is identical with U. criniformis. Al- 
though he states in general terms that “ Uncinaria criniformis is 
common in canine animals in various parts of Europe ” (p. 194) and 
that it occurs “ in various Canidae and Mustelidae of mid and north- 
ern Europe” (p. 213), he does not say specifically that he has studied 
specimens from dogs. On the other hand he refers definitely to Un- 
cinaria criniformis from Meles taxus (p. 607) in connection with his 
drawings (figs. 105 and 106) of the mouth-capsule of this species. 
wee NS MEE hs esl pets ae) See ee eh ee es 


No. 2533—PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. 65, ART. 20. 
1 


2 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 65. 


dn any case, irrespective of the possibility of the occurrence of the 
species, which Looss calls U. criniformis, in dogs, there is unques- 
tionably another species common in European dogs, which Railliet 
has called Uncinaria stenocephala, that is distinctly different from U. - 
criniformis of Meles tavus. Furthermore Uncinaria stenocephala in- 
stead of being the same species as U. criniformis is in reality the same 
as U. polaris. Not only does Railliet’s description of U. stenocephala 
in certain important respects (size of worms, maximum length of 
spicules, and tridigitation of terminal branches of dorsal ray of 
bursa) agree with what is found in the specimens of Uncinaria po- 
laris (U.S. N. M., 8250) and differing in these respects from what is 
found in U. criniformis, but specimens of Uncinaria from dogs in 
various parts of Europe corresponding to Railliet’s description of 
Uncinaria stenocephala agree among themselves and with U. polaris 
and differ from U. criniformis as described by Looss and as shown 
by several lots of specimens from Afeles tavus. For European speci- 
mens of U. stenocephala from dogs and U. criniformis from Meles 
taxus to compare with U. polaris I am indebted to Prof. P. Ciurea, 
Bucurest, Rumania; Prof. A. Henry, Alfort, France; Prof. J. E. W. 
Thle, Utrecht, Holland, and Prof. T. Pintner, Vienna, Austria. 

Readily recognizable differences between the two species involved, 
Uncinaria criniformis and U. stenocephala, including its synonym, U. 
polaris, are shown in the following brief descriptions. The descrip- 
tions are not intended to be complete but refer specially to characters 
that seem useful for diagnostic purposes. 


UNCINARIA CRINIFORMIS (Goeze, 1782). 


Specifie diagnosis —Uncinaria: Male about 5.5 (5.3 to 5.9) mm., 
female about 7.5 (6.8 to 8.2) mm. long. The ventral wall of the 
mouth capsule when viewed in optical section from the side is only 
shghtly curved as a rule (fig. 9). The boundary line between the 
thicker ventral portion and the thinner dorsal portion of the mouth 
capsule wall (side view) turns forward along the ventral side of the 
cord of tissue which terminates in the lateral cephalic papilla, and 
meets the anterior border of the mouth capsule almost at right angles 
(fig. 9,7). Esophagus of male about 0.55 mm. long, of female about 
0.6 mm. long. Lateral lobes of male bursa only a little more than 
semicircular in shape. Medio-lateral ray slightly thicker than the 
postero-lateral ray and much thicker than the externo-lateral ray 
(fig. 10). Dorsal ray bifurcated distally, each branch bidigitate 
(fig. 11). Spicules 0.46 to 0.63 mm. long with rounded membranous 
tips. Tail of female 125 to 135 » long; tip of tail into which the 
caudal bristle is inserted almost ogival in outline (fig. 12). Vulva 
4.5 to 5.5 mm. from anterior end of body. 


ART. 20. HOOKWORMS OF THE GENUS UNCINARIA—RANSOM. 3 


Parasitic in intestine of Meles tawus in Europe. Not certainly 
known as yet to occur in other animals. 


UNCINARIA STENOCEPHALA (Railliet, 1884). 


Synonym.—Uneinaria polaris Looss, 1911. 

Specific diagnosis —Uncinaria: Male about 7 (5.6 to 8.5) mm., 
female about 10 (7.7 to 12) mm. long. The ventral wall of the 
mouth capsule when viewed in optical section from the side is con- 
siderably curved as a rule (figs. 1, 5). The boundary line between 
the thicker ventral portion and the thinner dorsal portion of the 
mouth capsule wall (side view) anteriorly continues to curve toward 
the dorsum and meets the anterior border of the mouth capsule 
obliquely after crossing the cord of tissue which terminates in the 
lateral cephalic papilla (figs. 1, 5, ~). Esophagus of male about 
075 mm., of female about 0.85 mm. long. Lateral lobes of male 
bursa rather long, considerably more semi-oval than semicircular in 
shape. Medio-lateral ray of about the same width as the externo- 
lateral ray and the postero-lateral ray (figs. 2,6). Dorsal ray bifur- 
cated distally, each branch tridigitate (figs. 3, 7). Spicules 0.64 to 
0.76 mm. long with sharply pointed tips. Tail of female 150 to 290 u 
long; tip of tail, into which the caudal bristle is inserted, bluntly 
rounded (figs. 4,8). Vulva 5 to 7.5 mm. from anterior end of body. 

Parasitic in the intestine of the dog in Europe (type host and type 
locality). Common in fur foxes in Northern North America. Has 
also been found in the dog in Alaska (Hadwen) and in the hog (in 
stomach) at Ottawa, Canada (Hadwen). 


REMARKS. 


A lateral view of the head is usually more readily secured in 
mounted specimens of U. criniformis and U. stenocephala and in my 
experience is more useful for diagnostic purposes than a dorsal view. 
Dorsal views give very variable pictures because of differences in the 
tilting of the head in different specimens, and comparisons of speci- 
mens and of drawings are more difficult than in the case of lateral 
views. It may be noted as of interest that Railliet’s drawing of the 
dorsal view of the head of Uncinaria stenocephala (see Railliet, 
1893a, fig. 381) corresponds very well with the appearance frequently 
shown by specimens of U. polaris (U. S. N. M., 3250) which happen 
to be less tilted than in the view pictured by Looss (1911, fig. 108). 

Looss (1911, p. 213) states that the boundary line between the 
thicker ventral portion and the thinner dorsal portion of the mouth- 
capsule wall of U. polaris is nearly straight and he shows it but very 
slightly curved in his drawing (Looss, 1911, fig. 107). In full lateral 
views of the mouth-capsule of U. polaris (= U. stenocephala) from 
the fox (fig. 1, 7), and of U. stenocephala from the dog (fig. 5, a) I 
have found it more curved than Looss has described and figured it. 


4 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. Vou. 65. 


In Looss’s drawing (Looss, 1911, fig. 116) of the bursa of U. erini- 
jormis the postero-lateral ray is shown as thicker than the medio- 
lateral ray. In all the specimens I have examined the reverse is true 
(fig. 10). 

The lateral membranous ala of the spicule is more strongly de- 
veloped in U. criniformis than in JU, stenocephala and extends 
around the tip. In UW. stenocephala it narrows down and disappears 
before the tip of the spicule is reached. 

In the specimens that I have examined, the cuticle of Uncinaria 
stenocephala is usually considerably thicker than that of U. crini- 
formis. For example, on the tail of the female of the latter species 
it has not been found to exceed 5 yp in thickness, but commonly 
measures 7 or 8 » in thickness in the same region of the female of 
U. stenocephala. 

In both UY. ecriniformis and U. stenocephala the excretory pore, 
nerve ring and cervical papillae are located in the same general 
region of the neck, but vary more or less in their relative positions in 
different specimens in both species. I have failed to find constant 
differences in these characters between the two species. 

The caudal pores on the tail of the female are about 45 » from the 
tip (excluding the caudal bristle) in U. stenocephala, and in the 
only case measured in U. criniformis were 30 yw from the tip. 

It is of interest to note that as yet Uncinaria stenocephala is not 
known to have become established as a parasite of the dog in the 
United States except in Alaska. On the other hand it is a common 
parasite of the foxes on fur farms in the Northern United States, 
including Alaska and in Canada, and is one of the most serious pests 
with which fox raisers have to contend. Thus far, the only cases 
of this parasite in dogs in North America of which I have knowledge 
are those seen by Hadwen in Alaska. The same observer has found 
U. stenocephala in a hog at Ottawa, Canada (Ransom, 1921, p. 190). 


ADDENDUM. 


While the present paper was in the hands of the printer two 
papers, one by Fiilleborn (1924) and one by Cameron (1924) have 
appeared which bear upon the question of the identity of Uncinaria 
polaris and U. stenocephala. Both authors are of the opinion that 
the two forms belong to the same species, an opinion which accords 
with my own findings based upon a study of the material from 
which Looss obtained his specimens of U. polaris. Cameron appears 
to be doubtful whether the form described by Goeze as Ascaris 
criniformis should be considered an identifiable species. In view 
of the fact, however, that a well-defined species of Uncinaria occurs 
in the European badger which seems in all probability to be the 
same as that described by Goeze there appears to be no good reason 






















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U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 65, ART. 20 PL I 





/ 


4 a 12. | 
Th 
Onomea Lhemania Qheinavia 
polatis S7E70C: l> ciinitormis. 
(= sfenocephela) Log / 
for. 


HOOKWORMS OF THE DOG, FOX, AND BADGER 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 5 


ART. 20. HOOKWORMS OF THE GENUS UNCINARIA—RANSOM. a 


why it should not be accepted as belonging to Goeze’s species until it 
can be shown to be different. 


REFERENCES. 
Cameron, T. W. M. 


1924.—Dochmoides: a new genus for the hookworm “Uncinaria’”’ stenoce- 
phala Railliet. Journ. Helminth., London, vol. 2, pp. 46-50, figs. 
1-5. 
FWLLEBORN, FRIEDRICH. 
1924.—Bemerkungen tiber die Identifikation von “ Hakenwiirmern.” Arch. f. 
Schiffs-u. Tropen-Hyg., Leipzig, vol. 28, pp. 12-15, pl. 1, figs. 1-6. 
Looss, A. 
1911a.—The anatomy and life history of Agchylostoma duodenale Dub. 
A monograph. Part. 2. The development in the free state. Rec. 
School Med., Ministry Education, Egypt, Cairo, vol. 4, pp. 159- 
613, pls. 11-19, figs. 101-208, photograms 7-41. 
RAILLIET, ALCIDE. 
1893a—Traité de zoologie médicale et agricole. 2 éd. [fase. 1]. 786 pp., 
494 figs. 8°. Paris. 
RANsoM, B. H. 
1921.—[ Unusual parasites of the domestic hog] [Read before Helmintho- 
logical Society of Washington, Nov. 20, 1920]. Journ. Parasi- 
tology, Urbana, Ill., vol. 7 (4), June, p. 190. 
1922.—_[ Notes on hookworms] [Read before Helminthological Society of 
Washington, May 14, 1921]. Journ. Parasitology, Urbana, Ill, 
vol. 8 (2), Dec., 1921, p. 96. 


EXPLANATION OF PLATE. 


All figures drawn with camera lucida at same magnification as indicated by 


scale on plate. 
ABBREVIATIONS. 


e.l., externo-lateral ray. 

l. p., lateral cephalic papilla. 

m.1., medio-lateral ray. 

p.tl., postero-lateral ray. 

g., boundary line between thicker ventral portion and thinner dorsal portion 
of lateral wall of oral capsule. 


Fics. 14.—Uncinaria polaris (=stenocephala). 


Fic. 1.—Head from left side. U.S.N.M. Helm. Coll. 3250. 
2.—Male bursa from left side. U.S.N.M. Helm. Coll. 3250. 
3.—Dorsal ray of male bursa. U.S.N.M. Helm. Coll. 3250. 
4.—Tail of female from left side. U.S.N.M. Helm. Coll. 3250. 





Fias. 5-8.—Unecinaria stenocephala. 


Fic. 5.—Head from left side. U.S.N.M. Helm. Coll. 19,326. 
6.—Male bursa from left side. U.S.N.M. Helm. Coll. 19,326. 
7.—Dorsal ray of male bursa. U.S.N.M. Helm. Coll. 19,330. 
8.—Tail of female from left side. U.S.N.M. Helm. Coll. 19,330. 


Fies. 9-12.—Uneinaria criniformis. 


Fic. 9.—Head from left side. U.S.N.M. Helm. Coll. 3392. 
10.—Male bursa from left side. U.S.M.N. Helm. Coll. 24,788. 
11.—Dorsal ray of male bursa. U.S.N.M. Helm. Coll. 19,332. 
42.—Tail of female from left side. U.S.N.M. Helm. Coll. 3392. 


A NEW GENUS AND SPECIES OF TWO-WINGED FLIES 
OF THE FAMILY CHLOROPIDAE INJURING MANIHOT 
IN BRAZIL. 





By J. M. Avpricu, 


Associate Curator, Division of Insects, United States National Museum. 


The species herein described was received by the Bureau of Ento- 
mology for identification, from Prof. Carlos Moreira of the Institudo 
Biologico de Defesa Agricola, Rio Janeiro, who states that it is a 
bad miner of Cassava, Manihot utilissima in Brazil. 


TELEOCOMA, new genus. 


Head broad and flat; antennae short, third joint almost circular 
in outline ,with slender bare arista; face transversely concave, epis- 
toma not prominent; palpi normal; proboscis short, the terminal 
joint folding back but short; front wide; eye shorter vertically than 
longitudinally. Thorax not grooved dorsally, decidedly longer than 
wide, the scutellum flat above, subtriangular but rounded apically, 
with only microscopic denticles from which the bristles arise. Wing 
with normal venation, the costa extending to fourth vein. Hind 
tibia without any distinct spine at tip. Bristles rather strongly 
developed, especially two notopleurals, two humerals, one supra- 
alar, one intraalar, one posterior dorsocentral (the last three close 
to the scutellum), one apical pair on scutellum. There are also two 
vertical pairs, one postvertical, and a small pair of vibrissae. 

Genotype.—Teleocoma crassipes, new species. 


TELEOCOMA CRASSIPES, new species. 


Male—Front black above, yellow beyond middle, at vertex much 
wider than one eye; ocellar triangle small, not reaching half way to 
antennae; frontal bristles minute; antennae wholly reddish yellow; 
face and bucca (below eye) white, the latter darker along lower 
and posterior edge, and about one-third the eye-height; palpi yellow. 

Thorax black, the sides polished, the dorsum with a tinge of 
bronze, covered with even, short, pale yellow hairs arising from evi- 





No. 2534—ProceEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. 65, ART. 21. 
i 


2 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 65- 


dent punctures. The width at humeri is to the length to scutellar 
suture as 23 to 29, by micrometer. Scutellum on its flat upper surface 
with pale hairs like the mesonotum, but more strongly punctured; 
at the tip are two parallel bristles and on each side two or three small 
hairs, all arising from very minute, microscopic denticles. Halteres. 
white, stem yellow. 

Abdomen narrow and tapering, the apex curved downward; the 
first and second segments pale yellow above except at the sides, the 
following three wholly black, the sides of all but the first with long, 
silky, whitish hairs, the second also bears black spiny hairs at the 
side. Venter membraneous, whitish. 

Legs mostly yellowish, but the hind femora and tibiae and the 
apices of all the tarsi are black or blackish, and the front femora and 
tibiae are slightly infuscated. The front femora are thickened, and 
have long pale hair below; the front tibiae have a heavy fringe of 
brownish hair on the outer hind side, which extends on the first 
and second tarsal joints. The hind femora are large, greatly thick- 
ened and curved; their tibiae are rather stout and have on the outer 
front side numerous long curled pale hairs extending forward, over- 
lapping the femora in the flexed position. 

Wing hyaline, normal, fourth vein reaching the margin barely 
behind, the apex. 

Female—Head and thorax as in male; the pale spot at base of 
abdomen is smaller though distinct, leaving a wider black margin 
at sides. The abdomen and legs do not have the long yellow hair 
characteristic of the male; the front femora are yellow and hardly 
thickened at all. The hind femora, however, are almost as large as 
in the male, the hind tibiae as in the male; the hind tarsi black ex- 
cept the contrasting yellow basal joint. 

Length of male 4 mm., of female 3.2 mm. 

Described from one male and three females received from Profes- 
sor Moreira as stated above. 

Type.—Male, Cat. No. 26487, U.S.N.M. 

Two paratypes are returned to the sender for preservation in a 
Brazilian museum. 


THE FOSSILS OF THE LOWER SAN PEDRO FAUNA OF 
THE NOB HILL CUT, SAN PEDRO, CALIFORNIA 


By T. 8S. Oxproyn, 
Of Stanford University, California 


INTRODUCTION 


The cut through Nob Hill at San Pedro exposed a large deposit of 
the Lower San Pedro series of the Pleistocene. In July, 1918, the 
steam shovel had worked its way down to the bed, uncoveririg no 
shells of the upper series in the cut, except a few at the south end. 
This was especially good, as heretofore in most places where the 
lower series was exposed, the upper series had cropped out above it; 
as at Deadman’s Island. This made collecting in the latter place 
from the lower series rather uncertain, as the upper would cave down 
in quantities from the action of the wind and rain, settle on the edge 
of the lower, and on becoming packed, looked as if it belonged there. 
This immense deposit, extending the whole length and breadth of 
the cut and an unknown distance further, was nearly 6 feet thick, and 
in the center of the cut, where it had not been graded down, was 20 
feet below the surface and dipped to the northeast. The first layer 
commencing at the bottom was about 15 inches thick and sparsely filled 
with shells, mostly bivalves. Next above there was a bed of bivalves 
about 4 inches thick, composed mostly of Afacoma nasuta Conrad, and 
Macoma secta Conrad; these were very plentiful and in a natural 
condition as they had lived, and had not been disturbed, but were 
covered up by about 17 inches of sand in which there were no shells. 
The next layer was about 4 inches thick, composed of Ostrea lurida 
Carpenter, and Aletes squamigerus Carpenter. While the life of the 
bed of Afacoma was a short one, as none of them had reached a 
maximum growth, the bed of oysters had apparently lasted for a 
much longer period of time. This bed, like that of the Macomas, 
was not disturbed but covered up in a natural position. The next 
layer is a conglomerate mass two feet thick, very compact but not 
hardened; washed up by some storm, it-contains a great many species 
from deep water. The next and last layer was about 17 inches thick, 


No. 2535.—PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. 65, ART. 22. 
1 


2 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 65 


composed of loose washed sand and small drift shells washed high 
on the beach. Judging from the species that lived here, in the two 
natural beds mentioned, this place must have been an estuary or flat 
in a protected place, though exposed to unusually severe storms; 
a place such as existed at Tims Point 30 or 40 years ago. 

Of the 242 species of shells found in the Nob Hill cut, 115 are 
found in Puget Sound and north of there. In our four seasons’: 
dredging and shore collecting near Friday Harbor, Wash., we have 
found a great many of them living. Our dredging has been mostly 
in the San Juan Channel, where I think more of the Nob Hill fossil 
species are found living, than anywhere else. The water in the 
channel is very cold, because the current comes in from the ocean 
through the Strait of Juan de Fuca. The water in Departure Bay 
about 75 miles north of there will average 10 degrees warmer the 
year round, according to Doctor Fraser who is in charge of the Do- 
minion Marine Biological Station. After the Lower San Pedro time 
and the climate of California began to get warmer, many of the mol- 
lusks went north or sought the cold waters of a greater depth. 
There seems to be a streak of the northern mollusks in about 100 
fathoms all along the coast as far south as Lower California. It isa 
fact that there are quite a few southern species in the lower San 
Pedro, and also some northern species in the upper; they all lived 
in the lower San Pedro during that epoch. They did not all go 
north, some accustomed themselves to the change in temperature, 
and are found living now near San Pedro. Some withstood the 
change for a long time and are found in the upper series, but finally 
died out, and are not now found living here except in very deep 
water. 

Acknowledgments are due to Dr. Paul Bartsch, of the United 
States National Museum, and to Dr. W. H. Dall, of the United States 
Geological survey, for assistance in the identification of some doubt- 
ful species and general criticism of the manuscript. I am also deeply 
indebted to Dr. J. P. Smith, of the Department of Geology in 
Stanford University, for kindly criticism and much help. ‘Types of 
the new forms are in the Oldroyd Collection or that of the National 
Museum. 


LIST OF SHELLS FROM THE LOWER SAN PEDRO PLEISTOCENE 
SERIES FROM THE NOB HILL CUT, SAN PEDRO, CALIFORNIA. 


Family NUCULIDAE. 
Genus NUCULA Lamarck, 1799. 
Subgenus AcILA H. and A. Adams, 1858. 


NUCULA CASTRENSIS Hinds, 1843, three small valves. 
Living, Bering Sea—San Diego. 


ART. 22 SAN PEDRO FAUNA—OLDROYD. 


Family LEDIDAE. 


Genus LEDA Schumacher, 1817. 


LEDA TAPHRIA Dall, 1897, six valves. 

Living, Bodega Bay, California—Lower California. 
LEDA HAMATA Carpenter, 1864, one small valve. 

Living, Puget Sound—Panama Bay. 
LEDA CELLULITA Dall, 1896, one specimen. 

Living, Puget Sound. 


Family ARCIDAE. 


Genus GLYCYMERIS Da Costa, 1778. 


GLYCYMERIS SEPTENTRIONALIS Middendorff, 1849. 
Living, Aleutian Islands, Alaska—Puget Sound. 


? Family PHILOBRYIDAE. 


Genus PHILOBRYA Carpenter, 1872. 


PHILOBRYA SETOSA Carpenter, 1864, one valve. 
Living, Forrester Island, Alaska—Gulf of California. 


Family OSTREIDAE. 


Genus OSTREA Linnaeus, 1758. 


OSTREA LURIDA Carpenter, 1864, very plentiful. 
Living, Sitka, Alaska—Cape San Lucas. 


Family PECTINIDAE. 
Genus PECTEN Muller, 1776. 
Subgenus CHLAMYS Bolten, 1798. 


PECTEN HASTATUS Sowerby, 1843, four small valves. 

Living, Monterey—Newport, California, deep water. 
PECTEN JORDANI Arnold, 1903, three valves. 

Living, Puget Sound. 


Section PATINOPECTEN Dall, 1898. 


PECTEN CAURINUS Gould, 1850, two broken valves. 
Living, Wrangell, Alaska—Oregon and Puget Sound. 


Section LEPTOPECTEN Verrill, 1897. 


PECTEN LATIAURITUS Conrad, 1837, not rare. 
Living, Monterey, California—Lower California. 


Family MYTILIDAE. 
Genus MYTILUS Linnaeus, 1758. 


MYTILUS CALIFORNIANUS Conrad, 1837, part of one valve. 
Living, Aleutian Islands—Lower California. 


45554—25—Proe.N.M.vol.65——-41 


4 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 65 


Genus SEPTIFER Recluz, 1848. 


SEPTIFER BIFURCATUS (Conrad) Reeve, 1837, ten valves. 
Living, Crescent City, California—Gulf of California. 


Genus MODIOLUS Lamarck, 1799. 


MODIOLUS MODIOLUS Linnaeus, 1858, part of one valve. 
Living on the west coast from the Arctic-San Pedro, California. 


MODIOLUS CAPAX Conrad, 1837, one valve. 
Living, Santa Barbara, California—Peru. 


Genus BOTULA Morch, 1853. 
Subgenus ADULA H. and A. Adams, 1857. 


BOTULA FALCATA Gould, 1851, three specimens. 
Living, Coos Bay, Oregon—San Diego, California. 


Genus CRENELLA Brown, 1827. 


CRENELLA DECUSSATA Montagu, 1808, about 100 valves. 
Living, Bering Sea—San Pedro, California. 


Family THRACIIDAE. 


Genus CYATHODONTA Conrad, 1848. 


CYATHODONTA PEDROANA Dall, 1916, one valve and several pieces. 
Living, San Pedro and Catalina Island, California. 


Family LYONSITDAE. 


Genus LYONSIA Turton, 1822. 


LYONSIA CALIFORNICA Conrad, 1837, plentiful. 
Living, Puget Sound—Lower California. 


Genus MYTILIMERIA Conrad, 1837. 


MYTILIMERIA NUS£TALLII Conrad, 1837, one valve. 
Living, Vancouver Island—San Diego, California. 


Family VERTICORDIIDAE. 


Genus VERTICORDIA Wood, 1844. 


VERTICORDIA ORNATA Orbigny, 1846, three valves. 
Living, Catalina Island, California—Panama. 


Family CARDITIDAE. 
Genus CARDITA (Bruguiére) Lamarck, 1799. 


Section CARDITAMERA Conrad, 1838. 


CARDITA SUBQUADRATA Carpenter, 1865, about thirty valves. 
Living, Queen Charlotte Islands—Lower California. 


ART. 22 SAN. PEDRO FAUNA—OLDROYD. 


Genus VENERICARDIA Lamarck, 1801. 


VENERICARDIA VENTRICOSA Gould, 1850, thirteen valves. 
Living, Alaska—Lower California. 


Subgenus MIODONTIscuUs Dall, 1903. 


VENERICARDIA PROLONGATA Carpenter, 1864, four valves. 
Living, Alaska—San Diego, California. 


Family THYASIRIDAE. 


Genus THYASIRA (Leach in) Lamarck, 1818. 


THYASIRA GOULDII Philippi, 1845, one valve. 
Living, Alaska—Lower California. 


Family DIPLODONTIDAE. 


Genus DIPLODONTA Bronn, 1831. 


DIPLODONTA ORBELLA Gould, 1852, twelve valves. 
Living, Bering Sea—Gulf of California. 


Family LUCINIDAE. 


Genus PHACOIDES Gray, 1847. 
Subgenus Lucinisca Dall, 1901. 


PHACOIDES NUTTALLII Conrad, 1837, Plentiful. 
Living, Santa Barbara, California—Mexico. 


Subgenus LUCINOMA Dall, 1901. 


PHACOIDES ANNULATUS, Reeve, 1850, var. densiliratus Dall, 1919. 
Living, Sitka, Alaska—Esteros Bay, California. 


Subgenus CALLUCINA Dall, 1901. 
Section EPILUCINA Dall, 1901. 


PHACOIDES CALIFORNICUS Conrad, 1837, pientiful. 
Living, Crescent City, California—Lower California. 


Subgenus PARVILUCINA Dall, 1901. 


PHACOIDES TENUISCULPTUS Carpenter, 1864, six valves. 
Living, Bering Sea—Coronado Islands. 


PHACOIDES APPROXIMATUS Dall, 1901, about 106 valves. 
Living, Monterey, California—Panama. 


Family LEPTONIDAE. 
Genus KELLIA Turton, 1822 


KELLIA LAPEROUSII Deshayes, 1839, six valves. 
Living, Bering Sea-San Diego, California 


6 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, 65 


Family CARDIIDAE. 
Genus CARDIUM Linnaeus, 1757. 


Subgenus TRACHYCARDIUM Morch, 1853. 


CARDIUM QUADRAGENARIUM Conrad, 1837, valve, not reported before from the Lower 
San Pedro. 


Living, Santa Barbara, California—-Todos Santos Bay, Lower California. 


Subgenus CERASTODERMA Morch, 1853. 


CARDIUM CORBIS Martyn, 1784, quite plentiful, but all shells thin, fragile, broken. 
Living, Bering Sea—San Francisco, California. 


Genus PROTOCARDIA Beyrich, 1845. 


PROTOCARDIA CENTIFILOSA Carpenter, 1864, three valves. 
Living, Departure Bay, British Columbia—Lower California. 


Genus TIVELA Link, 1807. 
Subgenus PACHYDESMA Conrad, 1854. 


TIVELA STULTORUM Mawe, 1923, one valve. 
Living, Santa Cruz—Lower Californa. a 


Genus TRANSENNELLA Dall, 1883. 


TRANSENNELLA TANTILLA Gould, 1852, very plentiful. 
Living, Sitka Harbor, Alaska—Lower California. 


Genus SAXIDOMUS Conrad, 1837. 


SAXIDOMUS NUTTALLII Conrad, 1837, not rare. 
Living, Humboldt Bay to San Diego, California. 


Genus PAPHIA Bolten, 1798. 
Subgenus PRoTOTHACA Dall, 1902. 


Section PROTOTHACA Dall, 1902, s. s. 


PAPHIA STAMINEA Conrad, 1837, plentiful. 
Living, Bering Sea—Lower California. 


Family PETRICOLIDAE. 


Genus PETRICOLA Lamarck, 1801. 


PETRICOLA CARDITOIDES Conrad, 1837, plentiful. 
Living, Vancouver Island—San Pedro, California. 


Family TELLINIDAE. 
Subgenus MOERELLA Fischer, 1887, 


TELLINA SALMONEA Carpenter, 1864, not plentiful. 
Living, Aleutian Islands-San Pedro, California. 


ART. 22 SAN PEDRO FAUNA—OLDROYD, 


Subgenus ANGULUS Megerle, 1811. 


TELLINA CARPENTERI Dall, 1900, not plentiful. 
Living, Bering Sea—Gulf of California. 


Subgenus OUDARDIA Monterosato, 1884. 


TELLINA BUTTONI Dall, 1900, eight valves. 
Living, Alaska-—Gulf of California. 


Subgenus PERONIDIA Dall, 1900. 


TELLINA BODEGENSIS Hinds, 1844, not plentiful. 
Living, Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia—Gulf of California 


Genus METIS H. and A. Adams, 1856. 


METIS ALTA Conrad, 1837, one valve. 
Living, Santa Barbara—San Diego, California. 


Genus MACOMA Leach, 1819. 


MACOMA NASUTA Conrad, 1837, very plentiful. 

Living, Kodiak Island, Alaska—Lower California. 
MACOMA INQUINATA Deshayes, 1854, four valves. 

Living, Bering Sea—Monterey, California. 


Section REXITHAERUS Conrad, 1869. 


MACOMA INDENTATA Carpenter, 1864, five valves. 
Living, San Pedro-San Diego, California. 


Family SEMELIDAE. 
Genus SEMELE Schumacher, 1817. 


SEMELE RUBROPICTA Dall, 1871, one valve. 
Living, Bering Sea—Lower California. 
SEMELE INCONGRUA Carpenter, 1864, fifteen valves. 

Living, Monterey—Coronado Islands. 


Genus CUMINGIA Sowerby, 1833. 


CUMINGIA LAMELLOSA Sowerby, 1833, plentiful. 
Living, Crescent City, California—Peru. 


Family DONACIDAE. 
Genus DONAX Linnaeus, 1758. 


DONAX CALIFORNICA Conrad, 1837, two valves. 
Living, Santa Barbara—Lower California. 


Family PSAMMOBIIDAE. 
Genus PSAMMOBIA Lamarck, 1818. 
Subgenus GOBRAEUS Leach, 1852. 


PSAMMOBIA CALIFORNICA Conrad, 1848, not plentiful. 
Living, Aleutian Islands—San Diego, California. 


8 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, 65 


Genus SANGUINOLARIA Lamarck, 1799. 
Section NUTTALLIA Dall, 1897. 


SANGUINOLARIA NUTTALLII Conrad, 1837, not rare. 
Living, San Pedro, California-Magdalena Bay, Lower California. 


Family SOLENIDAE. 
Genus SOLEN (Linnaeus) Scopoli, 1777. 


SOLEN SICARIUS Gould, 1850, four valves. 
Living, Vancouver Island—Lower California. 


Family MACTRIDAE. 
Genus SPISULA Gray, 1838. 


Subgenus SYMMORPHOMACTRA Dall, 1894. 


SPISULA PLANULATA Conrad, 1837, twelve valves. 
Living, Monterey—Cape San Lucas, Lower California. 


Genus SCHIZOTHAERUS Conrad, 1853. 


SCHIZOTHAERUS NUTTALLII Conrad, 1837, rare. 
Living, Alaska-San Diego, California. 


Family MYACIDAE. 


Genus CRYPTOMYA Conrad, 1849. 


CRYPTOMYA CALIFORNICA Conrad, 1837, plentiful. 
Living, Alaska—Mexico. 


Family SAXICAVIDAE. 
Genus SAXICAVA Fleuriau, 1802. 


SAXICAVA ARCTICA Linnaeus, 1767, two valves. 
Living, Alaska—Panama. Also Atlantic. 


Family PHOLADIDAE. 
Genus PHOLADIDEA Turton, 1848. 


PHOLADIDEA PENITA Conrad, 1837, plentiful. 
Living, Alaska-San Diego, California. 


Family TEREDIDAE. 
TEREDO TUBES, species indeterminable. 
Family DENTALIIDAE. 


Genus DENTALIUM Linnaeus, 1758. 


DENTALIUM NEOHEXAGONUM Sharp and Pilsbry, 1897, not rare. 
Living, Monterey, California—Central America. 
DENTALIUM PRETIOSUM Sowerby, 1860, not rare. 
Living, Forrester Island, Alaska-San Diego, Calif. 





ART. 22 SAN PEDRO FAUNA—OLDROYD. Y 


Genus CADULUS Philippi, 1844. 


CADULUS HEPBURNI Dall, 1897, not rare. 
Living, Victoria, British Columbia, to Monterey, California. 


Family ACTEONIDAE. 
Genus ACTEON Montfort, 1810. 
Subgenus RicTaxis Dall, 1871. 


ACTEON PUNCTOCOELATUS Carpenter, 1864, one specimen. 
Living, Vancouver Island, British Columbia-—Magdalena Bay, Lower Cali- 


fornia. 


Family ACTEOCINIDAE. 


Genus ACTEOCINA Gray, 1847. 


ACTEOCINA PEDROENSIS, new species, plentiful. 
ACTEOCINA EXIMIA Baird, 1863, four specimens. 
Living, Kodiak Island, Alaska—Puget Sound. 


ACTEOCINA INFREQUENS C. B. Adams, 1852, not rare. 
Living, Santa Monica, California—Panama. 


ACTEOCINA CEREALIS Gould, 1853, not rare. 
Living, Santa Barbara-San Diego, California. 


ACTEOCINA TUMIDA T. S. Oldroyd, 1922. 
Not found living. 


Genus RETUSA Brown, 1837. 
Section COLEOPHYSIS Fischer, 1883. 


RETUSA HARPA Dall, 1871, not rare. 
Living, Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia-San Diego, California. 


Genus VOLVULELLA Newton, 1891. 


VOLVULELLA COOPERI Dall, 1819, not rare. 
Living, Catalina Island-Scammon Lagoon, Lower California. 


Family SCAPHANDRIDAE. 


: Genus CYLICHNELLA Gabb, 1872. 


CYLICHNELLA ALBA Brown, 1827, two specimens. 
Living, Arctic Ocean—-San Diego, California. 


Family AKERIDAE. 
Genus HAMINOEA Turton, 1830. 


HAMINOEA DALLI Bartsch, new species, plentiful. 
Living, Santa Barbara, California—Mexico. 


HAMINOEA VESICULA Gould, 1855, not rare. 
Living, Vancouver Island, British Columbia-Gulf of California. 


Family SIPHONARIIDAE. 


Genus WILLIAMIA Monterosato, 1884. 


WILLIAMIA VERNALIS Dall, 1870, three specimens. 
Living, Crescent City, California-San Diego. 


10 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 65 


Family CONIDAE. 


Genus CONUS Linnaeus, 1758. 


CONUS CALIFORNICUS Hinds, 1844, plentiful. 

Living. Farallones Islands, California—Ballenas Lagoon, Lower California. 
CONUS CALIFORNICUS FOSSILIS T. S. Oldroyd, 1921, not rare. 

Not found living. 


Family TURRITIDAE. 
Genus MONILIOPSIS Conrad, 1865. 


MONILIOPSIS INCISA OPHIODERMA Dall, 1908, not rare. 
Living, Bolinas Bay, California—Ballenas Lagoon, Lower California. 


Genus ANTIPLANES Dall, 1902. 


ANTIPLANES PERVERSA Gabb, 1865. 
Living, Forrester Island, Alaska—San Diego, California. 


Genus BORSONELLA Dall, 1903. 


BORSONELLA BARTSCHI Arnold, 1903, six specimens. 
Living, San Pedro-San Diego. 


Genus PHILBERTIA Monterosato, 1884. 


PHILBERTIA CANFIELDI Dall, 1871, five specimens. 
Living, Crescent City, California-Laguna Beach. 


Genus GLYPHOSTOMA Gabb, 1873. 


GLYPHOSTOMA CONRADIANA Gabb, 1869, one specimen. 
Living, San Pedro, California. 


Genus MANGILIA Risso, 1826. 


MANGILIA ANGULATA Carpenter, 1865, plentiful. 
Living, Puget Sound-Gulf of California. 


MANGILIA (KURTZIELLA) ARTEAGA Dall and Bartsch, 1910, two specimens. . 
Living, Puget Sound. 


Subgenus CLATHROMANGILIA Monterosato, 1884. 


CLATHROMANGILIA RHYSSA Dall, 1919, one specimen. 
Living, San Diego, California. 


Genus CYTHARELLA Monterosato, 1875. 


Section CYTHARELLA s,s. 


CYTHARELLA BRANNERI Arnold, 1903, numerous. 
Living, Panama. 


Genus DAPHNELLA Hinds, 1844. 


DAPHNELLA FUSCOLIGATA Dall, 1871, one specimen. 
Living, Monterey-—Sam Diego, California. 








ART. 22 SAN PEDRO FAUNA—OLDROYD. 11 


Family CANCELLARIIDAE. 
Genus ADMETE Kroyer, 1842. 
ADMETE RHYSSA Dall, 1919, one specimen. 
Living, Santa Rosa Island, California—South Coronado Island. 
Family OLIVELLIDAE. 
Genus OLIVELLA Swainson, 1840. 


OLIVELLA BIPLICATA Sowerby, 1825, typical, not rare. 

Living, Monterey—Pismo Beach, California. 
OLIVELLA BOETICA Carpenter, 1864, typical, plentiful. 

Living, Vancouver Island and Puget Sound. 
OLIVELLA PEDROANA Conrad, 1855, twelve specimens. 

Living, Puget Sound—Cape San Lucas, Lower California. 


Family MARGINELLIDAE. 
Genus MARGINELLA Lamarck, 1799. 


MARGINELLA JEWETTII Carpenter, 1857, new variety NANELLA; plentiful. 
Living, Monterey, California—Lower California. 

MARGINELLA SUBTRIGONA Carpenter, 1865; nine specimens. 
Living, Monterey—San Diego, California. 


Genus CYPRAEOLINA Cerulli-Irelli, 1911. 


CYPRAEOLINA MARGARITULA Carpenter, 1865; not rare. 
Living, Cape San Lucas—Mazatlan, Mexico. 


Family MITRIDAE. 
Genus MITROMORPHA A. Adams, 1865. 


MITROMORPHA FILOSA Carpenter, 1865; one specimen. 
Living, Monterey, California—Gulf of California. 


Family FASCIOLARIIDAE. 
Genus FUSINUS Rafinesque, 1815. 
Section HEILPRINIA Grabau, 1904. 


FUSINUS MONKSAE Dall, 1915, ten specimens. 
Living, British Columbia—Lower California. 


Family ALECTRIONIDAE. 
Genus ALECTRION Montfort, 1810. 
Section SCHIZOPYGA Conrad, 1850. 


ALECTRION FOSSATUS Gould, 1849; twelve specimens. 
Living, Vancouver Island—Cerros Island, Lower California. 


ALECTRION MENDICUS Gould, 1849; plentiful. 
Living, Kodiak Island, Alaska—Magdalena Bay, Lower California. 


45554—25— Proc.N.M.vol.65——42 


12 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. Vou. 65 
ALECTRION COOPERI Forbes, 1850; plentiful. 
Living, Puget Sound—San Diego, California. 


ALECTRION COOPERI, var. INDISPUTABILIS I. S. Oidroyd, 1921; plentiful. 
Living, Puget Sound—San Diego, Californa. 


ALECTRION COOPERI, var. WOODWARDI Forbes, 1850; not rare. 
Living, Puget Sound—San Pedro, California. 


ALECTRION PERPINGUIS Hinds, 1844; plentiful. 
Living, Vancouver Island, British Columbia—Cerros Island, Lower Cali- 
fornia. 


Family COLUMBELLIDAE. 
Genus COLUMBELLA Lamarck, 1799. 
Subgenus ALIA H. and A. Adams, 1853. 


COLUMBELLA TUBEROSA Carpenter, 1865; new variety MAJOR; plentiful. 
Living, Forrester Island, Alaska—Gulf of California. 


COLUMBELLA CALIFORNIANA Gaskoin, 1852; plentiful. 
Living, Forrester Island, Alaska—Salina Cruz, Mexico. 
COLUMBELLA CARINATA Hinds, 1844; plentiful. 
Living, San Francisco Bay—Cape San Lucas, Lower California. 
Genus ANACHIS Adams, 1853. 


ANACHIS PENICILLATA Carpenter, 1865; ten specimens. 
Living, San Pedro, California—Gulf of California. 


Genus NITIDELLA Swainson, 1840. 
NITIDELLA GOULDII Carpenter, 1857; twenty specimens. 
Living, Kodiak Island, Alaska—San Diego, California. 


Genus AESOPUS Gould, 1864. 
AESOPUS IDAE Bartsch, 1918, one specimen, the type. 
Not reported living. 
Genus AMPHISSA H. and A. Adams, 1853. 


AMPHISSA VERSICOLOR LINEATA Stearns, 1872; not rare. 
Living, Monterey, California. 


Family MURICIDAE. 


Genus TRITONALIA Fleming, 1828. 


TRITONALIA LURIDA Middendorff, 1849; two specimens. 
Living, Forrester Island, Alaska—San Diego, California. 


TRITONALIA INTERFOSSA Carpenter, 1864; three specimens. 
Living, Alaska—San Diego, California. 


TRITONALIA INTERFOSSA, var. BETA Carpenter, 1864; plentiful. 
Living, Monterey, California. 


TRITONALIA KEEPI Arnold, 1903; ten specimens. 
Not reported living. 





ART. 22 SAN PEDRO FAUNA—OLDROYD. 15) 


Genus TROPHON Montfert, 1810. 
Subgenus NEPTUNEA (Bolten, part, 1798) Dall, 1902 
TROPHON MULTICOSTATA Eschscholtz, 1829; not rare. 
Living, Bering Sea—San Diego, California. 


TROPHON STUARTI E. A. Smith, 1880; three specimens. 
Living, Alaska—San Diego, California. 


Family EPITONIIDAE. 
Genus EPITONIUM Bolten, 1798. 
Subgenus OPALIA H. Adams, 1858. 


EPITONIUM WROBLEWSKII Méorch, 1876; not rare. 
Living, Forrester Island, Alaska—San Diego, California. 


Subgenus NITIDOSCALA De Boury, 1909. 


EPITONIUM INDIANORUM Carpenter, 1856; not rare. 
Living, Forrester Island, Alaska—Todos Santos Bay, Lower California. 


EPITONIUM TINCTUM Carpenter, 1865; not rare. 
Living, Monterey, California—Gulf of California. 


EPITONIUM SUBCORONATUM Carpenter, 1866; eighteen specimens. 
Living, Vancouver Island, British Columbia-—San Diego, California. 


EPITONIUM CREBRICOSTATUM Carpenter, 1866; two specimens. 
Living, Vancouver Island-Gulf of California. 


EPITONIUM CAAMANOI Dall and Bartsch, 1910; four specimens. 
Living, Vancouver Island—San Pedro, California. 


EPITONIUM CONTINUATUM, new species; two specimens. 
Not known living. 


Section CRISPOSCALA De Boury, 1909. 
EPITONIUM ACROSTEPHANUM Dall, 1908; one specimen. 
Living, Monterey, California—Coronado Islands. 
Family MELANELLIDAE. 
Genus MELANELLA Bowdich, 1822. 
Section MELANELLA s,. s. 


MELANELLA THERSITES Carpenter, 1864; five specimens. 
Living, Monterey, California-San Geronimo Island, Lower California. 


MELANELLA PREFALCATA Bartsch, 1917; one specimen. 
Not reported living. 

MELANELLA FOSSILIS Bartsch, 1918; one specimen. 
Not reported living. 


Family PYRAMIDELLIDAE. 
Genus TURBONILLA Risso, 1826. 


TURBONILLA PECORA, new species. Five specimens. 
Not known living. 


14 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 65 


Subgenus STRIOTURBONILLA Sacco, 1892. 


TURBONILLA ASSER Dall and Bartsch, 1909; four specimens. 
Living, Redondo Beach to San Diego, California. 

TURBONILLA ARESTA Dall and Bartsch, 1909, one specimen. 
Living, Santa Rosa Island to San Diego, California. 


Subgenus CHEMNITZIA Orbigny, 1839. 


TURBONILLA AEPYNOTA Dall and Bartsch, 1909; two specimens. 
Living, San Pedro to San Martin Island, Lower California. 


Subgenus PyRGOLAMPROS Sacco, 1892. 


TURBONILLA COLLISELLAE, new spccies; numerous. 
Not known living. 

TURBONILLA IDAE, new species; abundant. 
Not known living. 

TURBONILLA RINELLA Dall and Bartsch, 1910; one specimen. 
Living, Barkley Sound, Vancouver Island. 


Subgenus PYRGISCUS Philippi, 1839. 


TURBONILLA TENUICULA Gould, 1853; nine specimens. 

Living, Monterey to Point Abreojos, Lower California. 
TURBONILLA HIMERTA, new species; five specimens. 

Not known living. 


Subgenus MorMuLA A. Adams, 1854. 


TURBONILLA EPIPHANIA, new species; thirty specimens. 
Not known living. 


Subgenus BARTSCHELLA Iredale, 1917. 
TURBONILLA LAMINATA Carpenter, 1856; numerous. 
Living, San Pedro, California, to Point Abreojos, Lower California. 


Genus ODOSTOMIA Fleming, 1817. 


Subgenus CHRYSALLIDA Carpenter, 1856. 


ODOSTOMIA GOMPHINA, new species; two specimens. 
Not known living. 

ODOSTOMIA SCELERA, new species; nine specimens. 
Not known living. 


Subgenus IvARA Dall and Bartsch, 1903. 


ODOSTOMIA AMAVA, new species; one specimen. 
Not known living. 


Subgenus EvALEA A. Adams, 1860. 


ODOSTOMIA TERSA, new species; six specimens. 
Not known living, 

ODOSTOMIA ITHEA, new species; two specimens. 
Not known living, 





arr. 22 SAN PEDRO FAUNA—OLDROYD. 15 


ODOSTOMIA MANCA, new species; numerous. 
Not known living, 

ODOSTOMIA CIVITELLA, new species; sixteen specimens. 
Not known living, 

ODOSTOMIA FITELLA, new species. 
Not known living, 


Subgenus AMAURA Moller, 1842. 


ODOSTOMIA MENZOLA, new species; sixteen specimens. 
Not known living, 

ODOSTOMIA TROCHILA, new species; two specimens. 
Not known living, 

ODOSTOMIA SANESIA, new species; two specimens. 
Not known living, 

ODOSTOMIA TIMESSA, new species; three specimens. 
Not known living, 


Family CYMATIIDAE. 
Genus ARGOBUCCINUM Maorch, 1852, 
Subgenus FusITRITON Cossmann, 1903. 


ARGOBUCCINUM OREGONENSIS Redfield, 1843; three specimens. 
Living, Bering Sea-San Diego, California. Aliso Japan. 


Family CERITHIOPSIDAE. 


Genus CERITHIOPSIS Forbes and Hanley, 1849. 


CERITHIOPSIS FOSSILIS Bartsch, 1911; one specimen. 
Not known living. 


CERITHIOPSIS FATUA Bartsch, 1911; three specimens. 
Living, Santa Barbara and Coronado Islands. 


Section CERITHIOPSIDA Bartsch, 1911. 


CERITHIOPSIS DIEGENSIS Bartsch, 1911; two specimens. 
Living, San Clemente and Coranado Islands, and San Diego. 


Section CERITHIOPSINA Bartsch, 1911. 


CERITHIOPSIS NECROPOLITANA Bartsch, 1911; three specimens. 
Not known living. 


Genus SEILA A. Adams, 1861. 


SEILA MONTEREYENSIS Bartsch, 1907; seven specimens. 
Genus METAXIA Monterosato, 1884. 


METAXIA DIADEMA Bartsch, 1907; four specimens. 
Living, Monterey-San Diego, California. 


16 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, 65 


Family CERITHIIDAE. 
Genus ALABINA Dall, 1902. 


ALABINA CALIFORNICA Dali and Bartsch, 1901; seven specimens. 
Not known living. 


Genus BITTIUM Gray, 1847. 


Subgenus SEMIBITTIUM Cossmann, 1896. 


BITTIUM ATTENUATUM Carpenter, 1864; numerous. 
Living, Forrester Island, Alaska—San Diego, California. 


BITTIUM RUGATUM Carpenter, 1866; plentiful. 
Living, San Pedro and Catalina Islands, California. 


Subgenus LIROBITTIUM Bartsch, 1911. 


BITTIUM CATALINENSE Bartsch, 1907; two specimens. 
Living at Catalina Island and San Diego. 

BITTIUM ORNATISSIMUM Bartsch, 1911; very plentiful. 
Living at San Pedro. 


BITTIUM ASPERUM Gabb, 1861; one specimen. 
Living, Santa Barbara to San Diego, California. 


Family CAECIDAE. : 


Genus CAECUM Fleming, 1817. 


CAECUM CALIFORNICUM Dall, 1885; one specimen. 
Living, Monterey, California-—Lower California. 


Genus MICRANELLUM Bartsch, 1920. 


MICRANELLUM CREBRICINCTUM Carpenter, 1864; plentiful. 
Living, Monterey, California-Todos Santos Bay, Lower California. 


Genus FARTULUM Carpenter, 1858. 


FARTULUM HEMPHILLI Bartsch, 1920; not rare. 
Living, San Pedro, California—Point Abreojos, Lower California. 


Family VERMETIDAE. 


Genus ALETES Carpenter, 1857. 


ALETES SQUAMIGERUS Carpenter, 1856; very plentiful. 

Living, Monterey, California—Payta, Peru, and the Galapagos Islands. 
ALETES SQUAMIGERUS PENNATUS Morch, 1862; plentiful. 

Living, San Pedro, California, and north. 


Family TURRITELLIDAE. 


Genus TURRITELLA Lamarck, 1799. 


TURRITELLA COOPERI Carpenter, 1866; twenty specimens. 
Living, Monterey—San° Diego, California. 





art. 22 SAN PEDRO FAUNA—OLDROYD. 1% 


Family LITTORINIDAE. 
Genus LITTORINA Ferussac, 1822. 
Section LITTORIVAGA Dall, 1918. 


LITTORINA PLANAXIS Philippi, 1847; twenty specimens. 
Living, Puget Sound—Magdalena Bay, and Socorro Islands. 


Subgenus MELARHAPHE (Miihlfeldt) Menke, 1828. 


LITTORINA SCUTULATA Gould, 1849; not rare. 
Living, Kodiak Island, Alaska—Turtle Bay, Lower California. 


Family LACUNIDAE. 
Genus LACUNA Turton, 1827. 


LACUNA SOLIDULA Loven, 1846; two specimens. 

Living, Puget Sound-San Diego, California. Also Atlantic. 
LACUNA UNIFASCIATA AURANTIACA Carpenter, 1856; not rare. 

Living, Santa Barbara, California—Point Abreojos, Lower California. 


Family FOSSARIDAE. 
Genus ISELICA Dall, 1918. 


ISELICA FENESTRATA Carpenter, 1864; very plentiful. 
Living, Puget Sound-Gulf of California. 


Family ? 
Genus DIALA A. Adams, 1861. 





DIALA ACUTA Carpenter, 1864; not rare. 
Living, Puget Sound-San Diego, California. 


Family RISSOIDAE. 


Genus ALVANIA (Leach) Risso, 1826. 
ALVANIA MONTEREYENSIS Bartsch, 1911; about fifty specimens. 
Living, Sitka, Alaska—Monterey, California. 
ALVANIA AEQUISCULPTA Keep, 1887; one specimen. 
Living, Catalina Island-Todos Santos Bay, Lower California. 


Genus PALUDESTRINA Orbigny. 


PALUDESTRINA CURTA Arnold, 1903; not rare. 
Not reported living. 


PALUDESTRINA cf. STOKESI Arnold, 1903; eight specimens. 
Not reported living. Specimens too worn for identification. 


Family RISSOINIDAE. 
Genus RISSOINA Orbigny, 1840. 


RISSOINA KELSEYI Dall and Bartsch, 1902; two specimens. 
Living, San Pedro, California—Coronado Islands. 


18 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 65 


RISSOINA DALLI Bartsch, 1915; two specimens. 
Living, San Pedro, California-South Coronado Island. 


Family TRUNCATELLIDAKE. 
Genus TRUNCATELLA (Leach, 1818) Risso, 1826. 


TRUNCATELLA CALIFORNICA Pfeiffer, 1857; five specimens. 
Living, Santa Barbara—San Diego and San Martin Island, Lower California. 


Family SYNCERATIDAKE. 
Genus SYNCERA Gray, 1821. 


SYNCERA TRANSLUCENS Carpenter, 1864; eight specimens. 
Living, Vancouver Island—Lower California. 


Family HIPPONICIDAE. 
Genus HIPPONIX Defrance, 1819. 


HIPPONIX ANTIQUATUS Linnaeus, 1767; five specimens. 
Living, Crescent City, California-Panama and the Galapagos Islands. 


AHIPPONIX ANTIQUATUS CRANIOIDES Carpenter, 1864; one specimen. 
Living, Vancouver Island—San Pedro, California. 


HIPPONIX TUMENS Carpenter, 1865; three specimens. 
Living, Crescent City, California-San Diego, California. 


Family CREPIDULIDAE. 
Genus CREPIDULA Lamarck, 1801. 
Section CREPIDULA s. s. 


CREPIDULA ONYX Cowerby, 1825; four very small specimens. 

Living, Monterey, California—Panama, 
CREPIDULA EXCAVATA Broderip, 1834; six specimens. 

Living, Monterey, California—Payta, Peru. 
CREPIDULA ADUNCA Sowerby, 1825; quite plentiful. 

Living, Vancouver Island-Cape San Lucas, Lower California. 
CREPIDULA ACULEATA Gmelin, 1792; eight specimens. 

Living, Santa Barbara, California—Valparaiso, Chile. 
CREPIDULA DORSATA Broderip, 1834; six specimens. 

Living, Puget Sound—Peru and South America. 


Subgenus IANACUS Morch, 1852. 


CREPIDULA NUMMARIA Gould, 1846; plentiful. 
Living, Bering Sea—Mazatlan, Mexico. 


Family CALYPTRAEIDAE. 


Genus CALYPTRAEA Lamarck, 1799. 


CALYPTRAEA FASTIGIATA Gould, 1846; nine specimens. 
Living, Port Etches, Alaska—Puget Sound. 








aRT. 22 SAN PEDRO FAUNA—OLDROYD. 19 


Family NATICIDAE. 
Genus POLINICES Montfort, 1810. 


Subgenus Euspira Agassiz, 1842. 


POLINICES cf. LEWISII Gould, 1847; not rare, all specimens small and decorticated. 
Living, the type form at Vancouver Island—Santa Barbara Islands, Cali- 


fornia. 
Subgenus NEVERITA Risso, 1826. 


POLINICES RECLUZIANA ALTA Dall, 1909; not rare. 
Living, Monterey—Catalina Island. 


Genus SINUM Bolten, 1798. 


SINUM CALIFORNICUM I. S. Oldroyd, 1917; two specimens. 
Living, Monterey, California—Lower California. 


Family ACMAEIDAE. 


Genus ACMAEA Eschscholtz, 1830. 
Section COLLISELLA Dall, 1871. 


ACMAEA SCUTUM PATINA Eschscholtz, 1832; not rare, all very small. 
Living, Bering Sea—Gulf of California. 
ACMAEA LIMATULA Carpenter, 1866; not rare, all quite small. 
Living, British Columbia—Lower California. 
ACMAEA SCABRA Gould, 1846; twelve specimens. 
Living, San Francisco—Lower California. 
ACMAEA INCESSA Hinds, 1842; quite plentiful. 
Living, Trinidad, California-Magdalena Bay, Lower California. 
ACMAEA ASMI Middendorff, 1849; not rare. 
Living, Sitka, Alaska—San Diego, California, and Socorro Island, 
ACMAEA DEPICTA Hinds, 1847; not rare. 
Living, Santa Barbara—Lower California. 


ACMAEA PALEACEA Gould, 1851; ten specimens. 
Living, Trinidad, California-Lower California. 


Genus LOTTIA Gray, 1834. 


LOTTIA GIGANTEA Gray, 1834; five specimens, all very small. 
Living, Washington—Guadelupe and Cerros Islands. 


Family PHASIANELLIDAE. 


Genus PHASIANELLA Lamarck, 1804. 


Subgenus TRICOLIA Risso, 1826. 


PHASIANELLA COMPTA Gould, 1856; very plentiful. 
Living, Monterey-Gulf of California. 

PHASIANELLA PULLOIDES ELATIOR Carpenter, 1865; ten specimens. 
Living, Catalina Island—Panama. 


20 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 65 


Family TURBINIDAE. 
Genus ASTRAEA Bolten, 1798. 
Subgenus PACHYPOMA Gray, 1850. 


ASTRAEA INAEQUALIS PACIFICA Dall, 1919; one specimen and sixteen opercula 
Living, Off Santa Cruz Island, California, in 30 fathoms. 


Genus LEPTOTHYRA (Carpenter) Pease, 1869. 


LEPTOTHYRA CARPENTERI Pilsbry, 1888; twelve specimens. 

Living, Sitka, Alaska-San Diego, California. 
LEPTOTHYRA BACULA Carpenter, 1864; one specimen. 

Living, Puget Sound-San Martin Islands, Lower California. 
LEPTOTHYRA PAUCICOSTATA Dall, 1871; thirteen specimens. 

Living Monterey—Coronado Islands. 


Family TROCHIDAE. 
Genus HALISTYLUS Dall, 1889. 


HALISTYLUS SUBPUPOIDEUS Tryon, 1838; one specimen. 
Living, Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia—Panama. 


Genus TEGULA Lesson, 1832. 
Section CHLOROSTOMA Swainson, 1840. 


TEGULA FUNEBRALIS A. Adams, 1854; fifteen specimens. 

Living, Vancouver Island—Cerros Islands, Lower California. 
TEGULA MONTEREYI Kiener, 1850; seven specimens. 

Living, Vancouver Island—Channel Islands, Lower California. 
TEGULA LIGULATUS Menke, 1850; one specimen. 

Living, Monterey, California—Acapuleo, Mexico. 


Genus CALLIOSTOMA Swainson, 1840. 


CALIOSTOMA CANALICULATUM Martyn, 1784; ten specimens. 
Living, Sitka, Alaska—San Diego, California. 


CALLIOSTOMA CANALICULATUM Martyn, 1784; ten specimens. 
Living, Sitka, Alaska-—San Diego, California. 


Genus MARGARITES Leach, 1847. 
Subgenus LIRULARIA Dall, 1909. 


MARGARITES PARCIPICTA PEDROANA Arnold, 1903; plentiful. 
Not reported living. 

MARGARITES MAGNA, new species; most plentiful. 
Not known living. 

MARGARITES LIRULATA Carpenter, 1864; two specimens. 
Living, Alaska—San Diego, California. 3 

MARGARITES OPTABILIS Carpenter, 1864; one specimen. ¥ 
Living, Santa Barbara-San Pedro, California. 





ABT. 22 SAN PEDRO FAUNA—OLDROYD. 


Family VITRINELLIDAE. 


Genus VITRINELLA C. B. Adams, 1850. 


VITRINELLA OLDROYDI Bartsch, 1907; one specimen. 

Living, on mantle of Chitons, Monterey, California—Lower California. 
VITRINELLA ESHNAURI Bartsch, 1907; two specimens. 

Living, San Pedro, California. 
VITRINELLA THOMASI Bartsch, 1913; two specimens. 

Not reported living. 


Section DOCOMPHALA Bartsch, 1907. 


VITRINELLA STEARNSII Bartsch, 1907; five specimens. 
Living, Monterey, California. 


Genus TEINOSTOMA A. Adams, 1854. 


TEINOSTOMA INVALLATUM Carpenter, 1864; twenty specimens. 
Living, Monterey, California—Gulf of California. 


Family FISSURELLIDAE. 


Genus FISSURELLA Bruguiére, 1791. 


FISSURELLA VOLCANO Reeve, 1849; two specimens. 
Living, Crescent City, California—Panama. 


Genus MEGATEBENNUS Pilsbry, 1850. 


MEGATEBENNUS BIMACULATUS Dall, 1871; nine specimens. 
Living, Forrester Island Alaska Cape San Lucas, Lower California. 


Genus DIADORA Gray, 1821. 
DIADORA ASPERA Eschscholtz, 1833; ten specimens. 
Living, Cook’s Inlet Alaska—Magdalena Bay, Lower California. 


DIADORA MURINA (Carpenter’s MS.) Dall, 1885; two specimens. 
Living, Crescent City, California-Magdalena Bay, Lower California. 


Genus PUNCTURELLA Lowe, 1827. 


PUNCTURELLA CUCULLATA Gould, 1846; two specimens. 
Living, Kodiak Island, Alaska—La Paz, Lower California. 


Family LEPIDOCHITONIDAE. 
Genus LEPIDOCHITONA Gray, 1821. 


Section LEPIDOCHITONA s. s. 


LEPIDOCHITONA DENTIENS Gould, 1884; about thirty valves. 
Living, Puget Sound—Lower California. 


Genus NUTTALLINA Carpenter, 1873. 


NUTTALLINA CALIFORNICA Reeve, 1847. 
Living Straits of Fuca-San Diego, California. 


21 


99 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 65 


Family ISCHNOCHITONIDAE. 
Genus ISCHNOCHITON Gray, 1847. 


Subgenus STENOPLAX Carpenter, 1878. 


ISCHNOCHITON FALLAX Carpenter, 1892; one valve. 
Living, Vancouver Island—Todos Santos Bay, Lower California, 


Section LEPIDOZONA Pilsbry, 1892. 


ISCHNOCHITON COOPERI Carpenter, 1892; three valves. 
Living, Mendocino County, California—Catalina Island. 


Genus CALLISTOCHITON Carpenter, 1882. 


CALLISTOCHITON PALMULATUS MIRABILIS Pilsbry, 1892; two valves. 
Living, San Diego, California. 


CALLISTOCHITON CRASSICOSTATUS Pilsbry, 1892; eleven valves. 
Living, Forrester Island, Alaska—San Diego, California. 


Family MOPALIIDAE. 


Genus MOPALIA Gray, 1847. 


MOPALIA MUSCOSA Gould, 1846; six valves. 
Living, Shumagin Islands, Alaska—Rosario, Lower California. 


MOPALIA MUSCOSA ACUTA Carpenter, 1855; twenty valves. 
Living, Santa Barbara—San Diego, California. 


Family CRYPTOCHITONIDAE. 


Genus CRYPTOCHITON Middendorff, 1847. 


CRYPTOCHITON STELLERI Middendorff, 1847; not rare. 


Living, Bering Island, Aleutian Islands—San Miguel and San Nicolas 
Islands. 


LAND AND FRESHWATER SPECIES. 


Family ZONITIDAE. 
Genus ZONITOIDES Lehmann, 1846. 
ZONITOIDES ARBOREUS Say, 1817; two specimens. 


Living Vancouver Island—Oregon. 


Family HELICIDAE. 
Genus PYRAMIDULA Fleming, 1833. 


PYRAMIDULA CRONKHITEI Newcomb, 1865; one specimen. 
Living, Alaska—Oregon. 


ART. 22 SAN PEDRO FAUNA—OLDROYD. 98 


Family LYMNAEIDAE. 


Genus PLANORBIS Muller, 1774. 


PLANORBIS TRIVOLVIS Say, 1817. 
Living all along the coast. 

PLANORBIS DEFLECTUS Say, 1824; one specimen. 
With the last, living. 


CRAB REMAINS IDENTIFIED BY MISS MARY J. RATHBUN. 


Lophopanopeus leucomanus Lockington. 

Twelve major and two minor dactyls, twenty-three immovable fingers. 
Lophopanopeus diegensis Rathbun. 

Sixty-three minor dactyls and seventy immovable fingers. 
Lophopanopeus lockingtoni Rathbun. 

Nine movable fingers. 
Hemigrapsus oregonensis Dana. 

One hundred and twenty movable and fourteen immovable fingers. 
Hemigrapsus nudus Dana. 

Nineteen movable and eleven immovable fingers. 
Cancer productus Randall. 

Seventeen movable and sixty-six immovable fingers. 
Cancer gracilis Dana. 

Two movable fingers. 
Randallia ornata (Randall) and 
Randallia, new species. 

Fifteen arm joints. 
Callianassa, new species. 

Hight dactyls of ambulatory legs. 
Mesorhoea, new species. 

Two hands, one arm. 


SPINES AND FRAGMENTS OF SEA URCHINS, EITHER OR BOTH OF THE FOLLOWING TWO SPECIES. 


Strongylocentrotus franciscanus A. Agassiz. 

Strongylocentrotus purpuratus Stimpson. 

Dendraster excentricus Eschscholtz. 
Plentiful. 


OTHER INVERTEBRATA. 
Foraminifera, three species. 


Bryozoa, four species, two of which are very plentiful, and also plentiful, living 
in Puget Sound. 


DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW FORMS. 
ACTEOCINA PEDROENSIS, new species. 


Plate 2, fig. 9. 


Shell large, slightly pyriform, with a small prominent subcylin- 
drical nucleus of about two whorls and five subsequent whorls; suture 
narrowly channeled; the external surface is decorticated in all the 
specimens, but appears to have been smooth, the surface remaining 
shows faint spiral feebly punctate striae with rather wide inter- 


94 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 65 


spaces, all of which sculpture may have been concealed in the perfect 
shell; aperture slightly shorter than the last whorl; outer lip 
sharp, very slightly protractively arcuate, receding anteriorly and 
deeply rounded into the pillar lip, which is thickened and pro- 
vided with a prominent sharp plait; body with a smooth coat of 
enamel; length of shell, 20; of last whorl, 18.5; of aperture, 16; 
maximum diameter, 10 mm. 

Type.—Cat. No. 352346, U.S.N.M. 

This is larger than any other species of the coast and is less 
cylindrical than A. culcitella Gould, the most nearly allied species. 
A specimen which has lost the nucleus is 23 mm. long and 10.5 mm. 
in diameter. 

MARGINELLA JEWETTII NANELLA, new subspecies. 
Plate 2, fig. 8. 


Shell much like typical jewetééi but uniformly smaller, more 
slender proportionately, somewhat less wide at the shoulder, and 
while jewetti usually has five plaits, including that on the edge 
of the pillar, this variety when adult often has as many as eight. 
Relative dimensions are: 

M. jewettii; length, 5.5; maximum diameter, 4.5 mm. 
M. nanella; length, 5.0; maximum diameter, 3.7.mm. 

Type.—Cat. No. 352361, U.S.N.M. 

Many M. jewettii are larger than the average specimen above 
cited, but the size of specimens of the fossil variety is suprisingly 
uniform. Many specimens of the latter have been examined. 


ALIA TUBEROSA MAJOR, new subspecies. 
Plate 2, fig. 11. 


Shell lke the typical recent form, with the same number of 
whorls but uniformly much larger. Comparative measurements 
for specimens of eight whorls are: 

A. tuberosa; length, 8; maximum diameter, 3.8 mm. 
Var. major; length, 11; maximum diameter, 5.0 mm. 
Type.—Cat. No. 352369, U.S.N.M. 


TURBONILLA (STRIOTURBONILLA) PECORA, new species. 
Plate 1, fig. 6. 


Shell of medium size, elongate turrited, yellowish white. Nuclear 
whorls two and a half, forming a somewhat depressed helicoid spire, 
the axis of which is at right angles to that of the succeeding turns, in 
the first of which the tilted edge of the last whorl is one-fifth im- 
mersed. Postnuclear whorls almost flattened, almost tabulately 
shouldered at the summit, marked by strong, decidedly protractively 





ART. 22 SAN PEDRO FAUNA—OLDROYD. 25 


slanting axial ribs, of which 14 occur upon the first, second, and 
third, 16 upon the fourth, fifth, and sixth, 18 upon the seventh to 
eleventh, and 22 upon the penultimate turn. These ribs extend quite 
prominently to the summit of the whorls, which they render slightly 
crenulated. The intercostal spaces are about as wide as the ribs, 
terminating a little posterior to the suture, which leaves a narrow, 
smooth band immediately above the well-constricted suture. Pe- 
riphery of the last whorl well rounded. Base short, well rounded, 
marked by the feeble continuations of the axial ribs, which evanesce 
shortly after passing the periphery. The entire surface of the shell 
is marked by fine, closely spaced spiral striations. Aperture broadly 
oval; posterior angle obtuse; outer lip thin; inner lip slightly curved, 
reflected over and appressed to the base for its anterior third, and 
provided with an obsolete fold a little anterior to its insertion. 

Type.—Cat. No. 333506, U.S.N.M., has 12.5 whorls and measures: 
length, 8.2 mm.; diameter, 2 mm. Cat. No. 352503 U.S.N.M. con- 
tains another specimen showing the nucleus. 

Three additional specimens are in the Oldroyd collection. 

The present species belongs to the group of Turbonilla (Striotur- 
bonilla) dinora, panamensis, schmitti, and button. It is less robust 
than 7’. (S.) dinora and has more ribs than that species, and is more 
robust than any of the other members of the group. The fine spiral 
striations have been omitted in the figure. 


TURBONILLA (PYRGOLAMPROS) COLLISELLA, new species. 
Plate 1, fig. 11. 


Shell moderately large, elongate conic, yellowish, with a brownish 
suffusion which probably indicates that when living it was brown. 
Nuclear whorls two and a fifth, forming a somewhat depressed heli- 
coid spiral, the axis of which is almost at right angles to that of the 
succeeding turns, in the first of which the tilted edge of the nuclear 
spiral is about one-fifth immersed. Early postnuclear whorls moder- 
ately rounded, the later ones almost flattened, slightly shouldered at 
the summit, marked by almost vertical axial ribs. Of these ribs, 
which are much less strong and more numerous and more closely 
spaced on the early whorls than on the later, where they become 
senescent on the last turn, 24 occur on the second, 30 upon the third, 
26 upon the fourth, 24 upon the fifth and sixth, 21 upon the seventh, 
eighth, and ninth, 28 upon the tenth, while on the last whorl they 
are decidedly irregular and irregularly spaced. The intercostal 
spaces vary in width, being very narrow on the early turns, moder- 
ately wide on the median and again on the later very narrow. Suture 
moderately constricted. Periphery of the last whorl well roundea, 
Base short, marked by the feeble continuations of the axial ribs, 


26 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 65 


which extend to the umbilical chink. Aperture rather large, broadly 
oval; posterior angle obtuse; outer lip thin; inner lip slightly curved 
and reflected, with the posterior third reflected over and appressed to 
the base. There is an oblique feeble fold on the columella a little 
anterior to its insertion. 

Type.—Cat. No. 333507, U.S.N.M., has lost the nucleus and first 
two postnuclear turns. The 9.5 whorls remaining measure: Length, 
12 mm.; diameter, 3.3 mm. 

The nucleus and the first two postnuclear turns were described 
from a young specimen, Cat. No. 352507, U.S.N.M., having nine post- 
nuclear whorls, which measures: Length, 7.1 mm.; diameter, 2.2 mm. 

Twenty-seven additional specimens are in the Oldroyd collection. 

This species belongs near 7'urbonilla (Pyrgolampros) hannibali, 
Bartsch. 


TURBONILLA (PYRGOLAMPROS) IDAE, new species. 


Plate 1, fig. 9. 


Shell of medium size, elongate conic, pale brown. Nuclear 
whorls two and a half, forming a very small, slightly elevated heli- 
coid spiral, the axis of which is at right angles to that of the suc- 
ceeding turns, in the first of which the tilted edge of the nuclear 
spiral is about one-fourth immersed. The first two or three post- 
nuclear whorls well rounded, the succeeding turns almost flattened, 
or sometimes evenly slightly concave. All the whorls very nar- 
rowly shouldered at the summit. The first postnuclear whorl 
smooth, the second one showing mere indications of axial riblets, 
while on the succeeding turns they become increasingly stronger, 
well rounded, and somewhat protractively slanting. Of these riblets, 
20 occur upon the third, 18 upon the fourth to sixth, 20 upon the 
seventh, 22 upon the eighth, 24 upon the ninth, and 34 upon the 
last turn. On this they become less conspicuous. Intercostal spaces 
mere lines on the first turns, while on the median whorls they are 
about half as wide as the axial ribs, and on the last turn they are 
again materially reduced. Suture slightly constricted. Periphery 
of the last whorl somewhat inflated, well rounded. Base short, 
somewhat inflated, well rounded, marked by the feeble continuations 
of the axial riblets, which extend to the umbilical chink. The entire 
surface of the spire and base crossed by numerous, closely spaced 
spiral striations. Aperture broadly oval; posterior angle acute; 
outer lip thin; inner lip curved, rather strongly reflected, almost 
free throughout its entire length, posteriorly covering the greater 
portion of the umbilical chink. A feeble twist is present on the 
columella at its insertion. 





ART. 22 SAN PEDRO FAUNA—OLDROYD. 27 


Type.—Cat No. 333509, U.S.N.M., has lost the nucleus and the 
first nuclear turn. The nine remaining measure: Length, 7.9 mm.; 
diameter, 2.8 mm. 

The nuclear turns were described from a young specimen, Cat. 
No. 352508, U.S.N.M.; 38 additional specimens are entered as Cat. 
No. 352533, U.S.N.M.; 150 are in the Oldroyd collection. 

This specimen is related to Turbonilla (Pyrgolampros) taylori, 
Dall and Bartsch, but is much smaller than that species, and has more 
ribs. The fine spiral striations have been omitted in the figure. 


TURBONILLA (PYRGISCUS) HIMERTA, new species. 
Plate 1, fig. 1. 


Shell moderately large, pale yellow. Nuclear whorls two and a 
half, well rounded, forming a decidedly repressed helicoid spiral, 
the axis of which is almost at right angles to that of the succeeding 
turns, in the first of which the tilted edge of the nuclear spiral is 
about one-fourth immersed. Postnuclear whorls narrowly shoul- 
dered at the summit, almost flattened in the middle, marked by 
20 weak, slightly retractively curved, axial ribs on the first turn. 
On the second turn and the succeeding turns there are strong axial 
ribs, which have a protractive slant. Of these ribs, 18 occur upon 
the second to fifth, 20 upon the sixth, 24 upon the seventh, where 
they begin to have a slight retractive curve, while on the last turn 
there are 38, which have a decided retractive curve. The spaces 
separating these ribs are narrow on the first turn, about as wide 
as the ribs on the succeeding two, and a little wider than the ribs 
on the next two, while on the last they are a little narrower than 
the ribs. The spiral sculpture consists of a series of incised lines 
and pits. The widest pits are the line at the periphery, where the 
diameter equals the height. Another series of pits is about half 
the width of the peripheral, and occupies a space halfway between 
the summit and the periphery, while a third series of about equal 
width occupies the space a little nearer to the peripheral than the 
median line of pits. The two series of pits posterior to the median 
pits follow next in strength and are equal. In addition to this, 
there are incised spiral lines, of which the first is about half as far 
removed from the summit as it is from its neighbor anteriorly, the 
space between the first and second being equal to about one-sixth 
of the width between the summit and the periphery. The second, 
third, and fourth incised lines are equal and rather closely spaced. 
These are followed by the two medium-sized pits already referred 
to, posterior to the median pits, then by the median pits. The space 
between the median pit and the medium-sized pit anterior to it 
is crossed by two incised spiral lines, of which the first is a little 


28 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, 65 


farther removed from the median pit than from its neighbor, while 
the second is closely approximated .to the second pit. The space 
between the medium-sized pit and the peripheral pit is crossed by 
two lines, of which the first divides the space between the two, while 
the last is separated from the peripheral pit by a mere hair line. 
Periphery of the last whorl well rounded. Base marked by the 
feeble continuations of the axial ribs, which evanesce before reach- 
ing the umbilical chink, and 18 incised spiral lines of varying 
strength and spacing. Suture moderately constricted. Aperture 
broadly ovate; posterior angle acute; outer lip thin; inner lip con- 
cave, reflected over and appressed for half its length to the preceding 
turn, bearing a weak fold a little anterior to its insertion. 

Type.—Cat. No. 333508, U.S.N.M., has lost the nucleus. The 
8.75 whorls remaining measure: 6.4 mm.; diameter, 2 mm. The 
nuclear whorls were described from specimen, Cat. No. 352509 
U.S.N.M. 

Three additional specimens are in the Oldroyd collection. 

This species belongs to the group of Yurbonilla (Pyrgiscus) 
auricoma Dall and Bartsch and 7. (P.) castanea Keep. 


TURBONILLA (MORMULA) EPIPHANEA, new species. 
Plate ano aioe 


Shell very large. (Nuclear whorls decollated in all the specimens 
seen.) Postnuclear whorls almost appressed at the summit, well 
rounded, marked by rather strong, almost vertical axial ribs, of which 
14 occur upon the first of the remaining turns, 16 upon the second, 
18 upon the third and fourth, 20 upon the fifth to seventh, 22 upon the 
eighth to tenth, 24 upon the eleventh, while on the succeeding turns 
they become enfeebled and finally obsolete. In addition to the axial 
ribs, low rounded varices, the result of the fusion of several ribs, 
occur at regular intervals. Intercostal spaces about twice as wide 
as the ribs, crossed by 8 almost equal, incised spiral lines, which, 
however, do not enclose equal spaces. The space between the first 
and second, second and third and sixth and seventh is about twice 
as wide as the space between the summit and the first, and those 
between the third and fourth and fourth and fifth, while the space 
between the fifth and sixth and seventh and eighth stand halfway 
between these in width. In addition to this, there are very finely 
incised lines in the spaces between the coarse incised lines. On the 
last turn, where the axial sculpture becomes obsolete, the spiral 
sculpture is also very irregular and many more incised lines are 
apparent. Periphery of the last whorl well rounded. Base short, 
well rounded, marked by the feeble continuations of the irregular 
axial ribs, which form mere threads, and in that fashion extend to the 
umbilical chink, and numerous closely spaced spiral striations. 





ART. 22 SAN PEDRO FAUNA—OLDROYD. 29 


Aperture subquadrate; posterior angle obtuse; outer lip’ thin, 
bearing three spiral lirae within; inner lip somewhat twisted, almost 
vertical, its edge reflected and appressed to the preceding whorl 
for one-third of its length. 

Type—Cat. No. 333510, U.S.N.M., has 14.5 whorls and measures: 
Length, 20.8 mm.; diameter, 4.9 mm. 

Five additional specimens, Cat. No. 352510, U.S.N.M., are also in 
the National Museum collection, and 20 are in the Oldroyd collection. 

This species is related to Zurbonilla (Mormula) tridentata Car- 
penter, but is much larger than that species. 


ODOSTOMIA (IVARA) AMAYA, new species. 
Plate 1, fig. 7. 


Shell elongate ovate, yellowish white. Nuclear whorls deeply 1m- 
mersed in the first of the postnuclear turns, above which the outer 
edge of the last whorl only projects. Postnuclear whorls very broadly 
flatly tabulated at the summit, with a sharp angle at the shoulder 
of the summit, the portion anterior to the shoulder moderately well 
rounded and crossed by feeble, almost vertical, axial ribs, of which 
32 occur upon the third, while upon the last whorl they become 
decidedly irregular in strength and spacing. On the third whorl 
the spaces that separate the ribs are almost as wide as the ribs. In 
addition to the axial sculpture, the whorls are marked by spiral 
striations, which cause the spaces between them to appear as raised 
flattened cords. These are poorly defined on the first two turns 
in the type, while on the third there are eight between the summit 
and the suture and nine on the last whorl. Periphery of the last 
whorl well rounded. Base rather long, well rounded, marked by 
the feeble continuations of the axial ribs, and eight incised spiral] 
lines, the combinations of the two forming a sculpture correspond- 
ing with that on the spire. Aperture elongate ovate; posterior 
angle rendered decidedly obtuse by the tabulated summit; outer 
lip thin; inner lip strongly curved, with a conspicuous fold at its 
insertion; parietal wall covered by a thin callus. 

Type.—Cat. No. 352514, U.S.N.M., has 4.5 postnuclear whorls 


and measures: length, 3.8 mm.; diameter, 1.8 mm. 
Compared with Odostomia (Ivara) turricula Dall and Bartsch, 


the present species is differentiated by its much more robust form 
and coarser sculpture. 
ODOSTOMIA (CHRYSALLIDA) GOMPHINA, new species. 
Plate 1, fig. 3. 
Shell very elongate ovate, yellowish white. Nuclear whorls deeply, 


obliquely immersed in the first of the succeeding turns, above whick 
only the tilted edge of the last volution projects, which appears well 


30 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 65 


rounded and smooth. Postnuclear whorls well rounded, narrowly 
shouldered at the summit, marked by strong, decidedly retractively 
slanting axial ribs, of which 18 occur upon the first, 20 upon the 
second, 22 upon the third, and 26 upon the last turn. In addition to 
the axial ribs, the whorls are crossed by 4 equal and equally spaced 
spiral cords, which are about as wide as the spaces that separate them. 
The first of these is at the summit. The intersection of the axial ribs 
and spiral cords forms strong, rounded tubercles which have their 
long axes, which are only slightly greater than the shorter, parallel 
with the spiral sculpture. Periphery of the last whorl marked by a 
spiral cord, which falls partly in the suture on the last two turns. 
Suture not channeled. Base moderately long, well rounded, with a 
narrow umbilical chink, marked by 10 spiral cords, which become suc- 
cessively narrower and closer spaced from the periphery to the um- 
bilical chink. Aperture ovate; posterior angle acute; outer lip thin; 
inner lip strongly curved and decidedly reflected and appressed to the 
base, provided with a rather strong fold at the insertion of the colum- 
ella; parietal wall covered with a rather thick callus, which alone 
renders the peritreme complete. 

Type—Cat. No. 352515, U.S.N.M., has 5 postnuclear whorls and 
measures: Length, 3.2 mm.; diameter, 1.4 mm. 

The present species is related to the recent group of which 
Odostomia (Chrysallida) benthina and O. (C.) promeces are mem- 
bers. 

An additional specimen is in the Oldroyd collection. 


ODOSTOMIA (CHRYSALLIDA) SCELERA, new species. 
Plate 1, fig. 4. 


Shell elongate conic, yellowish white. Nuclear whorls small, 
deeply, obliquely immersed in the first of the postnuclear turns, 
above which the tilted edge of the last volution only projects. Post- 
nuclear whorls strongly shouldered at the summit, marked by very 
strong, retractively slanting axial ribs, of which 14 occur upon the 
second and third, 16 upon the fourth, and 20 upon the last turn. In 
addition to the axial ribs, the whorls are marked by 4 strong spiral 
cords, which are not quite equal to the axial ribs in strength, and 
which render the junction with the axial ribs strongly nodulose, the 
nodules being a little longer than wide. The spaces inclosed between 
the axial ribs and spiral cords are rectangular pits. Periphery of 
the last whorl marked by a strong cord, separated from the last cord 
on the spire by a channel as wide as that separating the other cords 
of the spire, and crossed by the continuations of the axial ribs which 
terminate at the posterior border of the peripheral cord. Suture 
strongly channeled. “Base feebly rounded, marked by four spiral 





ART. 22 SAN PEDRO FAUNA—OLDROYD. 31 


cords, which are successively closer spaced and weaker from the 
posterior anteriorly, the fourth being really a broad, tumid area, 
surrounding the umbilical chink. The broad channels separating 
these cords are crossed by numerous slender axial threads. Aperture 
oval; posterior angle acute; outer lip thin at the edge, thick within; 
inner lip curved, reflected over and appressed to the preceding turn, 
provided with a strong, oblique fold at its insertion; parietal wall 
covered by a thick callus. 

Type.——Cat. No. 352516, U.S.N.M., has 5 whorls and measures: 
Length, 3.2 mm.; diameter, 1.5 mm. 

This is most nearly related to Odostomia (Chrysallida) hetero- 
cincta Bartsch, from which it is at once distinguished by its more 
robust size and less acutely tuberculated sculpture. 

Cat. No. 352517, U.S.N.M., contains 2 more specimens from the 
type locality, and 6 additional specimens are in the Oldroyd col- 
lection. 

ODOSTOMIA (EVALEA) TERSA, new species. 


Plate 1, fig. 10. 


Shell elongate conic, yellowish white. Nuclear whorls deeply, 
obliquely immersed in the first of the postnuclear whorls, above 
which only the tilted edge of the last volution projects. Postnu- 
clear whorls rather high between summit and suture, slightly 
rounded, narrowly shouldered at the summit and marked only by 
lines of growth and very fine spiral striations. Suture slightiy con- 
stricted. Periphery of the last whorl well rounded. Base slightly 
inflated, rather long, narrowly umbilicated, marked like the spire. 
Aperture long, oval; posterior angle acute; outer lip thin at the 
edge, thick within; inner lip oblique, slightly sinuous, provided with a 
strong fold opposite the umbilical chink; parietal wall covered by 
a moderately thick callus. 

Type.—Cat. No. 352518, U.S.N.M., has 5 postnuclear whorls re- 
maining, having lost probably the first half of the postnuclear turn, 
and measures: Length, 5 mm.; diameter, 2 mm. 

Cat. No. 352519, U.S.N.M., contains 2 specimens from the type 
locality, one of which served for description of the nucleus. 
Four additional specimens are in the Oldroyd collection. 

The present species recalls Odostomia (E'valea) valdezi Dall and 
Bartsch, but is more than double the size of that species in every way. 
The fine spiral striations have been omitted in the figure. 


ODOSTOMIA (EVALEA) ITHEA, new species. 
Plate 1, fig. 2. 


Shell regularly broadly conic, yellowish white. Nuclear whorls 
small, obliquely immersed in the first postnuclear turn, above which 


32 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 85- 


only the tilted edge of the last turn projects. Postnuclear whorls 
slightly rounded, narrowly shouldered at the summit, marked by 
fine lines of growth and rather coarse spiral striations. Suture 
slightly constricted. Periphery of the last whorl rounded. Base 
short, well rounded, somewhat inflated, narrowly umbilicated, and 
marked like the spire. Aperture moderately long, oval; posterior 
angle acute; outer lip thin at the edge, thick within; inner lip 
strongly curved, with a strong fold opposite the umbilical chink; 
parietal wall covered by a thin callus. 

Type.—Cat. No. 352520, U.S.N.M., has 6.5 postnuclear whorls and 
measures: Length, 5.6 mm.; diameter, 2.4 mm. 

An additional specimen is in the Oldroyd collection. 

This species suggests Odostomia (Evalea) youngi Dall and 
Bartsch, but is distinguished from this at once by its more broadly 
conic outline. 

ODOSTOMIA (EVALEA) MANCA, new species. 


Plate 1, fig. 5. 


Shell very elongate ovate, yellowish white. Nuclear whorls small, 
deeply, obliquely immersed in the first of the postnuclear whorls, 
above which only the tilted edge of the last volution projects. Post- 
nuclear whorls slightly rounded, very narrowly shouldered at the 
summit, marked by fine lines of growth and moderately strong spiral 
striations. Suture slightly constricted. Periphery of the last whorl 
slightly inflated, well rounded. Base short, well rounded, not um- 
bilicated, marked like the spire. Aperture elongate oval; posterior 
angle acute; outer lip thin; inner lip slightly curved, reflected, and 
appressed for half its length to the base, provided with a strong fold 
at its insertion; parietal wall covered by a moderately thick callus. 

Type.—Cat. No. 352521, U.S.N.M., has 6 postnuclear whorls and 
measures: Length, 5.5 mm; diameter, 2.38 mm. 

Cat. No. 352522, U.S.N.M., contains 10 additional specimens from 
the type locality, and there are 49 in the Oldroyd collection. 

The present species recalls Odostomia (Evalea) resina Dall and 
Bartsch, which is fully four times as large. 


ODOSTOMIA (EVALEA) CIVITELLA, new species. 
Plate 2, fig. 7. 


Shell rather large, milk white. Nuclear whorls small, deeply im- 
mersed in the first of the succeeding turns, above which the tilted 
edge of the last volution alone projects. Postnuclear whorls moder- 
ately well rounded, narrowly shouldered at the summit, marked by 
numerous rather regular lines of growth and rather coarse spiral 
striations, which cause the space between these striations to appear 





ART. 22 SAN PEDRO FAUNA—OLDROYD. oe 


like slender lirations, and lend to the surface a reticulated appear- 
ance. Suture well constricted. Periphery slightly angulated at the 
early whorls, but rounded on the last. Base very narrowly um- 
bilicated, slightly inflated, well rounded, and marked like the spire. 
Aperture broadly oval; posterior angle acute; outer lip thin at the 
edge, thick within; inner lip strongly curved, reflected over but not 
appressed to the base, provided with a strong, oblique fold opposite 
the umbilical chink; parietal wall covered with a thin callus. 

Type.—Cat. No. 352523, U.S.N.M., has almost 6 postnuclear whorls 
and measures: Length, 6 mm.; diameter, 2.7 mm. 

Cat. No. 352524, U.S.N.M., contains 5 additional specimens from 
the type locality, and there are 10 in the Oldroyd collection. 

This species, while it belongs to the coarsely sculptured group of 
Evalea, does not seem to be very closely related to any of the de- 
scribed forms. 


ODOSTOMIA (EVALEA) FITELLA, new species. 


Plate 1, fig. 8. 


Shell very regularly elongate conic, yellowish white. Nuclear 
whorls rather large, deeply, obliquely immersed in the first of the 
succeeding turns, above which only the tilted edge of the last volu- 
tion projects. Postnuclear whorls well rounded, very narrowly 
shouldered at the summit, marked by fine lines of growth and fine 
spiral striations. Suture slightly constricted. Periphery of the 
last whorl] slightly angulated. Base short, well rounded, somewhat 
inflated, broadly umbilicated, marked like the spire. Aperture elon- 
gate ovate; posterior angle acute; outer lip thin at the edge; inner 
lip almost straight, reflected but not appressed to the base; parietal 
wall covered by a thick callus, which renders the peritreme complete. 

Type.—Cat. No. 352525, U.S.N.M., has 6.5 postnuclear whorls and 
measures: Length, 5.9 mm.: diameter, 2.5 mm. 

Cat. No. 352526, U.S.N.M., contains 2 specimens from the type 
locality, and there are 4 additional in the Oldroyd collection. 

The present species has no near relatives among the recent shells 
so far described. 


GDOSTOMIA (AMAURA) MENZGLA, new species. 
Plate 2; fig: 6. 


Shell small, elongate ovate. Nuclear whorls obliquely immersed 
in the first of the postnuclear turns, above which only the tilted edge 
of the last volution projects. Postnuclear whorls slightly rounded. 
narrowly shouldered at the summit, marked by retractively slanting 
lines of growth and microscopic spiral striations. Suture well 


34 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 65 


marked, slightly constricted. Periphery of the last whorl and the 
short base well rounded and inflated, the latter narrowly umbili- 
cated and marked like the spire. Aperture very broadly ovate; 
posterior angle obtuse; outer lip thin at the edge; inner lip some- 
what sinuous, reflected over but not appressed to the base, provided 
with a strong oblique fold; parietal wall glazed with a thin callus. 

Type.—Cat. No. 352527, N.S.N.M., has 6 postnuclear whorls and 
measures: Length, 6.2 mm.; diameter, 3 mm. 

Cat. No. 352528, U.S.N.M., contains 5 specimens from the type 
locality and there are 10 additional specimens in the Oldroyd 
collection. 

This form is related to Odostomia (Amaura) helena Bartsch, but 
is about double the size of that species. The fine spiral striations 
have been omitted in the figure. 


ODOSTOMIA (AMAURA) TROCHILIA, new species. 
Plate 2, fig. 1. 


Shell broadly ovate, yellowish white. Nuclear whorls deeply, ob- 
liquely immersed in the first of the postnuclear turns, above which 
the tilted edge of the last volution alone projects. Postnuclear whorls 
well rounded, narrowly tabulately shouldered at the summit, marked 
only by lines of growth and microscopic spiral striations. Suture 
constricted. Periphery of the last whorl and the short, narrowly 
umbilicated base well rounded, marked like the spire. Aperture 
large, ovate; posterior angle acute; outer lip thin at the edge, thick 
within; inner lip somewhat sinuous, reflected over but not appressed 
to the base, provided with a strong oblique fold a little anterior to the 
insertion of the columella; parietal wall glazed by a thin callus. 

Type—Cat. No. 352529, U.S.N.M., has 5.5 postnuclear whorls and 
measures: Length, 6.6 mm.; diameter, 3.2 mm. 

The present form is nearest related to Odostomia (Amaura) eng- 
bergi Bartsch, from which it differs by its less rounded whorls and 
little more acutely tabulated shoulder. 

An additional specimen, Cat. No. 352530, U.S.N.M., is likewise in 
the collection. The fine spiral striations have been omitted in the 
figure. 

ODOSTOMIA (AMAURA) SANESIA, new species. 


Plate 1, fig. 183. 


Shell moderately large, elongate conic, yellowish white. Nuclear 
whorls deeply, obliquely immersed in the first of the succeeding turns. 
Postnuclear whorls well rounded, narrowly shouldered at the sum- 
mit, marked by coarse lines of growth and microscopic spiral stria- 
tions. Suture moderately constricted. Base short, inflated, with an 





ART. 22 SAN PEDRO FAUNA—OLDROYD. oo 


umbilical chink, but not openly umbilicated, marked like the spire. 
Aperture short, broadly oval; posterior angle acute; outer lip thin at 
the edge; inner lip strongly curved, slightly sinuous, provided with 
a very strong oblique fold a little anterior to the insertion of the 
columella; parietal wall covered by a thin callus. 

Type.—Cat. No. 352531, U.S.N.M., has 6.3 postnuclear whorls and 
measures: Length, 8.7 mm.; diameter, 4 mm. 

An additional specimen is in the Oldroyd collection. 

The present form is related to Odostomia (Amaura) sanjuanensis 
Dall and Bartsch, but differs from it by its larger size and a little 
less sloping shoulder, as well as minor sculptural characters. The 
fine spiral striations have been omitted in the figure. 


ODOSTOMIA (AMAURA) TIMESSA, new species. 
Plate 2, fig. 4. 


Shell large, elongate conic, broadly umbilicated, yellowish white. 
Nuclear whorls deeply, very obliquely immersed in the first post- 
nuclear turn, above which only the tilted edge of the last volution 
projects. Postnuclear whorls well rounded, narrowly shouldered at 
the summit. marked by numerous lines of growth and very fine 
spiral striations. Suture somewhat constricted. Periphery of the 
last whorl inflated, well rounded. Base strongly inflated, well 
rounded, marked like the spire. Aperture large; posterior angle 
acute; outer lip thick within; inner lip curved and provided with a 
strong oblique fold a little anterior to its insertion; parietal wall 
covered by a thin callus. 

Type.—Cat. No. 352532, U.S.N.M., has almost 7 postnuclear whorls 
and measures: Length, 7.4 mm.; diameter, 3.2 mm. 

Two additional specimens are in the Oldroyd collection. 

This species is related to Odostomia (Amaura) washingtona 
Bartsch, but is in every way smaller than that species. The fine 
spiral striations have been omitted in the figure. 


EPITONIUM CONTINUATUM, new species. 


Plate 2, fig. 10. 


Shell small, acute, with a smooth nucleus of two, and six and a 
half subsequent well rounded whorls; suture deep but not solute; 
with twelve vertical sharp varices continuous over the suture and 
making nearly a complete circuit around the spire; there is no angle 
on the varices at the shoulder and no spiral sculpture or basal disk; 
the aperture is subovate and the base imperforate; length of shell. 
8; of last whorl], 3.6; maximum diameter, 3.5 mm. 

Type.—Cat. No. 352383, U.S.N.M. 

One specimen was obtained. 

45554—25— Proc.N.M.vol.65——43 


36 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 65 
LIRULARIA MAGNA, new species. 
Plate 2, figs. 2, 3, and 5. 


Shell large for the group, trochiform, originally mottled on the 
prominences with dark and light articulation, with a small smooth 
nucleus and about five whorls; suture distinct, very narrow; whorls 
very slightly convex; periphery rounded; spiral sculpture of (on the 
last whorl behind the periphery four or five, and on the base as 
many more) rather prominent threads with much wider interspaces: 
there is also more or less fine spiral striation; axial sculpture of 
fine regular silky retractively oblique incremental lines; the spiral 
threads, especially on the earlier whorls, are sometimes obscurely 
beaded; the base is moderately convex with a small funicular um- 
bilicus, axially striate; aperture rounded, oblique, the margins sim- 
ple, with no internal lirae; height of shell, 10; of last whorl, 6; 
maximum diameter, 8 mm. 

Type.—Cat. No. 352410, U.S.N.M. 

There is some variation in the height of the specimens, some being 
slightly more elevated than others in proportion to their diameter. 
The species is the largest of the group yet known. 














MA TTAS 













4 a of ~ 
AIS AS 
Es: 





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DHROODO oS 
ah SUNOS Muay s A. 
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sQ) obmaiabh 2. : < 
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EXPLANATION OF PLATES. 
All figures are photographs of the types. 


PLATE 1. 


Fie. 1. Turbonilla (Pyrgiscus) himerta 
Odostomia (Evatea) sthea 22a eee Eee 
. Odostomia (Chrysallida) gomphina 
Odostomia (Chrysallida) scelera 
Odostomia. (Huatlea) mance 2-2 eee ee 
Turbonilla (Strioturbonilla) pecora 
. Odostomia (Ivara) amava 
Odostomia. (Hvalea) fitella. | eS eee 
. Turbonilla (Pyrgolampros) idae 
10; Odostomia. (Evatea) terse. eee 
11. Turbonilla (Pyrgolampros) collisella 
12. Turbonilla (Mormula) epiphanea 
13. Odostomia (Amaura) sanesia 


38 


OMADIPwWNE 





U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 


I 


EDIINGS, VOL. 65, ART. 22 PL. 


a 
is 


PRO 





LOWER SAN PEDRO FYRAMIDELLIDS 


RIPTION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 38 


FoR DES 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 65, ART. 22 PL. 2 






Ore 


SS 





NY 


LOWER SAN PEDRO FOSSIL SHELLS 


FOR DESCRIPTION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 39 





Fig. 


Prater 2. 


POCOSTONIG ICAMQUL@) LOCI a ae ee 
MTU TLIC IU te ne ee ee ee ae 
PTS VAULT T LING ON Lee RS Se 7 SA ER SS 


Odostomia: (Amaura)utimessamss =e ee ee ae 


BTL IAL LIAL A TIVO TUS = Ee Sp te se ee Re ee eS 
mOadostomia. (Amaurg) smenzcola se te Ne ee Se ee ea 
mOdostomiadn(Hoalea) Civitella— 2 a ee ee ee Be ee ee 
ernarqinelian 7ewertit: NANeulg ao oe ee ee es 
NPAT COCIN GE? NEAT OCTUSUS a ares rt ae an hee he Ne 
MBEIMULONIUM ;CONTIVLA TINY = — = Se ee es a ee es eee 
SCAT @utiLOCrOS G00) Of =e =o Sa es Se es ee ee wx 


39 











LL aNOR a prialirihl 
Rh Fe DTS Lis 
MiIOFBOHO 


Se Sohn ICSE OPT THA 





rit Lawnwih >) oiseeabO 


Vir ¥ { aeelne a) avbegtey$? obG 


sitoinde Httosrst aliiig sll 


Lo ane ee ERMA TG A HODIGL 
RTO ios Seo 


Stout oncetit, aie 


A NEW MARINE ANNELID FROM CHILE. 


By A. L. TreapweEL, 
Of the Department of Zoology, Vassar College, Poughkeepsie, New York. 


Among other material collected by Dr. F. Felippone, at Punta 
Arenas, Chile, during the past year was found a single, incomplete 
annelid, which was submitted to me for examination by the United 
States National Museum. I have been unable to find this described 
in any literature at my disposal and am recording it here as a new 
species, though because of the imperfect condition of the specimen 
the specific description must be incomplete. It has been included 
under Lagisca, because of the form of the prostomium, the fact that 
the neuropodial setae are smaller than the notopodial and have 
transverse denticulations, and on the assumption that only a small 
portion of the posterior end is missing. 


LAGISCA CRASSA, new species. 


The prostomium (fig. 1) is much broader than long, and is divided 
anteriorly by a deep V-shaped incision which extends half way of the 
length of the prostomium. From its posterior angle a slight dorsal 
depression continues posteriorly for the remainder of the prosto- 
mium. The result of this structure is that the prostomium is 
divided into halves, each roughly ovate in outline with its outer 
margin decidedly rounded toward its posterior end. From the 
point of greatest width the lateral margins slope gradually toward 
the anterior end where they meet with the inner margins which 
form the edges of the V. These two margins meet at a blunt angle 
but do not form a decided “ peak.” The eyes are all of approxi- 
mately the same size, the posterior pair situated near the dorsal 
mid-line of the corresponding half of the prostomium a little 
posterior to its center. ‘The anterior eyes are a very little farther 
apart than the posterior, and situated near the anterior margins. 

The median tentacle has a stout cirrophore which completely fills 
the above-mentioned V in the prostomium, and is about as long as 
the prostomium. The terminal joint is about as long as the cirro- 





No. 2536—PRocEeDINGS U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM, VoL. 65, ART. 23. 
1 


2 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM, VoL. 65. 
phore, is rather thick, and terminates in a fine filament arising from 
the abruptly narrowing end of the tentacle. The lateral tentacles 
are much shorter and more slender than the median, but have ap- 
proximately the same form. The palps are six to eight times as 
long as the prostomium and rather heavy. In the specimen they are 
very much wrinkled, a condition probably a result of the preserva- 


tion. The tentacular cirri are like the tentacles in form but are 


| 


3 ZF 77ZLFF FIEIV IF eay 


eo 






LAGISCA CRASSA, NEW SPECIES. Fig. 1, ANTERIOR ENDX10; Fic. 2, Parapopium X17; 
Fic. 3, NEUROPODIAL SpraX170; Fie. 4, NoropopiaL Seta X 170. 


larger while the dorsal cirri have a similar form and are about as 
large as the median tentacle. All tentacles and cirri are colorless 
at the apex, an appearance which in some is heightened by a sub- 
apical pigment band. The contrast between the pigment band and 
the colorless apex sometimes makes them look as if the apex were 
slightly swollen, but this is evidently merely an optical effect. Ex- 
cept for this colorless apex, the cirri around the prostomium and 
the palps show traces of a brown color. A similar color appears on 





art. 23. A NEW MARINE ANNELID FROM CHILE—TREADWELL. 3 


the dorsal cirri, and a poorly defined band of brown pigment extends 
along the mid-dorsal line of the body broken only by a prominent 
white patch in each somite near the dorsal anterior margin. This 
coloration is more sharply marked toward the posterior end of the 
fragment. On the dorsal surface of somites which do not carry cirro- 
phores is a rounded lobe lying in line with the cirrophores of other 
somites (fig. 2) and toward the posterior part of the specimen these 
knobs show the same brown color. 

The protruded proboscis is about twice as long as the palps and 
has at the apex, above and below, nine prominent conical marginal 
lobes. 

Most of the elytra are lost, but they evidently did not cover the 
dorsal surface when in place. They are roughly circular in outline, 
are more or less mottled with brown and under low power, because 
of the distribution of this pigment, look as if the margins were 
thicker than the center. This is apparently merely an effect produced 
by the pigment. The elytron is thickly studded over its surface with 
short sharp conical spines which extend to the margins and some- 
times protrude beyond this. 

The neuropodium (fig. 2), has an obliquely truncated setal lobe, 
with the upper outer angle prolonged into a conical “tongue” into 
which the apex of the acicula extends. Aside from this terminal 
protrusion the neuropodium is cylindrical, showing no narrowing 
up to the point where the truncation begins. The neural setae are 
smaller than the notal and are golden yellow in color. Each has 
(fig. 3) transversely arranged plates whose free margins are dentic- 
ulated. These plates are longer than the width of the seta so that 
seen in full face they extend on both sides of the shaft. In profile 
they have the appearance shown in the figure. The notopodial lobe 
of the parapodium is rounded in form and is shorter than the neuro- 
podial but has a similar apical “ tongue” into which the acicula ex- 
tends. The notopodial setae are chestnut-brown in color and are 
larger than the neuropodial. Each seta (fig. 4) has transverse rows 
of spines the row nearest the apex being the shortest and from here 
there is a gradual increase in length so that the longest are more than 
half as long as the diameter of the seta. 

Type.—Cat. No. 19101, U.S.N.M. 


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BENJAMINITE, A NEW SULPHOSALT MINERAL OF THE 
KLAPROTHOLITE GROUP. 


By Eart V. SHANNON, 
Assistant Curator, Department of Geology, United States National Museum. 


INTRODUCTION. 


The present description pertains to a mineral from near Round 
Mountain, Nye County, Nev., which occurs in a quartz vein with 
molybdenite, mica, and minor amounts of other minerals. Upon 
analysis this has been found to be an argentiferous sulphobismuthite 
of lead and copper differing in ratios from any known mineral. For 
this new mineral the name proposed is benjaminite, in honor of 
Dr. Marcus Benjamin of the United States National Museum. 

The specimens first examined were sent to the United States 
Geological Survey some years ago, where they were incorporated 
in a series of bismuth ores by Frank L. Hess and forwarded to the 
National Museum. It was not known who sent them in and the 
only information regarding them was contained in a label reading 
“Aikinite Mining Co., Round Mountain, Nevada.” It was con- 
cluded from the name of the mining company that the mineral had 
been identified as aikinite and that it was a characteristic mineral 
of the deposit. Nothing further could be learned about the mineral 
or the mine, however, until an inquiry was addressed to H. G. Clinton, 
of Manhattan, Nev. Fortunately Mr. Clinton was familiar with the 
mine, its geology, history, and mineralogy, and was able to visit the 
locality and to supply an additional very fine specimen of the benja- 
minite, especially welcome since the original small lot had been 
almost entirely used up in the several analyses, as well as specimens 
of the associated minerals. It developed from this correspondence 
that the material originally received at the Geological Survey had 
also come from Mr. Clinton. The writer takes this opportunity to 
acknowledge his obligation to Mr. Clinton for his generosity and his 
thorough knowledge of the region. The following is quoted from 
his letter: 

The Aikinite Mining Co. has been out of existence for years but they were 
operating the Outlaw Mine some 12 miles north of here [Manhattan] at the head 
of Mariposa Canyon. 

The mineral [benjaminite] occurs in large and small bunches and blotches in 


a dense white quartz, near the southern contact of a rock locally called pegmatite, 
but described by J. M. Hill as a soda-granite, and an intrusive rhyolite. I have 





No. 2537—PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM, VOL. 65, ART. 24. 
1 


2 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 65 


had assays of 300 ounces in silver from the mineral. I have also noted large 
flakes of molybdenite associated with it, but all that was ever mined has been 
carried away. 

I note that you have only a few fragments of the mineral left so I am sending 
my specimen, which is the finest I have yet seen. I hope to get more. I am 
sending also all the other minerals associated with it, including three or four colors 
of material that leach out of the ledge, also a small piece of the soda granite. 
Close to this Outlaw tunnel is a deposit of cinnabar with values in free gold. 

Three miles east on the same contact is another bismuth-silver deposit, the 
bismuth here being in the form of carbonate. Three miles west is a deposit of 
the molybdenite like the sample sent. 


ASSOCIATED MINERALS. 


The minerals occurring in the specimens with the benjaminite are 
quartz, chalcopyrite, pyrite, covellite, muscovite, molybdenite, and 
fluorite. 

The quartz is coarsely crystalline white vein quartz which forms 
the gangue of the other minerals. As seen in thin section under the 





Sere -| Chaicopyrite Covetlite 





Fie. 1.—SkrETCH CF POLISHED SURFACE OF BENJAMINITE SHOWING RELATION OF BENJAMINITE TO 
QUARTZ AND CHALCOPYRITE AND REPLACEMENT OF CHALCOPYRITE AND BENJAMINITE BY COVELLITE. 
Fic. 2.—SKETCH OF POLISHED SURFACE SHOWING RELATIONS OF BENJAMINITE, MOLYBDENITE 
CHALCOPYRITE, AND QUARTZ. 


microscope it forms broad interlocking crystals which contain 
numerous fluid inclusions which are visible with the higher powers 
of the microscope. Some of the largest of these contain bubbles 
and the smaller are aligned into strings. A later introduction of 
quartz took place filling numerous very fine fractures in the older 
quartz, and especially in the sulphides. These later quartz seams 
are especially conspicuous in polished surfaces of the sulphides under 
the microscope and are indicated in the drawing (fig. 2). 

Muscovite is common in the quartz as scales and aggregates of 
scales. The individual crystals range up to 1 cm. in diameter and 
are in part hexagonal in outline. In color the mica varies from pale 











ART. 24 BENJAMINITE, A NEW MINERAIL--SHANNON a 
green to white or pale brown and much of it has a more or less pearly 
luster. It is probably all of the margarodite variety of muscovite, 
low in potash and correspondingly high in basic hydrogen. Opti- 
cally it is negative with the acute bisectrix perpendicular to the plates, 
2E estimated at 60° to 70°, a=1.562, 8= 1.597, y= 1.602, r>v weak. 
Other specimens from the mine consist entirely of masses of scales 
of mica, some of which contain scattered crystals of fluorite an rare 
masses of benjaminite. 

Pyrite occurs as cubic crystals which are rare in intimate associa- 
tion with the benjaminite. Other quartz specimens which contain 
no benjaminite show cubic crystals up to 3 cm. in diameter isolated 
in the quartz which also contains 
mica. The pyrite crystals are 
greatly shattered and show dis- ASS 
tinct cubic cleavage. hi \ ne 

Molybdenite occurs as a graph- lf, \ SS 
itic slickensided smear on frac- Lf i ALY \ 
tures and also as foliated scales Be 
and small rosettes of scales. It 
is occasionally interleaved with 
mica. Some of the rosettes reach 
a diameter of 5mm. Occasion- 
ally these have a sharp hexagonal 
outline and are made up of six 
triangular sectors with a twinning 
lme down the center and stria- 
tion on either side like the A 
structure of mica. As seen in 
polished sections the molybde- 









me Quartz Benjaminite 


nite is older than the benjamin- 
ite and its folia have been con- 
torted, separated, and bent by 
the later fractures, although the 


OMT 
nn yr Molybdenite Chaleo pyrite 
Wy yl, 


Fic 3.—SKETCH OF POLISHED SURFACE SHOW- 
ING RELATIONS OF BENJAMINITE, MOLYB- 





z DENITE, CHALCOPYRITE AND QUARTZ. 
cracks do not cross the folia but 


pass around their ends. The relations of the molybdenite to the 
other minerals are shown in the drawings (figs. 2 and 3). 

Fluorite occurs especially as isolated crystals in the granular 
masses of mica where it forms crystals up to 4 cm. in maximum 
size. The color varies from deep purple to purplish red, yellow and 
colorless. In the mica fluorite occurred in the same specimen with 
benjaminite but only one specimen shows fluorite in quartz and this 
does not contain any benjaminite. The fluorite forms a skeleton 
cube apparently developing by metasomatic replacement of the 
quartz. 

Chalcopyrite occurs only as minute, almost microscopic, grains 
and was introduced with the late quartz which fills fine cracks in 


4 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 65 


the benjaminite. It forms grains isolated in the quartz and smal! 
areas grown on the benjaminite or apparently, in some cases, re- 
placing the benjaminite. ‘This mineral is mainly clearly later than 
the benjaminite although a very little may be contemporaneous 
with it. The relations of the chalcopyrite are shown in figures 1, 2, 
and 3. 

Covellite occurs in minute amount as a later replacement, along 
cracks, of both chalcopyrite and benjaminite, preferring the latter. 
The field showing the greatest amount of this mineral is that shown 
in Figure 1. The amount of covellite present in the analyzed ma- 
terial was so exceedingly small that it emus not have any effect on 
the analytic results. 

Chalcocite was seen as a few rare and very minute areas replacing 


covellite. 
PARAGENESIS. 


The minerals may be arranged in the following paragenetic order 
although there is some doubt as to the mutual age relations of some 
of the earlier ones. 

1. Quartz. 
. Muscovite. 
. Molybdenite. 
. Pyrite. 
. Fluorite. 
Benjaminite. 
. Quartz. 
. Chalcopyrite. 
. Covellite. 
. Chalcocite. 

While a considerable time gap may have intervened between the 
first five and the second five of these minerals it is most probable 
that the whole series belongs to a single genetic sequence although 
the covellite and chalcocite may be products of downward secondary 
enrichment. The benjaminite, a silver-bismuth ore mineral, is thus 
a constituent of a vein characterized by mica, molybdenite, and 
fluorite, minerals typical of high temperature veins of pegmatitic 
affiliations. Such a silver deposit is more or less unique. 


SOMDNMQAR WN 


—_ 


GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF BENJAMINITE. 


The benjaminite is the only abundant metallic mineral in the ore 
and carries the silver for which the mine was explored. It forms 
irregular masses up to 5 cm. in maximum diameter which have 
clearly developed along fractures in the quartz, apparently by replace- 
ment. The benjaminite contains some pyrite although many masses 
are free from it and it all contains fine grains of chalcopyrite developed 
along later minute quartz filled cracks. The color on fresh fracture 





ART, 24 BENJAMINITE, A NEW MINERAL—SHANNON 5 


is medium gray and the luster is metallic with a greasy appearance. 
At first glance the mineral suggets massive tetrahedrite. It has a 
moderately good cleavage in one direction, somewhat interrupted 
by the later cracks. The masses are coarse equigranular and the 
mineral shows no tendency to platy, fibrous or prismatic form. 
Cleavage surfaces indicate the crystals to reach a maximum size of 
15 mm. in the masses. Upon exposure the cleavage surface remains 
bright or becomes slightly yellow while in another direction the grains 
tarnish coppery red and in a third direction they become dull lead 
gray. Granular aggregates which have been exposed for some time 
look like a mixture of three minerals and the nondescript appearance 
is heightened by the quartz filled cracks, minute chalcopyrite grains 
and scattered pyrite and molybdenite. The streak is dull lead gray 
and only assumes a barely perceptible reddish gray tinge with long 
rubbing. The mineral scratches calcite but with difficulty and its 
hardness is thus about 3.3 to 3.5. 


PYROGNOSTICS, ETC. 


Benjaminite is soluble in hot concentrated nitric or hydrochloric 
acid and the solution gives the usual qualitative reactions for silver, 
copper, bismuth, and lead. Alone on charcoal it yields sulphurous 
fumes but is not reduced. With potassium iodide-sulphur mixture 
the usual conspicuous bismuth coating is obtained. In the closed 
tube it gives only a ring of sulphur and in the open tube only sulphur 
dioxide without the formation of any sublimate. 


MICROSCOPIC PROPERTIES. 


In polished sections under the metallographic microscope the ben- 
jaminite is medium gray, the color being about that of the average 
tetrahedrite. Examined with polarizing reflecting apparatus the 
mineral is found to be uniformly and very decidedly anisotropic but 
it exhibits no color pleochroism. When the surface is treated with 
the standard microchemical reagents hydrochloric acid, ferric chloride, 
mercuric chloride, and potassium hydroxide give negative results. 
With reagent nitric acid the surface effervesces and blackens and the 
fumes tarnish brown. These properties, according to Davy and 
Farnham’s scheme, would identify the mineral as aikinite, thus 
seemingly substantiating the qualitative identification. 


ANALYSES AND COMPOSITION. 


The specimens were at first labeled aikinite and the mineral not 
only gives the qualitative reactions of aikinite but greatly resembles 
the aikinite from Beresov, Siberia in the Museum collections. The 
analysis was at first undertaken as of aikinite from a new locality 
and was temporarily discontinued owing to the inhomogeneous 


6 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 65 


appearance of the material. A specimen was then polished and 
examined carefully by modern metallographic methods and, avoiding 
molybdenite and the scattered large grains of pyrite, was found to 
be homogeneous except for the small percentage of chalcopyrite. 
Four analyses were made in all on separate specimens, each of which 
was carefully selected and studied metallographically. In analysis 
1 the presence of silver was not suspected and it was weighed with 
the copper. In analysis 2, made a year later, a large error was made 
by inadvertently filtering off a large part of the lead and weighing 
it in the form of sulphate, with the quartz. The value for lead in 
this analysis was adopted arbitrarily from the mean relation of lead 
to bismuth in the other three and the insoluble matter and sulphur 
were corrected in accordance. The results are given here because 
the determinations of copper, silver, and bismuth are of value. The 
analyses were made at intervals over three years and with variously 
modified procedures. Each analyzed sample was a thin slice which 
had been polished and examined metallographically and selected free 
from pyrite and with a minimum of molybdenite. These were 
crushed and screened to pass 100-mesh screens, the dust removed, 
and the quartz floated out by a gravity separation with methylene 
iodide. The quartz present in exceedingly thin veinlets yielded 
mixed grains so that the samples could not be entirely freed from 
quartz. The small chalcopyrite grains associated with the quartz 
could not be avoided although in one case they were largely removed 
magnetically. The results of the analyses are stated in detail, sepa- 
rately, below. 
Analysis 1 of benjaminite. 











: es Deduc- Recalcu- 
Constituent. Original. tions. Net. ited 
Quartz Vel Roe es ee Cn 13. 46 HSA Gi Bere ULE 2s | es Be ee 
ou ap Reena. LeOnk Bienen en epee 20h tess see es 20. 77 26. 87 
Oppershs arys2t besa ses! dey 
SAIDROE ot PETS «PRGA AS Ee pee Bay 1. 92 6. 25 8. 09 
Trois so Sener See ee 1. 69 B69. |> ac a3 eee 
Bismuth: 2egsala. beep seo JS BOii2 SALE hive 38. 36 49. 63 
Molybdenum___---_-.---_----- . 60 60 eto 6 a eee 
Sul phe Sas ees ee eee a 14. 26 2. 35 ior 15. 41 
Wotan ss) Ses. peer eran 20.02 |  77.29| 100.00 
| 





The impurities deducted are the insoluble quartz and molybdenite 
equivalent to the total molybdenum and chalcopyrite equivalent to 
the total iron. These amount to quartz 13.46 per cent, molybdenite 
1 per cent, and chalcopyrite 5.56 per cent. 

The results of analysis 2, recalculated as above noted, are as 
follows: ; 


ee 


ART, 24 BENJAMINITE, A NEW MINERAL—SHANNON 7 


Analysis 2 of benjaminite (recalculated). 

















: wos | Deduc- To Recalcu- 
Constituent. Original. | tions. Net. | ea 

i iteert epee es Ss ede 12. 83 | TQS ME ees od pe Oe ele a 
HIE ay ee ee cay pt a 2 T8Ooe |e eae 18. 53 23. 95 
Wappees ssa oe eee see seek 4, 07 1. 85 | 222 | 2. 87 
NOUS Si Gage a RRR RE pe Soa Ode | 3. 24 4.19 
IDeA il oa Ss 1. 63 IG Bh | Soe se ete (2552 ae eee 
STS Hb Lees pS AIR ee clea aye AOA Se ei eat 41. 64 53. 83 
Molybdenum: 223 22 c26e we . 46 59a | es pt Sa ka es mpc 
SelGbUns 2 ae ee 13..92 | 2. 19 | es 15.16 

PG tebe ees 9) 2k 96. 32 | 18. 96 71. 30 100. 00 

| 





The deducted impurities are quartz 12.83 per cent, molybdenite 
0.77 per cent and chalcopyrite 5.36 per cent. 

Analysis 3 is the most dependable analysis of the four since the 
material was not only well selected but the method most suited for 
the several separations had been determined by the previous work. 
The powder used for analysis was, moreover, treated to a magnetic 
separation whereby a large part and possibly all of the chalcopyrite 
was removed. Although the iron found is considered below to be 
present as admixed chalcopyrite which is deducted, it is possible 
that the amount found in this analysis is essential to the benjaminite 
occurring as an isomorphous replacement of the lead. This would 
not affect the formula below derived but would rather tend to support 
it by bringing the analytical results into closer agreement with the 
calculated percentages. The analysis is as follows: 


Analysis 3 of benjaminite. 














: ons Deduc- Recalcu- 
Constituent. | Original. iawns: Net. lnted: 
| 

@ iar zien es cael eee Fd 8. 86 SHSGr Ce See ee Se ie eS 
INES teen ental PN ZO) oes Se reer 21. 70 | 25. 25 
(Cop peheteae eae asec eeaae | 6. 65 ~ 65 6. 00 | 6. 98 
SUA) a ae Se | QE SM wee ate eee 2. 78 | 3. 23 
pronase 27525 20 oi Aue pera Wa dee PAD 8 | . 58 HOSs eee tes |e eran a 
Bismuth Amn s  E Rae ei EN | AN Aliya lee oe am mm 41. 45 | 48. 24 
Molybdenum-_------- wen aes | 1. 30 1S 0 Se ets ee ee ee 
Sul humsees eee ee | 15. 53 1. 53 14. 00 16. 30 

Motels. 2/2 pe eet tete ete 98. 85 12. 92 85. 93 | 100. 00 














45554—25—Proc.N.M.vol.65——44 


8 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 65 


The deductions amount to quartz 8.86 per cent, molybdenite 2.17 
per cent and chalcopyrite 1.91 per cent. 

The fourth analysis, made as a final check on the preceding three 
was on a powder from which the chalcopyrite had not been removed 
magnetically. It gave the following results: 


Analysis 4 of benjaminite. 














. +e Deduc- Recalcu- 
Constituent. Original. ons. Net. EST 

Qiparr treo} eee ig neni hh AS ec ye 10. 00 1 O20 Orissa eh ee 
Tea Ted vies bee 5 ae LOW OR. Paeaw ous o 19. 98 24. 70 
Conper 0 eee ee eee 5. 00 1. 59 3. 41 4, 22 
Silvie Soar ee By) re ee Ste 2052 s)S ae ee sepa 2. 52 3. 11 
Oy SS Ee eR a cea oe Be era 1. 40 dA Ne kee na MS a 3 
SISTING eee een ee ee ee Ata627 2 eee 41. 62 51. 45 
Nighy iim 232 i oe ts 1. 34 Dts te ole ole Foe ple 
SOURIS gah ee ae (15. 87) 2. 51 13. 36 16. 52 

lot ahs cet ety ae 2) et ee 97. 73 16. 84 80. 89 100. 00 





The recalculated percentages for the several analyses of the ben- 
aminite are collected and averaged in the following table: 


Average and comparison of recalculated analyses. 











l 
2 Aver- 
Constituent. 1 iz 3 oe age. 
Weadiee AN Ae Oe 26. 87 23. 95 25.25 24. 70 25. 18 
Coppers) Oe 444) oe oe a Fle 8 09 2. Si 6. 98 4, 22 4, 69 
Silvers. et seers rn wee ae ee ; 4, 19 | 3. 23 | Soya Sao 
Bismuth” 2 AIO o7 2s er 49. 63 53. 83 48. 24 51. 45 50. 78 
Sulphur. 2222223 oe EE 15. 41 15.06 16. 30 16. 52 15. 84 
otal pee oe 100. 00 | 100. 00 | 100.00 | 100. 00 100. 00 








The average column from the above table gives the ratios of the 
following table: 
Ratios of average analyses. 








Constituent. Per cent. Ratios. 
mete sdmeoo's! A (deag'c Shay Vike: <a RM er 2 caer eg 25-18) | O3122) 0; Obls<2)) leas 
OPDEleos. fee Ree era cee es ele oe 4. 69 : ony 
Bier scout te Sita ge ee ee ee 3°51 | _ogaf -093X2 .90X2 
Bismuth tas oe Bae ee pe 50. 78 -250 .0624° 1,.05)5<4 
Subp hiari 2st eg ol bes A at 15. 84 .494 .055x9 .93xX9 





OCR) tots Sets fe ere eee ae ee | 100. 00 | 

The above ratios indicate the formula for the mineral to be Pb, 

(Ag, Cu),Bi,S, or 2PbS.(Cu, Ag),S.2Bi,S,. The average of the analy- 

ses is below repeated in comparison with the theoretical percentages 
and with several related minerals. 


ART. 24 BENJAMINITE, A NEW MINERAL—SHANNON 9 


Comparison of benjaminite with other minerals. 














Constituent. Analysis. | Theory. Aikinite. | Cosalite. lanes 
| 

Merle the 3 5 25. 18 24. 50 36. 0 41.8 | 27.5 
Coppers.222 2820 2 4. 69 5. O1 DSO ies rs ee Gays | ae ee 
Buyer ee fone d oS 3. ol 774 5p a be | WR me ae | pte eh seeders 
Bismab he! ic 50. 78 49. 18 36. 2 | 42. 0 | 55. 4 
Bp hure es ae ee 15. 84 17. 06 16.8 | 16527 17 
ovals a= 100. 00 100. 00 | 100. 00 100. 00 | 100. 0 








The low summation of the benjaminite analyses deserves comment 
as do the low sulphur determinations. In each analysis a single 
small portion only of the powdered and purified mineral was avail- 
able. . Sulphur had to be determined in an aliquot small portion of 
the solution used for general analysis, a procedure which tends to 
give low results both from loss of some sulphur on solution in acid, 
probably as hydrogen sulphide, and by incomplete precipitation by 
barium chloride. The results for this constituent are consequently 
only approximate and may be 1 per cent low in each case. 

The low summation is in part due to this cause and in part to 
hygroscopic or absorbed substances in the fine powder, particularly 
methylene iodide used for the gravity separation which seems to 
adhere to the surfaces of the grains. The absence of zinc, manga- 
nese, tin, antimony, arsenic, and other probable metals was definitely 
determined. 

The mineral seems unquestionably distinct from any established 
species. The nearest approach to the composition found in the 
literature is in certain cupriferous and argentiferous cosalites quoted 
in Dana. Cosalite is a lead mineral, the composition of which is 
definitely established and, while the lead is probably susceptible of 
replacement by metals of like valence, including cupric copper, 
cupric sulphide is relatively rare as a constituent of the sulpho-salt 
minerals and the copper commonly occurs in the cuprous form 
isomorphous with silver. The non-isomorphism of metals of unlike 
valence in minerals of this class is now widely recognized! and these 
analyses of ‘“‘cosalite’’ which show amounts of silver and copper in 
excess of 1 or 2 per cent are doubtless other minerals or mechanical 
mixtures and required to be reexamined by modern methods. 

The benjaminite falls in the 3:2 division, klaprotholite group of 
Wherry and Foshag.?-_ The members of this group now are as follows: 


iMemrotbolitewe ik ero seo eo See 3CuS 2BiLS; 
Schinmeritesees =e eons eee cae 2Ag28. PbS 2BieS3 
PRUs GING eee ee ee ae Re ee alee Ree Se ee 3PbS 2As2S3 
Benjamiinmices wet Se ae ee oe 2PbS. (Cu, Ag).S 2Bi.S3 





1 William F. Foshag. The isomorphic relations of the sulphosalts of lead, silver and copper. Amer. 


Journ. Sci., vol. 1, pp. 444-445, 1921. 
2 Edgar T. Wherry and William F. Foshag. A new classification of the sulfo-salt minerals. Journ. 


Wash. Acad. Sci., vol. 11, pp. 1-8, 1921. 


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